13 special diodes

8/17/2019 13 Special Diodes

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VALILA, MARY GRACE CATHERINE I. SEPTEMBER 7, 2015BS ECE 3B ENGR. SEVILLA TAUZON

13 SPECIAL DIODES

1. ZENER DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

The zener diode ! " !#$%& '& ()&$*%& +e$e! *h"* +--e! -%/ e$*-e +%+e! e$")!e * ! +e!&e+ -% %'e"*%& & *he reverse-breakdown region. The e"+%& %#*"e %- " 4e&e +%+e ! !e* $"e-)## $%&*%##& *he #ee# +)& /"&)-"$*)e. The "!$ -)&$*%& %- 4e&e +%+e ! *% /"&*"& " !'e$-$ %#*"e "$%!! *6! *e/&"#! *h&e& #/*! %- #&e % #%"+ $h"&e. T'$"## * ! )!e+ -% '%+& " !*"#e e-ee&$e

%#*"e -% )!e & '%e !)''#e! "&+ %*he e)'/e&*.

A 4e&e +%+e ! /)$h #e " &%/"# +%+e. The e8$e'*%& e& ! *h"* * ! '#"$e+ & *he$$)* & ee!e "! "&+ %'e"*e! & ee!e e"+%&. Th! *'$"# $h""$*e!*$ $)e

##)!*"*e! *he %'e"*& "&e -% " 4e&e. N%*e *h"* *6! -%"+ $h""$*e!*$! "e ()!* #e" &%/"# +%+e.

Zener breakdown effect: Ze&e e"+%& e--e$* ! *he %&e -%/ h$h *he +%+e"&! *! '%')#" &"/e. I* ! *he )"&*)/ /e$h"&$"# e--e$* *)&&e##& e--e$*, )* he&"''#e+ *% *he %#*"e e-ee&$e +%+e, * e*"&! *he Ze&e &"/e "-*e *he /"& h%+!$%ee+ *.

TYPE9 PASSIVE WOR:ING PRINCIPLE9 ZENER BREA:;OWNINVENTOR9 CLARENCE MELVIN ZENER

B. CONSRTRUCTION ;IAGRAM

C. SCHEMATIC ;IAGRAM

;. I? The +%+e $)e&* &$e"!e! "'+#.>? The ee!e %#*"e VZ "$%!! *he +%+e e/"&! "#/%!* $%&!*"&*.

I& %*he %+!, *he 4e&e +%+e %'e"*e+ & *h! e%& ## h"e " e#"*e# $%&!*"&* %#*"e "$%!! *, e"+#e!! %- *he "#)e %- $)e&* *h%)h *he +e$e. Th! 'e/*! *he 4e&e+%+e *% e )!e+ "! " %#*"e e)#"*%.


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E. OPERATION O= THE ;EVICE

The ee!e $%&+)$*%& e--e$*!, & $%//%& *h /"& %*he "!'e$*! %- !e/$%&+)$*%*e$h&%#% "e !)(e$* *% *e/'e"*)e ""*%&!. I* ! -%)&+ *h"* *he /'"$* %&!"*%& "&+Ze&e e--e$*! h"e *e/'e"*)e $%e--$e&* & %''%!*e +e$*%&!. The Ze&e e--e$* h$h'e+%/&"*e! e#% 5.5 %#*! e8h*! " &e"*e *e/'e"*)e $%e--$e&*. H%ee *he""#"&$he e--e$* h$h ! *he /"(% e--e$* "%e 5.5 %#*! h"! " '%!*e *e/'e"*)e$%e--$e&*.

A '%!*e Te/'e"*)e C%e--$e&* /e"&! *h"* *he 4e&e %#*"e &$e"!e! *h "&&$e"!e & *e/'e"*)e % +e$e"!e! *h " +e$e"!e & *e/'e"*)e.

A &e"*e Te/'e"*)e C%e--$e&* /e"&! *h"* *he 4e&e %#*"e +e$e"!e! *h "&&$e"!e & *e/'e"*)e % &$e"!e! *h "+e$e"!e & *e/'e"*)e.

