128356877 technological environment

7/30/2019 128356877 Technological Environment

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Technological Environment


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Systematic application of scientific or other organizedknowledge to practical tasks

The important feature of technology is its change andthen more change.

Technological impacts are wide spread, reaching farbeyond the immediate point of technological impact.

What is Technology?


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Impact of technology


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1. Increased Productivity

The most fundamental effect of technology is greaterproductivity in terms of both quality and quantity.

As a result of productivity, prices of some productsdecline, which spreads the beneficial economic effects of

technology throughout the whole social system.


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2. need to spend on R&D

R&D assumes considerable relevance in technologicaladvances.

To gain competitive edge and market share in theglobal market, technological advancement is necessary.

To achieve technological advancement company has tospend on the R&D by introducing new innovations.


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. o s ten to ecome oreintellectual

With the advent of technology, jobs tend to becomemore intellectual or upgraded.

A job handled by an illiterate and unskilled workers,requires services of an expert, educated and competent

engineers.

Introduction of new technology dislocates someworkers unless they are well-equipped to work on new

machines.


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. ncrease egu at on an tOpposition

A by- product of technological advancement is theever-increasing regulation on business by the govt. andstiff opposition from the public.

The govt. has the powers to investigate and ban

products that are directly harmful or hurt the sentimentsof society.


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5. Demand for Capital

Todays technology necessitates investment of moneyon acquiring or discovering of new ideas and theiradoption; education, training and maintaining of themanagers and several other related areas.

Business organizations should raise huge fund, toadopt new technological advancements.


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6. Business Boundaries Redefined

Technological change is one of the important factorsgiving rise to product substitution and productdifferentiation.

For multi product companies technological change

may have multiple impacts.

Helps in widening the market with in the country andoutside the country.


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7. Social Change

There is the change in social life which results from achange in a technological process.

Changes the patterns of social life.

Status differences are likely to be created bytechnological advancement in developing countries.


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8. System Complexity

Technology has resulted in system complexity.

Modern machines work better and faster, but of theyfail, they need services of experts to repair.

Technological system is interdependent system. Failureof any other variables create system complexity.


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9. High Expectations of Consumer

Technology has contributed to the emergence of newsociety. Now consumers want more of many things thanmore of some things.

New varieties of products, superior quality, free from

pollution, more safe and more comfortable products areto be produced and supplied to the new sections ofconsumers.


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10. Resistance to Change

New technology poses new problems which may notbe to the liking of the organizational employees.

Fear of loosing job, increased work load, makes peopleto resist the technological change.


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Research and Development in India

Though India has an elaborate science andtechnological policy, the expenditure on R&D istypically low.

It encourages R&D activities through public

institutional infrastructure and fiscal concessions.

India currently spends about 0.8% of GDP on R&D ,science and technological policy.

Target to rise this expenditure to 2% by the year 2007.


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In India there are more than 500 science and 1220 inhouse research and development laboratories.

There is also the Department of Science andTechnology, an administrative wing of the Govt. to

coordinate the activities of all research and technicalactivities in the country.

The country has state sponsored institutional

arrangement for the development of science andtechnology in diverse areas of the economy. They are


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Indian council of scientific research (ICSR)

Department of science and technology (DST)

Indian council of medical research (ICMR)

Indian space research organization (ISRO)

Scheme on drugs and pharmaceuticals research


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Technology policy

Technology must suit local needs and to make an

impact on the lives of ordinary citizens.

It must give importance to even small improvementswhich could make better and more cost effective uses of

existing materials and the methods of work.


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Aims ofTechnology Policy

The basic objectives of the technology policy will be

the development of indigenous technology andadaptation of imported technology appropriate tonational priorities and resources.

Other aims are

Attain technological competence and self-reliance .

Sustainable and equitable development.

Maintenance of national security.

To enhance international competitiveness of Indianindustries.


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Aims ofTechnology Policy

To use traditional skills and capabilities and making

them commercially competitive.

Ensure maximum developments with minimumcapital outlay.

To develop technologies which are internationallycompetitive, particularly those with export potential.

reduce demands on energy, particularly energy from

non-renewable sources.

To reduce waste materials and make full utilization ofby products.


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Strengthening the Technology Base

Special attention given to promotion and

strengthening of the technology base in newly emergingfrontier areas such as information and material sciencesand bio-technology etc.

Skills and skilled workers will be accordedrecognition.

The quality and efficiency of the technology

generation and delivery system will be continuouslymonitored and upgraded.


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Strengthening the Technology Base

Technologies relevant to the cottage, village and small

industries sector will be upgraded.

Measures will be devised to avoid wastage and tooptimal use of energy.


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Some Specific Areas

In technology development, special emphasis will be

focused on-

Agriculture including dry-land farming

Low cost housing

Development and use of renewable and non-conventional sources of energy.

Industrial developmentOptimum use of water resources.


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Indigenous technology Development

fullest support will be given to the development of

indigenous technology to achieve technological self-reliance and reduce the dependence on foreign inputs.

Strengthening and diversifying the domestic

technology to reduce imports and to expand exports.

Suitable fiscal mechanism will be established tofacilitate investments on indigenous technology.

existing design engneering will be strengthened.

x o n genous an mporte


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x o n genous an mporteTechnology

technology policy will be directed towards adopting

imported technology in few areas.

In the acquisition of technology, consideration will begiven to the choice and sources of technology, costs and

related conditions.

A National Registry on foreign collaboration will bedeveloped to provide analytical inputs at various stages

of technological acquisition.

T h l P l 2003


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Technology Policy 2003

Objectives

Advancing scientific temper for a progressive andenlightened society.

Strengthening, enabling mechanisms that relatetechnology developments.

Providing functional autonomy and freedom at all

academic and R&D institutions.

T h l P li 2003


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Technology Policy 2003

Promoting empowerment of women to all science and

technological activities.

Accomplishing national strategy and security relatedobjectives using the latest technology.

S i P i


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Strategic Point

Strengthening measures to increase the rate of

generation of high quality skilled technical manpower atvarious levels.

Establishing new funding mechanisms for promoting

basic science research.

Evolving mechanism for making S&T personnel anintegral part of planning.

S i P i


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Strategic Point

Making arrangements and creating facilities for

developing indigenous knowledge for wealth andemployment generation.

strengthening S&T infrastructure in academic

institutions.

Policy decided to spend 0.8% on R&D and science andtechnology related activities.

decided to increase this amount to 2% by 2007.

128356877 technological environment

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