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RECORD CF Correepcnden.-e, Reports Doc-a:lents. Ttlei-flont Con---s7sations, Oral Interviews and ronversations

. CC-2-34,030 FM Le Farvty O.Twald

Assassination of President • . . • -

Date & Time Received, 12-9-63

Received by: . . • • eed . . •

Received front

. . or ients • (Frier sumrary of Domment . . conversation, etc.)

. ... 6 A • 1-` .

Lee.. H.

$ O.11.111

. , . .

. . . . .

.. • - . i ;. . - . . .

6 rritOat : /41-1- le.. ..r . en, O r le_ci.V1 $ N '

. HAL Now Orleans 12-3-63 (22 . . _

pages) . .

. .. . investigation conducted

• . . .

• .. .1.•

Book of Guns" .

by Bringuier & G4raci _ by Alba 21575 (NO Pubi Serv)

86019 (NOYSI) against Cuba

(Dallas) • A. J. Hidell rat add Box 877 Austin

Drums of War (Dallas) Lee Harvey Oswald James Abner Haydel

record '17'7' 6--frihr .0-- -43 r" 531` tY 4 72; e..,, 8.6.1...,:,..,....f.

4 X d i tO fr.,

-.L4p.....; . 3 bi r 0 y*ed ie. ,‘ 17 r 5(1,1/4o IVO:4'44 1"F i'-'l ..61e.e._

List ofIfembers , FPC

. . ' ... Summarizing much of the

: by the NO office • . .

. Attachments: • • : 'Retail Credit Report ..• Application far Employment

• - Covers of "The Shooters'

• Copy of receipt signed Copy of statement signed Photostat of Service No.

...

Photos, of Remove ORDER ' Basic Pamphlets -Crime ' . . 1-4•Lit. List - Prices - FPCC

FPCC appl. form stamped • ii• Winduw envelope bearing *Pamphlet of FPCC entitled

Photos . fingerprint card Photos, fingerprint card

• FBI transcript of crier 4 PVcpy ,i t e /.4 0 A t m• . ici t4 X /.--ar...., cHid

.4-4,-i-it' 04-44 -"' e 5 chig /4— 3- 0 a.'ra ...,_,:e. ffee ,i7 y.,. .„..,....7 f.., c./.2t;.,,,— 13 I f.1 . 01-

, r £t dItici(coi PoAe..., 1..... ICA ea' (..

Informatior Passed for Acticr to • .

'

Alf5 A. ri fry I- /re it ; te1(,-- --'d

No Acti cn Necessary E---- •

UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE • TREASURrDEPAhTMENT

.

ror/r, Nt,";. ] Vft (M.45.1) gooarraycsrusT

OMCM OFFICE FTPLD New Orleans, La. C0 -/ -3/1 030 FILE HO.

rasoFoue Assassination of the President

lUVLSTIGATION MADE AT

Nevi, Orleans, La.

STATUS

Investigation Continued PERIOD COVERED

November 22, 1963 December 2, 1963

TITLE OR CAPTION

Assassination of President John F. Kennedy

Lee Harvey Oswald 1MTSTMATIONMAEMBY

SAts A. G. Vial; Anthony E. Gerrets; Roger Counts, and SAIC John W* Rice

WAILS

SYNOPSIS

As best as can be determined at the present time, Lee Harvey Oswald arrived•in New Orleans from Texas on . 4/26/63.. During the course of the investigation, various relatives of tIllIsubject were interviewed as were a former employerPI4M. B. Roily Coffee Co.t Inc. and employees of this company.

A. former schoolmate of the subject was interviewed in addition to a number of people who came into contact with him..

Checks were made with the Ret,3.l.ers Commercial Agency,60 inc. in6he namm, Lee Harve, swaldt A. J. Hidell, Alek or AlexuHidell,uPair Play for Cuba and other names. Only ffie subject was of record. A check was made at the New Orleans Public Service in the names, Lee Harvey Oswald, A. J. Hidell, Alek or Alex Well and Fair Play for Cuba. Only Oswald was of record atv4907 Magazine St., City.

A eheck lWas also made at the New Orleans Better Business ' Bureau in the various names with negative results.

The New Orleans Office, La. State Unemployment Agency, furnished records to this office through the local FBI Office with reference to a claim filed by Oswald against

• the State of Texas.

, • •

Other agents of this office are in the process of preparing • ,reports as to investigation as conducted by them.

DISTRIBUTION

12Iate1

Dallas San Antonio New York Newark

ex

COPIES

Orig. & 2 w/attach. 2 ccis w/ 1 cc:, 1 cc 1 cc •

aroopaiwwesv

cos DATE

12/3/63 SPECAL AGENT

Termvg, 401 DATE

12/3/63 simmAamrmaum

CC ftla 14 4111114441

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Page 2 CO-2-34/030 November 30, 1963

At 1:00 A. M. on 11-23-63 called the First District, NOPD, and attempted to contact Lt. W. Gaillot, ?tn. F. Hayward, or Ptn. F. Wilson, as they had arrested Lee Harvey Oswald on 8-9-63. None of them was available for interview. Desk Sgt. Roger Bacon, First District, advised that Oswald had been interviewed by Lt. Nartello, who was formerly assigned to the Intelligence Unit, NOPD, but who was then assigned to the First District. Further, that Lt..Martello had gone off duty at 11:00 P. M., 11-22-63, and could:probably be contacted at his home, telephone number UN 1-9397.

A phone call was made to Lt. Eartellois home but he was not available. At 2:30 A. M. another phone call was made to Lt. Martello's home and he furnished the following • information:

He had interviewed Oswald either on a Saturday or Sunday morning with reference to Oswald's arrest on 8-9-63. Oswald had furnished his date of birth as 10-18-38; said he had served three years in the U. S. Marine Cor s and claimed he received an honorable discharge on 17-59 at the Marine Air Station, 1 Toro, Santa Anna, Calif. Oswald had stated was married to the former Marino ossa but later said his wife's name was Marino irossakaya and that she was an alien M-1. He said he and his wife had one child, June Lee Oswald, 17 month of age, and they had been living at 4907 Magazine .St., New Orleans, for about fse months. Prior to coming to New Orleans, Oswald claimed he had lived at 4709 Mercedes St., Ft. Worth, Texas. . Oswald claimed his mother's name was Margaret Oswald, address not known, and that . )44..s father was Robert Lee Oswald, deceased. He said he had two brothers, Robert 40swald who lived in Ft. Worth, Texas, and'John Oswald, who lived in Arlington, Texas.

44 Oswald claimed he had attended the Beauregard School, New Orleans; Warren Easton Hi h School, New Orleans; and a grawar school, Riegiala-West, in Ft. Worth.' He nished his Social Security No. aii.L33-:5!13,,-97and his Selective Service No. as 141-1312----°.392- Oswald claimed he had become interested in Fair Play for Cuba organiiation in Los Angeles, California, during 1958% while he was in the U. S. Marine Corps. In ad- . dition, Oswald had claimed there were about 35 members of the Fair Play for Cuba organization in New Orleans at the time, but declined to furnish any names, • . Lt. Martello said that at the time of Oswald's arrest, he had various pamphlets in his possession and these had been kept by Lt. Martello.' He said he would turn them over to this office if we so desired. He also stated that before being transferred to the First District, he had been assigned to the Intelligence Division, NOPD, for about two years and that during this time he became familiar with various Communist front organizations.

He said that an addre in the 1100‘.ock of Pine St., New Orleans, seemed to be the center of activity New Orleans for various Communistic type front organizations. He said that a..Dr. eissman, a professor at Tulane University, lived at the Pine St. address where 'nei-'151B-1013E12gs were held. He said he had learned from one of his .

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Page 3 co-2-,34,030 November 30, 1963

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sources that .Dr. James cmbroski was seen on several occasions at the home of Dr. 1 Reissman and a t.e home of a neighbor of Dr. Reissman, name unknown, who is also

supposed to be a professor at Tulane. University. Dr. Reissman, the unknown professor, and Dr. Dombroski were all said to be active in the integration movement in New Orlean Dr. Dombroski s said to have migrated to the United States from Poland. In 1956 Senator Eas and had held hearings in New Orley, s and d ing these hearings a nerson

• ??"

named Paul much had allegedly identified . Dombr ed. as a top member of the Com-munist Party in the South, along with Myles Horton, t. Eagle Folk School, Mt. Eagle, Tenn.

Lt. Martello said he had asked Oswald where meetings for members of the Fair Play for Cuba organization were held and Oswald had replied at various places in New Orleans. He said he had asked him if any of the meetings were held on Pine St. and Oswald had replied in the affirmative. He said he had asked him if he was acquainted, with Dr. Reissman and Oswald replied he was. He said he had also asked him if he knew Dr. Dombroski and Oswald evaded the question and never did answer it. He said although Oswald refused to furnish the names of any of the 35 members of the Fair Play for Cuba group in New Orleans, Oswald had admitted that this group met about once each month.

Martello said there was a group in New Orleans organized under the name of the Sew Orleans Couneil_fer—PeAceful AlternatpA, and that Reissarfwas affiliated with

' ITU.IT•oup, as were two attorneys, Ben E. Smith and Bruce CAlaltzer, Waltzeybeing a law partner of Smith. Further, that when Dr. Dombroski appeared before the Eastland Committee in New Orleans in 1956, Bruce C. Waltzer represented Dombroski. Lt. Martello recalled that when Oswald was arrested on 8-9r3', Oswald's aunt, name and address not recalled, later determined to be 1.;rs. John Aurrett, 757 French St., New Orleans, had called at the First District Police Station to inquire as to the reason for his arrest and after being informed that he had been distributing literature i which was Pro-Castro, she refused to assist Oswald in any way. • This same aunt had told Lt. Martello that Oswald had married a Russian girl after he had defected to Russia. As a result of the information furnished by the aunt, Lt. Martello said he had re-interviewed Oswald while he was still in Jail and obtained the following information:

Inc., 640 Magazine St., Mew Orleans. He claimed to have worked on heavy machinery. Oswald said he ma

an e 860 per week and said that he started work at the canparky in Id

Nay, 1963, d ad worked until Jay 17, 1963. He claimed that prior to that he had ' worked at the ackson Brewing Co., New Orleans, for one and one-half months.

..- - . • ' He said Oswald had told him that his aunt, Mrs. John Murrett, was'related to a local

New Orleans politician, the name of this person not recalled.

401

Oswald was a Lutheran by religion and he worked afthe William B. Reily Coffee Co.,

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Page 4 ' CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

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Lt. Martello said Oswald spoke about his ideolo3ical beliefs and made the remark he did not believe in free enterprise. lie said he asked him if he believed in Com-

munism, but Oswald laughed and said he did not 3o for that. He said he asked him

what he did believe and Oswald replied that Kruschev was just like the politicians

in America. He said Oswald told him that he had been very much impressed with the Russian system of Government but that the people in power there'were nothing but politicians.

Lt. Martello was told that when time permitted, someone from our office would per-

sonally interview him at which time the literature which had been seized from Oswald

would be picked up.

Shortly after the phone conversation with Lt. Martello, Si Anthony E. Garrets, New

Orleans, made a LD phone call to SA Robert Steuart, Dallas. SA,Nax Phillips, who was

then in the Dallas Office, listened to the phone conversation. Information developed

by us was furnished SAls Steuart and Phillips. On the morning of Saturday, 11-23-63, called at the ifilliam B. Reily Coffee Co., Inc., 640 Magazine St., New Orleans, and jointly interviewed Mr. William I. Monahan,4

Vice President in charge of finance, and Mr. William B. Reily III; Vice President in

charge of operations. Neither remembered Lee Harvey Oswald. They furnished the employment file with reference to Oswald which contained the following listed items: Retail Credit Company - Character - Financial Report Application for Employment Both w e phoj,ostated and copied were obta ed for our use. The Retail Credit Company - Character - Financial Report under Item 27, reflects as

follows:

"1. Lee Harvey Oswald. is employed as a Maintenance Man for the Standard Coffee Company, and has been so engaged in this occupation for the past one week, and enjoys a favorable business reputation. Previous to this, he was in the U. S. Marines for some three years. He enjoys a favorable business reputation, and his prospects for the future appear to be favorable. (The Standard Coffee Company is a branch of the William B. Reily Coffee Co.,'Inc.) FINANCES: His present and past financial standing is good, and he is regarded as an individual who lives within his means. Learned of no illiness or physical impairments that might affect his earning capacity. CHARACTER HOME SURROUNDINGS: His character, habits, and Morals are good, and he is known to keep good associates, and well regarded. He resides with his wife and child. They live in a middle class residential section with frame homes that are well kept, and living conditions are adequate. Stability and class of residencts is this section is good." . .

407

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Page 5 . • c0,2-34,030 • November 30, 1963 On the Application for Employment form, it reflects that Lee Harvey Oswald, Social

Security I.To. 433-54-3937, 757 French St., telephone number HU 8-4326, attended7-..ca-4

Bard Grammar School and Warren Easton High School, New Orleans, graduating fromWarl

Easton in 1959. On the reverse of the application it reflects that from 1959 to 1963 he was in the

U. S. Marine Corps and prior to 1959 in school. Under Personal Character Reference, he listed the following names: John Murrett, pharmacist, 757 French St., HU 8-4326 W. S. Oswald, retired, 138 Elmeer St., VE 5-7869

The pve is lined through, and the following name inserted

S . Robt idell active dut USMC , Lieut.

Both forms have been photostated and they are listed as attachments to this report,

as well as Form 14-4, Employee's Withholding Exemption Certificate, dated 5-10-63,' and'

a form, Safety Instructions to Employees, dated 5-21-63, signed by Lee Harvey Oswald.

Records of the Reily Co. reflected that a William Stoutgswald, 70Aivision St.,

Metairie, La.4 a teacher at Metairie Gramr4r School, had been employed by the Reily

Co.1 the previous two summers as a route salesman. Various papers pertaining.to his

employment with the company were photostated and photostats furnished this office.

They can be referred to for details .

.

Further, that ;Robert Oswald, swald, 811 Giuffrias Ave., hetairie, employed by J. J. Krebs &

Sons, Surveyors, a brother ofWilllam Stout Oswald, had signed a Standard Coffee

Company, Inc., Employee's Bond, on 4-23-63, as surety for William Stout Oswald. Mr. Monahan, a rmer FBI Agent, stated that Jules J. Oswald, 8908 jestgate, Metaizle--,..

home phone 721-4340, had been employed by the-company for the ii-gr, to years in the IBH

Department and that Mr. Oswald had been attending a school in New York and should

have returned to New Orleans on than' ht of 11-22-63. It was learned that Charles Joseph LeBlanc, maintenance man and Oswald's supervisor,

William B. Reily Coffee Co., Inc., worked D6 some extent with Lee Harvey Oswald. He

was interviewed on 11-23-63 and stated the subject was very arrogant, did not'do his

work properly, and never associated with any of his fellow employees. According to

Mr. LeBlanc, during coffee breaks employees of the coffee company would usually go to

the Crescent City Garage, which is located next to the coffee company. He said

Oswald would also go but all he ever saw him -do was to read the gun magazines at the

Crescent City Garage. It was learned that Mr. E. C. Barbe, Jr. was one of Oswala's supervisors at the coffee

company. He was interviewed and he said7that in connection with his duties, Oswald

was required to keep written records in their Oil and Grease Maintenalce Book. From

this book he obtained and furnished the writer with seven pages of handwriting and

handprinting of Oswald.

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swald - Deceased ee •sw- "d

Deceased since 1939 (father of Lee Harvey) arvey • aald - Deceased for past five years omas, sw a Deceased

.William S.

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Page 6 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

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Mr. Barbs said that Oswald was an unsatisfactory employee and after reviewing the reports written by Oswald, he had concluded that Oswald was a "nut" as the reports did{

not make sense to him, Mr. Barbe. He also stated that during coffee breaks Oswald usually went to the Crescent City Garage.

,Adrian loa, part owner and operator of the Crescent City Garage, 6184azine St 7.›

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Orleans, is well known to this office as the offi-dial cars of the office are. stored at the Crescent City Garage. On the,morning of 11-23-63 called at the garage to interview Mr. Alba. He was not available. He was contacted at his home by telephone and he stated that he remembered

Oswald primarily because he, Mr. Alba, is a gun collector and Oswald always expressed interest in guns. In the office of the Crescent City Garage, Mr. Alba keeps a supply of gun magazines and sporting magazines such as Field and Stream, Outdoor Life, etc. Also, The Shooters' Book of Guns. He gave me permission to take two of the gun magazines. He said he recalled that during the time Oswald visited the Crescent City Garage, he, Mr. Alba, had a 6.5 millimeter rifle of Japanese make and .3U caliber Springfield rifle at the garage and

that Oswald had handled both guns. Mr. Alba was requested to call at our office on Monday, 11-25-63, for further interview. SA. Gerrets interviewed Mr. Arthur Bero, Supervisor of Investigations, Immigration and Naturalization Service, New Orleans, on 11-23-63. The complete results of the interview

will be set forth in a report to be submitted by SA Gerrets. During thi t view SA Gerrets had determined that Lee Harvey Oswald had been as- signed FBI T1o. 327 925 D and that his fingerprints had been contributed by the U. S. Marine Corps on 10-24-56 under the name of Lee Harvey Oswald. This information, along

with other information, was furnished SA Steuart, Dallas, by LD phone at 12:35 P. M. on 11-23-63.

• On 11-23-63 contacted Jules J. Oswald by telephone. He said that he was not related to Lee Harvey Oswald as car as he knew. He said he had never met him nor had he known Oswald was employed lay the William B. Reify Coffee Co., Inc. Mr. Oswald said he had returned to New Orleans from New York on"Saturday morning, 11-23-63, by Delta Air-

lines Flight #9. He also stated he was not related to, nor did he know, William .Stout Oswald. On 11-4703 by.telephone contacted Mrs. Hazel swald, 13Rimeer Place, Metairie, La.x phone.11,°5-7869. She stated that IthlIlam Stout Oswald, now oeceaseu,_wno iormeaY lived at 136 Elmeer Place, d four sons, named as follows:

F;;`!: ■ •••■•■;.:1/4.,' 7.; !•:•:• ••4 `

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Page 7 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

Vro. Oswald said she was married to '::illiam S. ( swald and was his second wife. 3y

-his previous wife, he ha two sons,'::orman A nctswald yho lives at 706 Division Stj.,

Notairi. and William Scswald, Jr, who ives at 1367'Elmeer Place, r,etairie, with

ler. She said this William S. Oswald is partially paralyzed and has never been in

the military service. She said she had last seen Lee Harvey-Oswald in Nay, 1963. She related that she

had received a phone call from him and he had asked her how he could contact Harvey

Oswald. She said he did.not know that his uncles, William S. Oswald, Harvey Oswald,

and Thomas Oswald had passed away. She said he finally asked her who she was, and she

told him she was the second wife of his uncle, William S. Oswald,

She told Harvey that she had a large, framed picture of his father and that he could

have the picture if he wanted it. She said the same day he came to the house to get.

. the picture and he had stayed about 45 minutes. She said he was alone at the time

and he told her his wife was in Texas and he had come to New Orleans to look for a

jobs. She said he had mentioned that he was a photographer or was interested in getting

a job in the photography field. He had also mentioned that he was staying with an

aunt, his mother's sister, name of the aunt not recalled by Mrs. Oswald.

Mrs. Oswald said she had received a phone call from Lee Harvey's mother, ...Largliesit..11...

when he, Lee, was 14 years of age and that Marguerite was seeking information con-

cerning the obtaining of assistance from the VA for Lee Harvey. As she recalled,

Marguerite and Lee Harvey had come to New Orleans from New York and Mrs. Oswald

subsequently went to work at Bert's Shoe Store in New Orleans, probably as a saleslady.

Mrs. Oswald said she knew that Lee Harvey had defected to Russia and had subsequently

returned to the United States, but she did not mention this to him for the reason

she did not want to embarrass him. She described him as a peculiar sort of person and

She said she never saw him after this one occasion. On the morning of 11-23-63 contacted William Stout Oswald, 705 Division St., Metairie,'

by phone and requested that he call at the office for interview. He was interviewed

later the same date at the office. He is a W; N; 27; DOB 11-6-35; 5-7; 153; rust

colored hair; single; a college graduate; and is employed as a teacher at the Metairie

High School. He stated that although Harvey Lee Oswald is said to be his second

cousin, he had never met him nor had he known that Harvey was also employed by the

William B. Reily Coffee Co, during part of the same time that he was employed there.

He explained that the Standard Coffee Co. was a branch of the Reily Co. and that the

Standard Coffee Co. was the sales branch of the Reily Coffee Co. He said he had been'

employed as a route salesMan for the company and never had any reason to go to the

main office, William B. Reily. On his application form, William had given the names of the following persons as .

references, He said he had been recommended for employment by the company by Henry

Davis, who is st13,1remployed there.

0/ .41

*Henry ro s, Auditor, 2723 avid Drive, Aetairie/La. en, teacher, 58 40eirie Court /4,4( '

Jacob oppe, Engineer, 5104ayflower Drive, Metairie

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CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963 As Henry Davis had accompanied William to the office, he was interviewed on 11-23-63

- He said he did not, know Harvey Lee Oswald even though both were employed by the s=e

company. He was unable to furnish any information of value. • Davis is a W; M; 28; 5-7; 150; ruddy complexion; dark hair." He said he had been

employed by the Standard Coffee Co. for the past five years. On 11-23-63 received a phone call from Lt. Martello, New Orleans PD. He said he

could not remember the name of:Oswald's aunt who had visited Oswald at the First

District, NOPD, but. he did remember that he had furnished the woman's name to the FBI

Also, that he had been interviewed by an FBI agent on or about 8-9-63 and at that

time he had given the agent some of the literature that'had been seized-from Oswald

as well as cardboard signs that Oswald had been carrying at the time of his arrest

on 8-9-63. Later during the day a telephone call was received from Mrs. Hazel Oswald. She said

that Oswald's mother's maiden name was Claverie; that she did not know the nave of

Mrs. Oswald's first husband and that her second husband was Lee's father. She said

that Lee's father died in August, 1939, and Lee was born in October, 1939. After the

death of the father, the family moved to New York. When Lee and his mother returned

to New Orleans a number of years later, about 14, Lee's mother contacted Hazel and said

she had returned to New Orleans because Lee did not like New York. •

She said that as far as she knew, Lee's mother,was supposed to be living in Arlington,

Texas, a suburb of Ft. Worth, and she was allegedly employed as a practical nurse. She

said that Lee's mother had several sisters living in New Orleans but that she did not

know the names of any of the sisters. On 11-23-63 a LD phone call was received from SA Steuart, Dallas, and he advised that

Oswald was related to the following-named persons in New Orleans:. Marx iurrett a school teacher who was the daughter of a sister of Oswald

a Jesuit Priest professional baseball player rle .durrett, dentist

SA Steuart requested that the above named people be interviewed if they could be

located, He was informed that this family apparently lived at 757 French St., New

Orleans. This was known for the reason that Lee Harvey had furnished for reference

purposes the name John Murrett, 757 French St. ' On 11-23-63 called at the above address and interviewed Mr. Charles (Dutz) Murrett,

his wife, and their daughter, Marilyn. Mrs. Murrett said she was the sister of Lee

Harvey Oswald's mother. She said in addition to Maril , she had a son, Jean Murrett,

a graduate of Loyola University, New Orleans, w is ow study'urrett an ex-professional base-

ball for the priesthood

or,/in

at a seminary in Mobile, Alabama, a son, Jo oogie ,i ball player, now married and living at 46624Louis XIV St., .dew Orleans. and Dr.

Charles Murrett, a dentist, who practices in St. Bernard Parish. •

407

ett eur

Page 9 • CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963 Mrs. Murrett said that on an unkno:.•n date in May, 1963, she had received a phone

call from Lee Harvey Oswald. He said he was calling from the bus station in New

Orleans and that he was in New Orleans to look for work. He asked Mrs. Murrett if

he could stay with them -a few days until he fount a job and a place to live. She

said she told him it would be all right for him to. stay with them and subject came

to the house the same date at which time he was alone. Upon arriving at the house

he told them he was married and that he had a wife and child and that the wife and

child would join him later after he got settled. Mrs. Murrett said each morning the subject would leave the house and apparently he

looked for work. He would return about the same time each afternoon. After living

with them for several days, he told them he had found a job at the Reily Coffee Co.

She said that either on a Saturday or a Sunday afternoon, without any advance notice,

a W; F; about 38; 5-9; slim build; big-boned; bro•n hair, cut short, who said she

was divorced and lived in a big house in Texas; spoke Russian; cL.med she had studied

at the University of Pennsylvania, came to 757 French St. in a brown or tan colored

station wagon bearing. Texas plates. She said the woman had two children with her,

both girls, about 3 and 5 years of age respectively, in addition to Oswald's wife and

small child.

Mrs. Murrett said this woman was very friendly but Oswald's wife appeared to be ill

at ease. Further, that the woman had mentioned a Dr. Reissman, a professor at Tulane

University, New Orleans, as a friend and that Oswald had also mentioned that he knew,

or was acquainted with, Dr. Reissman. Firs. Murrett said that.the unknown woman Along with her children and Oswald, his wife

and child, left her house the same day and she had never seen any of them from that

time on. She said before leaving, Oswald told her he had found an apartment at 4907

Magazine St., New Orleans. She said that all she could remember about the station wagon other than the color was

that it was loaded down with household goods and articles of furniture.

She said that after Oswald left her house, he would sometimes phone her to determine

if he had received any phone calls or messages. She said that as far as she could

remember, no one had tried to contact him after he left. She stated positively he had

never had any visitors during the time he had stayed at her home and that she never

saw any guns or rifles in his possession.

.

She said that if'she recalled correctly, either the Russian woman or Oswald made the

remark to•the effect that Dr. Reissman had visited with Oswald or Oswald had visited

the Dr. at his home. In any event it was her impression that Oswald came into contact

with Dr. Reissman through the Russian woman. Mrs. Murrett said one of the two told her

that Dr. Reissman had a daughter who was studying in Russia. .

Mrs. Murrett said as best she could recall, Oswald received one ID phone call from his .

,wife during the time he stayed with the Murrett family. She said the call was not made

collect and that it was made during the same week that Oswald found the job at the

Reily Coffee Co.

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Page 10. • . CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

Mrs. Murrett said she was a sister of Oswald's mother, that their maiden name was

Claverie; and Oswald's mother's first husband was named;ddie Pic and that Oswald's

father was her second husband. Mrs. Murrett said she had not been in contact with

Oswald's mother for a number of years. - She said she and her husband and their children knew that Oswald had defected to

Russia but they had never discussed this with him for the reason he never mentioned +

fif Mrs. Murrett said she was aware that Lee Harvey had been arrested in New Orleans in

August of 1963. She said shortly after his first arrest, two FBI agents had called at

her home and interviewed her concerning him. She said she told the agents that Oswald

had stayed with her for a few days; that his wife and the unknown woman from Texas in

the brown station wagon had called for him at her house and all of them had supposseil:

'gone to 4907 Magazine St. .

• -

.

.

She said the agents left her home and returned the following day and had told her Lee

Harvey was not at home but there was a brown station wagon with Texas...plates parked in

• front of 4907 Magazine St. The agents left and she had not seen them again.