A! " e!)#* Ze&e +%+e! % %#*"e e-ee&$e +%+e! *h ee!e %#*"e! %- "%)&+ 5.5 %#*! hee *he *% e--e$*! %$$) "#/%!* e)"## h"e *he /%!* !*"#e %e"## *e/'e"*)e

$%e--$e&* "! *he *e&+ *% "#"&$e e"$h %*he %)* -% *he %'*/)/ 'e-%/"&$e.

=. APPLICATION

Ze&e +%+e! -&+ &)/e%)! "''#$"*%&! & *"&!!*% $$)*. S%/e %- *he $%//%&)!e! "e 9

• A! %#*"e e)#"*%!

• A! " -8e+ e-ee&$e %#*"e & " &e*% -% "!& "&+ $%/'"!%& ')'%!e! "&+

-% $"#"*& %#*/e*e!.

• A! 'e" $#''e! % %#*"e #/*e.

•

=% /e*e '%*e$*%& ""&!* +"/"e -%/ "$$+e&*"# "''#$"*%& %- e8$e!!e %#*"e.

• =% e!h"'& "e-%/.


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2. LIGHT – EMITTING DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

A #h*LE;? ! " +%+e *h"* e! %-- !#e #h* he& -%"+ "!e+.Lh*


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;. IV CHARACTERISTIC CURVE


Whe& *he +e$e ! -%"+%&e $%#%? *h"* +e'e&+! %& *he

"&+ "' >"&+ %*he -"$*%!?. A #"e e8'%!e+ !)-"$e "e" %& %&e #"e %- *he !e/<$%&+)$*e /"*e"# 'e/*! *he 'h%*%&! *% e e/**e+ "! !#e #h*. Th! '%$e!! ! $"##e+e#e$*%#)/&e!$e&$e.

=. APPLICATION

A. A! "& &+$"*% % !&The #% e&e $%&!)/'*%&, #% /"&*e&"&$e "&+ !/"## !4e %- LE;! h"! #e+

*% )!e! "! !*"*)! &+$"*%! "&+ +!'#"! %& " "e* %- e)'/e&* "&+ &!*"##"*%&!.L"e


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3. PHOTO – DIDOE

A. OVERVIEW

A 'h%*%'h%*%&!?-"##! %& *he '& ()&$*%&, *he e&e ! /'"*e+ *he 'h%*%&! *% *he "*%/! & *he ()&$*%&.Th! ## $e"*e /%e -ee e#e$*%&! >"&+ /%e h%#e!?. The!e "++*%&"# -ee e#e$*%&! ##&$e"!e *he ee!e $)e&*. A! *he &*e&!* %- #h* &$+e&* %& *he '& ()&$*%& &$e"!e!,*he ee!e $)e&* "#!% &$e"!e!. I& %*he %+!, "! *he &$+e&* #h* &*e&!* &$e"!e!,*he e!!*"&$e %- *he +e$e >'h%*%


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The -)e !h%! *he "!$ 'h%*%? Whe& &% #h* ! &$+e&* %& *he '& ()&$*%& %- 'h%*%"&+ /%e h%#e!?. The!e "++*%&"# -ee e#e$*%&! ## &$e"!e *he ee!e$)e&*.

>? A! *he &*e&!* %- #h* &$e"!e!, *he ee!e $)e&* IR %e! %& &$e"!& *## * e$%/e! /"8/)/. Th! ! $"##e+ !"*)"*%& $)e&*.


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VALILA, MARY GRACE CATHERINE I.SEPTEMBER 7, 2015 BS ECE 3B

ENGR. SEVILLA TAUZON

=. APPLICATION

Thee "e " #"e &)/e %- "''#$"*%&! %- 'h%*%+%+e!. H%ee, e !h"## e *%"''#$"*%&! %- 'h%*%+%+e! " %- ##)!*"*%&.

