13 selected topics for e-learning technologies (ml).pptx
TRANSCRIPT
Selected Topics for e-Learning Technologies
(Mobile Learning)
Timothy K. Shih
• Overview of Mobile Learning• Related Researches• Mobile Learning Researches in MINE.
Lab• Novel equipments and terminologies
– Hardware– Mobile Learning 2.0
• Discussion
What is mobile learning?Mobile learning originally referred to the use of laptop computers, which freed learners from the desktop
Mobile phones opened up the concept of wireless learning (via GPRS and GSM)
“Learning has movedfrom the classroomonto your desktop
and into your pocket”
Always onAlways on you
Independent of time and space
Pocket PCs and other devices used for learning purposes led to the term handheld learning
GSM/GPRS
WifFi
Who is the buyer? 2006~2011 US Market for Mobile Learning Products and Services
by Customer Segment
What are They Buying? Three Types of Mobile Learning Products and Services
Next-generation Learning Technology Trends: Mobile Learning Expands Reach of
Learning Technology
Judy Brown• Judy was the Founder and Director of the
Academic Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Co-Lab in partnership with the Department of Defense
• She was named one of the Top 100 women in computing by McGraw Hill's Open Computing magazine (December 1994)
http://www.judybrown.com
Challenges
• Cost and Compatibility– Cost
• Managing learning through intermittent connection• Dial-up access to a network, small screens, slow
processing and limited storage capabilities• The application must be able to link to a Learning
Management System• Learners need to access all materials and exchange
information that is independent of system preferences • If the Web connection is broken, any information will be
lost until connectivity is restored– Compatibility
• Platform-specific solution– SCORM– Be able to run any compliant content on any compliant
system
Challenges
• Device-independent delivery– M-Learning solution must work for a broad
range of devices, not only for one set – Broad range of devices precludes specific
solutions– One of the typical solutions:
• Broaden the capabilities and flexibility of web browsers that separate the content from the format
Related Research Issues
Related Research Issues
• Develop a mobile learning system applied to specific domain.– Tour guide in museum– Outdoor learning activities (bird watching)
• Ubiquitous Learning– Utilize the context awareness and adaptation
strategies to make mobile learning environments more available
• Game Learning with mobile devices• Related concepts and applications
– M-Learning 2.0
The MObile-Based Interactive Learning Environment (MOBILE) and A Case Study for
Assisting Elementary School English Learning
A Mobile Butterfly-Watching Learning System for Supporting Independent Learning
• The features of these systems– Contents had been stored at mobile devices in
advance• Museum Guide• Designed for specific areas and users.
– Good performance and acceptable results– Ignore the potential problems
• Network connection• Storage capability
Pocket SCORM
Pocket SCORM
• The system received the 2005 Brandon Hall Excellence in Learning Awards.
• The customized version of pocket SCORM has been adopted by a domestic airways (TransAsia) to perform pilot training and aircraft security routines.
Our e-learning Web Services
Context Awareness and Adaptation Strategies Used in Mobile Learning Environment
• Context Awareness and Adaptation in Mobile Learning– Sense mobile environment and reacts to change
context during learning process– A definition of learning context
• Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of learning entities that are considered relevant to the interactions between a learner and an application.
– Six dimensions• Identity dimension• Spatio-temporal dimension• Facility dimension• Activity dimension• Learner dimension• Community dimension
Select
Request &
Response
Request &
Response
Request &
Response
Request &
Response
XML XSL
CC/PPFor Note
Book
CC/PPFor
Tablet
CC/PPFor PDA
CC/PPFor Mobile
Phone
Search
Generate
Personalized Metadata
Teacher’s personalized metadata
Basic metadata
Student’s personalized metadata
Mobile learning with a mobile game: design and motivational effects
• Design of the MobileGame prototype, exploring the opportunities to support learning through an orientation game in a university setting.
• Mobile learning Scenario– Used to support the orientation days at a university– Significant place tasks
• Library, laboratories
– Significant people tasks• Interview with important people
– Significant event tasks• Events can scheduled or come as surprise
Interface• Mobile game system
– Position information.• Indoor: Ekahau positioning engine• Outdoor: GPS (inaccurate)
• Major interface versions2004 spring (second version)
2004 summer (third version)
Conclusion
• Technical design issues for the MobileGame prototype– Accuracy of positioning– Play on the move– Offline areas and response time– Interface Design
• Conclusions and outlook– Serious limitations
• Mobile user interface• Accuracy of positioning systems• Accompanying content have not yet been carefully
designed– Users still liked the gaming features best.