She said she had been re-interviewed by several agents on 11-23-63.

Miss Marilyn iurrett (1r7; F; 35; 5-7; 120; dark brown hair, very long) was interviewed

on 11-23-63. She stated that she had returned to the United States 1.1a.1a 1263.4.

from a round-the-world trip. She said she had remained out of the country for 3

years. She said she had returned to the United States from England, her port of entry

being New York City. She said from the United States she had traveled to Hawaii; Hong Kong; Japan, worked

in Japan about 1 year; Australia, worked there about five months; New Zealand, worked

there about five months; from New Zealand she said she had traveled rapidly through

Singapore; Thailand; Burma; India; Iraq; the Holy Land; England and then to the United

States.

iir

. .

• hours mentioned tIcilaitstsihewhad visited East Berlin,and had been detained there for twelve

1 She claimed that the trip around the world was by tramp steamer and that it cost her if

very little for-travel. She gives the appearance of being a very peculiar sort of

person. • •

'

407

•

She said while in Australia and New Zealand she had taught 7th and 8th grade biology

and English and in Japan she taught all grade leve subjects. She produced her cancelled passport bearing No. 76 07 date of issue 4-28-58.

She also produced cancelled passport bearing No.Z1203697 and she stated on this pass -'

port she had traveled through Mexico and Central America by bus. She said this trip

had lasted from July, 1963, through August, 1963.

Page 11 . C0-2-34,030 November 30, 1963 On the afternoon of 11-23-63 called at the First District, NOPD, and personally

interviewed Lt. Martell°. He furnished me with the following literature which had

been seized from Oswald at the t e of his arrest on 8-9-63, which is listed below:

Basic pamphlets - 14 - THE CRIME AGAINS CUEA,;GSr Corliss Lamont (3)

An envelope with return address of Box 877,etustin, Texas, TeX11 Employment

Commission (The postmark on this envelope cannot be determined but it

appears to be August, 1963.) • . Applicatilo forms, The Fabreplay for Cuba Committee, bearing a rubber stamp of

. "A Jcaidell, P. O. Bo "30016, New Orleans, La."

. Literature List: Retail Prices, Fair Play for Cuba:Committee, 79Nroadway

New York 3, N. Y. Pamphlet, Fair Play for Cuba Committee, 799 Broadway, New York 3, N. Y., entitled

. DRUMS OF WAR, . Fair Flay for Cuba pamphlets, one bearing aj1111Mtamp of Lee H. Oswald,....JLaL

Magazine St., New Orleans, La. The other bears a rubber stamp of "A J Hidell

P. 0. Box 30016, New Orleans, La." 1 (The latter-mentioned pamphlets were forwarded to the Dallas Office by SAIC Rice.)

Lt. Martell° said that the Intelligence Division, NOPD, would have a complete file on

Oswald and possibly the Fair Play for Cuba. organization. e stated that while assigned to the Intelligence Division he had learned that Dr.

Leonard Reissman, home address 1121 Pine New Orleans, a professor at Tulane7---

University was very active in an organ' tion called NOCPA (New Orleans Council of

Peaceful Alternatives). better known/as)Bah.the Bomb. Bruce Waltzer, previously

mentioned, was very active in sev al organizations, including NOCPA. Lt. Martello

said it was his information that v tzer m Mexi o City, supposedly

for the purpose of obtaining the finances from the Castro Government to keep the NOORN.

and other organizations favorable to the Castro Government going. /Lt. Martell° said that Dr. Reissman held meetings at his home in connection with the

NOCPA, as well as the Fair Play for Cuba organization. He related that on one occasion

he had learned that a pamphlet pertaining to the Fair Play for Cuba organization had

blown out of Dr. Reissmanfs car and apparently Dr. Reissman had not noticed this for

the reason Lt. Hartello had obtained possession from an informant. Lt. Martell° said in the event he could think of anything else that would assist us,

'he would contact the office. ,On the evening of 11-23-63 contacted SA Barnhart, Naval Intelligence, New Orleans. As

Oswald had furnished as references Sgt. Robert Hidell, USMO, and Lt. J. Evans, USEC,

Lt. Barnhart was requested to make the necessary check through the fastest means

possible to determine if he could obtain any information concerning the two and if

they existed, their present addresses. He said he would pass this information on to

either Mr. Lloyd O. Beck, Assistant Supervising Agent, or Mr. David J. Kerr, Supervisor,

Naval Intelligence.

407

..•

Page.12 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

At 1:30 A. N. on 11-21-63, Mr. David Kerr, Office of Naval Intelligence, contacted

SAIC Rice by telephone, advising that a thorough search had been made of the I:arine

Corps records with the following results: There are four persons on active duty by

the name of J. Evans, and twelve on inactive duty (records on the latter would be

available at the Records Centert7St. Louis, Missouri). He said that there was only

officer, Lieutenant John Stewart Evans, Serial No. 071445, born 8-28-3L at Cincinn't

Ohio, who is presently on duty with Training Squadron 6, 'Whitney Field, Milton, Fla.•

who might bessociated with Oswald's reference. He further advised that there is nz

/ record of a Hidell" either on active duty or inactive; and that the only similar na71

is John R Heindel, age 38, born in Louisiana, who is not active, his record being

ava able at the Federal Records Center, St. Louis.

By Office Memorandum dated 11-26-63, SAIC Forrest G. Guthrie, Mobile, was requested

to attempt to interview Lieut. John Stewart Evans at Ilhitney Field, Milton, Florida.

SAIC Guthrie was also requested to interview Oswald's first cousin, Jean Parrett,

at the Jesuit Seminary, Mobile, Alabama, Where he is studying for the priesthood. It

was requested that both of these individuals be questioned as to whether or not they

know A. J. Hidell, or Alek James Hidell. When Oswald was arrestel,on 8-9-63,.three. ans had been arrested *th him, one of

them being named Carlo'Srin uier, owner, asa Roca Clothing Store 07 Decatur St.,

New Orleans. 1110.

The writer interviewed Bringuier on the night of 11-23-63 at his place of business.

He stated that on 6-21-63, a W; M; about 15, and a companion visited his store. He

said the two boys told him that they wanted to assist his organization, primarily to

fight Castro. He said'he told the boys they were too young but they could assist

his cause by selling 500 bonds for his organization. He produced a receipt dated

6-21-63. It is quot as follows: "I give to Phili eraci III 2201 Green Acres Rd., VE 5-2696 $10.00 (ten dollars)

in bonds of the Cuban Student Direcorate to be sale and he agree with me to sign both

together. June '1-",--17965;77srairtirs—Winguier, Delegate, N. 0., LA. /S/ Philip

Geraci III." He said during the early part of August, 1963, Philip Geraci III had returned to his

store and had told him that while trying to sell the bonds, he had been stopped by a

man who claimed to be an FBI agent and the man had told him he needed a city permit to

sell the bonds. For this reason Geraci had brought the bonds back to Carlos.

While Geraci and his unknown companion were in the store, Lee H. Oswald came into the

store and while Carlos was engaged with a customer, Oswald had apparently engaged in

a conversation with the two boys. He, Carlos, then-had a conversation with Oswald who

asked him what his position was with the Cuban Student Directorate, which is said to

be an anti-Castro organization. Carlos said he had explained to Oswald that he was an

officer and Oswald said he wanted to contribute to the movement; He wanted to volunteer

his services insofar as training the Cubans to fight. Carlos said he declined Oswald's

offer for the reason he thought Oswald might be an FBI agent in disguise, planted to

try to determine'their future actions.

4o1

• .•-•a. '

• Page 13 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

He said the reason he thought this is because Geraci had told him before OsI.Pld\

into the store about being stopped by a person he thought to be an FBI agent.

said he told Oswald that if he wanted to contribute any money, he should send it

direct to their headquarters in Miami. The day following Oswald's visit to the store, Oswald returned and left with Carl,

a book, "Guidebook for Marines". He said he thought hy .this action, Oswald was tz

to gain his confidence. • He said about four days later.Celso M. Hernandez came to his store, Hernandez beim

a member of his organization, and told him that an American was distributing pro-:s

literature on Canal St., New Orleans. Carlos said that with another member named

Cruz he went to look for the American, but could not find him. They had then reti-

to his store. Shortly thereafter, another Cuban had come to the store and said the

American was then in the 700 block of Canal St. Carlos said he immediately went to the 700 block of Canal St. with two other Cubans,

Celso M. Hernandez and Miguel Mariano Cruz, and they located the American, who turnac

hands with him, Carlos, but Carlos aid he refused to shake hands.. He said Oswald

out to be Oswald. He said Oswald

shat=

surprised to see him and had tried to sha ,

was handing out pamphlets entitled "Viva Adel" and "Hands Off Cuba." Carlos said he

was so angry he tried to strike Oswald as a result of which someone called the police

and they were arrested. . He said at the time of the arrest, he recalls that the police reprimanded Oswald

Concerning the name and address, "A J Hidell, P. O. Box 30016, New Orleans, La." which

had apparently been placed with a rubber'stamp on the pamphlets... The police contended

that instead of the post office box number, there should have been a street address.

t

i

Carlos also recalled that Oswal nad showed the police a Fair Play for Cuba membership

card signed by Vincent Theodore ee. He said Oswald had also shown the police some type

i of credential issued by the New Orleans Branch, Fair Play for Cuba.

;

Subsequent to this he said he saw Oswald when they appeared in court at New Orleans.

He said.Osuald had been fined $10 and the charges against the Cubans had been dismissed.

He said when they appeared in

4

ourt, Oswald was apparently alone.

On 8-21-63 he said he had debated with Oswald over radio station lDSO, New Orleans.

Carlos said after this debate he never saw Oswald again. In addition to the " de-

' book for Marines", Carlos gave the writer a copy of The Cuban Report publishe by

ectorio RevoluncionarioEstudiantil (Cuban Student Directorate, P. O. Box 805.

aami, Florida . Also, the receipt signed by Philip Geraci III.

The cover page of the "Guidebook for Marines" bears the name L. H. Oswald, apparently

placed there with a rubber stamp. At the bottom of this page, written in pencil, the

name Pvt. Lee H. Oswald, NO. 16 230" appears. On page 91 of this book, the name L. H.

Oswald appears. On page 189 under the caption Sight Setting, the following is under-

lined in pencil:

497

:0

e•'.... (k"..) •

(:)

......,

Page 14 •

.

. .

• • .

C0-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

1

11 "1 minute of angle or approximately 1 inch on the target for

each 100 yards" .

\

A

On Page 145, which pertains to The Pistol, someone has apparently overstamped thi,,

page with a rubber stamp and the woraing appears to be in a foreign language.

Carlos asked that this book be returned to him when it has served its purpose.

Apparently he attaches some historical value to' the book.

Subsequent to this interview with Carlos, he called at the office on several occasi

and he was interviewed by. SAIC Rice. The results of the interviews will be set fori,

in a report to be submitted by SAIC Rice.

\ . 1

Carlos said that during the initial in rview that as he was suspicion of Oswald,

had

after their yoeest on 8-9-63, he had ,ent one of his members, Carlosttluiroga, 3134e-,

Derby Place, New Orleans, phone 943 1062, to Oswald's home for the purpose of trylr=,\

lnfiltraie his organization. He saia Quiroga had gone to Oswald's hone on several

occasions but had obtained no information of value. Quiroga had told him that Oswald.,

wife was a Russian and she appeared to be happy about being in the United States, but

Oswald had indicated that he was dissatisfied with the country. to start an argument, he, Carlos-, ignored the man after selling him the cap.

at his store and had bought a cloth cap, green in color. He said the man made the

remark that Oswald had not killed the President and as the man was apparently trying

Carlos also said that on 11-23-63 a W; V.:; late 401s; 6-0; 200; brown hair; had called During the course d'our investigation it was ascer ned that s5me of the literature

in the possession of Oswald bore the stamped addres FPCC 544i7Camp St., New Orleans,

La." On 11-23-63 SA Anthony E. Gerrets ascertained by iaepnonic contact witnmr.

15a Newman, owner of the building at $44 Camp Street, that several Cuban revolutionaries

had occupied office space in this building over a period of three or four months,

but that they had gotten behind in heir rent, and he was force to reveit them to

move. According to lir, Newman, t leader of this group was e Louis .Mabel (correct

name later determined to be Lai, avel); further, that Billy ionteleone, of the

Monteleone Hotel in New Orleape, was also associated with this group. lir. Newman

indicated that one Carlos J.6Grimader, a certified public accountant with offices in

the Audubon Building, hew Orleans, should be able to furnish information regarding

this group of Cubans as he had acted as bookkeeper or accountant for them.

According to Mr. Newman, after he had evicted the group of Cuban revoluntaries referred

to above, he 'discovered that an unknown subject (white; male; 22/24; 5-9i; 185; fair

complexion; light brown hair; spoke with Spanish accent) had moved into the space in

the building vacated by the Cubans without notifying him. He said that he saw this

individual on only one occasion, and had no idea as to what.his name might be. He

said that in view of his experience with the Cuban revolutionaries, he refused to rent

office space to this unknown individual, and told him that he would have to vacate at

once.

...

407

• • nes o

Jr Arnesto N. odriguez of Languages Joaquin Villodas or . 1-4,‘ -

-1171)

Ehnuel - 912

• Luis Ravel - 4651 (telephone Sergio Arcac

95674;7 one

gania St. gew Orleans (telephone 9

Aarigny Str t, gew Orl s, La. itehall ‘15 an oo 0

Smith - may have lived at 544 Camp St. iouez Sr •- no address in4adted - alleged ownert litz School

209•St. Ch;.eles Ave., ce:w Orleans 34Uldandon Ave.,Oew Orleani •

Page 15 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

SA Gerrets contacted Carlos J. Grimader, CPA, by telephone on 11-23-63. He said tha

he recalled a group f anti-Castro Cubans who had occupied office :Space at 544 Camp •

.0` "2

Sire , New Orlea413

. According to Hr. Grimader, these 5ueans were members of organ-

za ons known as "Crusade to Free Cuba Committee" and "olban Revolutionary Council".

( onsejo Revolucidnairo oe Cubarile said that Erie foll-aring indafalri were assocla-

WTEH-Inese two.aoups and were authorized to sign checks:

In an effort to determine if Oswald or A. J. Hidell had occupied office space at

544 Camp Street, during the evening of 11-2e53, SAIC Rice, Si Garrets, and the reporting

agent interviewed at the office one James arthus, apparent harmless Protective Re-

search subject of file CO-2-32 1 who resides at that address. He stated that an

unknown man had attemp e to rent an office at 544 Camp Street, but that he discouraged

him. He could not describe the subject, but stated that a Mrs. Downing, who has an

office on the second floor of the building, had seen him and may be able to describe

or identify him. As information hadibeen obtaine

41//r Contacted the pixie Brewing Co.. Inc., 24014ane Ave., phone 524-05114 on 11-25-63

and Miss Blithe Kelly,-payroll clerk, advised that

this company. Also attempted to contact the personnel manager of the Falstaff Brewing Co., 2601

Gravier St., phone 5214-7171, on 11-25-63, but the place-Was closed due to a holiday. •

On 11-25-63 contacted Mr. H. Peyton Hurst, manager of the local Social Security Office,

New Orleans, at his home at'.6304 Ruth St., Metairie, and requested that he check with

his Main Office, Baltimore, re Lee Harvey Oswald. It was also requested that if

possible, a check be made in the name of A. J. Hidell, no further information available.

He said that if Oswald and Hidell were one and the same person, the Social Security

files might be cross referenced in these two names. He said as 11-25-63 was a holiday,

he would submit the request on the following day. Subsequently, Mr. Hurst advised that this inquiry should be made of their headquarters

office in Baltimore. On 11-26-63, Inspector Kelley was furnished this information at

the Dallas office during a telephone conversation with SAIC Rice; and he advised the

Protective Research Section had Oswaldts Social Security number and that contact would

be made with the Social Security Administration at Baltimore by our headquarters office.

to the effect at Oswald had worked at the Jackson

Breyin Co., 6201_:)ecft1,5±,Ir.: city, phone 523 7461, by phone contacted Mr. Gray,

ersonnel Manager, on 11-25-63. He stated Oswald had never been employed by his

company.

Oswald had never been employed by

Page 16 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

On 11-25-63 Adrian Alba, Crescent City Garage, called at the office and was re-

interviewed. He furnished a written, sworn statement with reference to his shaving

Oswald some of his guns and Oswald's attempt to have him, Mr. Alba, purchase a carb'

for him.. The statement is s -explanatory and can be referred to for details,

pn 11-25-63 called at the Retailers Commercial Agency, Inc, Delta Building, 328,

q.-.:sonleans phone 5214-76-6o, and interviewed Er. Lance A. Garcia,

Assistant Manager. A credit report concerning Lee Harvey Oswald had been obtained fr:

thelft. B. Reily Coffee Co., Inc. on 11-23-63. Records of the Retailers Commercial

Agency, Inc. were checked in the names A. J. Hidell, Alex James Hidell and Various

combinations of this name such as Haidl, Haydl, Haydel, etc., with negative results.

As the name R. J. -23rdel, Jr. and R.o J.'s Electrical Service, 4909 Danneel St., New

Orleans, had come to the attention of SAIC Rice, checks were made in these names.

R. J. Haydel, Jr. 1935 Upperline St., New Orleans, was of record. His file indicated

he lived at 193 onerl' e St. with his parents, Mt. and Nrs. Roger J •

iness as R. J.'s Electrical Co., 4909 Danneel St. they, that

that he had done Subject's file reflects that numerous companies hgVi-been trying to locate him for the

reason he failed to pay his bills. A review of his file reflects that he owes

approximately $2,500 to various companies. There was also a limited file on R. J.'s Electrical Service, 4909 Danneel St.., NeW-

Orleans„which reflected that Retailers Commercial Agency, Inc. Account No. 109-000 had

been trying to locate the owner of the business for the reason he failed to pay a bill.

There was also a file on Roger J. Haydel, Sr., 331‘tavia St., Me* Orleans. His file

reflected that he owed numerous persons. The complete reports of the Retailers Commercial Agency, Inc. pertaining to R. 3,

Haydel, Jr., R. J.'s Electrical Service, and Roger J. Haydel, Sr. were loaned to the

writer and a receipt was signed for same. They are to be returned when they have

served their purpose. The same date cal d at the Main Office, New Orleans Public Service, Inc., and inter-

viewed

Mr. L. E. evron. He furnished a photostatic copy of their Service Order No.

21515, datir5=7:63,Zabh reflects that on 5-9-63 Lee H. Oswald, 4907 Magazine St.

lower center apartment, had made application r electricity and g at 4907 Meg ine

St. He furnished his place of employment as eon Israel Co., 300 Aagazine St., dew

Orleans. ,___----- Ni', Hevron also furnished a photostat of their Remove Order No. 86019, dated 10-7-63,

for Lee H. Oswald. There is a notation on this form as follows: "Caretaker called party vacated" As a result of the above, electric and gas service at 4907 Magazine St. had been

discontinued on 10-7-63. •

407

A • • (0

Page 17 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963 According to the records of the New Orleans Public Service, Inc., R. J. Haydel, Sr.

had moved from 331 Octavia St., City, to 1935 Upperline St. on 9-23-41, and he is st;

receiving gas and electri" service at the later address. The'records show that ohn or Patricia J. Lacaze live at 4909 Danneel St. and have he

residing at this address since 3-22-62. The writer recalled interviewing a John and

Patricia Lacaze, payees of a check, file 3-13-5333 some years ago. . cc"'

• ,

A photostat of Install Order No 132 dated 3-97K, was obtained. It shows that

the Iacazers have phone numberi 895 874 and TU 9-0334, the latter number being the

phone number of R. J. Haydel, Sr., 1935 Upperline St., City.

.

.

Upon returning to the office, R. J. Haydel, Jr., after having been interviewed by SA

Gerrets and SAIC Rice, was preparing to depart the office. He was interviewed by the

writer and stated phone number 895-7874 had been changed to 891- 36 . Further, that

he was more or less living in acommon-law relationship withatricia Lacaze, co-payee,

file 3-13-5333. Further, that as he is an electrician and is seldom home, Patricia

Lacaze takes his phone calls for him. He indicated he expects to marry her at a future

date.

On 11-26-63 calle at Ed Smith Stencil_Works, 4264o St.,, aew Orleans, and inter-

viewed Mr. J. B. Abore, Vice President. A copy of the application form The Fair Play

for Cuba Committee, bearing the name "A J Hidell, P. O. Box 30016, N eerle ans, La." I

l ;kown:ott* He tt'agou::Iha2ee:7ehitSlports t'

T

Hsatlee1 cost doubt dZteu:ero:1 guienZo,

Chicago, and were sold'-by practically all stationery stores, department stores, etc.

He said the set contained all the letters in the alphabet and using'the set.a person

could make name stamps in any combination of names. Hr. Moore was shown a photograph of Oswald but stated he had never seen this person

before.

On 11-26-63 called at the New,Orleans Better Business Bureau and made name checks in

the following names: Fair Play for Cuba - negative Lee Harvey Oswald - negative A. J. Hidell, Alex James Hidell-Haydel - negative

Dr. Leonard Reissman - negative There was a file'Under the name Directorio Revoluncionario Estudiantil. It was reviewed

and reflected that the local representative is Carlos Bringuier. Further, that a Mrs.

Geraci had called the Better Business Bureau on an unknown date to advise that Bringuier

. had given her son a book of tickets to sell. The Better Business Bureau had checked

with City Hall, New Orleans, and was informed that Bringuier had called at City Hall

and was given the necessary form to execute in order to make it legal for him to sell

tickets or bonds in connection with the Cuban Student Directorate. The file reflects t

that Mrs. Geraci had-been so notified.

ti

407

/0 Page 18 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

•

7.'

On 11-26-63)%g. Gerrets received a telephone callZrom.;5i. Robert ,ritcher, Field Reere

sentative,douisiana State Unemployment Office, 630 amp. ., iew r eans. He stater'

.that Lee Harvey Oswald-had registered with their office for unemployment benefits, ha;

filed a claim for benefits and was registered for work. Err. Critcher said that the last time Oswald reported to his office was about li months

ago when he filed a cla's for benefits. Further; that all wage claims were against th

44 State of Texas. He stated that should we desire to review the records, we should firs.

contact Mr. Jerminal Messina, District Superintendent, State of Louisiana, Department

of Labor, Division of Employment Security, 430 Canal St., City, phone 524-1741.

The same date made phone call to Mr. Messina and he stated that early-on the morning

of 11-26-63 an FBI agent had been given all of the records pertaining to Oswald. .'

. He said his office had made a check in the - name A. J. Hidell and various other spellings

.. of this name with negative results. SAIC Rice later contacted ASAIC Sylvester, FBI, Hew Orleans, and he stated that if Mr.

Messina would authorite his office to make a reproduction of the records pertaining to

Oswald, his office would make some and furnish them to this office'. SAIL Rice contacted

Mr. Messina by phone and he stated he would contact the FBI office and authorize the

reproduction of the records. They were furnished this office by Si Leon Gaskell, FBI,

on 11-27-63, and a copy of the complete record was furnished the Dallas office by

Office Memorandum dated 11-29-63. On 11-26-63 LD phone call was made to Capt. R. E. Horton, Louisiana State Police,

Baton Rouge, Ia. He was requested to make a name check in the following listed names

and advise this office of the results immediately: Lee bcvey Oswald

•

ClaPHertrand Fair Play for Cuba A. J..Hidell-Haydel, etc. The same date a phone call was received from Capt. Horton. He stated that he had an '

FBI transcript of the criminal record of Oswald, as well as a fingerprint card re

Oswallend would furnish us with a copy of each. Also, that he had a record of James

. Abner aydel, home address, Bunkie, Le., who had been arrested at Houma, La. on 1-6-55

for indecent' exposure. He said he would furnish a photostat of the fingerprint card

of the subject in the event it would be of any value.

.re was also a file under the tit;e'of The Infopation Council of the ' ericas,

lam Truth Tapes Headquarters,. 620d.;ravier St.,es-iew Orleans, phone 523 3614. This

file was reviewed but nothing of interest was notes.

There was//tile the Cuban Democratic nevoluntionary Front, Lade to Free Cuba;

P. O. Box 50523, Jew Orleans, -which ha; been rented as of 10-2-62 under the aoove

:fisted name. Tiles file was reviewed but nothirf interest was noted.

407

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Page 19 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

He said his office also had a list of the members of the Fair Play for Cuba organi

and related information but that he could not furnish this unless authorized to do

by Colonel Burbank of the State Police. He said he had no reason to believe that

Colonel Burbank would not authorize him to furnish it, but he would check with him

if•he gave his approval, he, Capt. Horton would send the list along with the other

requested by a state trooper. This material was delivered in the office on the mar;

of 11-27-63. All of the material furnished has been reviewed but none of the names mentioned have

been associated with any of the persons beinVovestigated at the present time.

On 11-26p, with SA Gerrets, called at the Quality Flower Shop, 4916 Canal St., phon

HUnter 2-4618, where we interviewed Edward Vliebel, a former schoolmate of Lee Harvey

'Oswald.

He stated that in either 1954 or 1955 he had persuaded Oswald to join the Civil Air

Patrol, HOisant Unit, Jefferson Parish. He said Oswald attended about four meetings

and then dropped out, giving as his reason for doing so the fact that it was a consid-

erable distance from his home on Exchange Place to Hoisant Airport.

Voebel said when he joined the CAP, Capt. Dave'Jerrie, a former pilot or co-pilot for

Delta or Eastern Airlines, was the commander. ne could not say if Capt. Farrie was

the commander at the time Oswald joined. He said he does not know if Oswald was

acquainted with Farrie, who is alleged to be a homosexual. Voebel said he has had no contact with Oswald in the past eight years. He promised

to contact this office in the event he should think of anything.that would be of

value to this office. Voebel did mention that he collects guns. Further, that he has an Italian-make rifle

of the same type as the one allegedly used to shoot the President; that he shot this

rifle several times, but it is so poorly constructed he decided that it was best not

to shoot it anymore for the reason he was afraid it would explode.

A local attorney, Dean Andrew22 with whom SAICcAice is acquainted, had informed SAIC

Rice that a personfurring his name as Clayu?ertrand had called him and asked him

if he was interested in defending Oswald. (The full particulars concerning the call

received from Mr. Andrews will be set forth in a report to be submitted by SAIL Rice.)

There are a number of Bertrands listed in the New Orleans Telephone Book. None listed

are named Clay.-. There is a Charles C. Bertrand, 1321 Bienville St. Park, phone 524-7827.

Assuming that the Charles C. could stand for Charles Clay, on 11-26-63 by phone contacted

Pis. Charlene Bertrand, Apt. 0.,1321 Bienville St. Park. She stated her husbandls full

name is Charles Caffery Bertrand; that he is a doctor and could be contacted at the

Admit and Accident Room, Charity Hospital, New Orleans, 523-2311. She stated she did

'not know anyone named Clay Bertrand. On 11-26-63 with SA Gerrets'called at Pan American Films, 822 N. Rampart St., City, and

obtained a roll of film in accordance with the previous arrangements made by SAIC Rice.

7

-44

••C %%Pt.