>A? A#"/ $$)* )!& 'h%*%B? C%)&*e $$)* )!& 'h%*%


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4. TUNNEL DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

A *)&&e# +%+e ! " '& ()&$*%& *h"* e8h*! &e"*e e!!*"&$e e*ee& *% "#)e! %--%"+ %#*"e >.e., e*ee& 'e"


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INVENTOR9 OLEG LOSEV >1@27?, AMES BIAR; >1@1?, B





>? A! *he -%"+ %#*"e "$%!! *he *)&&e# +%+e ! &$e"!e+ -%/ 4e%, e#e$*%&! -%/*he &e%& *)&&e# *h%)h *he '%*e&*"# "e *% *he ' 0.7V?. I& *he e%& e*ee& 'e"


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Forward bias operation < U&+e &%/"# -%"+ "! %'e"*%&, "! %#*"e e&! *%&$e"!e, e#e$*%&! "* -!* *)&&e# *h%)h *he e &"% 'F& ()&$*%& "e, -##e+

e#e$*%& !*"*e! & *he $%&+)$*%& "&+ %& *he &

Reverse bias operation < Whe& )!e+ & *he ee!e +e$*%&, *)&&e# +%+e! "e $"##e+ "$ +%+e! >% "$"+ +%+e!? "&+ $"& "$* "! -"!* e$*-e! *h 4e% %--!e* %#*"e "&+e8*e/e #&e"* -% '%e !&"#! >*he h"e "& "$$)"*e !)"e #" $h""$*e!*$ & *heee!e +e$*%&?. U&+e ee!e "!, -##e+ !*"*e! %& *he '


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The *)&&e# +%+e ! #%!& $%)'#e+ *% " *)&"#e $"*. B )!& " !h%*, "&*e&&"-ee+ '%e '#"$e+ & *he $"* %-- $e&*e #%%!e $%)'#& ! "$hee+. T% &$e"!e *he!*"#* %- %!$##"*%& "&+ "$hee %J' '%e %e +e "&++*h #%%!e $%)'#& !)!e+. The "&e %- *he %)*')* '%e '%+)$e+ ! -e h)&+e+ /$%


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V""$*%! "e %'e"*e+ & " ee!e"&+ *h)! *he "&e %-

""#*?, hee"! /%!* %+&" +%+e -"$"*%& !*e! *%/&/4e *he $"'"$*"&$e.

The -)e !h%! "& e8"/'#e %- " $%!! !e$*%& %- " ""$*% *h *he +e'#e*%& #"e -%/e+ %- " PN ()&$*%&. Th! +e'#e*%&#"e $"& "#!% e /"+e %- " MOS % " S$h%** +%+e. Th! !

e /'%*"&* & CMOS "&+ MMIC *e$h&%#%.


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=. APPLICATION

T)&& $$)*!

Ge&e"## *he )!e %- " "$"' +%+e & " $$)* e)e! $%&&e$*& * *% " *)&e+ $$)*,)!)"## & '""##e# *h "& e8!*& $"'"$*"&$e % &+)$*"&$e. Be$")!e " ;C %#*"e /)!*

e "''#e+ ee!e "! "$%!! *he "$"' *% "#*e *! $"'"$*"&$e, *h! /)!* e #%$e+ -%/

e&*e& *he *)&e+ $$)*. Th! ! "$$%/'#!he+ '#"$& " ;C #%$& $"'"$*% *h "$"'"$*"&$e "%)* 100 */e! e"*e *h"& *he /"8/)/ $"'"$*"&$e %- *he "$"' +%+e &!ee! *h * "&+ "''#& *he ;C -%/ " hh /'e+"&$e !%)$e *% *he &%+e e*ee& *he

"$"' $"*h%+e "&+ *he #%$& $"'"$*%

S*$h&

S'e$"# *'e! %- "$"' +%+e e8h*& "& ")'* $h"&e & $"'"$*"&$e $"& %-*e& e-%)&+ & $%&!)/e e)'/e&* !)$h "! *e#e!%& *)&e!, h$h "e )!e+ *% !*$h "+%-e)e&$ !&"# '"*h!. Whe& & *he hh $"'"$*"&$e !*"*e, )!)"## *h #% % &% "!, *he 'e!e&* " #% /'e+"&$e '"*h *% R=, hee"! he& ee!e "!e+ *he $"'"$*"&$e ")'*# +e$e"!e! "&+ *he R= /'e+"&$e &$e"!e!. A#*h%)h *he "e !*## !#h*# $%&+)$*e *% *he

R= '"*h, *he "**e&)"*%& *he &*%+)$e +e$e"!e! *he )&"&*e+ !&"# *% "& "$$e'*"# #% #ee#. The "e %-*e& )!e+ & '"! *% !*$h e*ee& *% +--ee&* R= !%)$e! !)$h "! *he VH="&+ UH= "&+! & " *e#e!%& *)&e !)''#& *he/ *h $%/'#e/e&*" "! %#*"e!. The-%)*h +e$e -%/ *he #e-* & *he '$*)e "* *he he"+ %- *h! '"e ! %&e !)$h +e$e.


