1.3

Project Advisory Group on Education

A view of academiaProf Em. Hiroaki IKEDA, Chiba University

APEC Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC)

Contents

• Introduction – self-introduction of the presenter

• Overview of standards and conformity

• View of academia on current status of education in universities and colleges

• Issues to be highlighted

• Conclusions – Recommendations

Self introduction, academic

• Faculty member of Chiba University (1968…2008)– in Faculty of Engineering– in Graduate School of Engineering

• Prof. Emeritus of Chiba University (2008…to date)

• Providing lectures including on “International Standardization” (2000…to date)

Self-introduction, standarization

• Started his activities in 1983 for IEC/SC 61G• Technical Area Manager on “Colour Manage-me

nt,” IEC TC 100/TA 2 (1996-2008)• Convener of ISO-IEC Joint WG (1998-)

– Project Leader of IEC 80416-1 and -3

• IEC Lord KELVIN Award (1999)• Secretary of IEC SC 3C (2000…to date)

– Convener of IEC 62648 (2009…to date)

• Project Editor of ISO/IEC JTC 1/C 35 (2008…to date)

Overview of standards and conformity

• Aspects of “standards” – most of them are voluntary– Geography

• National, Regional, and International

– Industrial sector or academic discipline• Electrotechnology (IEC)• Information Communication Technology (ITU, IEC, ISO)• Neither of the above (ISO)

– such as mechanical, chemical, and so on

– Consensus creation• De-jure, De-facto, and fora

Overview of standards and conformity, cont.

• Aspect of “conformity” – some of “standards” are used as bases for conformity assessment (CA)– testing – inspection – sampling – audit – assessment of CA bodies – accreditation – certification – surveillance

Overview of standards and conformity, cont.

• Relationship between standards and CA bodies– A good standard is written so as to allow conformity to

its requirements to be assessed:• it describes the function and behaviour of the products, rathe

r than its design;• it gives precise, measurable specifications;• it mandates tests and test methods which are reliable and re

producible.

– A good standard should be equally usable for CA of • 1st-party (seller)• 2nd-party (buyer)• 3rd-party (Neither seller or buyer – officially, “person or body t

hat is independent” of the 1st and 2nd parties).

Expectations to academia

• Mandates of academia linked to “education”– Knowledge transfer to the next generation

on the established academic disciplines, such as• Engineering, Medicine, Economics, Politics, Sociology,

Literature, and so on

– Research on cutting-edge technologies• Leading to a new academic discipline or inter-disciplinary

results

– Development on leading-edge systems• Leading to a new scheme or system to provide a good order

to mankind

What is “standardization”?

• It is “activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems,

provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context”.– In particular, the activity consists of the

process of formulating, issuing and implementing standards.

Quoted from clause 1.1 (and Note 1), ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004)

View ofAcademia

Similarity of “academic study” to “standardization”

• It is activity of publishing, with regard to actual or potential problems,

papers for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.– In particular, the activity consists of education,

study, collaboration and, implementing the solution as patents and standards.

View ofAcademia

Benefits of standardization

• They are – “improvement of the suitability of products,

processes and services for intended purposes,– prevention of barriers to trade and – facilitation of technological cooperation”.

Quoted from Note 2 of clause 1.1, ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004)

View ofAcademia

View of academia on benefits of standardization

• They will be – provision of alternative solutions to the act

ual or potential problems,– expansions of outlet not only as academic p

apers but also standards, and– facilitation of technological cooperation.

View ofAcademia

Relationship between educational institutions and standardization bodies

Potentialhuman

resource

Academic papers

Patents

Standards& Rec’s

Highereducational

institutes

Brushed uphuman

resource

Enterprises &Governments

Products &Services

(Admission)

(Standardization of education)

（ IEC-ISO-ITU） Users in general,

consumers

IEC-ISO-ITU

(Graduation)

(Social responsibility)

(International collaboration)

Recent trends in education of SDO

• From IEC SMB Standardization Strategy Implementation Plan 2008-2011, e.g.– Goal 3a) Supporting NCs in attracting and

recruiting experts to the IEC work

– Goal 4d) Soliciting input from academia and research institutes

View ofAcademia

Recent trends in education, contNational

bodyInvolvement of academia

Soliciting input from academia and research institutesSource

Korea Professors: 20 %; Research institutes: 30 %-University course on standardization-Incentives for professor and research institutes-Many research institutes are involved in COSD Program-“Feasibility for standardization” is key criterion for deliberation of Government-funded R&D Project

SMB/4002/INF(2009-05)

Japan -7,3 % of 1 221 to IEC and -10,9 % of 3 430 to ISO; -in average 10 %

IEC/EMS & ISO/GD(2009-03)

Germany DKE has 3 500 active technical experts, 10 % of which are coming from academia and research institutes.

SMB/4016/INF(2009-05)

Netherlands 650 members, 6 % coming from academia and research institutions for NEC standardization

SMB/4112/INF(2009-10)

Recent trends in education, contNational

bodyInvolvement of academia

Soliciting input from academia and research institutesSource

Brazil 500: Estimative of students and professors acting in Standardization, Metrology and Conformity Assessment 10 000: Estimative of professionals acting in Standardization, Metrology and Conformity Assessment

SMB/4111/INF(2009-10)

Australia Standards Australia's new Education & Training Division tasked with identifying education and training opportunities and also promoting the understanding and awareness of Standards through academic institutions. Ongoing discussions with universities and other institutions regarding curriculum development and the inclusion of Standardisation as a study and research topic

SMB/4194/INF(2010-01)

Spain Annual seminar on standards at the University promoted by the industry Periodical feedback on key issues to Technical Committee members Periodical market inspections in cooperation with the Ministry of Industry, which promotes the good practices Training courses addressed to new Technical Committee members Promotion of IEC standards in different countries Promotion of standardization activities in different events not directly linked to standards

SMB/4195/INF(2010-01)

Embedding IPR’s in standards, recent trend

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Year

Num

ber o

f Pat

ent D

ecla

ratio

ns

Data from IEC Patent Database(As of 2010-02-19)

View ofAcademia

Example of direct involvement of academia

View ofAcademia

A view of academia, conformity

View ofAcademia

Reference: Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, IEC (2008-10)

A view of academia,Some primitive aspects considered in education

• As in standardization:– Establishment of basic concepts commonly

acceptable– Unambiguous general terms and definitions provided– Consistent use of basic terminology in teaching

materials

• conformityfulfillment of requirements of a standard– Note: The term “conformance” is synonymous but

deprecated.

A view of academiaKey points to be answered

• What are the benefits for– Students under education

• How to motivate them to attend the class?• What kind of carrier path after graduation is

expected?

– Teachers, lecturers and professors• Are they recognized? Rewarded?

– Educational institutes• Is it requirement or in high priority for them to

provide the lectures on standards and conformity?

ConclusionsRecommendations from academia

• Development of common teaching materials– Consistent use of terminology (with clear definition)

• Conformity vs. conformance• Standardization

• Clear benefits and links to the activities in academia:– education

• Leading to a carrier path for educated people in collaboration with industries

– research• Results of research: not only academic papers and patents, but also

new work item proposals to trigger standardization

– collaboration with academic institutions– top-down encouragement of education and research as

governmental policy

For further reference:

• ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed. 8 (2004), Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary

• ISO/IEC 17000:2004, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary and general principles

• Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, International Electrotechnical Commission (2008-10)

• Building Trust – The Conformity Assessment Toolbox, International Organization for Standardization (undated)