• .; . '

.

Pdge 20 ' . •

CO-2-34,030 , 1, November 30, 1963 1

The same date with SA Gerrets called at the 10A4L Broadcasting Co., 1024 N. Rampart

City, where we obtained various still shots -11-17-iccordance with previous arrangements

made by SAIC Rice.

1

On 11-27-63 interviewed Mrs. Eugenia Donnelly, 544 Camp St., New Orleans, home addre

1211taal St. New Orleans, for the reason James Arthus, previously mentioned, had

stated that Mrs. Donne - ad seen the man who tried to rent an office at 544 Camp,

the man stating he wanted office furniture such as chairs and tables and that he

wanted to hold meetings at night. Mrs. Donnelly emphatically stated that she had not

seen the man in question. She said it was well known that Arthus was an obvious ment

case and that he sometimes made foolish statements_to attract attention. She was

shown a photo of Oswald but stated she had never seen him before.

As Lee Harvey Oswald is alleged to have had some conversation with Philip Geraci III,

2201 Green Acres Road, in t store of Carlos Bringuier, on 11-20-63 attempted to

contact Geraci by phone, V15-2696. It was learned that his number had been changed.

Subsequent to this, SA. Leon Gaskell, FBI, New Orleans, informed the writer that agents

of his office had interviewed Geraci who acknowledged that he had talked to Oswald for

a very short time while he, Geraci, was waiting to speak to Bringuier. SA Gaskell

said that Geraci could furnish no information of value.' On 11-30-63 contacted Carlos 4 3134 rby Place, New Orleans,.phone 943=1062.

He stated he was furnishing the following information in confidence for the reason his •

father is in prison in Cuba and if the wrong persons should learn that he is cooperating

with the Government, he feels that the Castro Government might harm his mother and

father.

Carlos said that after Oswald had been arrested on 8-9-63, Carlos Bringuier ordered

'him to infiltrate Oswald's organization if he could. He said he went to Oswald's

home at 4907 Magazine St., New Orleans, the date not recalled, but it was between the

date Oswald appeared in court and the date of the debate, possibly on 8-16-63.

He said he spent about one hour talking to Oswald who told him he learned to speak

Russian at Tulane University, Hew Orleans. (Carlos said Oswald spoke to his young

daughter in a foreign language. When Carlos asked Oswald what language he was speaking,

Oswald said Russian.) He said Oswald had not mentioned to him that he had defected to

Russia. He said Oswald asked him to join the Fair Play for Cuba group and had given

'him an application form. Oswald told him he could join for $1.

He said that during the conversation, Oswald stated that if the United States should

invade Cuba, he Oswald, would fight on the side of the Castro Government.

He said Oswald never did mention any of the names of members of the Fair Play for Cuba

group. He did say that meetings were held at various private homes in New Orleans.

Carlos said he had been willing to join the Fair Play for Cuba group provided it was

done with the backing of the FBI or the local police force. He said he had made this

known to Lt. Martell°, NOPD, who apparently forgot about it. •

407

-4::■•••• •• ....AA -

4. •

("0

Page 21 • C0-2-34,030 November 30, 196.

He said he did not contact the FBI for the reason on a previous occasion he had

their office that Oswald was handing out what he assumed to be procommunist liter

in front of the International Trade Mart, New Orleans, and the FBI had given him t

cold shoulder. Carlos said he had called at our office pre ously and had been interviewed by SAIC

On 11-30-63 with SA Counts called aySe Le n Israel Coffee Co., 300 Magaiine St.,

City, and interviewed Mr, Milton.J. Ruth 'ice President. He said an agent from th.

FBI had previously interviewed Mr. R. J. Abel, Personnel Manager, concerning the al:

former employnent of Oswald by this company. The records failed to show that Oswald

had ever been employed there or even submitted an application. Mr. Ruth'could mot s.

if a check had been made in the name of Alek James Hidell or A. J. Hidell.

On 5-9-63, when Oswald had made application to the New Orleans Public Service for gas

and electricity for 4907 Magazine St., he furnished his employer's name as Leon Israe:

Co., 300 Magazine St., City. On 11-30-63 a call was made to the Falstaff Brewing Co., 2601 Gravier St., City, phone

524-7171. This company does not have any records to show that Lee Harvey. Oswald was

ever employed there. With SA Counts on 11-30-63 called at 4903 Magazine St. to interview the occupants as

they reside nextdoor to the,gartment formerly occupied by Oswald and is wife. The

residents, Mr. & Mrs. AlexjAmes, were not at home. A daughter stet they would return

home later in the day and she furnished their phone number as TU 9-4382. •----...-------

later during the day Mr. times was contacted by phone. He stated that the only persons

he had ever seen visit Oswald was someone for radio station wrsu, New Orleans, in

connection with a debate that Oswald took part in. He said an unknown woman driving

a blue station wagon bearing Texas plates had apparently moved Oswald and his wife into

the apartment at 4907 Magazine St. He said this same woman had returned at a later .

date and moved Oswald's wife and child. He said that either thret or four days after

Oswald's wife moved, Oswald apparently moved during the night, as no one saw him after

this.

•

Mr. Ames said this would have taken place during the latter part of September, 1963.

He said he had met Oswald on the street several times and had told him hello, but

-Oswald had never replied. He said that Oswald's wife was friendly and polite even

though she did hot speak very much English. Mr. Ames said he and his wife had often commented that Oswald apparently did not believe

in doctors or medical treatment for his wife, who was pregnant at the time, for the

reason there was never any indication that his wife contacted a doctor.

th' SA Counts on 11-30-63 called at 6105 Magazine St., City, and interviewed Mr. Henry

Gogreve, owner of a combination grocery store and bar. The bar does business under the

name of Crone's Bar and the address for same is 5101 Magazine St. Mr. Gogreve stated

that he recalled both Oswald and his wife. With reference to the wife, he said she

seldom bought more than a loaf of bread and on 'occasion, she would buy one lemon. 407

•

:•• •-.: • • • . .• ••

•

Page 22 CO-2-34,030 November 30, 1963

He said on one occasion, during the day, Oswald cane into the bar and asked him to t.

the television set on as he wanted to watch a certain program. He said he told 05,42'

that he did not turn the set on in the day; that uswald became angry and left the bar

He was unable to furnish any additional information of value. Mr. Gogreve said that on 11-26-63 two Cubans, a man and a woman, came to his store.

The man said they had seen him recently on TV. He said the man remarked that he did

not think Oswald was guilty of killing the President and he did not think it was right

that Oswald had gotten killed. According to him, the woman was very nervous and both

of them finally walked out of the store. He described them as follows: Cuban male; 20; 5-7; 110; dark hair Cuban female; 18; 5-0; about 4 months pregnant; long hair

He said he had never seen this couple before and had not seen them since. An office

card was furnished Mr. Gogreve and he was requested to contact this office should he

see either of them again. During the week SA Leon Gaskell, FBI, called at the office and it was mentioned to him

that, when time permitted we intended to check the following leads: The Michoud Plant, as Oswald supposedly told Adrian Alba, Crescent City Garage, New

Orleans, that he had filed an application at this plant and felt that he would be

hired.

Charity Hospital, New Orleans as it was felt that Mrs. Oswald might have applied there

'pr free medical care in view of the fact she was pregnant at the time. Interview Philip Geraci III, 2201 Green Acres Road, as he supposedly had a short con-

versation with Oswald in the store of Carlos Bringuier. As Oswald hKAlived for a few days with an aunt, Mrs. Murrett, at 757 French St., City,

phone Halef8:1316, check with a confidential source to determine the LD phone calls

made to and from this phone number during the period 5-1-63 to the present time.-

Attempt to identify and interview a person who appeared to be a Japanese male, who

appears in pictures taken of Oswald, Charles Steele, and an unknown third man, posslb

an associate of Oswald. He said as they had more manpower they might check these leads before we got to them.

He promised to notify me of the results if they did get to them first. •

On 11-30-63 he advised that the records of Charity Hospital' New Orleans, had been

checked and these reflected that on 6-8-63 Lee Harvey Oswald had made an application

for medical care for his wife but his request had been denied for the reason he had

insufficient Louisiana residence. ,

•

He also advised that a contact at the telephone company had informed his office that

toll records prior to 7-6-63 had been destroyed. The source had furnished a list of

LD phone calls made from or to HUnter 8-4326, listed as follows: -

407.

. .

•

Page 23

•

. •

CO-2-34,030 \

November 30, 1963

Phone HU 5411 Phone'TR 2=-1765 Phone TW 2-21;73 Phone TV 2a9473

Ga.

.6-6-63 • Person to Person ,.•;71.n.t,fLiNiss,, Phone I-"..

6-8-63 Station to Station 75776-iiiibpra

6-19-63 Person to Person AlizabetIO-Kulik, Room 299, San - Phone DI 21-1..

:Antonio, Texas

,41

7-6-63 Murrett, Fayetteville, Arkansas from coin phone HI 2-9591

7-1-63 Stn. to Stn. Beaumont, Texas

Phone TE 8-:-.,

7-7-63 Stn. to Stn. Beaumont, Texas

. Phone ii21.1739

7-7-63 Collect Barl'.g, Arkansas from John Murrett, coin pnone

883-0926 .

7-11-63

NiUROFIT.: Texas 7-16-63

John Murrett from Elam Ualler • 1 4,..1anta,.0a.

7-18-63

/ASS Elizabeth Kulik • Eastern Airlines, Houston • operated phone in New Orleans and Newark . J. Allen Weller, Atlanta, Beaumont, Texas BeaumoRt, Texas

A confidential source will be contacted in the near future in order to verify that

toll records for the phone in. question prior to 7-6-63 have been destroyed. Also for

the purpose of getting a listing of the toll calls made from 10-27-63 until the present

time.

He advised that the Japanese previously mentioned was probably named OlHarij that he

has an office in the International Trade Mart, but he has not as yet been located for

interview. On 12-2-63 contacted a confidential source for the purpose of verifying that toll

records pertaining to telephone number HUnter 8-4326 dated prior to June 1, 1963, had

been destroyed. The person contacted said he would make a re-check and advise the

results.

Shortly thereafter, a phone call was received from our contact and he stated that

whoever had originally checked the records had made a mistake for the reason they had

records pertaining to calls made from 4-24-63 to 5-8-63. These phone calls are listed

below.

4-24-63 5-10-63 5-15-63 5-15-63 5-8-63'

Bonton, N.

Irvington,

Area Code 201-, 'Phone DE 4-1034

O if 0 n if if Area Code 214 Phone DE Phone BL

Texas

The contact stated he would notify the FBI Office with reference to the above calls.

407

(This call was made from a coin phone number HUnter 8-4326.) 8-14-63 Stn. to Stn. 9-1-63 Person to Person 9-30-63 Stn. to Stn. 10-27-63 DDD

7-15-63

Jean Murrett, Mobile,

Stn. to Stn. Person to Person tl n It

was

Phone _A!., Phone 34-L.465 Phone TR 2=176:„,

Phone 6414.Z1- charged to

. •

• • I,

.C) ..Page C0-2-34,030 - November 30, 1963 •

UNDEVELOPED LEADS The phone calls made from phone number Hunter 8-4326 will be checked out at a ft

date in the event this is deemed necessary. Investigation is continued. ATTACHMENTS - Chief's Office and Dallas Financial Report, Retail Credit Company, re Led Harvey Oswald. K.

Application for Employment executed by Lee Harvey Oswald X

Covers of two "The Shooters' Book of Guns" dated September, 1962, and

September, 1963, respectively. (The covers are being sent to Dallas. Photos

of same are being sent to the Chief's Office.) X ••

List of members, Fair Play for Cuba )( Copy of receipt signed by Bringuier and Geraci 1,

Copy of statement furnished by Adrian Alba X'

Photostat of Service No. 21575 signed by Lee H. Oswald on 5-9-63 (New Orleans Publi

Service) 1c Photostat of Remove Order No. 86019 dated 10-7-63 (NOPSI)A • •

Basic Pamphlets 4.4 -THE CRIME AGAINST CUBA by Corliss Lamont (1 each to Chief's Offic

and Dallas)); -Literature List: Retail Prices, Fair Play for Cuba Committee (Dallas)

The'Fair Play for Cuba Committee, application form, stamped; A. J. Hidell, P. O. Box

30016, New Orleans; La. (1 each for Chief's Office and Dallas) )(

-Window envelope bearing return address, Box 877, Austin, Texas (Dallas)

-.Pamphlet of Fair Play for Cuba Committee entitled Darns OF WAR (Dallas)

Photostat of fingerprint card, Lee Harvey Oswald Y •

FBI transcript of criminal record, Lee Harvey Oswald )(

. Photostat of fingerprint card, James Abner Heydel" AMAjl

- 407

CONFIDENTIAL .

I New Orleans, Lall REPOttE

FROM -...:-. __ (D ,Lat sitY Os Ascalon) War.. wa.de-rp„........,,

• Standard. -,% • Coffee Business 6: Maintenance Man m one week*orev Ica Yes . , 11. Yes, . 1m Yes e--

23. 2,500(Estl ----- . ,,Personal 9ffcts and Savinz ..-- 15.' rent

3,500(EstY--7- 8. none

. ,/''''-' .. 4

.7. 8 ai.N. denim

•

,o.No f J Yes 13.

No 22.

!".

E PAIL CREDIT C' OANY CHARACT,E11-1FINANCIAL REPORT • 'Must. Aces.. Fa.. FM. it. Be.. CIA 6 • • 660

-ns; . • .•••• • ...

Acot. No. 5,-7 6763 16 • • Vex_Orleans-, 1a7.757 French ,Maintenance-Stand'sra udif fee Co

. • • • . EtansaeUen:

Martens Mo. Notes S

1. now long known to you end informants? 2. Now long tree applicant resided at present residence Adam? • : 5, About what is hie ego: (If around 21 salty It possible.) '

4.'„ Is ho married? Number of dependents Including wife? 5. Show' metal descent. .

1. Toy 1prortaant7-1IfYr-37:

,2wks -Prey 11.5. At: ?3 Marines • Yes .„.......„/ • Number of Dep./mica/0

'LAS

REMARKS: 25. tosmEss: Corer -,:•....it. and present business connections. sues. • r .••.. moans rePulas pro-sects for Suture ant geneul

stability.

lf

26. FINANCES: Comment on present and past CrIsacial itandIng. record for Heinz w.:... . ..c. AIry ilinewor phi:14W impalroseats that mights:Oct

M. CI7ARACYCn..21(EME St71:110tEsDINGS: Comment on ohs-Teeter. babite, and morals, a...m.. .-...:.s.thrilapi and C.::..7.3 lambastes. Oh. tyne V netchborhood.

his earning capacity. stsbillty and class Of residents in the section. . • ,1. Lee Harvey.Aswald is employed as ::.. ;..c.Intenance tan for the Standard

Coffee Company -ana has been so engain.-(1 in this ocCupaYi-on-fd-r-t-He - __._

:-,- -*•::::nast-Ffie . Week,--and. •enSbys-a ' favorable business reputation. Previous ta-:--

..'.-ii4this, he was in the U.S. 1,5Prines for some three years.. He enjoys a

-.....4,

.... _.

:favorible"business reputation, a _ is prospects-fdi,theXuture appear

:::,tossbe -favorable. • • . •

:::-. . ,. .

• . • . . ..

•-•:-*FINANCES:•••••iiis- present and 'past financial standing is gOod, and he is

-regarded.asan-Andltidual-wha. liveS within his-means. Learned of no '

'.-.1.11iness or, physical impairments that (light affect his earning T

‘vaPPoityt__'_-___.....-.7...-__....-___ . __ . , .. ___________ '

8. Showname Of :oment employer.

r • • T. fa what hoe of business is appileant engaged? ▪ 8. What position dam be bold? " B. Erne long with :invent employer? 30. Is ho ealP1 red FULL TIME? (St not, shoe' bow many days

A week no uorlo: etc.) 11. Ant prospects for continued permanent emplOYeeent good? 12. Is be steady. progreastve and does he the settista bta is comet

• YS.' Estimate &Irishman* net worth. 14. t:lt what does worth consist 12. Doi:, ha own or rent We home? 16. What te ruspItcant's AN/MAI:EARNED : so*: 17.- Estimate added ANNEAL income ' P.M .tots,, disability. etc. Shaw CC "V.A. /8. 11 wit* employed, by whom.? Ii ANNUA- dental,.

IP. Do you learn of any retool.. ties. tut.e, It:dominate, failure/.

caroetail

les. )hments, bankruptcies .csiost Isla? CU which. glee

d CITAltaflift;-* : • 11 22. Arc bodse curse], . :•-.rorablot CD . 0444

Doxsgt.12.103111.1,INGEt • •

•

, , eau,. ..,wevtadoeftsc,a,paile.ai. lin 3 (ShOw middle

• r 21. In what type t • •• 22. Any ehticism c. r. s•ty. Set.1111M. e.:..litsetee or 1:1,111*.

Von? (If any. c.• • '123. Ilas you le sin ni" ty s.....irtot.or due to Inc,. tistetre, dr mei-

( tic trounis. mor...los or bn.4ta? (It so. corer' n.w.1 • 24. Do you rer...nraend doing business with unpile:tat? A4. sr no

STA7111.11"fr'•

irmurcsas

••

::-!OHARACTtR-HONE SURROUNDINGS: }Ls characscr, habits, and Morals -

are good, and he is known-to keep good associatesiand we]'

He resides with-his wife,- and child. They_liNte-in-a-middle cla-

residential sectionwith-frame homes.that_are_well_kept, and.::.

• coaditions-tYi,,adequate.Stability-and-class-of-residencts.in

phi§ sectioh7.1ggood.: q-.. • Vi6r-4 • •

Permanent or last address, Street . . . • ' • 471-7 7-7 ' Age -t • ) Date of Birth hc.'1., :•;,? Sex: • - ale '

•-••

Physical Qualities:

. • 'ot ... • ,'ise print or type . •

: Company

Name in full:

'.0 APPLICATIGN FOR EMPLOYfilEhi . Date "

Social Security Number

. • • • 1 ./ ..o

/catio•

•

/5 y71. . Present address: number, street, city end state. How long have you lived there? / //i/t/ . ' • • /? •

'How long lived there?

••••

Address at which you lived longest in last 5 years:

• • • V(/ )./' .t9( Telephone number

Marital Status: 0 Single - Ci-Married 0 Divorced C Separated 0 Engaged .

(5 6/4 t a

Number of Children_ Age, ,././

How long married? -.4./t• Separated) •'•• , Other dependents "•• .e"

Weekly income from last job Minimum living expenses

Previous Occupation, name exact duties

Does applicant have any other income, personally or from spouse?

If so, what amount

Number of jobs held in last five years

Length of time since last employed

•

rt)

physical deformity or impairment Hernla

( /r7

Speech. , Right ey ft eye Head:: 4V.", •r-

Feet & Legs /V° -r Baer /1/o frands & Arms /74

Any other defect /1•/(7

Education: Completed C C 1 .

...

,,anie of college .,....—. . ' F0121114!

Degree -....—

1; 4

of night school .

.

Coarse tidr•42

Year graduated

• • _

lrammat school — Name

Grade Finished

• .

•

. . ;10 sthool — Hama • • 7''...‘"•-••.;-:.1-..... • • 1...Q.-a.-, "i":':-....,... C i> E.,. . ' • Year graduated 46.4;t:":11.d7

74;04 Health

11tw,

eie •

•Street . 7•.,` City' 11.3w long lived there?

Do you live with parents?---.Board Rent

Own home?

rt-(se ender EmpleznIent Recent en next pap. ell *deli.

Ilenet add et wbleb yelp !freer In the pee* 5

years with street eddr e4 h., long 01 +tech. Have you taken recent physicatexaminition? t ' '

For what purpose? Did you pass?

Time lost through accident Ca illness in past two years

What is present condition of your health) / • t

you willing to take physical examination? • i

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•

The attached information briefly describes some of the.activiti

of individuals in our area who visited Cuba in the month of.Feb:

ary 1961, and whose names appeared on the list you submitted to •

''.."4.1./ARONER. Dale M. - 6219 N. St. Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinoi

your address, 1414 E. 59th St., Room 820 Chicago, Illinois;

the address pf the International House at the University of

Chicago, where Dale was a student in 1960-1961. Dale.is rely

ted to Rose W. and William H., same address, both of whom wer

active in the attempt to integrate the.all-white "Rainbow Bea

in Chicago, Illinois, during the past summer months.' •

11/ BARNETT, Arnold - address, 2609 Hampton Court, Chicago, Illinc

. Listed as the Executive Secretary of the Fair Play for Cuba Cc

ittee, and also as the Executive Secretary-Treasurer, in 1961.

-Attends all the local meetings ofithis organization.

• 26. BRILL, Dorothy Ve1732 W. Albion Avenue, Chicago, Illinois,

-Your Address - 32 W. Albion Avenue. Dorothy Luria BRILL,

Mrs. Elias Alic BRILL, came to our attention as associated wi

the Prggressive Party, then Communist infiltrated in 1949..

Showed an affiliation with the Civil Rights Congress (Commun

also in 1949. Believed to have attended the May Day Rally of

Communist Party in 1950 at the Ashland Blvd., Auditorium. Mc

of the International Workers Order, Lodge 465 in 1953, this o

ization, now extinct, was a•Ccmmunist insurance group. SlloWn

the mailing list of the Chicago Committee to Secure Justice f

the Rosenbergs (Communist spies). . '27. . BRUCE. Lee - 5126 S. Dorchester Avenue, Chicago; FILois (19

• • •

•

. -Your address 5126 S. Dorchester 11961)4 'AKA. Leo SEGUNICK.

-.(This is the name he uses in present activity) Using both of

-• above names this Subject has been extremely active in left w

and Communist front groups throughout Chicago. Present at ma

ings sponsored by the-Chicago Council of American - Soviet Fr

ship, Civil. Rights Congress, American Socialist Forum, and t1:

Chiet,!4B Of the Fail- Play for Cuba Ci*plittee.; "ft LHe

ptisw+ oppw.c.1.“1$4 gw.10.4 0.1-!..44pLcr

• (2)

0 • 29 November 1961 '

Continued from page 1. • ee'BRUCE . Lee, Resigned_ from this position on 4 April 1957

Communist affiliations were brought out into the open. Atter',

. meeting where Harry Bridges was the featured speaker,.under tht

picos of the. Amorichu Forum, 19 October, 1959. Lectured on t'ee

sect, "How Free is a Free Citizen", in 1959 at thaCircle Pines

ter,- Cloi;erdale, Michigan; an interracial resort catering to exe

• liberals, Communists and Communist sympathizers. Attended and t

. his car to transport people from the meeting of the Freedom of t

Press Committee. meeting /Daily Worker Group), 12 November,1960.

Attended a meeting, "A Special Worker Forum", featuring Joseph

(Communist), and subject also used his car to transport people fe

this affair, 12 November 1960.

Attended meeting featuring Gus HALL (Communist), "Outlook for 196

6 February 1960. . .

35 /CHAMBERS Jerry E.-- 615 Davis Street, Evanston, Illinois.

• • • .•.'ftur address - 615 Davis Street, Evanston, Illinois: Spoke

"Report from Cuba", featuring Robert F. WILLIAMS, 23 February 1961.

. Packinghouse Workers Hall, 4859 S. Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Auspices

• the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. Identified himself as a "free la

photographer" and took pictures of anti-Castro demonstrators, and c.

Police officers detailed to preserve peace. during a demonstration c:

the Fair Play for Cuba Committee 20 and 21 April 1961. Elected Educ

• tion and Publicity Director of the- FPCC. at meeting of the Chicago Ch

e'ter, 26 April 1961, 32 W. Randolph Street.. Took pictures at.the-Co'm

. unist Youth Rally, 1 January 1961. e ' •

3 CH.NDLER Mrs.' K. - 1037 N. -ix Street.

ur addres ..- 37.N. Rush ereet, Chicago; Illino'st. AKA Muriel Jane

CHANDLER ,sirs. Keith Arthur CHANDLER Muriel Jane CARTHY, and Mur.

• iel Jane BARBER, local addresses- 1563 Birchwood (1945), 1037 N. RusI

Street (1961), 21 E. Cedar Street (1961). Librarian, Northwestern

University (1945). listed on files of the Chicago Council of-the Arts

Sciences and Professions,. February 1950. Born 21 June 1927 at Caney

Kansas.. Employed at the B and 0 Railroad in 1961: •

40. CHAPMAN. Landon L. 1940, 127 N: Dearborn street, 1940, (office), 775:

IV. Ea Terrace*- 1940, residence. 665 W. Barry (1948). Inter-

-national )-iabor Defense Attorney, December, 1940 (Communist), Attendee

meeting of the Progressive Party (Communist front), Wrigley Field, L

:September 1948. As an attorney, greeted Vito Marcantonio (Communist

1941. Progressive, party candidate for Municipal Court Judge, 1948.

.Chairman of the legal panel of the Civil Rights Congress (Communist)

29 November.1948. Signed petition, "End Cold War", auspices of the

Chicago Council of American Soviet Friendship at the Progressive Par-

. Convention, 24 February 1950. Attorney for Irving Franklin (Communi:

3 May 1950. Member of the National Lawyers Guild,-127eDeaeMber 1950.

Attended "Bill of Rights" banquet, auspices of the Midwest Committee

. . for protection of Foreign Born tCommunist front).. Attended American

Peace Crusade Convention (Communist front), Coliseum, Chicago,-29

30, 1 July, 1951. Member of the Joe WEBBER Defense Committee::(Coem-

. unist), 11 April 1947. Signed open letter to Presidiiiit'EY.senhO:rerj .

• urging clemency for the ResenbeMejtiBiiilletbajile e .I.P.4":"7-

•• letter to Pr.V. -t: rAztt•Ii414:4,2 ;• nY..krr • rt • -4'; .•

tosimmunists. . if) '

••

(3)

.29 November, 1961\

• .../2LLAPMAN - IdolIL. Continued, financial support for the Freedom Riders., Sun-Times - 13 July

cHApmAN. Mrs. Landon, wife of Landon L: CHAPMAN . •

1441. DIAMANT, Hans T. - 7625 S. Yates Avenue (1958)

'Your address - 7625 S. Yates Avenue., Chicago, Illinois. This ,

card dates back to 1949 and has many entries in which his motor

hicle was observed•at meetings, demonstrations etc., of Communi!

'front organizations such as the National Labor Conference for Pe

Progressive Party; Robeson-testimonial panty; National Guardia

Midwest Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born, and the CO.

group.

• •

•

/53. EVERIST, Robert - 1736 White Street, Des Plaines, Illinois. Your

• • • address.(business) 127,N. Dearborn Street., Chicago, Illinois, Ur

• article, "Lets Be Fair', on leaflet distributed by.the Fair Play

Cuba Committee„19 June, 1961. ../56. FR IDLICH, Shirley. -02.957 W. Van Buren Street (1955) Your address

0 E. 33rd. street, icago, Illinois; Aliases - Shirley Gertrud

Grodsky, Mrs. Martin FREUNDLICH . •

As Shirley FREUNDLICH - CircUlated Progressive Party petition = 19;

Contacted by Rosenberg Committee, 1954. Had reservations for the

.; National Lawyers Guild banquet in 1954. One file of the American

Socialist Forum, 1955. On File, Midwest Committee for Protection o.