6. SCHOTTKY DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

A S$h%** +%+e, "#!% &%& "! h%* $"e +%+e, ! " /e*"#


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S$h%** "e +%+e ! "& e8*e&!%& %- *he %#+e!* !e/$%&+)$*% +e$e *h"* ! *he'%&* $%&*"$* +%+e.Hee,*he /e*"#

Wh#e !*"&+"+ !#$%& +%+e! h"e " -%"+ %#*"e +%' %- "%)* 0. V "&+e/"&)/ +%+e! 0.2 V, S$h%** +%+e!6 %#*"e +%' "* -%"+ "!e! %- "%)&+ 1/A ! & *he "&e %- 0.15 V *% 0. V >!ee *he 1N5D175 "&+ 1N5711 +"*"!hee*!-%)&+ %&e "* /"&)-"$*)e! e!*e!?, h$h /"e! *he/ )!e-)# & %#*"e $#"/'&


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"''#$"*%&! "&+ 'ee&*%& %- *"&!!*% !"*)"*%&. Th! ! +)e *% *he hhe $)e&*+e&!* & *he S$h%** +%+e.

Ree!e $)e&* "&+ +!$h"e '%*e$*%&

Be$")!e %- " S$h%** +%+e! #% -%"+ %#*"e +%', #e!! e&e ! "!*e+ "!he"* /"& *he/ *he /%!* e--$e&* $h%$e -% "''#$"*%&! !e&!*e *% e--$e&$. =%

&!*"&$e, *he "e )!e+ & !*"&+PV? !!*e/! *% 'ee&* "**ee! -%/ +!$h"& *h%)h *he !%#" '"&e#! "* &h*, $"##e+ #%$& +%+e!.The "e "#!% )!e+ & +%&e *'$"# -)&$*%& %- " +%+e?, )* */"e! *he PIN +%+e !)*"#e -% "**e&)"*%!, -"!* !*$he!, 'h%*%+e*e$*%!, "&+ hh

%#*"e '%e e#e$*%&$! "''#$"*%&!.



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A PIN +%+e %'e"*e! )&+e h"* ! &%& "! hh"#/%!* *he e&*e #e&*h? &*% *hee%&. Th! e#e$*$ -e#+ he#'! & !'ee+& )' %- *he *"&!'%* %- $h"e $"e! -%/ P *% Ne%&, h$h e!)#*! & -"!*e %'e"*%& %- *he +%+e, /"& * " !)*"#e +e$e -% hh-e)e&$ %'e"*%&!.

=. APPLICATION

RF and microwave switces

U&+e 4e% % ee!e "!, " PIN +%+e h"! " #% $"'"$*"&$e. The #% $"'"$*"&$e ## &%* '"!! /)$h %- "& R= !&"#. U&+e " -%"+ "! %- 1 /A, " *'$"#


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PIN +%+e ## h"e "& R= e!!*"&$e %- "%)* 1 %h/, /"& * " %%+ R= $%&+)$*%.C%&!e)e&*#, *he PIN +%+e /"e! " %%+ R= !*$h.

A#*h%)h R= e#"! $"& e )!e+ "! !*$he!, *he !*$h e !#%# >%& *he%+e %- 10 /##!e$%&+!?. A PIN +%+e !*$h $"& !*$h /)$h /%e )$# >e.., 1/$%!e$%&+?.

RF and microwave variable attenuators

B $h"&& *he "! $)e&* *h%)h " PIN +%+e, * ! '%!!#e *% )$# $h"&e *he R= e!!*"&$e.