Mad City Murder: Augmented Reality Scientific Role Play Environments
Key Findings
• Learners more enthusiastic about learning
• 80% felt mobile learning games could help reading or spelling; 78% felt could improve math
• An iterative approach to development is best, and developing learning materials specifically for mobile is better than re-using materials developed for delivery to a regular PC
Mobile Learning today and in the future
1. Mobile Learning is able to support new trends in workplace learning.
2. New, ubiquitous and more functional mobile devices are helping to make mobile learning more successful
3. Mobile Learning embraces the concepts of Web 2.0, which are already changing e-learning.
• Jane Knight – Proposed the concept of Mobile Learning 2.0– The founder of the e-Learning Centre – Head of Research Services, Organisational
Learning Technologies, at Learning Light
• Learning Light– Non-profit organisation that builds relationships
between learning technology researchers, suppliers, buyers and learners providing learner-centric information to encourage the growth of learning technologies
Mobile Learning 2.0
Mobile Learning is taking on board and complementing the concepts of Web 2.0 which have led to the emergence of E-Learning 2.0 and … Mobile Learning 2.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
content
content
content
sharing (content)collaborationsyndication
tagging
Mobile Learning 2.0
E-Learning 2.0 Mobile Learning 2.0
blogs
RSS
wikis
social applications
moblogs and vlogs
podcasts (audio blogs)
RSS
collaborative learning
Ubiquitous devices
• Most successful devices are those already being significantly used– Mobile phones
• moblogging and vlogging
– iPods/MP3 players • podcasting
Moblogging and Vblogging
• A Video blog, sometimes shortened to vblog, is a blog that comprises video
• Moblog is a blend of the words mobile and weblog– Consists of content posted to the Internet from a
mobile or portable device, such as a cellular phone or PDA
• Moblogs generally involve technology which allows publishing from a mobile device
Moblog and vblog
Podcast
• A podcast is a digital media file, or a series of such files, that is distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers
• A specific type of webcast which, like 'radio‘• The term "podcast" is a portmanteau of the
name of Apple's portable music player, the iPod, and broadcast; a "pod" refers to a container of some sort, and "cast" to the idea of broadcasting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting
Podcast
• Podcast is a collection of files (usually audio and video) residing at a unique web feed address. People can "subscribe" to this feed by submitting the feed address to an aggregator (like itunes). When new "episodes" become available in the podcast they will be automatically downloaded to that users computer
• Podcasting is an automatic mechanism whereby multimedia computer files are transferred from a server to a client, which pulls down XML files containing the Internet addresses of the media files. In general, these files contain audio (MP3) or video, but also could be images, text, PDF, or any file type.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcasting
New podcasting terminology
• Podogogy = “pedagogical podcasting”• Learncasting• Coursecasting
– audio lectures– video lectures (audio + PowerPoint slides)
Various Devices
Readius
Phillips
Nintendo’s DS and Sony’s PSP
Add on Devices
Quick Response (QR) Code
Benefits to Business
• Effective for "just in time" education through a capability called "profiled notification.“– Information is pushed to the person who needs it, when they
need it, based on a user-created profile.• More than 50% of workers have jobs that take them
away from a physical office.• Training can benefit from a shift away from classroom
training to instruction provided at the job site– uses a handheld device that can act as a reference manual
and performance job aid & as a communication device, calculator, data recorder, and position locator.
• Throw in information tagged to object via RFID and it is easy to see how work performance can be enhanced.
Let’s Discuss
• How could learning change?– What if I had immediate access to
communicate or search?– What if I could speak to my device?– What if my location were known?– What if my device knew my interests and
expertise?