Foreign ,Borx,in 1954. As Shirlei-GRODSKY: - Represented Progressive Party urging vote'

aginst the Broyles Bills, 1949. Signed postcard to Department of

Immigration protesting the deportation of Vincent ANDRULIS (Comm-

. unist) 1950. Signed petition to end the Cold.War, Progressive' Part:

. Convention, Chicago Council of American Soviet Friendship, 1950.'

Present to lend moral support to Aaron BIND= (Communist) at the

• racial disturbance at 56th street and Peoria, 1950. Signed post-

card protesting the conviction of Edward SKRiVANEK (Communist, 1950.

Presented a medal as leading signature collector in World Peace

Appeal drive, 1950. Present at Mayor's office for demonstration

sponsored by the Civil•Rights Congress, 1951. Attended the May Day

Rally, Communist party, 1951. Listed with the-Labor Youth League

(Communist) 1951. Subscribes to the Daily Worker, 1951. Attended •

the Civil Rights Congress Convention, January 1952, Chicago. Ar-

ticle in the Daily Worker about her visit to Cuba over the New

Years week-end on a•tour organized by the Fair Play for Cuba Comm-

ittee, stating that "I think its a terrible mistake on the part of

'-our government to do such a thing`, Daily Worker of 1/15/61. JIn

1961 most of her activity is centered around activitlesi.of the Fair

Play for Cuba CommitteeL. ‘,61. GILMAN, John 2851 N. 1st. Milwaukee, our add,-esSe

2851 N. 1st., Chicago, Illinois (???*), 4no such addreis here.

Executive Secretary of the Wisconsin Civil itights'Congresst1955.

Took the Fifth Amendment before the sub-Committee on un-American

Activities, km. Appeat'ea as ='”,befeare the in-

veSt1A4iti=4 m.4.441tidp,q.acCalp

the Res-

.

(4) • •

• 29 November 1961 GILMAN, John, Continued

•

bell Committee", Article in the National Guardian, 1958. 1-/62. GOURFAIN, Ed. - 5200 South Kimbark Avenue, Chicago, linois,'

address: 5200 South Kimbark Avenue. Alias: Ed, A.S. GOURFAI;:l

As Ed GOURFAIN,- On mailing list, Chicago Committee to Secure

tic's in the tosenberg Case. 1953. Attended mass meeting pro:

ing the Till Case, Auspices of the National Associationfor the

vancement of Colored People, 1955, As A.S. GOURFAIN Jr;. Membe

• the Board of Diredtors of the Abraham Lincoln School, (Communi

1943. Attended Communist functionaries meeting, Ashland Boule-

Auditorium, 1946. Chairman of the Fourth Ward indepandent.VotE

of Illinois, 1946. Candidate for Alderman of the fourth ward,

backed by the Independent Voters of Illinois, polled 2,554 vote

1953. Dropped as a member of the board of directors of the Ind

pendent Voters of Illinois for left wing activity - 1947.. List

• on such left-wing, pro-Communist front groups as the Chicago Co

cil of the Arts Sciences and i'rofessions;. Civil Rights Congres

• ' Illinois Committee for•Freedom of the.Press; Fair Play for Cubs

Committee.

• 163. •GOURFAIN, Joyce.- 5200 S. Kimbark Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

Your address: 5200 South Kimbark Avenue. • Wife of Ed GOURFAIN - short story writer - attended the 1st ann

iversary of the American Peace Crusade, 1952. Attended meeting

of the, Progressive Party of Illinois, 1952. On the mailing list

of the Chicago Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case,

1953.` Attended the Claude Lightfoot (Communist), trial, hearings, eign Born, 1954. Held meeting in her home'for e.Fair Play For

1955. On file rith.the Midwest ComMittee for Poection of Yor-Cuba Committee, 1961. Reference for Mollie. M. GARCIA, who rented

a post. office box in the name of the Committee to Prevent War,. pc,

tober, 1961. . GREEN, Billie - 3001 W. Sunnyside Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

Your address - 3001 W. Sunnyside. - Sent greetings on the O th. •

Anniversary of the Daily Worker, 1944. Signed printed card dis-

tributed by the Midwest Committee for Protection oa" Foreign Born

(Communist front), demanding the release of Steve'ISERMEGiiS (Comm

unist), on bail; 1956.

• . KAUTT, L. E. - 2562 Estes Avenue (1950), 4606 N. Hermitage (195

Your address 2456 Estes Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. 2456 Estes Av

enue (1958). Progressive Party Ward CommitteemanOth Werd,.194

Identified with the Civil Rights Congress (ComMunist,Watnyjun

tions,during 1950 attended Bridges (CommunisthPefense Committee,

meeting, 1951. While recently in Cuba as a gUest of the Fair'Pla

.for Cuba Committee, he was punched in the face.;by an American -be-

-cause he allegedly uttered some anti-remarks regarding the Americ

form of government. Subscribes to the Daily Worker. 1/89. 'KELLEY, Ma .orie, 1102 E. 46th sty4et, ggk4,1...11174W

-Ps'iiF): r. t ■...

(1960)

Your add

AKA

vipxcl • • 57z4. Si KiMbath helrenA):

(6).

• 29 llovem.b MOLNAR, Anton J., Continued, octed position 3n these organizations, he appears to have

of the most avid Communists in our area during this Der is

of the Communist and Communist front groups which VLMR

include the following; All Slav Day Congress, Czech Work

ciety, the Southwest Chapter of the Progressive Party, In7.

al Workers Order #3221; State Committee Meeting of the Cc

Party, Chicago Council of the- Arts, Sciences and Professic

Day Rally of the Commtinist.party, the Labor Youth League, -

Hoc Committee of Chicago Trade Unionist's; Chicago and Coo:

Citizens Committee; Midwest Committee for the Protection c

Foreign Born,•the Civil Rights Congress, Chicago Negro, 'abc

• cil, American Peace Crusade Committee; All Nations Pres. C-

ittee.(Daily Worker), the National Committee to Securse Just

in the Rosenberg-Sobell Case, International Workers'order

• (joined in 1937), 'Illinois Committee for Freedom of the Pres

Chicago Joint Defense Committee to Defeat the Smith Act. Ve

ans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, Chicago Committee Tor Pa,

ROBESON (fund raising group in behalf-of Paul Robeson), Provf

cial Committee to Aid Victims of the Taft-Hartley Law;. Commi

for Defense of the First Am2Alent; Fair Play.for Cuba Commi.

4;0. NAIMAN, Sheldon, son of Max NAIMAN, attorney, .Communist party

'functionary in Chicago. O'CONNOR, ?at - 6720 Soirth Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

/our address, 6720 S. Ashland Avenue.

Business manager of the Secularist publication, 6639 S. Ashlar.

avenue, Chicago, Illinois; 1960. Attended. meeting of the Fair

'Play for Cuba Committee, May 1961. Active in picket line demo

stration against the Trailway bus. lines, 20 W. Randolph- street

to protest discrimination and segregation practiced by the con

pany in the South against Negroes, 12 June 1961. Assistant to

.John ROSSEN (prominent Chicago Communist) at 208 N: Wells str

office of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, 23 June 1961.: -Fa

.'Play for Cuba Committee functionary, 1961. Attended funeral s

ices for Mary MOLNAR, mother of Anton J. MOLNAR. -•.

,./125. OROZCO , Sean, 301 W. North Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, '

,' Your address - 303.W. North Avenue (samebuilding).

An ardent supporter of the African-Ameridan Heritage Associati

Attended meetings of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, and als

• conducts meetings in his home for the Fair Play for Cuba Comm-

- itteel 1961.

..*:-

PACK„Herman r 2118 N. Maplewood•Avenue,.Chicago;,:Illinois...

Your address - 2118 N. Maplewood Avenue. •

- ..Subject is twenty-eight years of age (1934),.merriedelegat

to the High Cost of Living Committee for the.' thirty-second

Workercr local #553. His Ford, 1941 Illindi*lidefige;number #9

592, observed parked in th0 Vicinity of th:5. ChAage,STaditt8

MM ing a CoUiiint fAi-W t41,:.1

(7) .

0 29 November

/ PFEIFFER, H. W. (Harry), Continued, 4714 North Fremont avenue (1942). True name is ' Johanne

OPFEIFFER, Married, forty years of age, 5'7", 205# (1933).

Candidate for Alderman of the 36th Ward on the Communist par

ticket, 2/28/33. Arrested 3/30/33 far disorderly conduct and

- Communist party demonstrations. Fine $25.00 And Costs, 5/16/.

Arresteden released in attempted hunger strike, March Demonst.

tions.20 July 1933. Arrested 7/28/33 at 2014 N. Major Avenue for passing out hand

Charged with disorderly conduct. Arrested 8/5/33.et 4537 Full .

• ton Avenue, Disorderly conduct, Discharged 8/7/33 by Judge Gut.

knecht.. Candidate for Congress on the Communist party ticket,

34; Daily Worker, Arrested' 0/28/34 North Avenue and Mozart st

Demonstration , charged with disorderly. conduct. Communist car.

Ate for Reprdsentative, 25th District on the Communist party ti

11/3/34. Fine ;350.00 and costs by Jury, 12/14/34, Judge Jonas

the arrested of 9/28/34. Communist candidate for Alderman.of 1

36th Ward - received 436 votes, Tribune, 2/27/35. Naturalized -

under Johannes )Pans PFEIFFER; took part in victory celebration

ade, 6/14/42 , (picture in Chicago sun newspaper, 6/15/42. Gave

• • name as HarrysTIFER, United electrical Union member. Secretary,

Prck,ressive German-American society, one of the sponsors of.the

May Day Rally, Union Park, Chicago, Illinois, May 1, 1948. Iden-

tified as a Communist.by Carl NELSON, Februarya959.Member of loc

130 Plumbers Union wrote letter telling of his visit to_CUba; Wog

er, 2/12/61..

. • •

• — •

*

128. PLEASANT, Gladys - 1412 E. 57th street (1957), 2206'N. Tripp (19,

Your address - 2206 N. Trip Avenue. . . •

• Wife of Royeade PLEASANT (Communist - deceased). Nee Gladyso, riEA'

y! • was Mrs. P. RIMENSBERGER. Her L;hevrolet, 1957 Illinois license #

2354 was parked in vicinity of Alfred WAGENETECHT (Communist) ded

ication services, Waldheim ueMetary - 1957. Her Chevrolet, 195$

license observed parked in the vicinity of Paul ROBESON birthday

party celebration, 4/11/58, auspices of the Chicago Council of Am.

' erican - Soviet Friendship. Made funeral arrangements for her hu

:band Roy Wade PLEASANT. z'uneral announcements in'the newspaper

asked that flowers be omitted, but that memorials could be made t.

..the Suburban Youth Council of the National Association for Advanc

ment.of Colored People. School teacher in Chicago, 'heddore,Herz.

Elementery School) 1 June 1961. -

4433: PLEUNE, Katherine (Kitty), 6042 S. Ingleside Avenue, Chicago, Ill

inois, 1960. Your address - 6042"S. Ingleside Avenue, Permanen

residence - Orange, New Jersey. Subject came to the attention of

this Unit in 1960. She has been very active in racial disturban-

• ces, through picket demonstrations, in.Chicagosince-1960. 4a •

fused to answer questions.as to her affiliationsj.n.the Communist

party. Sentenced to four months in jail inVjadke'en,liissiSsippi,

and fined 0200.00, on a breach.of the peacchargesc.emanating

-from desegregation attempts in that state,;4una 1961. ,Participa-

ted:in„,-"Wade activities of desegregat:4iii CO:aea

At /7,ft1:14t beach

lj

cprr(;.c.i.lr amity

• -...

0 ' (8) PLEUNE , Katherine.(Kittv), Continued, to the 1958-59 student register. Attended Freedom' Riders 7

i Student Peace Union Demonstrations, and Fair Play for Cuba

ittee meetings during 1961.

29 Uoyembez 1961. i, ' .4 • ROSENSHINE , Ncithan,, Detroit, Michigan. * •

•

Supported appeal for amnesty of Communist leaders convicted

the Smith Act May 1553. Sponsory (honorary) of a Conference

. • repeal the Walter - Mc Carran Law and to defend the Rights o.

.joh;Inne Bans -s eign Born, auspices of the MidweSt Committee for Protection

. (193T) Foreign Born, February 1955.

, .

.

':-I'unist party conduct and; 46-47. ROSSEN, Jerry and Betty, 5715 S. Dorchester Avenue, Chicago.

'';ts, 5/16/33. : -. Your address: 5715 S. Dorchester Avenue:

rch Deconstra-'' . Children of"Jelin and Louise ROSSEN , only recently becoming ac

in front groups.

I out hand bil' t•

.

4537 Fuller-;, 148. ROSSEN,. John - most recent address: 5715 Blackstone Avenue Cl

J4dze Gut_ ! 7 ticket 6/ • John ROSSEN has'been an active Communist, and active in commun:

:csart front groups since 1940. He was organizational secretary of t:

: ..nast candii Communist party of t. Louis, and a candidate for M or of St.

stre eBbuis on the Comm1st ticket0.942. Among his _ lases are j

party tick( . EN, Albert J.0ROSEN , Jacob ,OSENBERG: . Seldon FENCER , and

'e Jonas on: . CIDER. It is believed he came to Chicago from St. Louis, Mo.,hE

'ail'Of thi the end of the 1950 season, when he took up residence-at 2922 Nc

=!ical;all Racine avenue. Since then ROSSEN has held many offices dn Com=

front organizations, and has been one of the leaders in dessemim,

Cave j • ting propaganda through the medium of motion pictu2es. Testifie:

zetary, 1 7 . that'll° WAS a Communist while office manager of the American Pei

?f.the 1 * Crusade, Daily News (chiCago), 3/27/56.*

OPICt : INVOKED the f ifth Amendment when questioned by the House un-Amer:

,a; Worj -. Activities COMmittee in Chicago, Chicago Tribune, 3/28/57. •Becar,

i active in the Chicago Chapter, Fair Play for Cuba Committee, abet

P (19 October 21, 1960.

, • ...,,■✓14 . ROSSEN, Louise 34715 S. Dorchester venue (Wife of John ROSSEN)

AKA - Mrs. John ROSSEN, - alias L.S. SPENCER.

si.e$1 ' Subject first came to our attention as the wife of John ROSSEN ,

'fie # when he was a candidate for Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri, in 194:

.ect Has written many articles in the Daily Worker (Communist official

- organ). since 1250. She is listed as part of the management of tb

. Cinema Annex theatre, operated by her husband to show Communist

propaganda pictures , ,1952. Louise ROSSEN has been active in mar

Communist front organizations since her arrival in Chicago. She

is one of the incorporators of the Maverick Publishing Company,

. ' Inc., a newspaper which leans to the left in its writings. 5/1/5S

Became active in the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. in October 196C

153. • SARETTE, Helen - 5548 Kenwood- Avanue-,' Chicago, Illinois.

Your address - 5548 Kenwood Avenue. . •

.*Identified with the Fair Play for Cuba Committee for We.first

time in February 1961.

1162. ElErl,p4eis 1405e0A.14i1FawRoMaurti .1961.,

§utoLcu (1,-, Nn 11 the tn.:. 1 t "-.,,r -r,.r.. 'n:.it.•P rc:-.t..r. ;a:161,—

. • •

• w go • •

. •

•

a 29.Novembor 1961.

. SUMNER, Angus Jr.l. Continued, Elected Treasurer of the Chicago chapter of the Fair Play:Fs:

Cuba Committee, 1960, (August), throughout 1960 and 1961, he

has been active almost exclusively with the Fair Play for Cut.

• Committee. l2.79.' TANNENBAUM, Doreen, 18 E. Chestnut Street (business), 741 Ncr:

Wabash Avenue Cresidence), Your address Chicago, Illinois.

Signed Progressive Party petition, November elections, 9/9/50.

Member of the International Workers Order, Lodge 7".484, Joined

May 1949. Born 1919. IWO (Communist Insurance organization).

- On the mailing list of the Chicago Committee to Secure Justice

in the Rosenberg Case - October 1953. 182. TALMI, Harriet, (Trotskyite), 1956, Michigan.

• . vv-arAddress: 692 W. Forest, Detroit, 1, Michigan.

'Active in the Socialist Party during her time as an undergrad-

uate•student at Wayne University, 3/2/50, Wrote article for the

"Socialist pg>er "The Young Socialist", and became correspond:

ing Editor for the some publication, May 1960, Socialist Workers

Party candidate for State Treasurer, according to the Militant,

9/26/60. 186. VEIL, Peter, 509 Hyde Park Boulevard (1961), Chicago,t Illin

ois, Your address - Chicago, Illinois.

Sponsor, Chicago Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, 1959. L

'Photographer by•prOfession. Attended meeting of the Fair Play

For Cuba Committee at home. of Mrs. and Mrs. Aaron GOURFAIN, Jane

1961. V/187. WARD, Judith, 716 Conklin Court, Chicago, Illinois.

Former address, 716 Conklin Court, Madison, Wisconsin. Judith

•WARD's present addreis is 6106 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IllinOid

Wife of Richard E. WARD; both made trip to Cuba last December,

'1960, sponsored by the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. Richard H.

WARD has been active. in pro-Commnist causes since 1953* Ho vis-

ited the Soviet Union in 1954 for which he had much praise. He

'vas Managing editor of the Chicago Maroon, University of Chicago,

student newspaper in 1953, and assisted in organizing a group of

college editors for the'purpose of visiting the Soviet Union and

report on conditions there (1953), '

407

...•■■■•••••....ftsw es:rroom•

•

• • •

PHONE. MAC/NOLL& 0040 • 000 CANAL ST. AND 107 DECATUR ST. • NEW ORLEANs. LA... u. s.

0

SERVICE TO SEA.1SEN OUR 'SPECIAL CLOTHING • SHOES • LUGGAGE • RAINWEAR • APPLIA.N•

• \ GRUNBL A. T T

• • •

TEAMS:

J a: a

' .

•

DATE

• .

7111■11•11....b.r..

•

Parish of Crleans State of Louisiana )

Adrian Alba

, being first duly sworn

according to law, deposes and says:

U. S. - Secret Borvico' .•

I have been advised by Special Agent A. C. Via l, . that under the provisions of the Constitution I cannot be compelled to

be a witness against myself and knowing that anything I may say may be

used against re, I wish to make the following statement of my own tree

and accord without coercion or threats and without promise of

immunity. . •

. • -

This statement is a voluntary act on my part, prompted by my desire to

• tell the facts and I do not expect to gain any rewarclor special con-

sideration by reason of having made this statement.

• I am132 years of tee and X as married. I have sirz'Ohildren.. I am a part crier

• . and the operator of the Crescent City Garage, 613 Fcgasine Bt., Vow Orleans, La.

The Crescent City-Caravels located neztdoor to the William B. Rally Coffas Co.,

- •

• •

• I

. . . •

have been she n this data a small photogre71 of a vhito male. '/ recosnica tae

person in this photograph to be Loa Harvey Csuald whose picture has appeared in

the local newspapere on a number of occasions. Concerning this man,. I would like

to furnish the following information. . ' A ample of months ago, I do not remember the exact date, Lee rarvey Oswald, vho

was known to me as to'svaldn, and who worked at the leiliam B. roily Coffee Co.,

woad come frequently to the office of the Crescent City Came, and he veuld read

magazines about tuns that I had in the office. The tagazines in vestion warp, •

The Shooters* rook of Guns, Cum and ranting. We have all types of sporting

magazines in the offiCe but Oswald always rend the gun magazines. .

I on interested in guns and ao vao C ld. t bad a' Japanese 6.5 millimeter rifle

At the Earage. Oswald handled this gun but disrlayed no particular interact in it

I bad a Springfield, 30.06 (;0 caliber) rifle at the garage also. Neither rifle

had a scope. ,esuald handled On Springfield but he shoved no particular interest

in this gun. -I belong to the Yational Niue Aceociation and I had mentioned to .

Oswald that I hod ordered a carbine throvhtha U. He asked me if I could order

one for him and I told him no. re asiecd ma if I would consider parting with mina

when I received it. I told hip I would not. -. Subsequent to the conversation about the carbine, Oswald continued to came to**

erica. Ea aokad me on several occasions if I. had received.the carbine and I told

him I had not. Ho =verdict talk about trying to •bul•tho carbina agymoreafter

the first oocation.:

- . - . •

-2-

... . I did not know Oswald until he wen

▪

t to w• ork for the William B. Roily Coffee

I only know him or became acquainted with hilt by

reason of the fact that he

came to my- office next to tha coffee corn by

to look at Etrj gun raagaal.nes. He told me on one occasion that he would be /caving

the coffee company. and h

... had

made an application at the Nichoud Plant and that he expected to get

on

He said it' he did .gct on there, he expected to ma

. Fce.plenty. o.f money, ., I deal;

know the date om- whicli he left the coffee' company., " — '

--.4-•;' - --- I never met any:of

.his friends or,relatives. vIt.ie my opinion, that he had ab

.. average:'Icawledge:at:firearms:.,.: Col :7t7.....:.-7.:

I c..:,Lri:2zo. i::::--t;;;;--7,:-":'"77.17

,;-.7 .*: L..1.1.::.:-.7 :. ;..,...-.:.:...,;.• : I.:. ,......,4 ,... .. .... ,,, ,.. . ,. _ - •:.- --..-, vo

I:hive 4

-high: school-eau.cati.on. I can -read .azit.:rite and .I underStand. what I

. ..._......_____.__ •

• helprrie-Cd. I. have road-thin:

understand It.; .,daCtar' to-be -the truth

. .

Mitt nt is a v3/„ntu_.).- ..•.ct on my pa:., ,3". ,..._!,__ :,..„,-77-2e,.__,!.--,-...H.:_f

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•

.., 4 . ...

•;.1.P. V... . r.- ._r.- .,,, p..4.-; of NOvember .196,3 .at .New. Orleans L •

2 R:n

4,subscribed and sworn to before rte. this_ 2,5thz ,...,...

eidoration ly, ^e- SO,.1 9, h.ivIna' PI .i •••!/.._1...'" 3 : ...• ,O.-le:It. "."- -

.

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..- :. '... .1 a'. ..-' .:.' -,.,

•.1:-.:. t, :,..4f,.

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,..,. .,,. 1, • !:' $PeCi...91 Agerr4 - .,„:.,...

• i

.7 •'i i''7- i' Fmf0 r1,.:..S. ,. Servic

e

t 1 . 11 1.1.■

1...• ;''.r:-.•tl t,• •! .1 -•.!•-•,-

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WITNESS

.

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e;: *: c/. 407

•

I •

0. •

Parish of Orleans . State of Louisiana

• - .Adria.n Alba

, being first duly sworn

• according to law, deposes and says: I have been advised by Special Agent A. 0. V4112 U. S. Secret Service

that under the provisions of the Constitution I cannot be compelled to

be a witness against myself and knowing that anything I may say may be

:1- ',used against me, I wish to make the following statement of my own free

"will and accord without coercion or threats and without promise of

' immunity. 'I •

The Crescent City Garage is located nextdoor to the William B. near Coffee Co.,

/no.

.

• I have been shown this date'a small photograph of a white male. I recognize the

person in this photograph to be Leo Harvey Oswald whose picture has appeared in

the local newspapers on a number of occasions. Concerning this man, I would like

to furnish the following information.

•

A couple of months ago, I do not remember the exact date, Lee Harvey Osweld, who

was known to me as "Oswald", and who worked at the William B. Rsily Coffee Cot,

would come frequently to the office of the Crescent City Garage, and he would read

magazines about guns that I had in the office, The magazines in question were,

The Shooters' Book of Guns, Guns and Hunting. We have all types of sporting

magazines, in the office but Oswald always read the gun magazines. .

I am interested in guns and so was Oswald. I bad a Japaneee 6.5 millimeter rifle

at the garage. Oswald handled this gun but displayed no particular interest in it

I had a Springfield, 30.06 (30 caliber) rifle at the garage also. Neither rifle

had a scope, Oswald handled the Springfield but he showed no particular interest

in this gun. I belong to the National Rifle Association and I had mentioned to .

Oswald that I bad ordered a carbine throughthe nu. He asked me if I could order, .

. one for him. and I told him no.' He asked me if I would consider parting with mine

when I received it. 'I told him I would not.

Subsequent to the conversation about the carbine Oswald continued to come to my

office. He asked me' on several occasions if I LI received the carbine and I told

him I had not., Ile'never did talk about trying to bio the carbine anymore-after

the first oecasion..•;„ _

407 • a• •

• This statement is a voluntary act on my part, prompted by my desire to • '

tell the facts and I do not expect to gain any reward, or special con-

sideration by reason of having made this statement., .-.

• I am 32 yearn of age and I-manarried. 'I have six 'children., I am a part owner

.- and the'operator-ofthe Crescent City 618 Magazine.Stt, New Orleans, La,

Subscribed and sworn- to before me this 25th day of November 1963 at Hew Orleans, La.

Special Agent: : U. S. Secret Service WITNESS

Agent Secret Service

:Authority to administer oath t 5 USG 93 . .

•

467

0 I did not know Oswald until he vent to work for the William B. Belly Cof.::

I only know him or became acquainted with him by reason of the fact that

came to'py office next to the coffee company to look at py gun magazines.

Be told me on one occasion'that he would ba leaving the coffee company est

had made nn application at the Nichoud Plant and that he expected to get c

He said if he did gat on there, he caseated to make plenty of money. I dc

know the date on which he left the coffee company. . .

I never mot any of his friends or relatives. It is my opinion that he had

average knowledge of firearms. I have a high school education. I can read and write and I understand what

I have read this statement and I understand it. I declare it to be the tru

help me God.

Adrian

• • t.. .11‘).1.1 •

• ' c:* . •

•

CONTACT NEW PARTY

CO LLECT DEPOSIT

if P.;.

NjrA't

AMA or

j: No' • r

ET SER • t No. 2-1 POWER GAS !/1 TkaNs•CA

.P' Srkttr

1 coptctftx 1•CX Se it.) /4- L. 1 NW

ADORESS •

(ell'

ACCOUNT NUAInta

I

L. • CAPT.LtZeCK.C.1.4174..zo.,,c

.„. .,,,,,,tstto% I 2C. 0)00. NA. 07 0.0. NOTICES I C.O. fot V.P. AO. GI VTR- 1(03,

C00.1 CODE C.)01 V".' 1401 c . .

•

c SIO. • •••

NIC.0. ton.

• • X As

mr. CODE',

APT.

MOVED FROM

ACCOUNT MUNGER

LOC. COX

REC.. [CO.

. - COAST.

12400 NO. COOK CORA

SitC.DATI ALADIAO

:ICC. PAM IILADIAS

XOVTL I 101.10

MCTX1100. •

DIV. sass us xul,• Ix CODE coat xx 1-.. e •

OAT' COON •

CODS DO. 10 0.0. NoTicrt C O. FOR so. ori 01,1.0503i% 1, OW,

104.

