1/28 focus: 1/28 focus: – kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high...
TRANSCRIPT
• 1/28 Focus:1/28 Focus:– Kings began to gain more power and Kings began to gain more power and
centralize power during the high centralize power during the high middle agesmiddle ages
– England was one of the first countries England was one of the first countries in Europe to develop a strong central in Europe to develop a strong central monarchymonarchy
• Do Now:Do Now:– What was one characteristic of life in What was one characteristic of life in
Western Europe during the early Western Europe during the early Middle Ages?Middle Ages?
The High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages
• Between 1000 & 1500 Western Europe began to emerge from the Dark Ages
Popes and KingsPopes and Kings• During the early
middle ages nobles and their knights held a great deal of power
• Over time power shifted to kings and the Pope
• Powerful kings came into power in England and France
EnglandEngland
• Angles and Saxons had invaded England in the 400’s
• Divided into separate kingdoms– Each had their
own laws and customs
EnglandEngland
• England was subject to frequent invasions from Vikings
• Alfred the Great– Saxon king– unites England
after stopping Viking advances
EnglandEngland• 1066 Alfred’s descendent
King Edward dies without an heir
• 2 people claim the throne – Harold Godwinson• Son of one of Edward’s
advisors–William of Normandy• Normandy was in
France • Claimed he had been
promised the throne by Godwinson
Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings• Conflict breaks
over who should be king
• William wins the battle and becomes King of England – Harold Godwinson is
killed in battle• Shot through the eye
with in an arrow
William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror
• William begins to centralize power – Claims all land in
England as his property• Gave land to his
supporters
William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror
• Domesday Book – A survey of people
living in England, what they owned, and how much they could pay in taxes
– was used to create an efficient tax system
ClosureClosure
• Identify one way William the conqueror established control of England.
• What was the purpose of the Domesday Book?
• Explain how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king?
• 1/29 Focus:1/29 Focus:– The power of kings grew and the nature
of the monarchy changed across Europe during the middle ages
– In 1215, England instituted the Magna Carta, which placed limits on royal power
• Do Now:Do Now:–What is the importance of the Battle of
Hastings?
The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta• William’s descendants had
begun to abuse their power
• King John – Had lost most of the English
lands in France in a expensive war
– Began to raise to taxes on nobles
– Nobles were angered by his confiscation of lands and high taxes
– Raised an army and forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215
The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta
• Document which limited the power of the king –Means “Great Charter”
• Laid the groundwork for “democracy” in Europe
• Established the British Parliament
The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta
• Basic principles:– King could not raise taxes without the approval
of a council of nobles and clergy• Later became the British Parliament
– King could not arrest people without cause or take property without just cause• Habeas Corpus
– Had to be convicted by a jury to be sent to jail– The King had to obey the law; was not above
the law
FranceFrance• Was ruled by the
Carolingian Dynasty from 843-987– Charlemagne – Kings after
Charlemagne gradually lost power and control of large parts of France to nobles and the English
FranceFrance
• The Capetian Dynasty ruled from 987-1328– Expanded control
of French kings over France• Contributed to a
conflict with England known as the 100 Years War
The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire• Empire grew out of
part of Charlemagne’s Empire– Charlemagne had
been crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope
– Future rulers were crowned by the pope after being chosen by nobles
Power of the PopesPower of the Popes
• Popes were powerful spiritual leaders but also developed political power during the Middle Ages – Popes claimed
authority over rulers• This often led to conflicts
between Popes and kings– The investiture
controversy
Power of the PopesPower of the Popes• Pope Gregory VII tried to
expand the political power of the pope– The pope can be judged by no one; – The Roman church has never erred and
never will err till the end of time; – The pope alone can depose and restore
bishops; – He alone can call general councils and
authorize canon law
– He can depose emperors; – He can absolve subjects from their
allegiance; – All princes should kiss his feet.