A* hh -e)e&$e!, *he PIN +%+e "''e"! "! " e!!*% h%!e e!!*"&$e ! "&&e!e -)&$*%& %- *! -%"+ $)e&*. C%&!e)e&*#, PIN +%+e $"& e )!e+ & !%/e

""#e "**e&)"*% +e!&! "! "/'#*)+e /%+)#"*%! % %)*')* #ee#& $$)*!.

L/*e!

PIN +%+e! "e !%/e*/e! )!e+ "! &')* '%*e$*%& +e$e! -% hh -e)e&$

*e!* '%e!. I- *he &')* !&"# ! *h& "&e, *he PIN +%+e h"! #**#e /'"$* "! " !/"##$"'"$*"&$e. I- *he !&"# ! #"e, *he& *he PIN +%+e !*"*! *% $%&+)$* "&+ e$%/e! "e!!*% *h"* !h)&*! /%!* %- *he !&"# *% %)&+.


8. SHOCKLEY DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

The Sh%$#e +%+e ! " -%) #"e !e/$%&+)$*% +%+e h$h "! %&e %- *he -!*!e/$%&+)$*% +e$e! &e&*e+. I* "! " '&'& +%+e. I* ! e)"#e&* *% " *h!*% *h "+!$%&&e$*e+ "*e.

S/"## !&"# Sh%$#e +%+e! "e &% #%&e /"&)-"$*)e+, )* *he )&+e$*%&"#*h!*% e"%e +%+e, "#!% &%& "! *he +&!*%, ! " -)&$*%&"## e)"#e&* '%e+e$e.

INVENTOR9 WALTER SHOC:LEY



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E"$h !h%$#e +%+e h"! h"* ! $"##e+ "& &heee&* *e %#*"e. Whe& *he +%+ee$ee! " %#*"e "$%!! *! *e/&"# e#% *he *e %#*"e, *he +e$e ! & *! %-- !*"*e"&+ *he +%+e e8h*! " e hh e!!*"&$e. B)* he& *he "''#e+ %#*"e e8$ee+! *he*e "#)e, *he !h%$#e +%+e ## e !*$he+ %& "&+ *he e!!*"&$e ## +%' *% "&e8*e/e# #% "#)e. T'$"##, *he %& e!!*"&$e %- " +%+e ! ()!* " -e %h/!. Th! !!&-$"&*# #%e *h"& *he -%"+


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O&e $%//%& "''#$"*%& %- *he Sh%$#e +%+e ! "! " *e !*$h -% "& SCR. The$$)* ! !h%& & -)e. Whe& *he $$)* ! e&e4e+, *he $"'"$*% ## !*"* e**&$h"e+ "&+ ee&*)"##, *he %#*"e "$%!! *he $"'"$*% ## e !)--$e&*# hh *% -!**)&IMP"$* %&4"*%& A"#"&$he T"&!*


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I- " -ee e#e$*%& *h !)--$e&* e&e !*e! " !#$%& "*%/, * $"& e" *he $%"#e&* %&+ %- !#$%& "&+ #e"*e "& e#e$*%& -%/ *he $%"#e&* %&+. I- *he e#e$*%& #e"*e+"&! e&e e& & "& e#e$*$ -e#+ "&+ #e"*e! %*he e#e$*%&! -%/ %*he $%"#e&*

%&+! *he& *h! '%$e!! $"& $"!$"+e e )$# &*% " $h"& e"$*%& '%+)$& " #"e&)/e %- e#e$*%&! "&+ " #"e $)e&* -#%. Th! 'he&%/e&%& ! $"##e+ /'"$* ""#"&$he.

A* e"+%&, *he & F e%& ! ')&$he+ *h%)h "&+ -%/! *he ""#"&$he e%& %- *he+%+e. The hh e!!** e%& ! *he +-* 4%&e *h%)h h$h *he ""#"&$he e&e"*e+e#e$*%&! /%e *%"+ *he "&%+e.

=. APPLICATION

IMPATT +%+e! "e +e"# hee !/"## $%!* e--e$*e /$%"e "+% !%)$e! "e&ee+e+. The /"& +""$ %- e&e"*%! )!& IMPATT +%+e! ! *he hh #ee# %- 'h"!e&%!e *he e&e"*e. Th! e!)#*! -%/ *he !*"*!*$"# &"*)e %- *he ""#"&$he '%$e!! *h"* ! e


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*% *he %'e"*%&. Nee*he#e!! *he!e +%+e! /"e e8$e##e&* !&"# !%)$e! -% /"& R=/$%"e "''#$"*%&!.