• ,

.GAS 01310 . .101C.. DATA

VOTE Cope

[WIC !MIX NO. CDNII1A *

1 " tAING :;150111 DEPOSIT

-/5/- 3. LAC-r ADDRESS A LAU, CNICA 411.0. 10 A A4T.0

••••••• -•DA x"..ai.g/...r,". • • - • ■4 MDC :40::r0InCtft:a • •

gT;ISIT _t •

""OVAL.

A I ;

ON 10PI AT 0C1111 • fa/ AT: POLL •*.

01.0 .0i01011

• I 713017 Mcvy1 IU

SPECIAL. INS CTD MSI

EXECUTE AND RETURN •••• VERIFY NEW CUSTOMES.

meies MO 01110 "' ' • I DID 017105 " •

111000

NO M EX watt %Ns's' ADDUCED $11.1. ISOM

41.102104Elf TE 010000

imilet IS OLD 1,61•DNI

MAIN EFT LASION • ••• se Wale/ •• • • • • ••

OC77- ■••" I. -X*V:.)

6—(••14 ../27, /"A•Z'i4-42 • • •

••• • " . • •

METER DEPT FIELD ORDER NO

DATE —METER DEPT TIME

" FIELD ORDEA.NO •

• . •

• . •

• .

. • . • • •

• .

. . .

. • • •

. ' .

• . . . •

• . .

•

• . .

•. •

• .•

f::

: of........0". .

. s • . ... . . • . ' . ' . ... • • , . •

o

•

. .

orfeo-„,6,,,

-; • . . .....-:. - ..-- r.... ......

1 • CUSTOMER'S-APPLICATION AND COI-17R ;CT VATI-It :avi-Orti.,..7ANS PPLIC SVICE. :NC. -- - -... •

•.,

il /1 - •.-• I.., Los Orleans le '..•"-.

-Onekssigoed. heteinefter c.se...1 cusromeg, proems NEW 0?(EAN.:. PubeiC ii2V,ICE WC., .4' .w. .s, .,........., ,,i......-rsit,........, Com;:•Nr.-.... ...c....

'.'.• 'Y togeiCe connections: ant to tutiftafr ELECTRIC sod/or GAS eervice to C.stouner,nnyi.s.• en me foi.otv g sp.:tine terms and cona.nonli

- Custom./ agrees ithatyt Iceviettese,;t1 Ins banished ender the ter re and nor" 'co.2.,....0.,...e.shes seddforiccd lows sot lath lit . . . .. ... -• :

I LCHEISOLE . rt

- thereto,, on file witin.lies tepalttery outhority and under such (val.*. tawny-as,' ezrio.s.snr cy.esergeteinafter sat fords. • / '

'''' . ...Wes NATIaAL CAS ECOEC•:I.E.T.L- -`...,:..-..--:-..--.2..•-, or any aree. wisCriznit a; toss,:sieit ... ths•cei s.......• a,.. t.',......fij.te in,

Customer below:lb' depaics with Company this tuns of . g • g . ..••

.

..

...:!, .or ttp payment el e!ectr% service furisished.• end dm tern of

•

s. .

Golfers• if ••• , • . ". . .

- for the p.,:amenr of gat service furnished, which deposits that be .npeatvo if ....,-."-y 'C. snotact COmPey. LosPOsin Shall Lit, fekosl.d...••Tfis.4°Vi......s..-.6 •

:span neiec by Cussensos that service is no longer rocivireet, lets all acne ants de s 1 s any 02.41.

Cottasner nrces that the point of delivery of the olocteic sisd,•os g ts service ..•so I...,...t Pp. s:sed be at the pent wl"ore Corripsny's service wire: ao.:).'n, rat

;Sine huvtd...ry of Cuvoiner's Property .'a, ;at test Customer ;$ a lessrs, than ai•Ii., 000.1 Aware said service wins and:Or gas Y,"scs .a.., the bAsl-.4..1 .i •'... '

aserty; and that Comp-ny shall not be'liable to Cystomes or any of his ta• i‘aa',.. gots. ,sresolt Or sonpleLocs. or ,to env person v.:on:sower, _fee .o., 4,.. 4,... •

• :..0 (wan Ow 64■41 •tectrie .dlese gas sonnet or Rs ass after it :cries sin ca•In: of delivosY, arena fos any lots, a...VI., or ''."..ss'Y FoTo9'.1.4._„'" 'f.; •

It In at.,:t• *U10. 04..elt, molest, or other egvipment *weed by Csmt.aoy es;M:o boundary of SelOS osoperty, prodded, that tech Ceseas Sr. eat ems...a ..-,

,,. o.` h., OqOOSSi.fe,,So>. or emelOYeseti•OS by any person tar who,: CLaroreer it reaoor,b:a or over whom Com000y bac no ccpprol. • - • -.- -

Ome.mY is hereby ...thee:sod to install. oittais ••••1 •••■•ter, a secer or meNtS alai ismer ayuipmant of suitable rapacity' end' eosin. to or...of. the 4/.4- ".

at are:. usfabr.ed hereunder. The foods. of such meter cc met,* and ecnaoment 0,3 be-Prof:fled by and at the 0,P...se .CE•t!.O. Coate/rat and'Iuth lo-

at a place on PL... set;steCtory to the Company. Company esti its. Gs; Knot to said meters and ss,ofproont at all /441041.1O1O tlene,. and no OYO

s,t agent of this Company shall be permitted to remote on tan.Orer WOh Lam. -

. . .... -

'I Wrest. p:pes, motors, eels:preen% ate, ;totalled at Corroany'a 's.a.e.., raft away roman COmpany's property and shall he peaceably yielded is Cent'

otZnoant• Of service for any cause.

Y • t

tremor shall he lishle for any damage to prop.fly of Coropans, 'teased by soy an OS neglipeei. of Cur:refs hia ..01 her Monts, 47.4nte or ensp.ose,s.

-on an 'nom:as by kens. of Customer. .

• • .

.

•

.' !s for electric and/ct•pet seryke furnished as indioned by tho Company's more, on .71.14rf; shall ice • renderod monthly; sernfsmontnlyor oreotty, et •Cdm. .. .

- ..

. •

.

s'olosols" under lids COnkeal . shall . mean the period be:we, ze, :no consoent;so regular read:ape by Coml.-4..1 tics' mere, 44 sodion-uL this rosSAA4f.rt

sensing, to be taken as nearly an may be ptactkabla ever, thirty ;33: days.

.

.met ..t.sces to pay bills at Cornaini:', of flee on riser ddIY slhrsirtJ 47rrsa an or before the Gas Dee shown on she bill, If any b■11 is not paid he

'doe. Company may suspend delivering aleCtei, and/or gas .Srei:e ,0 Om:sines soul UKs bid shall have bvon paid, but II.* Itsc.C.Se Of sncR spa' :Y.!!

' .0 any end 'all other remedies Own...se aveilable to Company. Whenever a Customer"a electric and/er pas service A suspended on account of the bin ..iad

. due. service will be restaffed on payment of the bill end a thee to for reconnect:on.

war shall be responsibte fec all eteetrk ondlor gas service furnished unekt this Com:act until disci:intim...3. thereof. after notice by Customer to Conn )-

•L

• •

... --. ..... -.. . .

at bills shall be doe and payable, en or helot. the Owe Dote anwren On the bill. bill, rendered upon dlatoatinuanee of service shall be .si... and payable c..

'fiat soill'hof oso any Oahe; electric and/or gas sanike its co•Yection with Company's tentice without wines. mount of ComPaoy. L ' :

set agrees nor to retell on share with ethers service suPPfisd f.otdons■dr. .

. . .•

ingsany abaft not ha responsible, fee any failure, shown,* or Irdartaphon in rho dal:wiry of apply of seethe or pas Smke, whether due !es Acts of

• eels, or what induttrial disturbances, acts of Ossbk onset;..; mars: tr ,oer•sdes; is"Terraal:ene: riots; sersiden ;cs, Coen arrears or ret,ISalif of svives end o 1.

•• s: toteelutoa .or oac:dents.tossnackmaty or• $4.1en the. noca.si,y at tuseing r.oe•rs SY...i:St •Obs.riOrs. OS mad.:r.ety a p;past Sadden. p...,4: or ear.. f.,I. ;

,t' .•,,,, gas wesiet ftnisiots of molts, Pipes or mann% req.ifernants of dvirastie consnnuis; or to any other canto, whether of the kind herein enan.co• . ' •

• sithin she control et dm Company sod which by the •s..rcisse a tae thl•lqc :co ins CSmosoy is unable to overcome. Veit ensue: Cr coot:re:et:ores ai'c.t. • ' ;

'.•Lf Custeowea ;dant shalt relay Customer of ohnatolon to t.as ob:bic cc of, sufi.., white taco casts shall continue, provided eta! Coat..., ah,:i 7

' Company in *Wald, of wen. even, .Lno Company shall n sumo scoply and Cut,Ce.Or sne.1 felons,. r.,.S.:... such M., in. .1,,,, sir s Clot., OS CO,O.S.

.Csfle.oer than Nye notified COO.O.OY Of wading thereof. Ito dates of teeh ..t.ohytt shall be eons:darod is the tibia that Sods coasee Oironr:r...;..o.doi • •,.

•Peatiuuty. ,pony is hereby euthorfeed and emaewt,td to cut off supp'y of •Secivic and/or gas service end to ee.nove its meters and, other isseOrsetv .0......-s...r ,

s, ... upon vita:alien' by 'Customer or any of "Ma farms rat MAIO.... he:cor, Or Of de tads acheduto afentaid. or "to peetset :beep •ftsof ft...4AT eteeo.

: .thall notify Company in writing of any change or cop, etotated abi..se, in tio connected load of his or het„Lpstaiiations .,...,,••••5 /7: e• G • 7,-. --•

oar is oof transfersb:0; •acept, with the wrilltin irceyst dl the -Conf,,ny -/. - ..://

sires presently detipeived by '11w -Customer are •• ./ I •••"' • ... -• - • •..--7--:. --

. .7,1(-.7 c''y .t. 9-, -...01.1,1:•-• b• y• --•••:: ' e..• • • '

..,..7.11,..r.da .1•40tyhe.mceptenca of fosh•eolk. by Comp.ny, and es rt.e ev...t of seen cotta troct/top.ttge, .11 if ondr....:Co1 1014_..stertea'Sbr %■11',...."...."

. . ... .

^ ,

e fasnished,nder .the terms end. conditions of this Cows.; shall bo-teativud rod peel; fist• •y .C.;siemer for . petiol. of ono year .frOth .the. 'tn.

yf thetsa fore, until ,... -nuciee• I enecominuan“ theleof is. givon by•Casunent to Cuvossty. , ..g.

. (..

..NS Pli011 71V/CE INC... -

.

' f•T'•'• .‘*.-‘:- a .e.' ..ic:7:-.4-'77 :-,..c?„.... ..s

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• 4.

Maw

r T

EE

Aor

mon

C

orl

iss

Lam

ont

has

long b

een k

now

n a

s a

vigo

rous

adv

ocat

e of

int

erna

tion

al c

oope

rati

on

and w

orl

d p

eace

. E

ver

since

coll

ege

days

—he

was

gra

duat

ed f

rom

Har

vard

in

1924

and

too

k hi

s P

h.D

. at

Col

umbi

a in

193

2—he

has

wor

ked

devo

tedl

y fo

r su

ch c

ause

s as

civ

il l

iber

ties

, the

•

righ

ts o

f ra

cial

min

orit

ies,

int

erna

tion

al u

nder

-st

andi

ng a

nd th

e ab

olit

ion

of w

ar.

Hum

anis

t phi

loso

pher

, wri

ter

and

teac

her,

Dr,

L

amon

t w

as a

sta

unch

sup

port

er o

f th

e L

eagu

e of

Nat

ions

whi

le i

t w

as i

n ex

iste

nce,

and

is

pres

-en

tly

a m

embe

r of

the

Am

eric

an A

sioc

iati

on f

or

• th

e U

nit

ed N

ati

ons

and t

he

Fore

ign P

oli

cy

Ass

oci

ati

on. H

e is

als

o V

ice-

Chair

man o

f th

e E

mer

genc

y C

ivil

Lib

erti

es C

omm

itte

e an

d C

hair

-m

an o

f th

e B

ill

of R

ight

s F

und.

He

has

trav

eled

w

idel

y an

d ha

s pu

blis

hed

book

s on

phi

loso

phy,

ci

vil l

iber

ties

and

Sov

iet a

ffai

rs. H

e ha

s ta

ught

at

. C

olu

mbia

Univ

ersi

ty, C

orn

ell,

Harv

ard

and t

he

New

Sch

ool f

or S

ocia

l Res

earc

h, a

nd is

now

lec-

turi

ng a

nd w

riti

ng e

xten

sive

ly a

bout

the

cau

ses

in w

hich

he

beli

eves

.

• Cop

yrig

ht 2

981

by B

asic

Pam

phle

ts

• F

irst

pri

ntin

g, T

une

1987

?d

ory

Red

mer

, Edi

tor

THE

CR

IME

AG

AIN

ST C

UB

A

by

Coar

ass

LA

motr

r •

Wal

ter

Lip

pman

, dea

n of

Am

eric

an c

olum

-ni

sts,

has

ref

erre

d to

the

Ken

nedy

Adm

inis

tra-

tion

's s

uppo

rt o

f th

e an

ti-C

astr

o m

ilit

ary

vent

ure

in C

uba

as a

n ap

pall

ing

and

colo

ssal

mis

take

. B

ut t

he a

bort

ive

Apr

il i

nvas

ion

was

wor

se t

han

that

. It w

as a

n ou

trig

ht c

rim

e ag

ains

t the

Cub

an

peo

ple

; an

d i

t w

as a

lso a

cri

me

agai

nst

the

Am

eric

an p

eopl

e, a

gain

st th

e U

nite

d N

atio

ns a

nd

agai

nst w

orld

pea

ce.

• P

resi

dent

Eis

enho

wer

mus

t sha

re th

e re

spon

si-

'bil

ity

wit

h. P

resi

dent

Ken

nedy

for

this

ent

erpr

ise

in i

nter

nati

onal

im

mor

alit

y. A

s co

lum

nist

Wil

-li

am V

. Sha

nnon

sai

d in

the

New

Yor

k P

ost

of

Apr

il 9,

196

1: "

Bac

k in

late

195

9, th

e E

isen

how

er

Adm

inis

trat

ion d

ecid

ed t

o a

pply

to C

uba

the

Gua

tem

ala

trea

tmen

t.' T

hat

is, t

he N

atio

nal

Se-

curi

ty C

ounc

il g

ave

C.l

A. D

irec

tor

Dul

les

the

go-a

hea

d t

o o

rgan

ize

the

Cuban

exil

es, tr

ain

a m

ilit

ary

forc

e an

d pl

an a

n in

vasi

on o

f C

uba.

"'

• In

195

4 E

isen

how

er's

sca

nt o

f th

e br

othe

rs A

llen

W.

• an

d Jo

hn F

oste

r D

ulle

s, S

ecre

tary

of

Sta

te, e

ngin

eere

d th

e do

wnf

all o

f th

e pr

ogre

ssiv

e G

uate

mal

an G

over

nmen

t he

aded

by

Pre

side

nt A

rben

z. T

his

was

acc

ompl

ishe

d th

roug

h co

vert

U. S

. mil

itaz

y an

d ot

her

aid

to th

e an

ti-

gover

nm

ent

forc

es... •

- •

• 3

0

•. • 0

On

Janu

ary

3, 1

961,

Eis

enh

ther

ance

of

thi

th

mai

ler

Fid

el

1316

113

In h

is 1

9 ns

p

P

m;

seve

red

e :i; P

atti '?

in

fu

r.

60 e/

ectio

n ca

mpa

ign,

Pre

side

nt K

en

- A

Cas

tro'

s go

vern

men

t. at

ic re

/a-

nedy

on

Oct

ober

20, i

ssue

d a

spec

ial s

tate

men

t

C

abou

t Cub

a, c

laim

ing

that

th

e _R

ussia

ns h

ad

th

•

esta

blis

hed

"a n

ew s

atel

lite

" th

ere,

and

ugg

est-

in

g th

at th

e U

nite

d St

ates

Gov

ernm

ent s

houl

d 13

:

help

to

tren

gthe

n th

e "d

emoc

rati

c

an

even

tual

hop

e of

ove

rthr

owin

g C

astr

o.

rces

ins ex

ile,

and

in

Cub

a it

self

, who

off

er

tin

This

sta

tem

ent

by K

enne

dy ar

ouse

d co on

side

r-

by

able

mis

ggs

amon

g li

bera

ls a

nd p

rogr

essi

ves

ou

t

Incl

udin

g m

ysel

f, w

ho ha

d -2

ozne

out

in s

uppo

rt ;

Pre

s

, a

ll Ch,

he

lp

of S

taff

appr

oved

the

mili

tary

asp

ects

of

of h

is c

andi

dacy

. but

mos

t of

us

felt

tha

t hi

s to

ugh

atti

tude

tow

ards

the

Cas

tro

regi

me

ums

;11113e

1;

polit

ica/

eyew

ash

desi

gned

to c

atch

rig

ht-w

ing

ala

Ivor

() gu

ilty

oft

wis

hful

thin

king

. vo

tes.

Sub

seen

t ev

ents

mad

e it

cle

ar t

hat

we

,• II

n

the

earl

y, pr

e-da

wn

hour

s of

Apr

il 17

, 196

1,

som

e

I.50

0 C

uban

exi

les

and

refu

gees

--re

crui

ted,

or

gaiz

ed, s

ubsi

dize

d an

d ar

med

by th

e C

entr

al

Inte

llige

nce

Age

ncy,

a su

bdiv

isio

n of

the

Am

eri-

can

Coy

ernm

ent-

-inv

aled

C

uba.

T

his

arm

y

• ca

me

in bo

ats

supp

lied

by

the

C.I

.A.,

wit

h gu

ns

and

tank

s su

ppli

ed b

y th

e C

.I.A

., an

d w

ith fi

ght-

in

g pl

anes

sup

plie

d

by th

e C

./..A

. The

aim

was

to

4

secu

re a

bea

chhe

ad in

Cub

; to

tri

gger

a m

ass

rebe

llion

agai

nst

Cas

tro,

and

to s

et u

p a

Pro

yi-

iona

l Gov

ernm

ent

whi

ch w

ould

then

get

off

icia

l i

mer

ican

rec

ogni

tion

and

aid

. The

U.

Mil

t e

blue

prin

t for

inva

sion

, w

hich

was

giv

en t

he

ntag

on st

rate

gist

s ,

de n

ame

of O

pera

tion

Plu

to b

y th

e C

.I.A

.-T

he A

pril

28th

issu

e of

Tim

e, a

mag

azin

e di

s-

ctly

hos

tile

to C

astr

o, s

tate

d: "T

he in

vade

rs—

.

'' F C

uban

s—w

ere

trai

ned

by th

e U

. S.,

supp

lied

the

U. S

., an

d di

spat

ched

by

the

U. S.

to c

arry

a

Pla

n w

ritt

en b

y 1.

/. S

. mil

itar

y ex

pert

s.

iden

t Ken

nedy

knew

D-d

ay in

adv

ance

and

prov

ed,"

To

hand

le

the

anti-

Cas

tro

forc

es,

e w

ere

"six

mai

n tr

aini

ng b

ase

• C

rate

. an

d "t

wo

stn

n„ b

ases

at P

uert

o C

abez

as,

1 d

ura

n c

oast

4

mar

agua

and

tiny

Sw

an Is

land

' off

the

Ron

- I.

"In

rece

nt w

eeks

, the

equi

vale

nt o

f fif

ty fr

eigh

t ca

rloa

ds o

f ae

rial

bom

bs,

rock

ets,

amm

uniti

on

i an

d fir

em-r

ns w

as ai

rlift

ed in

to P

uert

o C

abez

as b

y un

mar

ked

U. S.

C-5

4s a

nd

Puer

to

in su

ch q

uant

i-

ties

that

on s

ome

days

last

mon

th p

lane

s re

quir

ed

• m

omen

tary

stac

king

. Dur

ing

Eas

ter

wee

k t

wen

- •

ty-s

even

U. S

. C-I

24 to

10 r

oare

d in

th

ree

or fo

ur a

t a ti

me

to o

ff-lo

ad fu

ll ca

rgoe

s of

ra

tion

s, b

lank

et;

amm

unit

ion

and

med

ical

sup

- •

.

Pli

es at

the

U. S

.-bu

ilt a

irst

rip

at R

etal

bule

u, a

t •

Gu

ate

ma

la C

ity a

nd

at

Gu

ate

ma

la's

San

Jo

se I

■ z

a irba

se."

The

CI.

S. N

avy,

at le

ast,

ren

der

ed d

irec

t ai

d t

o

"

the

eved

itio

n a

gai

nst

Cu

ba.

On

e o

f th

e

an

c

I I

inva

ders

who

lat

er e

scaped to M

iam

i wri

tes

in

his

dia

ry, p

ub

lish

ed

in

th

e N

ew

Yo

rk H

era

ld ' in

T

rib

un

e o

f M

ay

5:

"Ap

ril

The

flo

tilla

is ; fa

ste

am

ing

to

wa

rd o

ur

da

te w

ith

de

sti

ny

.

T'w

o ,o

fr

des

tro

yers

—I t

hin

k

they a

re N

ort

h A

merican--

' , tte

,_

othe

r re

bel so

urce

s.

fla

nk

us

." T

his

in

form

ati

on

tv

as

co

nfi

rme

d f

rom

' '''

' 1 N

ews

and

Wo

rld

Rep

ort

s hay

15

) g

ave

I th

e

thir

ty

her

det

ails

: "U

. S. d

estr

oye

rs e

sco

rted

th

...

1

ship

s to

wit

hin

six

mile

s o

f sh

. . A

U. S

. air

craf

t

wi t

ho

ut

carr

ier w

as in

co

rt, a

s w

ell,

but r

emai

ned

abou

t

A

irty

mile

s o

ffsh

ore

. . •

• T

he

B-2

6s o

f th

e an

ti-

th

en

Cas

tro

forc

es f

lew

fro

m b

ases 6

00 m

iles a

way. i

. • •

• .

p T

hey

w

ere

esco

rted

by U

. S

. N

avy jets

wh

ich

'

. ..

.

; p

ee

led

off a

bout

five m

ile

s f

rom

th

e b

ea

ck

an

d '

ritilil :

1 nl

°n°

f le

ft t

he

13

-26

3 on

th

eir

own

f rom

A

s hi

stor

y tv

ill p

erm

anen

tly

reco

rd,

the

Cu

ban

;

Fin

ail

• A

rmy

and

civi

lian

mili

tia s

mas

hed

and

sm

oth

ere

d I

co

ord

i . ;,•

. -

• o

ff o

r d

ow

ne

d t

he

. •

than

1,00

0 pr

ison

ers.

Cas

t ti

ny

air

f

the

inva

sio

n w

ith

in t

hre

e d

ays,

cap

turi

ng

mor

e A

rth

: if

it

' t

ong-

hera

lded

inva

sion

to "

liber

ate"

Cub

a en

ded I

. .

n

com

plet

e fia

sco,

with

the

Ken

nedy

Adm

inis

tra-

•

redi

ted

thro

ugho

ut th

e en

tire

wor

ld.

The

ext

ent t

o w

hich

the

U. S

. Gov

ernm

ent w

as '

ct t

ha

t ju

st b

efo

re it

be

ga

n, th

e C

IA hu

stle

d vo

lutio

nary

Cou

ncil,

and

the

othe

r le

ader

s of •

Isol

a on that had b

ack

ed th

is m

adca

p ve

ntu

re d

is-

char

ge o

f the

inva

sion

is fu

rthe

r sh

own

by th

e X

7

most

of

rce

dro

ve

le s

hips

tha

t had

bro

ug

ht

the

inva

ders

my

bom

bers

, and s

ank

to the s

hore

s of C

uba.

Th

e en

tire

Cub

an p

eopl

e

ralli

ed to

the

supp

ort o

f the

Gov

ernm

nt, a

nd n

o si

gn o

f an u

prisi

ng co

uld

be d

ete

cte

d. T

hus the

Jose

Mir6

Ca

rdo

na

, P

resi

de

nt

of

the

Cu

ba

n

prin

cip

al a

nti-

Ca

stro

org

aniz

atio

n,

to a

n

1.

and

aba

ndon

ed a

irbas

e in

Flo

rid

a w

here

.•

.

y w

ere

he

ld i

nto

an

Th

e C

.I.A

. then

• Is

ued

new

s re

leas

es in

the

Cou

ncil'

s na

me,

but

it

s kn

owle

dge.

ce

ordi

ng to

Th

e N

ew Y

ork

Tim

es o

f A

pril

26,

e C

uban

lead

ers

"wer

e ke

pt fr

om us

ing

the

e o

r fr

om co

mm

unic

atin

g w

ith a

nyo

ne o

n •

' uts

ide.. •

• E

nra

ge

d,

seve

ral o

f th

e C

ounc

il be

rs a

nnou

nced

that

they

wer

e le

avin

g eve

n

meant bein

g s

hot by

the

ar

med

gua

rds.

' y, A

dolf A

. B

erle, .,

the

d e

nt K

enne

dy's

ra

nter

o

f L

atin

-A

• an p

olic

ies,

and

. Sch

lesi

nger

, Jr.

, ano

ther

clo

se a

dvis

er

• to

the

Pre

side

nt, f

lew

to M

iam

i to

calm

dow

n th

e R

evo

lutio

na

ry C

ou

nci

l. A

pp

are

ntly

th

e

C.I.

A.

trus

ted

to b

e d

iscr

eet

tho

ug

ht

tha

t th

e C

ou

nci

l le

ader

s co

uld

not be

Ear

lier

the C

.I.A

. ha

d al

so k

idna

pped

seve

n-te

en a

nti

-Cas

tro

vo

lun

teer

; b

ecau

se it

co

nsi

d-

leal

laus

antile

4111

1•

.1

k.

ered

the

m t

oo L

eft

poli

tica

lly,

and

hel

d th

em i

n

a re

mot

e ju

ngle

cam

p in

Gua

tem

ala

for

elev

en

wee

ks b

efor

e an

d du

ring

the

inva

sion

(N

ew Y

ork

Tim

es, M

ay 7

). T

his

epis

ode

rein

forc

es o

ur g

en-

. era

l kn

owle

dge

that

the

C.I

.A.,

in l

inin

g up

re-

crui

ts f

or a

nd o

rgan

izin

g th

e C

uban

exp

edit

ion,

was

par

tial

to r

ight-

win

g

elem

ents

, in

clud

ing

form

er s

uppo

rter

s of

Bat

ista

. And

the

tw

o "k

id-

napp

ing"

inc

iden

ts t

oget

her

prov

e up

to

the

hilt

that

the

ass

ault

on

Cub

a w

as m

aste

r-m

inde

d by

the

C.I

.A., a

nd t

hat

the

Cuban

s in

volv

ed,

whe

ther

lead

ers

or r

ank-

and-

file

, wer

e es

sent

iall

y

capt

ives

of

U.

