13.3 river valleys. river valleys rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via...

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Chapter 13 13.3 River Valleys

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Page 1: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Chapter 1313.3 River Valleys

Page 2: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

River ValleysRain may form a small

valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion

Form in wet areasStream cuts a gully

and may disappearEach rain increases

LengthWidthDepth of River

Page 3: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Headward Erosion

is demonstrated in this 1906 photo taken near Mount Tamalpais in Marin County, California. Groundwater sapping is causing this gully to lengthen up the slope.

Page 4: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 5: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Permanent RiverStream cuts down

deep enough to become permanent

If tributaries become permanent, then river system is born

Page 6: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Canyons and V shaped ValleysRiver Valley Canyon

Page 7: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Canyons, Gorges and ChasmsVery Steep almost

Vertical sidesRegions of less rainfallForm 2 ways:

Lack of rainfallErosion resistant

rocksFormation Factors:

Type of rockAmount of waterSediment in riverClimate of region

Page 8: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Gorge

Page 9: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Young ValleyV-shaped ValleysYoung RiverRiver cuts down into

channelUpper valley walls

widened by erosion

Page 10: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Old ValleyU-Shaped ValleyLess erosion of bedMore erosion of

channel sidesWide valley, broad

floor, gently sloping sides

Page 11: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Base LevelStream cannot erode

bed lower than body of water it flows into

Sea level is ultimate base level

Page 12: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Stream Piracy or stream capture

Headward erosion cuts through divide

One river captures or “pirates” the headwaters of another river

River grows largerExpands drainage basinFormation process of

great river systemsMississippi, Nile,

Ganges, etc.

Page 13: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

RapidsSteep riverbedWater velocity is fastForms white-water

rapids

Page 14: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Rapids

Page 15: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

WaterfallWater flows over

hard rockErodes softer rock

belowFalls are temporary

Undermines rock above leaving overhang

Overhang breaks offWaterfall recedes

upstream

Page 16: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully

Worlds Best WaterFalls

Page 17: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 18: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 19: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 20: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 21: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 22: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 23: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 24: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 25: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 26: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 27: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully
Page 28: 13.3 River Valleys. River Valleys Rain may form a small valley in soft bedrock on hill slope via headwater erosion Form in wet areas Stream cuts a gully