T'$"## *he +e$e ! )!e+ & " &)/e %- "''#$"*%&! &$#)+&9

• A#"/!

• R"+"

• ;e*e$*%! )!& R= *e$h&%#%


1!. CONSTANT CURRENT DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

C%&!*"&*


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VALILA, MARY GRACE CATHERINE I. SEPTEMBER 7, 2015

BS ECE 3B ENGR. SEVILLA TAUZON


The!e +%+e! $%&!!*! %- " &


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'e-%/"&$e e"+& +&"/$ "&+ /'e+"&$e *e/'e"*)e +-*. S%/e e8"/'#e! %- +e$e!)!& $)e&* #/*& +%+e! "e "e-%/ e&e"*% $$)*!, */& $$)*! "&+ "**e $h"e!. C)e&* #/*& +%+e! $"& "#!% e -%)&+ "! " $%&!*"&* $)e&* !%)$e -% +&LE;! "&+ $"& e )!e+ & %+e *% e'#"$e h%#+& $%#! & *e#e'h%&e $%&&e$*%& +e$e!.


11. STEP RECOVERY DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

The !*e' e$%e +%+e % SR; ! " -%/ %- !e/$%&+)$*% +%+e *h"* $"& e )!e+ "! "$h"e $%&*%##e+ !*$h "&+ * h"! *he "#* *% e&e"*e e !h"' ')#!e!. I& e %- *!/e*h%+ %- %'e"*%&, * ! "#!% $"##e+ *he S&"'


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=. APPLICATION

The !*e' e$%e +%+e, SR; -&+! " &)/e %- "''#$"*%&! & $$)*! &$#)+&h"/%&$ e&e"*%& % h"/%&$ /)#*'#e! "&+ "#!% -% ')#!e !h"'&.

A#*h%)h &%* +e# )!e+ *he!e +"!, *he SR; $"& !*## e )!e+ & " &)/e %-

"''#$"*%&! hee %*he "''%"$he! /" &%* e "! !)*"#e.


12. LASER DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

A #"!e +%+e, % L;, ! "& e#e$*$"## ')/'e+ !e/$%&+)$*% #"!e & h$h *he "$*e#"!e /e+)/ ! -%/e+ " '


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A #"!e +%+e ! e#e$*$"## " Pe#e$*%&! "&+ h%#e!? "e ')/'e+ &*% *h"* e%& -%/*he N "&+ P e%&! e!'e$*e#. Wh#e &*"# +%+e #"!e e!e"$h "! $%&+)$*e+ %& !/'#eP


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#"!e!, *'$"## e+ )* #"*e "#!% ee&, "e $%//%& "! #"!e '%&*e!. B%*h #% "&+ hh<'%e +%+e! "e )!e+ e8*e&!e# & *he '&*& &+)!* %*h "! #h* !%)$e! -% !$"&&&>&')*? %- /"e! "&+ -% e hh

e )!e+ & " e"* /"& -e#+!K !&$e #h* h"! /"& +--ee&* '%'e*e! >'%e, "e#e&*h,!'e$*"# "&+ e"/ )"#*, '%#"4"*%&, e*$.? * ! )!e-)# *% $#"!!- "''#$"*%&! *he!e

"!$ '%'e*e!.


13. GUNN DIODE

A. OVERVIEW

A G)&& +%+e, "#!% &%& "! " *"&!-ee+ e#e$*%& +e$e >TE;?, ! " -%/ %- +%+e, "*%


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*! $)e&*


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=. APPLICATION

Se&!%! "&+ /e"!)& &!*)/e&*!

G)&& +%+e %!$##"*%! "e )!e+ *% e&e"*e /$%"e '%e -%9 "%&e$%##!%& "%+"&$e "+", "&*

R"+% "/"*e) )!e

B *)e %- *he #% %#*"e %'e"*%&, G)&& +%+e! $"& !ee "! /$%"e-e)e&$ e&e"*%! -% e #% '%ee+ >-e

13 special diodes

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