S. i

mpe

rial

ism

. O

n th

e ve

ry d

ay o

f th

e in

vasi

on, D

r. R

aul R

oa,

Cuba'

s F

ore

ign M

inis

ter,

char

ged

bef

ore

the

Pol

itic

al C

omm

itte

e of

the

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

tha

t

• •

.his

cou

ntry

had

bee

n in

vade

d "b

y a

mer

cena

ry

forc

e w

hich

cam

e fr

om G

uate

mal

a an

d F

lori

da

1 a

nd w

hic

h w

as o

rgan

ized

, fi

nan

ced a

nd a

rmed

1 b

y t

he

Gover

nm

ent

of

the

Unit

ed S

tate

s of

Am

eric

a."

Am

bass

ador

Adl

ai E

: Ste

vens

on c

ate-

gori

call

y de

nied

the

se a

ccus

atio

ns a

nd d

ecla

red:

"The

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

has

com

mit

ted

no a

ggre

ssio

n

agai

nst

Cuba.

• •

• I

wis

h t

o m

ake

clea

r al

so

that

we

would

be

oppose

d t

o t

he

use

of'

our

terr

itor

y fo

r m

ount

ing

an o

ffen

sive

aga

inst

any

fore

ign

gove

rnm

ent."

T

hus,

as

in t

he i

ncid

ent

of t

he U

-2 s

py p

lane

flig

ht o

ver

the

Sov

iet U

nion

on

May

I, 1

960,

the

U. S

. Gov

ernm

ent w

as c

augh

t red

-han

ded

in th

e

Big

Lie

. E

ver

yone

who h

eard

Mr.

Ste

ven

son

spea

k i

n t

he

U. N

. knew

that

he

was

tel

ling a

dipl

omat

ic f

alse

hood

; and

it w

as o

ne th

at tu

rned

out

to b

e m

ost

undi

plom

atic

. For

onl

y a

wee

k

late

r th

e W

hite

Hou

se g

ave

out a

n of

fici

al r

elea

se

on th

e C

uban

aff

air,

say

ing

that

"P

resi

dent

Ken

- ,

nedy

has

sta

ted

from

the

begi

nnin

g th

at a

s P

resi

-

dent

he

bear

s so

le r

espo

nsib

ilit

y fo

r th

e ev

ents

of

past

day

s."

• T

he

par

tici

pat

ion b

y t

he

Unit

ed S

tate

s in

a

mil

itar

y as

saul

t on

a c

ount

ry w

ith

whi

ch i

t w

as

off

icia

lly a

t pea

ce w

as a

dis

honora

ble

act

ion

tota

lly

oppo

sed

to t

he b

est

in o

ur t

radi

tion

s as

a

dem

ocra

cy. I

t con

stit

uted

a c

ynic

al v

iola

tion

not

only

of

Am

eric

a's

idea

ls o

f in

tern

atio

nal

peac

e,

but

also

of

our

law

s, o

ur

Const

ituti

on a

nd a

t

leas

t si

x i

nte

rnat

ional

tre

atie

s, i

ncl

udin

g o

ur

sole

mn a

gre

emen

ts u

nder

the

Unit

ed N

atio

ns

and

the

Org

aniz

atio

n of

Am

eric

an S

tate

s.

One

of

the

neut

rali

ty l

aws

viol

ated

wen

t in

to

effe

ct o

n Ju

ne 2

5, 1

948,

und

er T

itle

18,

Sec

tion

960

of t

he U

. S. C

ode,

Ann

otat

ed:

"Who

ever

,

wit

hin

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes,

kno

win

gly

begi

ns o

r

sets

on

foot

or

furn

ishe

s th

e m

oney

for

, or

take

s

part

in, a

ny m

ilit

ary

or n

aval

exp

edit

ion

or e

nter

-

pris

e to

be

carr

ied

on f

rom

the

nce

agai

nst

the

terr

itor

y or

dom

inio

n of

any

for

eign

pri

nce

or

stat

e, o

r of

any

col

ony,

dis

tric

t or

peo

ple

wit

h 9

•

•

• •

. im

pri

son

ed n

ot

mo

re '

nee

i of

Tit

le 1

8 a

re a

lso m

ost

rel

evant.

ee

yea

rs,

or

bo

th"

Sect

ions

958

and

959

W

ith

Pre

side

nt

mos

t a

ssen

t, th

e C

.I.A

. !

o

too

k s

uch

co

mp

lete

co

mm

and

of

the

Cu

ban

in

. I

o

vasi

on th

at it

bec

ame

in re

alit

y a

LI.

S. ac

t of

war

, i

' •

if n

ot de

lur

e, a

t le

ast

de f

acto

. How

ever

, und

er

T

the

Con

stit

utio

n (A

rtic

l e 1,

Sec

tion

8, I

tem

11)

fo

t ,

Con

gres

s al

one

has t

he r

ight

to d

ecla

re w

ar.

i a

t T

hus

in t

he C

uban

sit

uati

on th

e K

enne

dy A

d- ' s

t st

rati

on—

the

Exe

cuti

ve B

ranc

h of

ott

r G

ov.

tu

1 er

nmen

t —su

rped

the

pow

er o

f th

e of

•

. 1

Bra

nch

and

wen

t ah

ead

on

its

own

to in

volv

e 1

Il•

' I

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

in m

ilit

ary

host

ilit

ies

that

co

n-

' o

f

'

, 1

co

nfl

ict

i 1 e

eiv

ably

coul

d ha

ve l

ed t

o a

wor

ld-w

ide

nucl

ear

1

"II

ou

r

. ,...

The

agg

ress

ion

agai

nst C

uba

also

was

cont

rary

. .

1

' to

the

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

Cha

rter

, Cha

pter

L A

r-

and

, and

just

ice,

are

not

shal

l ref

rai n

in th

eir

inte

rnat

iona

l rel

atio

ns fr

om r-

Sect

ion

4 re

quir

es:

"Al

Mem

bers

th

e th

reat

or

use o

f fo

rce

agai

nst

the

terr

itor

ial

1 i

nte

gaty

or p

olit

ical

inde

pend

ence

of

any

stat

e,

or

in a

ny

oth

er m

anner

inco

nsi

sten

t w

ith t

he

Pur

pose

s of

the

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

."

10

the

tid

e 2,

Sec

tion

s 3

and

4. S

ecti o

n 3 s

tate

s: "

All

,

•

Mem

bers

sha

ll s

ettl

e th

eir

inte

rnat

iona

l dis

pute

s na

tion

al pe

ace

and

secu

rity

by p

eace

ful

mea

ns in

suc

h a

man

ner

that

i

and

enda

nge r

d "

not

mor

e th

an $

3,00

0 or

who

m th

e U

nite

d St

ate s

is a

t pea

ce, sh

all b

e B

th

an t

hr

Lik

ewis

e th

e C

uban

ven

ture

viol

ated

Art

icle

15

of

the

Cha

rter

of

the

Org

aniz

atio

n of

Am

eri-

can

Stat

es, s

igne

d at

Bogota

in 1

998 b

y b

oth

th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s an

d C

uba:

"N

o st

ate

or g

roup

o

f st

ates

has

th

e ri

gh

t to

in

terv

ene,

di

rect

ly

r in

dire

ctly

, for

any

reas

on w

hats

oeve

r, i

n th

e nt

erna

l or

ext

erna

l af

fair

s of

an

y ot

her

stat

e. •

' T

he f

oreg

oing

pri

ncip

le p

rohi

bits

not

onl

y ar

med

ro

e bu

t al

so a

ny o

ther

for

m o

f in

terf

eren

ce o

r te

mpt

ed t

hrea

t, a

gain

st t

he p

erso

nali

ty o

f th

e at

e or

aga

inst

its

pol

itic

al, e

cono

mic

and

cul

-ra

l ele

men

ts."

The

Am

eric

an G

over

nm

ent's

dis

regar

d o

f th

e '

N.,

O.A

.S.

and

othe

r in

tern

atio

nal o

blig

atio

ns

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

is i

n i

tsel

f a

viol

atio

n of

C

onse

tuti

on,

unde

r A

rtic

le V

I, S

ecti

on 2

: is

Con

stit

utio

n an

d th

e la

ws

of

the

Uni

ted

es w

hich

sha

ll be

mad

e in

purs

uanc

e th

ereo

f al

l tr

eati

es m

ade,

or

whi

ch s

hall

be

mad

e,

Uni

ted

Stat

es, s

hall

be

supr

e me

kw

of

the

lan

d,

and

the

judg

es i

n ev

ery

Sta

te s

hall

be

boun

d th

ereb

y, an

ythi

ng i

n th

e C

onst

itut

ion

or l

aws

of a

ny s

tate

to

the

con-

trar

y no

twit

hsta

ndin

g."

[Ita

lics

min

e.—

C.L

.)

It w

as i

roni

c th

at

just

tw

o w

eeks

aft

er t

he

.

„lan

din

g i

n C

uba

Pre

siden

t K

enne

dy, s

igni

n g a

re

solu

tio n

th

at

proc

laim

ed M

ay 1

as

Law

Day

th

roug

hout

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes,

sai

d in

par

t: "

Law

is

the

stro

nges

t li

nk b

etw

een

man

and

free

dom

,

er t

he a

utho

rity

of

tl

11

.t

ft.ac

aret

mai

mon

Var

aev i-

Z •i ''

t

and b

y -

stre

ngth

enin

g t

he

rule

of

law

we

stre

ngth

en f

reed

om

and j

ust

ice

in o

ur

ow

n

coun

try

and

cont

ribu

te b

y ex

ampl

e to

the

goal

of

Just

ice

unde

r la

w f

or a

ll m

anki

nd."

•

III

The

off

icia

l rea

sons

that

the

U. S

. Gov

ernm

ent

gave

. fo

r it

s di

sreg

ard

of l

egal

com

mit

men

ts,

dom

esti

c an

d in

tern

atio

nal,

in

the

Cub

an s

itua

-

tion w

ere

that

Pre

mie

r C

astr

o h

ad c

reat

ed a

Com

munis

t dic

tato

rship

in C

uba;

that

inte

r-

nati

onal

com

mun

ism

had

set

up

a ba

se o

f op

era-

tion

s in

tha

t co

untr

y an

d w

as t

here

by v

iola

ting

the

Mon

roe

Doc

trin

e; t

hat

Cub

a—on

ly n

inet

y

mil

es f

rom

Am

eric

an s

hore

s—had

bec

om

e a

Sov

iet

sate

llit

e; a

nd t

hat

all

this

gra

vely

thr

eat-

ened

the

nat

iona

l se

curi

ty o

f th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s.

An

obje

ctiv

e ex

amin

atio

n of

the

fac

ts d

emon

-

stra

tes

that

thes

e ch

arge

s ag

ains

t the

Cub

an G

ov-

ernm

ent

are

spec

ious

and

mer

e pr

etex

ts f

or f

or-

eign

inte

rven

tion

by

mea

ns o

f fo

rce

and

viol

ence

.

Nob

ody

in h

is r

ight

min

d ca

n be

liev

e th

at t

he

Cas

tro

regi

me,

gov

erni

ng a

lit

tle

coun

try

wit

h a

tota

l po

pula

tion

of

abou

t 6,

500,

000—

less

tha

n

that

of

New

Yor

k C

ity—

aim

s at

mil

itar

y ag

gres

-

sion

aga

inst

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes.

And

Cas

tro

has

repea

tedly

dec

lare

d t

hat

he

wil

l w

ork

out

the

prob

lem

of

the

U. S

. Nav

al B

ase

at G

uant

anam

o

Bay

thro

ugh

peac

eful

neg

otia

tion

s.

Sin

ce, t

here

fore

, Cub

a do

es n

ot r

epre

sent

any

real

men

ace

to t

he s

ecur

ity

of t

he U

.S.A

., th

e

Am

eric

an e

nem

ies

of th

e C

astr

o A

dmin

istr

atio

n

are

com

pell

ed t

o m

anuf

actu

re e

xcus

es f

or t

he

mos

t dra

stic

act

ion,

incl

udin

g m

ilit

ary

inva

sion

,

agai

nst

the

Cas

tro

regi

me.

The

se e

xcus

es m

ust

soun

d su

ffic

ient

ly p

laus

ible

to d

elud

e th

e A

mer

i-

can

peop

le a

nd w

orld

opi

nion

. Thi

s ex

plai

ns th

e

trem

endo

us e

ffor

ts—

on t

he p

art

of n

ewsp

aper

s, •

mag

azin

es, r

adio

, TV

and

the

Am

eric

an G

over

n-

men

t it

self

—to

whi

p up

hys

teri

a in

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

over

the

subje

ct o

f C

uba.

In t

his

ag

e,

nati

ons

as w

ell

as i

ndiv

idua

ls c

an b

e cl

aim

s of

a

fram

e-up

. T

he r

evol

utio

nary

Gov

ernm

ent o

f C

uba

cam

e

into

pow

er in

Jan

uary

of

1959

as

the

resu

lt o

f an

indi

geno

us, n

on-C

omm

unis

t m

ovem

ent

led

by

Fid

el C

astr

o to

ove

rthr

ow t

he r

eact

iona

ry a

nd

bloo

dy d

icta

tors

hip

of F

ulge

ncio

Bat

ista

. The

smal

l Cub

an C

omm

unis

t Par

ty h

ad lo

ng lo

oked

upon

Cas

tro

as a

wel

l-m

eani

ng b

ut b

lund

erin

g

adve

ntur

er, a

nd g

ave

supp

ort t

o hi

s 26

th o

f Ju

ly

Mov

emen

t on

ly a

s it

was

nea

ring

, its

fin

al t

ri-

umph

. T

hro

ughout

the

Cas

tro r

egim

e's

bri

ef

exis

tenc

e of

two-

and-

a-ha

lf y

ears

it h

as r

emai

ned

indep

enden

t, w

hil

e goin

g s

tead

ily t

o t

he

Lef

t

and

expe

rim

enti

ng w

ith

a so

cial

ist e

cono

my

espe

-

cial

ly a

dap

ted t

o C

uban

condit

ions

and t

he

Cub

an p

eopl

e.

12

I

'13

•

0

. s

• •

•

• •

. . •

1

• •

• "

•

. .

•

• '

• I

,

, •

.

•

:..

• •

• .

.

.... •

,••

.*

, • ..

• •

In t

his

left

war

d- tr

end

Pre

mie

r C

astr

o's

Adm

in-

istr

atio

n w

as s

tim

ulat

ed to

a c

onsi

dera

ble

degr

ee

by t

he h

osti

le a

ctio

ns o

f th

e A

mer

ican

Gov

ern-

men

t an

d A

mer

ican

bus

ines

s in

tere

sts.

Fur

ther

-m

ore

, w

hen

the

Eis

enhow

er A

dm

inis

trat

ion

trea

ted

the

Cas

tro

regi

me

as a

par

iah

and

fina

lly

rule

d ou

t al

l A

mer

ican

-Cub

an t

rade

, exc

ept

in'

food a

nd d

rugs,

the

Cuban

lea

der

s dec

ided

—w

ith

the

very

sur

viva

l of

the

ir n

atio

n at

sta

ke—

to f

ill

in t

he

void

, es

pec

iall

y i

n t

he

abso

lute

ly

esse

ntia

l tr

ade

in o

il a

nd s

ugar

, by

larg

e-sc

ale

com

mer

cial

agr

eem

ents

wit

h S

ovie

t R

ussi

a an

d C

om

munis

t C

hin

a. I

t w

as a

t th

is p

oin

t th

at

Am

eric

an G

over

nmen

t off

icia

ls, a

nd m

ost o

rgan

s of

pub

lic

opin

ion

in t

he U

nite

d S

tate

s, s

tart

ed t

o la

bel t

he C

astr

o go

vern

men

t as

"Com

mun

ist"

and

to

tal

k w

ildl

y of

"th

e C

omm

unis

t br

idge

head

in

Gub

a" a

nd "

Sov

iet

dom

inat

ion.

" B

ut it

is im

port

ant t

o re

mem

ber

that

in o

ur e

ra

form

er c

olon

ial o

r se

mi-

colo

nial

peo

ples

thro

ugh-

out

the

wor

ld, f

rom

Ind

ones

ia i

n th

e F

ar E

ast

to

Ghan

a an

d G

uin

ea i

n A

fric

a to

Cuba

in t

he

Car

ibbea

n, hav

e bee

n w

innin

g n

atio

nal

inde-

pen

den

ce a

nd a

t th

e sa

me

tim

e se

ttin

g u

p

dyna

mic

ally

led

rep

ubli

cs t

hat

inst

itut

e so

cial

ist

prog

ram

s in

ord

er to

bri

ng a

bout

rap

id e

cono

mic

, so

cial

and c

ult

ura

l pro

gre

ss. It

is

esse

nti

al t

o

under

stan

d t

hat

when

such

reg

imes

put

into

ef

fect

rad

ical

mea

sure

s, a

s w

ell

as e

stab

lish

ing

14

clos

e di

plom

atic

and

eco

nom

ic r

elat

ions

wit

h th

e C

omm

unis

t bl

oc, t

his

does

not

mea

n th

at t

hey

nece

ssar

ily

are

Com

mun

ist-

cont

roll

ed o

r ar

e be

-co

min

g C

omm

unis

t. A

s M

r. B

ella

Dou

mbo

ya, t

he r

epre

sent

ativ

e of

G

uine

a at

the

rec

entl

y co

nclu

ded

sess

ion

of t

he

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

, sai

d in

a s

peec

h on

Cub

a be

fore

th

is b

ody

on A

pril

17:

"S

tate

s en

gage

d in

the

de-

colo

niza

tion

of

thei

r st

ruct

ure

alw

ays

disc

over

, an

d ar

e ap

pall

ed b

y th

e fa

ct t

hat

thei

r ec

onom

y is

not

ada

pted

to

the

need

s of

the

ir n

atio

nal

life

ow

ing

to f

orei

gn e

xplo

itat

ion.

Sin

gle

crop

eco

no-

mie

s ar

e an

ess

enti

al c

har

acte

rist

ic o

f under

-de

velo

ped

coun

trie

s. A

rev

olut

iona

ry g

over

n-m

ent,

in o

rder

to f

oste

r co

mpr

ehen

sive

eco

nom

ic

deve

lopm

ent,

is b

ound

to a

lter

the

colo

nial

sha

pe

of t

he p

rodu

ctiv

e sy

stem

if

it w

ishe

s to

fos

ter

nati

onal

out

put

and

the

indu

stri

aliz

atio

n of

the

co

untr

y.

"Con

trar

y to

acc

usat

ions

of

Com

mun

ist

insl

. tr

atio

n w

hich

cir

cula

te e

very

whe

re a

s so

on a

s an

under

-dev

eloped

countr

y e

ngag

es i

n b

old

re-

form

s, i

t sh

ould

be

know

n th

at t

he a

cts

whi

ch

succ

eed t

he

assu

mpti

on o

f pow

er a

re t

he

ine-

luct

able

con

sequ

ence

s of

a l

ife

of d

epen

denc

e an

d fr

ustr

atio

n an

d de

rive

mai

nly

from

the

para

-m

ount

cla

im o

f pe

ople

hit

hert

o su

bjec

ted

to a

fe

udal

reg

ime.

In

coun

trie

s w

here

the

nat

iona

l ec

onom

y is

und

er th

e co

ntro

l of

fore

ign

inte

rest

s,

15

• .

.

• •

• .

.

.4

18

- -

_

mis

ery

and

wre

tche

dnes

s is

the

lot

of t

he in

dige

-nous

popula

tion, al

l of

whose

lab

or

pow

er i

s occ

upie

d i

n t

he

pro

duct

ion o

f ra

w m

ater

ials

re

quir

ed f

or

the

conti

nued

expan

sion o

f th

e tr

usts

. "I

n th

e fi

eld

of p

rodu

ctio

n, i

n or

der

to f

acil

i-ta

te n

ew c

rops

in li

ne w

ith

the

need

s of

the

peo-

ple,

and

to

put

an e

nd t

o th

e ex

ploi

tati

on o

f th

e pe

asan

try,

in o

rder

to c

all a

hal

t to

the

inev

itab

ly

cata

stro

phic

rep

ercu

ssio

ns o

f th

is g

ener

al s

itua

-ti

on o

n na

tion

al o

utpu

t—in

a w

ord,

in

orde

r to

re

med

y t

he

irra

tional

uti

liza

tion o

f la

nd a

nd

bri

ng t

o a

n e

nd s

oci

al i

nju

stic

e an

d m

iser

y,

fled

glin

g go

vern

men

ts m

ust

alw

ays

enga

ge i

n hi

stor

ic a

cts

whi

ch s

omet

imes

bec

ome

the

caus

e of

ill r

eput

e fo

r th

em."

. E

very

wor

d of

Mr.

Dou

mbo

ya's

add

ress

ap-

- pl

ies

to w

hat

the

Cas

tro

regi

me

has

been

try

ing

to d

o. I

f th

e A

mer

ican

peo

ple

and

the

Am

eric

an

Gov

ernm

ent p

ersi

st in

mis

unde

rsta

ndin

g th

e si

t-uat

ion i

n C

uba

and i

n o

ther

nat

ions

that

hav

e re

cent

ly e

mer

ged

into

fre

edom

, the

eff

ects

on

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

fore

ign

poli

cy a

nd i

nter

nati

onal

pea

ce w

ill

conti

nue

to b

e dis

astr

ous.

For

to

ascr

ibe

hom

e-gr

own

mov

emen

ts to

war

d na

tion

al

indep

enden

ce a

nd s

oci

alis

m t

o s

om

e se

rf

of

Com

mun

ist

cons

pira

cy d

irec

ted

from

Mos

cow

or

Pei

ping

not

onl

y va

stly

exa

gger

ates

the

pow

er

of

the

Com

munis

t blo

c, b

ut

also

lea

ds

to p

ro-

1:t

voca

tive

cla

ims

of C

omm

unis

t in

terv

enti

on o

r i.

aggr

essi

on w

hen

it d

oes

not

exis

t. A

s fo

r in

tern

atio

nal

com

munis

m h

avin

g

achi

eved

a b

ase

in C

uba,

thi

s is

pur

e no

nsen

se,

notw

iths

tand

ing

the

cons

tant

pro

paga

nda

to t

he

cont

rary

in th

e U

.S.A

. In

the

pre-

inva

sion

mon

ths

a ru

mor

was

fre

quen

tly

prin

ted

that

the

Sov

iet

Gover

nm

ent

had

alr

eady c

onst

ruct

ed

mis

sile

ba

ses

in C

uba.

Of

cour

se t

his

was

who

lly

fals

e;

and

in a

ny c

ase

the

Sov

iet

Uni

on h

as n

o ne

ed

' fo

r su

ch b

ases

, sin

ce th

roug

h it

s ad

vanc

ed te

ch-

nolo

gy it

cou

ld f

rom

its

own

terr

itor

y ex

tens

ivel

y bo

mba

rd th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s w

ith

inte

r-co

ntin

enta

l m

issi

les.

As

Pre

mie

r K

hrus

hche

v de

clar

ed in

his

co

ncil

iato

ry m

essa

ge t

o P

resi

dent

Ken

nedy

of

Apr

il 2

2, "

Our

Gov

ernm

ent

does

not

see

k an

y ad

van

tages

or

pri

vil

eges

in C

uba.

We

do n

ot

have

any

bas

es i

n C

uba,

and

we

do n

ot i

nten

d to

est

abli

sh a

ny. A

nd th

is is

wel

l kno

wn

to y

ou,

to y

our

gene

rals

and

adm

iral

s."

On

the

othe

r ha

nd, t

he U

nite

d S

tate

s ha

s it

s bi

g G

uant

anam

o ba

se, a

nd m

aint

ains

sco

res

of

othe

r m

ilit

ary

base

s fa

irly

clo

se to

Sov

iet R

ussi

a an

d C

hina

, oft

en i

n co

untr

ies

bord

erin

g up

on

them

. As

Jam

es R

esto

n w

rote

in T

he

New

Yor

k T

imes

of

Apr

il 2

3: "

Tur

key,

for

exa

mpl

e, h

as

bee

n g

etti

ng f

rom

the

Unit

ed S

tate

s fa

r m

ore

po

wer

than

Cas

tro

ever

dre

amed

of

gett

ing

from

th

e R

ussi

ans.

The

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

pow

er, i

nclu

ding

t .4

• r.

17

even

roc

kets

wit

h nu

clea

r w

arhe

ads,

has

bee

n si

tuat

ed i

n T

urke

y fo

r a

long

tim

e, b

ut t

he R

us-

sian

s, w

hile

ann

oyed

by

this

fac

t, h

ave

not

felt

ob

lige

d to

use

the

ir p

ower

to

inva

de T

urke

y."

A f

lagr

ant a

ttem

pt to

infl

ame

Am

eric

an p

ubli

c op

inio

n ag

ains

t C

astr

o is

sho

wn

in t

he m

any

re-

port

s publi

shed

about

the

Cuban

, A

ir F

orc

e ut

iliz

ing

Sov

iet

MIC

jet

s ag

ains

t th

e in

vade

rs.

Tim

e ev

en s

tate

d th

at s

ome

of t

hem

wer

e fl

own

by C

zech

pil

ots.

Tha

t th

ese

stor

ies

wer

e un

true

is

ind

icat

ed b

y th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s N

avy

itse

lf. A

di

spat

ch f

rom

the

U. S

. bas

e at

Gua

ntan

amo

in

Th

e N

ew Y

ork

Tim

es o

f A

pril

20

stat

es:

"The

se

nsit

ive

rada

r on

Nav

y sh

ips

here

has

pic

ked

up

no tr

ace

of h

igh-

spee

d C

uban

or

Com

mun

ist a

ir-

craf

t. O

ffic

ials

, the

refo

re, a

re c

onfi

dent

that

ther

e ha

ve b

een

no M

IG f

ight

ers

in t

his

area

of

Cub

a at

lea

st. N

or h

as t

he N

avy

sigh

ted

any

fore

ign

subm

arin

es."

Thi

s pa

ragr

aph

was

om

itte

d in

a

late

r ed

itio

n of

the

Tim

es.

Dur

ing

May

, Sen

ator

Way

ne M

orse

(D

.) o

f O

rego

n, C

hair

man

of

a sp

ecia

l S

enat

e su

bcom

-m

itte

e on

Lat

in A

mer

ican

Aff

airs

, rep

orte

d th

at

this

bod

y ha

d he

ard

"not

a b

it o

f ev

iden

ce"

that

th

ere

was

a s

ingl

e M

IG p

lane

in

Cub

a. A

ccor

d-in

g t

o S

enat

or

Mors

e, t

he

Cuban

pla

nes

that

pr

oved

so

effe

ctiv

e in

thw

arti

ng t

he r

ebel

lan

d-in

g w

ere

of U

. S. m

anuf

actu

re a

nd h

ad b

een

sold

to

the

old

Bat

ista

gtA

tern

men

t. 18

•

a.

Cas

tro'

s ow

n co

mm

ent o

n th

e m

ake-

up o

f hi

s ai

r fo

rce

duri

ng th

e in

vasi

on c

risi

s w

as, "

Wou

ld

that

we

had

had

a fe

w M

IGs

in t

hose

day

sr I

n an

y ev

ent

the

Cas

tro

regi

me

has

a ri

ght

to p

ur-

chas

e fo

r it

s ow

n se

lf-d

efen

se M

IC p

lane

s, o

r an

y ot

her

kind

, fro

m a

for

eign

gov

ernm

ent.