Operating Systems• Palm OS
– fits in devices with less memory– runs faster– most users say it is easier to use
• PocketPC (formerly called Windows CE, Microsoft)– easily supports colour displays, graphics – miniaturized Windows packages (Word, Excel), even
PowerPoint nowadays– takes up more memory and is slower – users say it is more complicated – The newest PocketPC version customized by Windows CE is
“Mobile 6”• The Symbian OS
– major system in European markets– offers better communications capabilities – mostly customized for phone-like platforms
Resources
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/• http://www.judybrown.com/• http://mobileresources.html• http://www.mlearnopedia.com• http://mobilelearn.pbwiki.com• http://www.learninglight.com
• Mobile Learning Researches in MINE. lab
An Adaptive Caching Strategy for m-Learning Based on SCORM Sequencing and
Navigation
• Main problems– impermanent network environment – weak computing power and very limited
network bandwidth
Introduction
• Predict the required contents and download the contents in advance
• How to predict the incoming learning resources precisely– SCORM Sequencing and Navigation– Specific devices
• COD (caching on dish) mode• VMM (virtual memory management) mode
– Learning record
Caching System Architecture
• Two Components of Caching Strategy– Download Management Model
• On the Server Side
• Predict Data for Downloading
– Replacement Management Model• On the Client Side
• Predict Data for Dropping
Download Algorithm
Replacement Algorithm
Replacement Management Model
Launch Caching Strategy
Predict Learning Order
Create Drop Order
Get Response
Drop Cluster(s)
Factors for Predicting
Download Order
Request Download
Remove Unnecessary Order
Download Cluster(s) Cluster(s)
Download Management Model
Photoshop_None
Total Waiting Time (seconds) Internet Reconnection Frequency (times)
Photoshop_KnowledgePaced
Total Waiting Time (seconds) Internet Reconnection Frequency (times)
A Custom Course
Total Waiting Time (seconds) Internet Reconnection Frequency (times)
An authoring tool for mobile learning content using Web 2.0 technology
Hsuan Pu Chang
Motivation• There are a lot of learning contents have been designed for
regular PCs.• The restriction of small screen of mobile learning platforms has
always influenced the user’s learning will and learning effect• The researches of overcoming the insufficient browsing and
Interactions on handheld devices have been studied for years– Simplify the content presentation style
• Transform the content according to the predefined and specific rules
• Utilize the spatial and temporal features to reorganized the content presentation
– Modify the interactive operations• Add the number of hyperlinks to reduce the complexity of
content’s presentation but increase the depth of content’s structure
– Most of studies focus on content adaptation for usual Internet web pages such as Yahoo rather than learning or educational relevant contents
Goal
• The Main Goals– Develop an authoring tool which can
• Easily adapt the existent learning contents for user’s specific handheld devices
– Abundant and exceptional learning contents have been designed and published for regular PCs.
• Assist authors to produce a new mobile learning material
– Quizzes– Knowledge Tips– Information Announcement
Related Studies• Two automatic techniques of adaptation
policy– Rule-based adaptation– Constraint-based adaptation
Select
Request &
Response
Request &
Response
Request &
Response
Request &
Response
XML XSL
CC/PPFor Note
Book
CC/PPFor
Tablet
CC/PPFor PDA
CC/PPFor Mobile
Phone
Search
Generate
Context-Aware Interactive Content Adaptation
• User takes the control of the adaptation process
• Make changes until the content is suitably adapted for user’s purposes.
• Leverage user interaction (to correct the adaptation) to learning how to adapt the content based on the user’s usage semantics
• Allow users to adjust the present object until the requirements are satisfied
LMS
Regular Contents
Regular Contents
Repository
Instructor
SCORM Compliant Course
Authoring Tool
Learner Learner Learner
Adapt Contents
Regular Contents
Corresponding Content Version
Corresponding Content Version
Adapt Contents
Adapt Contents
Pocket SCORM
• Questions– If the adaptation is not proper?– Is it possible to find a method to adapt all kinds
of learning subjects or learning contents?– How to preserve the educational essence of
the original learning contents after the modification by an individual user or adaptation implemented according to a specific algorithm.
LMS
Regular Contents
Repository
Instructor
Regular Contents
Authoring Tool
Learner
Learner
Learner
Adapt Contents by authors themselves
Adaptation Information
Regular Contents
Adaptation Information
Distribute Corresponding
Contents
Distribute Corresponding
Contents
Regular Contents
Adaptation Information
Corresponding Content Version
Corresponding Content Version
Benefits
• Offer the better performance during the learning process
• Authors can preview the content adaptation result and decide whether the adapted contents could be published or not
• Allow professional educators ensure the quality of the adapted contents instead of totally adapting all kinds of contents according to the same algorithm proposed by a computer engineer.
The new authoring tool• Web-based authoring tool
– Accomplish the editing process only with Internet browser
– No more installation requirements– With Web 2.0 technology
• How to reduce the overload of reproducing the required contents for mobile learning version
• Provide the semi-automatic transforming function
• Template of presentation style– Multi-version adaptation
• Pocket PC present template• Smartphone present template
– With one click to create the prior adaptation result– Manually modify parameters of the template– System can learn the author’s editing preference
according to the user’s adjustment of template parameters and provide the more appropriate templates for other teachers.
Pocket PC presentation style button
Image Resolution
Simplified Presentation Style
Unsupported file type Sudden Information Density
Pocket PC Smartphone
Text Text/Audio Text/Audio
Image Image (resolution) Image (resolution)
Video Video, Image, Audio (resolution/frame rate)
Video, Image, Audio (resolution/frame rate)
Flash Flash, Video, Image, Audio
Video, Image, Audio
Summary