• 1/28 Focus:1/28 Focus:– Kings began to gain more power and Kings began to gain more power and

centralize power during the high centralize power during the high middle agesmiddle ages

– England was one of the first countries England was one of the first countries in Europe to develop a strong central in Europe to develop a strong central monarchymonarchy

• Do Now:Do Now:– What was one characteristic of life in What was one characteristic of life in

Western Europe during the early Western Europe during the early Middle Ages?Middle Ages?

Middle AgesMiddle AgesThe High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages

The High Middle AgesThe High Middle Ages

• Between 1000 & 1500 Western Europe began to emerge from the Dark Ages

Popes and KingsPopes and Kings• During the early

middle ages nobles and their knights held a great deal of power

• Over time power shifted to kings and the Pope

• Powerful kings came into power in England and France

•

EnglandEngland

• Angles and Saxons had invaded England in the 400’s

• Divided into separate kingdoms– Each had their

own laws and customs

EnglandEngland

• England was subject to frequent invasions from Vikings

• Alfred the Great– Saxon king– unites England

after stopping Viking advances

EnglandEngland• 1066 Alfred’s descendent

King Edward dies without an heir

• 2 people claim the throne – Harold Godwinson• Son of one of Edward’s

advisors–William of Normandy• Normandy was in

France • Claimed he had been

promised the throne by Godwinson

Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings• Conflict breaks

over who should be king

• William wins the battle and becomes King of England – Harold Godwinson is

killed in battle• Shot through the eye

with in an arrow

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

• William begins to centralize power – Claims all land in

England as his property• Gave land to his

supporters

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

• Domesday Book – A survey of people

living in England, what they owned, and how much they could pay in taxes

– was used to create an efficient tax system

ClosureClosure

• Identify one way William the conqueror established control of England.

• What was the purpose of the Domesday Book?

• Explain how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king?

• 1/29 Focus:1/29 Focus:– The power of kings grew and the nature

of the monarchy changed across Europe during the middle ages

– In 1215, England instituted the Magna Carta, which placed limits on royal power

• Do Now:Do Now:–What is the importance of the Battle of

Hastings?

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta• William’s descendants had

begun to abuse their power

• King John – Had lost most of the English

lands in France in a expensive war

– Began to raise to taxes on nobles

– Nobles were angered by his confiscation of lands and high taxes

– Raised an army and forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

• Document which limited the power of the king –Means “Great Charter”

• Laid the groundwork for “democracy” in Europe

• Established the British Parliament

The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta

• Basic principles:– King could not raise taxes without the approval

of a council of nobles and clergy• Later became the British Parliament

– King could not arrest people without cause or take property without just cause• Habeas Corpus

– Had to be convicted by a jury to be sent to jail– The King had to obey the law; was not above

the law

FranceFrance• Was ruled by the

Carolingian Dynasty from 843-987– Charlemagne – Kings after

Charlemagne gradually lost power and control of large parts of France to nobles and the English

FranceFrance

• The Capetian Dynasty ruled from 987-1328– Expanded control

of French kings over France• Contributed to a

conflict with England known as the 100 Years War

The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire• Empire grew out of

part of Charlemagne’s Empire– Charlemagne had

been crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope

– Future rulers were crowned by the pope after being chosen by nobles

•

Power of the PopesPower of the Popes

• Popes were powerful spiritual leaders but also developed political power during the Middle Ages – Popes claimed

authority over rulers• This often led to conflicts

between Popes and kings– The investiture

controversy

Power of the PopesPower of the Popes• Pope Gregory VII tried to

expand the political power of the pope– The pope can be judged by no one; – The Roman church has never erred and

never will err till the end of time; – The pope alone can depose and restore

bishops; – He alone can call general councils and

authorize canon law

– He can depose emperors; – He can absolve subjects from their

allegiance; – All princes should kiss his feet.

ClosureClosure

• Explain how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king?

• What legislative body in Britain developed from the council formed in the Magna Carta?