13.1 – kingdom protista. kingdom protista characteristics: eukaryotes unicellular and...
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13.1 – Kingdom Protista
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Kingdom ProtistaKingdom ProtistaCharacteristics:EukaryotesUnicellular and multicellular
organismsConsidered “left-overs” of
organisms:◦Consist of eukaryotic organisms that
do not fit into Kingdom Fungi, Animalia or Plantae
◦Protists are not animals, plants or fungi
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ClassificationClassificationKingdom Protista consists of diverse
species that share similarities with other 3 kingdoms but do not meet all the requirements to fit into those kingdoms
Classifying protists is extremely difficult as there is more than 1 accepted way of separating them
General method is classifying protists by their nutritional patterns:◦ Animal-like protists◦ Plant-like protists◦ Fungi-like protists
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Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like ProtistsReferred to as protozoansProtozoans are
◦Unicellular organisms◦Heterotrophs - they eat or ingest
materials from their surroundingsProtozoans are not categorized
into a taxonomic group. This is a term used to describe animal-like protists that may be distantly related but share a set of characteristics.
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Types of ProtozoansTypes of ProtozoansProtozoans are described and grouped
according to their method of movement.Heterotrophs – ingest small food particles
and digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes
Do not have a cell wall
4 ways to describe a protozoan:ZooflagellateAmoebaCiliateSporozoan
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ZooflagellatesZooflagellates
Possess 1 or more whip-like structures called flagella
Flagella help with movement of the protist in water
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CiliatesCiliatesCiliates are aquatic
protists covered with cilia
Cilia – hair-like projections that assist protists with movement in water and with gathering food
Watch video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Paed6uTdpQA
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AmoebaAmoebaNo particular body shapeCreate pseudopods – temporary
projections of cytoplasmPseudopods help protist to move and
feed on other organisms
Watch Amoeba Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6rnhiMxtKU&feature=related
• Intake food through process of endocytosis – engulf organism and form food vacuole
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SporozoansSporozoansNon-motile protistsProduce spores during
reproduction
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Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like ProtistsPlant-like protists are those that
resemble plants because they are photoautotrophs.
They contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis
Unicellular or multicellular protistsSome plant-like protists have cell walls made up of polysaccharides and others do not have cell walls
Types:EuglenoidsAlgae
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EuglenoidEuglenoidUnicellularContains flagella
for movementPhotoautotroph
during the day – undergoes photosynthesis
Heterotroph at night – feeds on dead organisms
Question: Why can euglenoids not be classified in Kingdom Plantae?
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AlgaeAlgaeUnicellular or
multicellular
Photoautotrophs – have chloroplast and carry out photosynthesis
6 different groups of algae
Question: Since most algae are aquatic, provide a reason why algae are “plant-like” and not plants?
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ReproductionReproductionAnimal-like and plant-like protists can
reproduce sexually and asexually.
Asexual ReproductionProtists reproduce by binary fission.
1 parent cell divides to produce 2 identical daughter cells
Sexual ReproductionOther protists can reproduce by
conjugation. Mates exhange DNA.
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ReproductionReproduction
Binary Fission Conjugation
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ConjugationConjugation
Question: As a eukaryotic cell, how would conjugation be more challenging vs prokaryotic cells undergoing conjugation?
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Protists in our Everyday Protists in our Everyday LivesLivesParasitic protists can cause diseases when it they come into contact with the human body◦Example: malaria, sleeping sickness,
dysenteryAlgae
◦Food indusry Seaweed can be eaten. Example: sushi Used as food additives in the manufacturing
of food products. Example: beta-carotene◦Medicine
Used for curing arthritis, influenza, tuberculosis