Muc

h of

the

Am

eric

an p

ropa

gand

a ba

rrag

e ag

ains

t C

astr

o ha

s ce

nter

ed a

roun

d C

uba'

s ad

-m

itte

d la

ck o

f ci

vil l

iber

ties

and

pol

itic

al d

emoc

-ra

cy. T

his

pro

pag

anda,

in t

he

firs

t pla

ce,

natu

rall

y fa

ils t

o m

enti

on th

at th

e C

uban

Rev

olu-

tion

ary

Gov

ernm

ent

has

rapi

dly

deve

lope

d fu

ll

raci

al d

emoc

racy

, com

plet

e eq

uali

ty b

etw

een

the

whi

tes

and

the

Neg

roes

, who

mak

e up

one

-thi

rd

of th

e po

pula

tion

. Eco

nom

ic, s

ocia

l and

pol

itic

al

disc

rim

inat

ion

agai

nst

colo

red

peop

le, a

per

va-

sive

evi

l und

er th

e B

atis

ta a

nd e

arli

er ty

rann

ies,

ha

s di

sapp

eare

d. A

s Jo

seph

New

man

rep

orte

d in

th

e N

ew Y

ork

Her

ald

Tri

bu

ne

(Mar

ch 2

3):

"C

astr

o an

d G

ueva

ra a

re l

iter

ally

ado

red

by t

he

larg

e nu

mbe

r of

poo

r an

d hu

mil

iate

d C

uban

s,

espe

cial

ly th

e N

egro

es. T

hey

see

thes

e tw

o le

ad-

ers

as s

aint

ly a

nd h

onor

able

men

, ded

icat

ed t

o re

mov

ing

inju

stic

es a

nd d

iscr

imin

atio

n."

In t

wo

and

one-

half

yea

rs t

he C

astr

o re

gim

e ha

s m

ade

far

mor

e pr

ogre

ss to

war

ds u

nqua

lifi

ed

-civ

il r

ight

s th

an t

he U

nite

d S

tate

s, p

arti

cula

rly

in t

he S

outh

, dur

ing

the

enti

re 1

00 y

ears

sin

ce

the

Civ

il W

ar b

egan

. A

ctual

ly, m

any o

f th

e •

19

• •

•

1,.

•

Ain

eric

ans

who

cry

out

aga

inst

"th

e C

astr

o di

c-ta

tors

hip"

hat

e an

d fe

ar r

acia

l de

moc

racy

, and

ar

e sc

ared

sti

ff t

hat

it m

ight

spr

ead

from

Cub

a to

the

con

tine

nts

of N

orth

and

Sou

th A

mer

ica.

' In

the

sec

ond

plac

e, o

ur A

mer

ican

pro

paga

n-dis

ts d

o n

ot

poin

t out

that

the

Cuban

Gover

n-

men

t has

a d

emoc

rati

c m

anda

te in

the

sens

e th

at

it is

sup

port

ed b

y th

e ov

erw

helm

ing

maj

orit

y of

th

e pe

ople

. Thi

s su

ppor

t ste

ms

fron

t the

fac

t tha

t th

e G

over

nmen

t has

bro

ught

to th

e w

orke

rs a

nd

peas

ants

—th

e m

assi

ve le

gion

of

the

unde

rpri

vi-

lege

d—a

high

er s

tand

ard

of li

ving

, rel

ease

fro

m

econ

omic

exp

loit

atio

n, v

astl

y in

crea

sed

educ

a-ti

onal

and

cul

tura

l opp

ortu

niti

es, t

he p

rom

ise

of

cont

inue

d pr

ogre

ss, a

nd a

fee

ling

of

dign

ity

and

free

dom

at

no l

onge

r be

ing

in b

onda

ge t

o U

. S.

im

peri

alis

m. I

lad

the

C.I

.A.,

the

Am

eric

an S

tate

D

epar

tmen

t and

Pre

side

nt K

enne

dy k

now

n th

ese

thin

gs, t

hey

wou

ld n

ot h

ave

mad

e th

e m

isca

lcu-

lati

on t

hat

the

rece

nt i

nvas

ion

wou

ld s

et o

ff a

po

pula

r up

risi

ng.

U. S

. pro

paga

nda,

in

the

thir

d pl

ace,

lea

ves

. out

of

the

pict

ure

any

refe

renc

e to

the

rel

entl

ess

. poli

tica

l an

d i

nte

rnat

ional

pre

ssure

s th

at h

ave

driv

en t

he C

astr

o re

gim

e to

cer

tain

dic

tato

rial

ac

tions

and p

oli

cies

. T

he

outs

tandin

g f

ore

ign

fact

or h

ere

has

been

the

hos

tili

ty o

f th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s, i

nclu

ding

its

far

-rea

chin

g ec

onom

ic e

m-

barg

o an

d cu

lmin

atin

g in

Apr

il's

mil

itar

y as

saul

t. 20

Tha

t agg

ress

ion

was

har

dly

the

sort

of

epis

ode

that

cou

ld b

e ex

pect

ed to

enc

oura

ge d

emoc

racy

in

Cub

a, o

r in

any

oth

er c

ount

ry c

onfr

onte

d by

si

mil

ar c

ircu

mst

ance

s. A

nd t

he C

uban

Gov

ern-

men

t was

cer

tain

ly ju

stif

ied

in p

utti

ng in

to e

ffec

t th

roug

hout

the

isl

and

far-

reac

hing

mea

sure

s on

be

half

of

publ

ic s

afet

y. I

t is

wel

l to

rec

all

that

th

e N

atio

nal

Em

eige

ncy

proc

laim

ed b

y P

resi

-de

nt T

rum

an i

n 19

50 d

urin

g th

e K

orea

n W

ar i

s st

ill

in e

ffec

t in

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

and

has

been

ut

iliz

ed c

onst

antl

y fo

r th

e cu

rtai

lmen

t of

civ

il

libe

rtie

s.

The

re i

s, i

n tr

uth,

a l

arge

ele

men

t of

bot

h in

-co

nsis

tenc

y an

d hy

pocr

isy

in th

e A

mer

ican

Gov

-er

nmen

t's c

all

for

"fre

e el

ecti

ons"

and

pol

itic

al

dem

ocra

cy in

Cub

a. I

t nev

er m

ade

any

such

de-

man

ds

on B

atis

ta w

hen

he

was

in t

he

saddle

; no

r on

a n

umbe

r of

oth

er L

atin

Am

eric

an d

ic-

tato

rship

s th

at h

ave

bee

n c

lass

ifie

d a

s par

t of

"the

fre

e w

orld

"; n

or o

n va

riou

s ot

her

dict

ator

-sh

ips

alli

ed to

the

U. S

., su

ch a

s th

ose

of P

akis

tan,

T

hail

and,

Sau

di A

rabi

a, F

ranc

o's

Spa

in ,S

alaz

ar's

P

ortu

gal,

and

Chi

ang

Kai

-she

k's

Tai

wan

. T

he

real

rea

son f

or

the

bit

ter

opposi

tion o

f th

e U

nit

ed S

tate

s to

the

Cas

tro r

egim

e is

that

it

has

put

thr

ough

rad

ical

soc

ial

and

econ

omic

re

form

s, n

atio

nali

zed

the

huge

Am

eric

an p

rop-

erty

hol

ding

s in

Cub

a, f

reed

the

cou

ntry

fro

m

U. S

. im

peri

alis

t exp

loit

atio

n, e

stab

lish

ed r

acia

l II

0 7

21

•-•

• :

dem

ocr

acy a

nd i

nst

itute

d

a pl

anne

d so

cial

ist

econ

omy

that

is s

ucce

ssfu

lly

func

tion

ing.

Abo

ve

• al

l, t

he E

isen

how

er a

nd K

enne

dy A

dmin

istr

a-

tion

s ha

ve b

een

afra

id t

hat

revo

luti

onar

y C

uba

wou

ld s

erve

as

an e

xam

ple

for

othe

r L

atin

Am

er-

ican

peo

ples

to

foll

ow, a

nd t

hat

it w

ould

ins

pire

dang

erou

s id

eas

even

am

ong

the

popu

lati

on o

f

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes.

In

any

cas

e, s

o fa

r as

dem

ocra

cy is

con

cern

ed,

his

tory

has

dem

onst

rate

d t

hat

a b

asic

law

or

prin

cipl

e of

dra

stic

eco

nom

ic a

nd s

ocia

l ch

ange

is t

hat

whe

n a

prog

ress

ivel

y or

ient

ed r

evol

utio

n

take

s pl

ace

in a

ny c

ount

ry, t

he n

ew r

egim

e co

m-

ing

into

pow

er m

ay f

eel o

blig

ed to

put

into

eff

ect

drac

onia

n le

gisl

atio

n an

d pr

oced

ures

in

orde

r to

ensu

re i

ts s

urv

ival

and t

he

succ

ess

of

its

pro

-

gram

: T

his

hold

s es

peci

ally

whe

n th

e na

tion

in

ques

tion

—li

ke C

uba—

has

had

litt

le o

r no

fun

c-

tion

ing

dem

ocra

cy i

n th

e pa

st, i

s th

row

ing

off

a

reac

tion

ary

bure

aucr

acy

or ty

rann

y, o

r is

thre

at-

ened

by

inte

rnal

cou

nter

-rev

olut

ion

and

mil

itar

y

incu

rsio

ns f

rom

abr

oad.

T

he p

rinc

iple

I h

ave

just

enu

ncia

ted

clea

rly

appl

ies

to t

he n

on-C

omm

unis

t C

astr

o go

vern

-

men

t and

its

effo

rts

to b

uild

an

indi

geno

us f

orm

of s

ocia

lism

gea

red

to t

he w

elfa

re o

f th

e C

uban

peop

le a

s a

who

le; i

t app

lies

to th

e va

riou

s re

vo-

luti

ons

tow

ards

soc

iali

sm th

at h

ave

occu

rred

els

e-

wher

e in

the

twen

tiet

h c

entu

ry;

and i

t ap

pli

es

22

to o

ur o

wn

Am

eric

an R

evol

utio

n of

177

6 ag

ains

t

colo

nia

lism

, w

hen

we

wer

e ver

y h

ard o

n t

he

Tor

ies,

som

e 10

0,00

0 of

who

m R

ed th

e co

untr

y

and

suff

ered

the

con

fisc

atio

n of

the

ir p

rope

rty.

In th

e ch

aoti

c an

d di

ffic

ult c

ondi

tion

s th

at f

aced

the

new

Am

eric

an R

epub

lic

subs

eque

nt t

o vi

c-

tory

in 1

781,

we

wer

e qu

ite

wea

k on

dem

ocra

cy

and c

ivil

lib

erti

es, ev

en a

fter

the

adopti

on o

f

the

Bil

l of

Rig

hts

in 1

791.

It

would

be

wel

l fo

r P

rofe

ssor

of

His

tory

Sch

lesi

nger

to r

emin

d P

resi

dent

Ken

nedy

that

no

pres

iden

tial

ele

ctio

ns w

ere

held

in

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

unti

l 17

89, m

ore

than

sev

en y

ears

aft

er

the

end

of th

e R

evol

utio

n; th

at e

ven

then

Geo

rge

Was

hing

ton

was

uno

ppos

ed f

or P

resi

dent

, as

he

was

aga

in in

179

2; th

at th

e th

eory

of

our

Fou

nd-

ing F

ather

s, a

s w

ritt

en i

nto

the

Const

ituti

on,

mad

e no

pla

ce f

or p

olit

ical

par

ties

; and

that

two

dist

inct

par

ties

did

not

com

e in

to e

xist

ence

unt

il

a go

od tw

elve

yea

rs a

fter

the

clos

e of

the

Rev

olu-

tion

ary

War

. T

he

emin

ent

phil

oso

pher

, W

illi

am E

rnes

t

Hoc

king

, Pro

fess

or E

mer

itus

of

Phi

loso

phy

at

Har

vard

, in

his

book

Str

engt

h of

Men

and

Na-

tions

, 4fr

esse

s a

cons

ider

atio

n th

at is

mos

t per

ti-

nent

to

the

Cub

an s

itua

tion

: In

the

wor

ld-w

ide

effo

rt t

o m

eet

the

nee

ds

of

under

-dev

eloped

regi

ons,

it m

ust b

e re

aliz

ed th

at a

deg

ree

of d

ic-

tato

rshi

p is

ine

scap

able

for

the

fir

st s

teps

. . .

.

23 '

•

A p

eopl

e un

educ

ated

and

uni

nfor

med

, dev

oid

of

the

habi

t of

thin

king

out

thei

r ow

n de

stin

y, m

ust

proc

eed

tow

ard

self

-gov

ernm

ent

unde

r re

spon

-si

ble

guid

ance

." A

nd i

n su

ch c

ircu

mst

ance

s th

e peo

ple

in g

ener

al m

ay w

ell

wan

t no g

entl

e lo

ose

nes

s of

rein

but

a st

rict

and d

eter

min

ed

com

man

d,"

just

as

mid

ship

men

pre

fer

a ca

ptai

n w

ho "

keep

s a

taut

shi

p."

Thi

s di

scus

sion

bri

ngs

us b

ack

to th

e st

atem

ent

by M

r. D

oum

boya

of

Gui

nea

that

"fl

edgl

ing

gov-

ernm

ents

must

alw

ays

engag

e in

his

tori

c ac

ts

whi

ch s

omet

imes

bec

ome

the

caus

e of

ill

rep

ute

for

them

." A

s to

such

act

s on t

he

par

t of

the

Cas

tro

regi

me,

as

wel

l as

its

obv

ious

err

ors

and

exce

sses

, th

e w

ord

s of

Lord

Mac

aula

y i

n h

is

Ess

ay o

n M

ilto

n (

1825

) ar

e re

mar

kabl

y re

leva

nt:

"We

dep

lore

the

outr

ages

that

acc

om

pan

y

revolu

tions.

But

• °

• th

e fi

nal

and p

erm

anen

t fr

uit

s of

liber

ty a

re w

isdom

, m

oder

atio

n a

nd

mer

cy. I

ts i

mm

edia

te e

ffec

ts a

re o

ften

atr

ocio

us

crim

es, c

onfl

icti

ng e

rror

s, s

kept

icis

m o

n po

ints

th

e m

ost

clea

r, d

ogm

atis

m o

n po

ints

the

mos

t m

yste

riou

s. I

t is

just

at t

his

cris

is th

at it

s en

emie

s lo

ve to

exh

ibit

it. T

hey

pull

dow

n th

e sc

affo

ldin

g fr

om th

e ha

lf-f

inis

hed

edif

ice:

they

poi

nt to

:tli

e fl

ying

dus

t, t

he f

alli

ng b

rick

s, t

he c

omfo

rtle

ss

room

s, t

he

frig

htf

ul

irre

gula

rity

of

the

whole

ap

pea

rance

; an

d t

hen

ask

in s

corn

wher

e th

e pr

omis

ed s

plen

dor

and

com

fort

are

to

be f

ound

. 24

• t

,

If s

uch

mis

erab

le s

ophi

sms

wer

e to

pre

vail

, the

re

wou

ld n

ever

be

a go

od h

ouse

or

a go

od g

over

n-m

ent

in t

he w

orld

."

Iv

I sa

id a

t th

e st

art

of t

his

essa

y th

at t

he U

. S.-

back

ed i

nvas

ion

of C

uba

was

a c

rim

e ag

ains

t th

e A

mer

ican

peo

ple.

Thi

s is

tru

e no

t on

ly b

e-ca

use

it g

reat

ly i

ncre

ased

int

erna

tion

al t

ensi

ons

and t

he

dan

ger

of

a horr

ible

nucl

ear

war

, but

also

bec

ause

it

set

at n

aught

long r

ecogniz

ed

dem

ocra

tic

prin

cipl

es a

nd C

onst

itut

iona

l sa

fe-

guar

ds i

n th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s.

In r

elat

ion

to C

uba,

Pre

side

nt K

enne

dy a

nd

his

clos

e as

soci

ates

act

ed a

s a

tigh

t li

ttle

gro

up

of c

onsp

irat

oria

l bur

eauc

rats

in v

iola

tion

of

par-

liam

enta

ry p

roce

dure

s an

d th

e fu

ndam

enta

l pri

n-ci

ple

of t

he C

onst

itut

iona

l se

para

tion

of

pow

ers

amon

g th

e th

ree

bran

ches

of

the

U. S

. Gov

ern-

men

t. P

rior

to

the

inva

sion

, Con

gres

s w

as n

ot

giv

en t

he

slig

hte

st o

pport

unit

y t

o d

ebat

e th

e C

uban

iss

ue;

nor

was

it

subm

itte

d to

the

Sen

ate

Com

mit

tee

on F

orei

gn R

elat

ions

, of

whi

ch J

. W

illi

am F

ulbr

ight

(D

.) o

f A

rkan

sas

is C

hair

man

, no

r to

tha

t C

omm

itte

e's

subc

omm

itte

e on

Lat

in

Am

eric

an A

ffai

rs. H

owev

er, S

enat

or F

ulbr

ight

, know

ing a

bout

Oper

atio

n P

luto

in a

dvan

ce,

alm

ost

alo

ne

among A

dm

inis

trat

ion l

eader

s op

pose

d it

in

a m

emor

andu

m t

o th

e P

resi

dent

.

25

. •

'

••

Of

cours

e the A

merica

n p

eople

as

a w

hole

had

no c

hance

to e

xpre

ss their o

pin

ion o

n the q

ues-

tion o

f K

ennedy'

s plu

ngin

g them

into

the C

uban

maels

trom

. A

s S

enato

r M

ors

e p

ut it

in a

speech

on the S

enate

flo

or:

"T

here

is g

rave

doubt as

to

the le

galit

y of th

e c

ours

e o

f act

ion o

ur

countr

y fo

llow

ed last w

eek in r

egard

to C

uba. . F

ree-

dom

is w

ort

h too m

uch

as

a h

um

an s

yste

m o

f gove

rnm

ent fo

r us

to s

urr

ender

any

of our

free-

dom

to a

pol

ice

stat

e sy

stem

in th

e fi

eld

of fo

reig

n po

licy,

dic

tate

d b

y d

enyin

g to the p

eople

the

know

ledge o

f th

e facts

of th

eir o

wn fore

ign

polic

y."

[Italic

s m

ine.—

C. L.)

K

ennedy's

Cuban a

dventu

re c

onstitu

ted a

n

Exe

cutiv

e a

ctio

n r

unnin

g d

irect

ly c

ounte

r to

the

pro

nounce

ment in

the D

ecl

ara

tion o

f In

depend-

' ence a

bout govern

ments

"derivin

g their just

pow

ers

fro

m th

e co

nsen

t of t

he g

over

ned.

" [Ita

lics

min

e—

C. L.)

As

Mr.

Davi

d W

ise, W

hite

House

co

rresp

ondent of th

e N

ew Y

ork

Her

ald

Tri

bune

, w

rote

on M

ay

2: "

If a

majo

r fo

reig

n p

olic

y act

ion

—ca

rryi

ng w

ith it

the r

isk

of w

ar—

must

be p

re-

pare

d in

secre

t, t

hen

should

it b

o u

ndert

ake

n a

t all?

And a

coro

llary

quest

ion b

ein

g a

sked is

how

fa

r dow

n the r

oad a

dem

ocr

acy

can g

o in

em

ula

t-in

g the tact

ics

of its

enem

ies

befo

re it

wake

s up

one m

orn

ing a

nd fin

ds

it is

no lo

nger

very

diff

er-

ent fr

om

its

foes?

" A

fter

the invasio

n a

s w

ell

as b

efo

re it, the

Kennedy

Adm

inis

tratio

n p

urs

ued it

s polic

y of un-

dem

ocr

acy

, endeavo

ring to s

tifle

a fre

e a

nd full

debate

on the c

rim

e a

gain

st C

uba in

Congre

ss

and in

Am

erica

n o

rgans

of public

opin

ion. T

he

Pre

sident arr

anged in

terv

iew

s w

ith the h

ighest

ra

nki

ng R

epublic

an le

aders

such

as

ex-

Pre

sident

Eis

enhow

er,

form

er

Vic

e P

resi

dent N

ixon, ex-

Pre

sid

ent H

oover,

Govern

or

Rockefe

ller

and

Senato

r B

arr

y G

old

wate

r. T

he a

im w

as

to s

ecu

re

Republic

an a

cquie

scence

in the C

uban a

ssault

and a

bip

art

isan b

lack

out on the w

hole

busi

ness

. In

fact

, during the first

weeks

after

the in

vasi

on

it w

as

only

Senato

r M

ors

e w

ho s

poke

out in

the

halls

of C

ongre

ss a

gain

st K

ennedy'

s re

vers

ion to

"the law

of th

e jungle

," a

s h

e c

alle

d it. In the

pre

ss there

was

ple

nty

of cr

itici

sm a

bout how

. in

effic

iently

the C

uban a

ttack

was

handle

d, but

pre

cious

little

about its

uneth

ical a

nd h

ypocr

iti-

cal c

hara

cter.

In

a talk

April 2

0 b

efo

re the A

merica

n S

oci

ety

of N

ew

spaper

Edito

rs, P

resi

dent K

ennedy

cern

-pounded h

is m

ista

kes

of th

e p

ast

by

indic

aV

ng

that th

ere

would

be n

ew

ones

in the futu

re. "L

et

the r

ecord

show

," h

e d

ecla

red, "t

hat our

re-.

stra

int is

not in

exh

aust

ible

. S

hould

it e

ver

appear

that th

e inte

r-A

merican d

octr

ine o

f no

n-in

ter-

•f

eren

ce m

ere

ly c

once

als

or

exc

use

s a p

olic

y of

non-a

ction; if the n

ations o

f th

is h

em

isphere

sh

ould

fail

to m

eet th

eir c

om

mitm

ents

again

st

27

• 7

0

1.

•

outs

ide

Com

mun

ist

pene

trat

ion,

the

n I

wan

t it

cl

earl

y un

ders

tood

that

this

Cov

ernm

ent w

ill n

ot

hesi

tate

in m

eeti

ng it

s pr

imar

y ob

liga

tion

s, w

hich

ar

e th

e se

curi

ty o

f ou

r na

tion

. Sho

uld

that

tim

e ev

er c

ome,

we

do n

ot i

nten

d to

be

lect

ured

on

inte

rven

tio

n b

y t

ho

se w

ho

se c

har

acte

r w

as

stam

ped

fo

r al

l ti

me

on

th

e b

loo

dy

str

eets

of

Bud

apes

t."

The

se f

ight

ing

wor

ds s

eem

ed to

con

trad

ict t

he

Pre

side

nt's

ple

dge

of A

pril

12

that

"th

ere

wil

l not

un

der

any

cond

itio

ns b

e an

inte

rven

tion

in C

uba

by U

nite

d S

tate

s ar

med

for

ces"

; an

d th

ey w

ere

ever

yw

her

e in

terp

rete

d a

s not

only

a t

hre

at t

o

the

Lat

in A

mer

ican

all

ies

of t

he U

nite

d S

tate

s,

bu

t al

so a

s a

war

nin

g t

hat

Ken

ned

y m

igh

t se

t in

mot

ion

unil

ater

al m

ilit

ary

inte

rven

tion

to

en-

com

pass

the

des

truc

tion

of

the

Cas

tro

Gov

ern-

ment.

It

is n

o w

onder

that

Th

e N

ati

on

co

ndem

ned

this

spee

ch a

s "o

ne

of

the

most

bel

liger

ent

and r

eckle

ss . . e

ver

mad

e by a

n

Am

eric

an P

resi

dent

."

Dev

elopin

g f

urt

her

his

undem

ocr

atic

tec

h-

niqu

es, P

resi

dent

Ken

nedy

, in

an a

ddre

ss t

o th

e A

mer

ican

New

spap

er P

ubli

sher

s A

ssoc

iati

on o

n A

pril

27,

urg

ed t

he p

ress

to

cens

or i

tsel

f on

be-

hal

f of

nat

ional

sec

uri

ty. A

ngry

at

new

spap

er

expo

sure

s of

the

C.I

.A.'s

clo

ak-a

nd-d

agge

r pl

ot

agai

nst

Cub

a, K

enne

dy a

sser

ted:

"E

very

new

s-

' p

aper

no

w a

sks

itse

lf,

wit

h r

esp

ect

to e

ver

y

28

stor

y: 'I

s it

new

s?' A

ll I

sug

gest

is

that

you

add

th

e q

ues

tio

n:

'Is

it i

n t

he

inte

rest

of

nat

ion

al

secu

rity

?' A

nd I

hop

e th

at e

very

gro

up in

Am

eric

a —

unio

ns a

nd b

usin

essm

en a

nd p

ubli

c of

fici

als

at

ever

y le

vel—

wil

l ask

the

sam

e qu

esti

on o

f th

eir

ende

avor

s, a

nd s

ubje

ct t

heir

act

ions

to

the

sam

e ex

acti

ng te

st"

To

butt

ress

his

pos

itio

n, th

e P

resi

-d

ent

refe

rred

ap

pro

vin

gly

to

th

e fa

ct t

hat

in

th

ese

"tim

es o

f cl

ear

and p

rese

nt

dan

ger

the

cour

ts h

ave

held

tha

t ev

en t

he p

rivi

lege

d ri

ghts

of

the

Fir

st A

men

dmen

t m

ust

yiel

d to

the

pub

-li

c's

need

for

nat

iona

l se

curi

ty."

In

thi

s m

anne

r P

resi

dent

Ken

nedy

exp

ress

ed

him

self

as

fav

ori

ng

th

e cu

rren

t te

nd

ency

in

S

upre

me

Cou

rt d

ecis

ions

to w

eake

n ci

vil l

iber

ties

by

mak

ing

swee

ping

exc

epti

ons

to f

reed

om o

f sp

eech

as

guar

ante

ed in

the

Bil

l of

Big

hts.

I m

ust

add

that

the

goa

l of

eve

ry t

yran

t do

wn

the

ages

ha

s be

en p

reci

sely

to

pres

sure

and

fri

ghte

n th

e in

divi

dual

into

sel

f-ce

nsor

ship

, so

that

he

wil

l no

t dar

e to

spe

ak u

p an

d pr

otes

t pub

licl

y on

con

-tr

over

sial

iss

ues.

Whe

n th

is h

appe

ns a

spi

rit

of

conf

orm

ity

and

fear

eng

ulfs

the

nati

on, a

s in

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

at th

e he

ight

of

McC

arth

yism

. And

if

Am

eric

a's

orga

ns o

f pu

blic

opi

nion

no:

v ad

opt

the

Pre

side

nt's

rec

omm

enda

tion

s, t

his

coun

try

wil

l in

dee

d b

e in

a b

ad w

ay.

In c

riti

cizi

ng t

he P

resi

dent

's s

peec

h, t

he N

ew

Yor

k P

ost

(Apr

il 3

0) s

tate

d in

an

edit

oria

l: "

Mr.

•

• •

29

• i

L

30

Ken

nedy

sai

d 'n

o w

ar e

ver

pose

d a

grea

ter

thre

at

to o

ur s

ecur

ity'

tha

n th

e pr

esen

t cr

isis

and

tha

t

'the

dan

ger

has

nev

er b

een m

ore

cle

ar a

nd i

ts

pres

ence

has

nev

er b

een

mor

e im

min

ent.

' Suc

h

lang

uage

usu

ally

for

esha

dow

s th

e su

spen

sion

of

civil

lib

erti

es. T

hat

, of

cours

e, i

s not

now

the

case

; M

r. K

enned

y e

xpli

citl

y a

sser

ted t

hat

he

has

no d

esir

e to

est

abli

sh th

e 'w

arti

me

disc

ipli

ne

unde

r w

hich

the

Com

mun

ists

con

tinu

ousl

y op

er-

ate.

Yet

the

surf

ace

impa

ct a

nd lo

gic

of h

is w

ords

is t

o en

cour

age

thos

e w

ho w

ould

cre

ate

such

a

clim

ate

here

." T

he P

ost

was

rig

ht.

Pre

side

nt K

enne

dy's

sug

gest

ion

abou

t ne

ws-

pape

rs c

enso

ring

them

selv

es a

rous

ed o

ther

str

ong

com

men

ts i

n t

he

pre

ss. U

nder

the

hea

din

g,

"When

the

Gover

nm

ent

Lie

s, M

ust

the

Pre

ss

Fib

?" I

. F

. Sto

ne's

Wee

kly

(May

8)

stat

ed:

"The

nati

onal

int

eres

t in

a f

ree

soci

ety

is s

uppo

sed

to

lie

in th

e fu

lles

t dis

sem

inat

ion

of th

e fa

cts

so th

at

popu

lar

judg

men

t m

ay b

e tr

uly

info

rmed

. It

is

the

mar

k of

a c

lose

d or

clo

sing

soc

iety

to a

ssum

e

that

the

rul

ers

deci

de h

ow m

uch

the

vulg

ar h

erd

shal

l be

told

."

In a

n ed

itor

ial o

f si

mil

ar p

urpo

rt e

ntit

led

"The

Rig

ht N

ot T

o B

e L

ied

To,

" T

he N

ew Y

ork

Tim

es

(May

11)

said

: "A

dic

tato

rship

can

get

alo

ng

wit

hout

an

info

rmed

pub

lic

opin

ion.

A d

emoc

-

racy

can

not.

Not

onl

y is

it

unet

hica

l to

dec

eive

one'

s ow

n pe

ople

as

part

of

a sy

stem

of

dece

ivin

g

•

, an

adve

rsar

y go

vern

men

t; it

is a

lso

fool

ish?

! The

Chr

isti

an C

entu

ry,

a no

n-de

nom

inat

iona

l an

d

libe

ral r

elig

ious

wee

kly,

ass

aile

d M

r. K

enne

dy's

pro

posa

ls t

o t

he

pre

ss a

nd c

laim

ed t

hat

they

"car

ried

an

over

tone

of

pani

c."

To s

um

mar

ize

this

par

t of

my a

nal

ysi

s, t

he

Ken

nedy

Adm

inis

trat

ion

has

deal

t a h

eavy

blo

w

to c

ivil

libe

rtie

s th

roug

h it

s in

tim

ate

invo

lvem

ent

in t

he i

nvas

ion

of C

uba;

its

bri

nk-o

f-w

ar p

olic

y

tow

ards

the

Cas

tro

regi

me

and

the

Pre

side

nt's

two

unfo

rtun

ate

spee

ches

of

Apr

il 2

0 an

d 27

. At

the

sam

e ti

me

our

Gov

ernm

ent

has

give

n ne

w

hear

t an

d ho

pe t

o ev

ery

righ

t-w

ing

chau

vini

st

in t

he U

. S. A

., an

d to

eve

ry f

rene

tic,

ant

i-fr

ee-

dom

gro

up i

n t

he

land, fr

om

the

Am

eric

an

Leg

ion

to t

he J

ohn

Bir

ch S

ocie

ty.

Pla

inly

, the

att

ack

on C

uba

was

not

onl

y co

n-

trar

y t

o A

mer

ican

idea

ls o

f fa

ir p

lay a

nd t

he

abol

itio

n of

war

, but

als

o to

our

bas

ic s

elf-

inte

rest

as a

peo

ple

and

a na

tion

. For

the

Cub

an d

ebac

le

seri

ousl

y se

t ba

ck P

resi

dent

Ken

nedy

's g

enui

ne

ende

avor

s to

war

ds i

nter

nati

onal

pea

ce;

and

lost

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

an e

norm

ous

amou

nt o

f pr

es-

tige

in

ever

y co

rner

and

con

tine

nt o

f th

e ea

rth,

incl

udin

g C

anad

a an

d L

atin

Am

eric

a, a

nd a

mon

g

" ou

r al

lies

as

wel

l as

am

ong

our

ackn

owle

dged

I fo

es, '

Jose

ph B

arry

wel

l su

mm

ed u

p th

e m

atte

r in

the

New

Yor

k P

ost

of A

pril

21

'Who

ever

win

s

31

•

in C

uba,

we

have

los

t. T

he C

uban

cat

astr

ophe

has

beco

me

an A

mer

ican

trag

edy.

In

its

firs

t 100

days

the

Ken

nedy

Adm

inis

trat

ion

has

virt

uall

y

drai

ned

its

init

ial f

avor

able

bal

ance

in th

e w

orld

's

books.

. . .

"Eve

ryw

here

our

pri

ncip

le o

f se

lf-d

eter

min

a-

tion

has

bee

n co

mpr

omis

ed b

y K

enne

dy's

de-

fens

e of

inte

rven

tion

, how

ever

lim

ited

, in

Cub

a's

dest

iny,

and

the

pro

mis

e—w

hich

to

the

wor

ld

is a

thr

eat—

to i

nter

vene

hea

vily

sho

uld

its

des-

tiny

not

be

the

one

we

pref

er. .

. . T

he n

eutr

als

of

the

worl

d, fr

om

Neh

ru t

o T

ito, hav

e bee

n

shoc

ked.

The

new

nat

ions

of

Afr

ica

are

fear

ful

of w

hat s

ome

alre

ady

refe

r to

as

`Am

eric

an n

eo-

colo

nial

ism

.' F

rom

Del

hi is

hea

rd th

e di

smay

ing

doubt

that

'the

New

Fro

nti

er m

ay a

fter

all

be

jtis

t th

e ol

d fa

mil

iar

brin

k.'"

In

a l

ette

r to

The

New

Yor

k T

imes

pri

nted

on

May

13,

Cyr

us E

aton

, wel

l-kn

own

Cle

vela

nd

indu

stri

alis

t, po

inte

d ou

t the

inte

rnat

iona

l im

pli-

cati

ons

of th

e A

mer

ican

Gov

ernm

ent's

fai

lure

to

obta

in d

epen

dabl

e fa

ctua

l in

form

atio

n co

ncer

n-

ing C

uba:

"If

our

inte

llig

ence

on C

uba,

only

nine

ty m

iles

aw

ay, c

ould

be

so e

rron

eous

and

mis

lead

ing,

how

muc

h be

tter

is

it l

ikel

y to

be

on C

zech

osl

ovak

ia, E

ast

Ger

man

y, H

ungar

y,

Pola

nd, R

um

ania

, B

ulg

aria

and t

he

Sovie

t

Uni

on?

"Fro

m f

irst

-han

d o

bse

rvat

ion i

n E

aste

rn

32

Eur

ope,

I k

now

tha

t ou

r di

plom

atic

per

sonn

el

deli

bera

tely

mai

ntai

n th

e m

ost

lim

ited

con

tact

wit

h go

vern

men

t of

fici

als

and

prac

tica

lly

none

wit

h th

e co

mm

on m

an. .

. . B

y se

ekin

g ou

t th

e

mos

t ext

rem

e an

ti-C

omm

unis

t ele

men

ts w

here

ver

it o

pera

tes,

the

C.I

.A. h

as l

arge

ly c

ut i

tsel

f of

f

from

rel

iabl

e an

d us

eful

int

elli

genc

e."

Mea

nwhi

le, t

he S

ovie

t Gov

ernm

ent h

ad ta

ken

a fi

rm a

nd c

onsi

sten

t st

and

on t

he C

uban

sit

ua-

tion

. Pre

mie

r K

hrus

hche

v in

his

not

e of

Apr

il 2

2

pres

ente

d to

Pre

side

nt K

enne

dy a

ser

ies

of r

ea-

sone

d ar

gum

ents

opp

osin

g th

e A

mer

ican

att

i-

tude

: "Y

ou s

impl

y cl

aim

," M

r. K

hrus

hche

v sa

id,

"som

e ri

ght

of y

ours

to

empl

oy m

ilit

ary

forc

e

whe

n yo

u fi

nd it

nec

essa

ry, a

nd to

sup

pres

s ot

her

peop

les

each

tim

e yo

u de

cide

tha

t th

eir

expr

es-

sion

of

wil

l co

nsti

tute

s 'c

omm

unis

m.'

But

wha

t

righ

t ha

ife

you,

wha

t ri

ght

has

anyo

ne i

n ge

n-

eral

, to

dep

rive

a peo

ple

of

the

poss

ibil

ity o

f

choo

sing

thei

r so

cial

and

pol

itic

al s

yste

m o

f th

eir

own

free

wil

l?"

Khr

ushc

hev

conc

lude

d hi

s m

es-

sage

by

urgi

ng o

nce

mor

e th

at th

e S

ovie

t Uni

on

and

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

wor

k th

roug

h to

pea

cefu

l

coex

iste

nce,

wit

h st

able

agr

eem

ents

on

disa

rma-

men

t an

d ot

her

inte

rnat

iona

l pr

oble

ms.

In

the

Uni

ted

Nat

ions

on

Apr

il 2

6, V

aler

ian

.A.

Zor

in, h

ead

of th

e S

ovie

t del

egat

ion,

rep

eate

d hi

s 1

Gov

ernm

ent's

ple

dge

to c

ome

to th

e ai

d of

Cub

a

in c

ase

it w

as s

ubje

ct t

o m

ilit

ary

inte

rven

tion

;

33

34

t

t

and

asse

rted

tha

t th

is p

rom

ise

"was

giv

en s

eri-

ousl

y, m

ore

seri

ousl

y th

an t

he B

riti

sh p

ledg

e of

help

to

Pol

and

that

hel

ped

to d

raw

the

Wes

tern

alli

es i

nto

Worl

d W

ar I

I" (

New

Yor

k T

imes

,

Apr

il 2

7).

As

for

open

U. S

. mil

itar

y in

terv

enti

on i

n th

e

futu

re t

o ge

t ri

d of

Cas

tro,

Sen

ator

Mor

se w

as

corr

ect

whe

n he

ass

erte

d on

Apr

il 2

4: "

I sa

y to

the

Sen

ator

s to

day

that

it

is m

y ju

dgm

ent

that

if th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s se

eks

to s

ettl

e it

s di

ffer

ence

s

wit

h C

uba

thro

ugh t

he

use

of

mil

itar

y m

ight,

eith

er d

irec

t or

ind

irec

t, w

e sh

all

be a

t le

ast

half

a ce

ntu

ry r

ecover

ing, if

we

ever

rec

over

, th

e

pres

tige

, the

und

erst

andi

ng a

nd t

he c

onfi

denc

e

of o

ne L

atin

Am

eric

an n

eigh

bor

afte

r an

othe

r.

. . . C

uba

is n

ot

a dag

ger

poin

ted a

t th

e hea

rt

of

the

Unit

ed S

tate

s, b

ut

is i

nst

ead a

thorn

in

. •

4.

our

fles

h."

How

ever

, Cub

a ne

ed n

ot e

ven

have

bec

ome

thor

n in

our

fle

sh"

had

the

Eis

enho

wer

Ad-

min

istr

atio

n of

fere

d ec

onom

ic c

oope

rati

on a

nd

assi

stan

ce to

the

Cas

tro

regi

me

whe

n it

took

ove

r

earl

y in

195

9. A

mer

ica

shou

ld h

ave

been

gla

d at

that

tim

e th

at h

ere

was

a n

on-C

omm

unis

t rev

olu-

tion t

he

Wes

tern

Hem

ispher

e w

ith f

ar-r

each

-

ing s

oci

al g

oal

s an

d w

ith i

nte

llig

ent

idea

list

s

lead

ing

it. H

ere

was

a c

hanc

e fo

r th

e A

mer

ican

Rev

olut

ion

to c

atch

up

wit

h an

d pa

rtic

ipat

e in

the

grea

t so

cial

rev

olut

ion

that

has

bee

n sw

eep-

. in

g t

he

worl

d d

uri

ng t

he

twen

tiet

h c

entu

ry,

a

chan

ce f

or th

e U

nite

d S

tate

s to

bef

rien

d a

stru

g-

glin

g ne

w r

egim

e an

d gi

ve g

uida

nce

to a

dem

o-

crat

ic r

econst

ruct

ion o

f th

e C

uban

eco

nom

y

and

poli

tica

l sy

stem

. In

stea

d of

gra

spin

g th

is u

niqu

e op

port

unit

y,

the

Am

eric

an G

over

nmen

t fo

llow

ed i

ts u

sual

poli

cy o

f ho

stil

ity

tow

ards

a n

ew o

rder

ded

icat

ed

to r

adic

al s

ocia

l an

d ec

onom

ic r

efor

m, a

nd d

id

ever

ythi

ng p

ossi

ble

to w

eake

n an

d un

derm

ine

it.

For

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

this

was

an

exte

nsio

n of

the

atti

tude

Wal

ter

Lip

pman

n de

scri

bes

whe

n he

, say

s: "

We

have

use

d m

oney

and

arm

s in

a l

ong

losi

ng a

ttem

pt t

o st

abil

ize

nati

ve g

over

nmen

ts

whi

ch, i

n th

e na

me

of a

nti-

Com

mun

ism

, are

op-

pose

d to

all

im

port

ant

soci

al c

hang

e."

But

it is

not

too

late

to r

etri

eve

the

situ

atio

n in

rega

rd to

Cub

a. D

espi

te th

e A

mer

ican

-sup

port

ed

, inv

asio

n, o

nly

a w

eek

afte

r it

had

bee

n re

puls

ed

Pre

mie

r C

astr

o a

nd P

resi

den

t D

ort

icds

said

in a

sta

tem

ent

about

Cuba

and t

he

Unit

ed

Sta

tes:

"W

e ar

e w

illi

ng to

hol

d w

hate

ver

disc

us-

, sio

ns m

ay b

e ne

cess

ary

to f

ind

a so

luti

on f

or t

he

, ten

sion

exi

stin

g be

twee

n th

e tw

o co

untr

ies

and

to a

rriv

e at

a f

orm

ula

of p

eace

ful

coex

iste

nce,

dipl

omat

ic r

elat

ions

and

eve

n fr

iend

ly r

elat

ions

,

, if

the

Gover

nm

ent

of

the

Unit

ed S

tate

s so

de-

.

sire

s."

The

U. S

. Sta

te D

epar

tmen

t br

usqu

ely,

foo

l-

'.

7

• a 1.

35

'

•

ishl

y an

d ch

ildi

shly

dis

mis

sed

this

con

cili

ator

y

gest

ure

wit

h th

e re

join

der,

"C

omm

unis

m i

n th

is

hem

isph

ere

is n

ot n

egot

iabl

e."

V

How

ever

, the

re i

s no

nec

essi

ty f

or t

his

bein

g

the

final

word

if

the

Ken

ned

y A

dm

inis

trat

ion

wil

l re

consi

der

the

whole

mat

ter

in a

spir

it o

f

reas

on a

nd i

n th

e li

ght

of w

hat

is t

o th

e gr

eate

st

adva

ntag

e of

the

Am

eric

an p

eopl

e an

d la

stin

g

peac

e. I

n m

y op

inio

n, P

resi

dent

Ken

nedy

sho

uld

take

the

fol

low

ing

step

s:

1.

Issu

e an

unq

uali

fied

ple

dge

that

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Gover

nm

ent

wil

l not

at a

ny t

ime

in t

he

futu

re u

nder

take

mil

itar

y in

terv

enti

on a

gain

st

Cub

a, e

ithe

r di

rect

ly o

r in

dire

ctly

. 2.

Cea

se a

ll f

urth

er s

uppo

rt t

o th

ose

Cub

an

exil

es a

nd r

efugee

s, o

n A

mer

ican

soil

or

any-

whe

re e

lse,

who

are

pla

nnin

g an

othe

r in

vasi

on

atte

mpt

to

over

thro

w t

he C

astr

o re

gim

e.

3.

Announce

that

hen

cefo

rth t

he

Unit

ed

Sta

tes

Gov

ernm

ent

wil

l re

spec

t in

ful

l al

l in

ter-

nati

onal

tre

aty

obli

gati

ons

rega

rdin

g C

uba.

4.

Arr

ange

the

spe

edy

resi

gnat

ion

from

the

Cen

tral

Int

elli

genc

e A

genc

y of

thos

e to

p of

fici

als

who

had

pri

mar

y re

spon

sibi

lity

for

the

C.I

.A.'s

igno

min

ious

rol

e in

the

Cub

an f

iasc

o. A

lso

re-

plac

e A

dolf

A. B

erle

, Jr.

, the

Adm

inis

trat

ion'

s

coor

dina

tor

of L

atin

Am

eric

an p

olic

ies,

who

has

36

dis

pla

yed

an a

bysm

al i

gnora

nce

conce

rnin

g

Cub

a.

5.

Acc

ept

the

Cub

an G

over

nmen

t's p

ropo

sal

for

the

re-e

stab

lish

men

t of

dip

lom

atic

rel

atio

ns

betw

een

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

and

Cub

a.

6.

Agr

ee t

o ne

goti

ate

the

chie

f po

liti

cal

and

othe

r pr

oble

ms

that

'exi

st to

day

betw

een

the

two

coun

trie

s, in

clud

ing

the

ques

tion

s of

nor

mal

trad

e

rela

tion

s an

d of

pro

per

fina

ncia

l co

mpe

nsat

ion

for

the

Am

eric

an p

rope

rty

nati

onal

ized

by

the

Cas

tro

regi

me.

[C

ongr

essm

an F

rank

Kow

alsk

i

(D.)

of

Con

nect

icut

mad

e pr

opos

als

alon

g th

ese

line

s in

a s

peec

h in

the

Hou

se o

f R

epre

sent

ativ

es

on A

pril

27.

] 7.

Agr

ee t

o su

bmit

dis

pute

s on

whi

ch a

gree

-

men

t can

not a

t pre

sent

be

reac

hed

to th

e U

nite

d

Nat

ions

or

the

Wor

ld C

ourt

. 8.

Lif

t the

ban

aga

inst

Am

eric

an c

itiz

ens

go-

ing t

o C

uba,

re-

esta

bli

shin

g i

n t

his

sec

tor

the

prec

ious

rig

ht to

trav

el.

9.

Sen

d to

Cub

a a

spec

ial

fact

-fin

ding

com

-

mis

sion

of

dist

ingu

ishe

d A

mer

ican

s to

mak

e a

com

plet

e, i

mpa

rtia

l st

udy

of t

he s

itua

tion

the

re,

so t

hat

the

U. S

. Gov

ernm

ent

wil

l ha

ve r

elia

ble

info

rmat

ion

on th

e de

velo

pmen

ts th

at h

ave

take

n

plac

e un

der

the

Cas

tro

regi

me.

37

•

•

. •

. '

:

7

•

':•

•

•

•.

•

- • SU

GG

ESTE

D I

lmsn

Eri

cEs

• In

th

is p

amph

let

I ha

ve n

ot e

ndea

vore

d to

desc

ribe

in a

ny d

etai

l the

imm

ense

pro

gres

s th

at

Cub

a ha

s m

ade

unde

r th

e C

astr

o re

gim

e. F

or

info

rmat

ion

abou

t thi

s as

pect

of

the

Cub

an R

ev-

olut

ion

I re

fer

the

read

er to

the

follo

win

g:

Boo

ks a

nd p

amph

lets

L

eo H

uber

man

and

Pau

l M. S

wee

zy, C

uba,

: A

nato

my

of a

Rev

olut

ion,

Mon

thly

Rev

iew

Pr

ess,

New

Yor

k, 1

960.

Clo

th, $

3.50

; pap

er-

back

, $1.

75.

C. W

righ

t Mill

s, L

iste

n, Y

anke

e: T

he R

evol

it-

tion i

n C

uba,

Bal

lant

ine

Boo

ks, N

ew Y

ork,

19

60. 5

00.

at

Paul

A. B

aran

, R

efle

ctio

ns o

n th

e C

uban

Rem

-

: lu

tion

, M

onth

ly R

evie

w P

ress

, New

Yor

k,

'. 19

61. 3

5#.

Sour

ces

for

both

int

erna

l de

velo

pmen

ts i

n C

uba

and

the

inva

sion

of

Apr

il 1

981

" F

air

Pla

y, b

ulle

tin

of th

e F

air

Pla

y fo

r C

uba

Com

mitt

ee, 7

99 B

road

way

, New

Yor

k 3,

N. Y

.

The

Ind

epen

dent

, 22

5 L

afay

ette

Str

eet,

New

Y

ork

12, N

. Y.

Mon

thly

Rev

iew

, 66

Bar

row

Str

eet,

New

Yor

k 14

, N. Y

.

Nat

iona

l Gua

rdia

n, 1

97 E

ast 4

th S

tree

t, N

ew

Yor

k 9,

N.Y

. (es

peci

ally

see

dis

patc

hes

from

G

uard

ian

Edi

tor-

in-E

xile

, Ced

ric

Bel

frag

e,

Hav

ana)

. N

ew Y

ork

Tim

es,

Tim

es S

quar

e, N

ew Y

ork,

N

.Y.

I. F

. Sto

ne's

Wee

kly,

581

8 N

ebra

ska

Ave

nue,

N

.W.,

Was

hing

ton

15, D

.C.

Pet

itio

n to

the

Pre

side

nt o

f th

e U

nite

d St

ates

and t

he

Att

orn

ey G

ener

al,

by

Am

eric

an

Law

yers

, and

sup

port

ing

Mem

oran

dum

of

Law

con

cern

ing

the

Pol

icy

of t

he A

mer

ican

Gove

rnm

ent

rela

ting t

o C

uba u

nder

the

Neu

tral

ity

Law

s, T

reat

ies

wit

h C

uba,

and

In

tern

atio

nal L

aw, N

ew Y

ork,

196

1. (C

opie

s m

ay b

e ob

tain

ed f

rom

Mr.

Jes

se C

ordo

n,

333

Sixt

h A

venu

e, N

ew Y

ork

14, N

. Y. P

rice

$1

.00

to c

over

cos

t of

prin

ting

and

mai

ling.

)

39

• ••

I.

I '

,

I '

•• •

•

• •

•

0

•

•

I •

.,•

,

' •

. •

• i

• 4

• •

•

‘.:.

.

. •

••

'

Mai

labl

e-

• OT

HE

R B

ASI

C P

AM

PHL

ET

S •

by

CO

RL

ISS

LA

MO

NT

•

2.

The

Civ

il Li

berti

es C

risis

3.

The

Hum

anis

t Tra

ditio

n 4.

Effe

cts

of A

mer

ican

For

eign

Pol

icy

5.

Bac

k to

the

Bill

of R

ight

s 7.

Cha

lleng

e to

McC

arth

y 8.

The

Con

gres

sion

al In

quis

ition

9.

The

Ass

ault

on A

cade

mic

Fre

edom

•

10.

The

Rig

ht to

Tra

vel

" 11

. To

End

Nuc

lear

Bom

b Te

sts

(With

'Marg

are

t Lam

ont)

•

• n

• •

12. A

Pea

ce P

rogr

am fo

r the

U.S

.A.

; ..•

' 13

. M

y T

rip

Aro

und

the

Wor

ld

All

pam

phle

ts 1

0# e

ach

' Sen

d y

our

ord

er t

o B

ASIC

PA

MP

HL

ET

S;

Box

42, C

ath

edra

l Sta

tion, N

ew Y

ork

25,

New

Yor

k.

• Sp

ecia

l pri

ces

on b

ulk

orde

rs:

7 co

pies

50f

1;

15 c

opie

s $1.0

0;

50 c

opie

s or

more

, 40%

• di

scou

nt.

, .

.

407

•

".•

' •

0

•

I •

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ac.nva 1,•.:rt•

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VCRIFy .N.v.V CLISTONICA (7.73 • ISSI:l I: • • 4 - 7 ....

. • AA; t.• .

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sramei 4cto at

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:.,..,:. —

MEYER Osp.T.

DATE 1 •

FOi.t-O ORDER NO

.1.4'' i• . ..1.; { r ,r. 0 C ,''s ,'.1. CO oA--

- ... . • .

. —......-...•

A J HIDELL . P.O. BOX 30016 NEW ORLEANS, I

To: The Fair Play for Cuba Committee New Orleans, La.

I I I wish to join the Committee. Enclosed is my Initiation Fee of $1.00

and dues are $1.00 a month.

Address

Name

• //-! • 0-4:1 City

Zone State • 407

/--77 I cannot participate as an active member of the Committee, but wish to

become a subscriber to mailings. Ehclosed find $5.00 for one year. I would like to have a more active part in supporting the cause of FPCC.

Enclosed is my contribution for

,;";• •••,t 4".

WI

• . .i.•

. •

!••• •

.

• .'::•';111.."' • *1

• •

,

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vat :;.0- 4.....w

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49:4144)

0•51:1 48-1 NvAll':".11/°\11:: •

; .! Date impivaelona taken

I

1 •

• •

I . ••• •

I .

/ •

I •

For= SP-i:

0 (-`‘ j: SpoCe Blank

, 0 aficka.)

COLoR sEx _Marx,

REF. 777 -

,,••••••:• •

NAME JIJL (Surname)

ALIAS

NO 2-72

Jfi NS'S (First)

••■•■•••".••

Place of Birth

Residence

Ocatosizion ASALER x

e

t !xi 801, BRCZN/ Date of Binh AOTe, Scare.

•

POUR

LEFT HAND

I •

Record from , •-,

Ago 4__________ lie.Ight I n Date and Place of Arrest • 1 .6 — Weight 17°

• Ey. BRUir, . k.:, 4cz)don; r°0:23::. DEPT. Buff- id Slig i_ if.i'ag \-^•\;., ' ".67., P II ^ ,.

Pe' • h \ 2 IV ■;-' - .."''

2 spoet .1 of Case •., 7 . 0 --or .:111," De. s T' ''''r-'- n-'4 9 aturs

...'i .""

STATE. OF I.:011.14&X . ki4AnniENT OF STA7-7:::P:CCA.r...

..:I:C-"--;•...„

;,. - 'Bureau of Identifleatio.n

BATON ROUGE

Ttr. 'Ex . X . • 3

• . .

. • AGE 44 . E.P.E.

14. 0 27 w sit X 32 W XIx .7.3 vi4. 1170 ..- - • -- '.! •

GRIME

indescent exrdIsurs . . *RELEASED -

RECEIVED IR".Pjj Houma, La. amm N o o..: • .. .. THEIR NO. •

. . • '• RECORD .. .7.•••45•■55

DATi ARRESTED . 272

. . -

isms Haydel, James Abner ALIAS COLOR Haydelit, A. J .

q mlot,o),•::••• 42..rm ••.

IA. PEN NO. d

C2S /4.C3 42-22 dist the pei....ce IDy crcatin a • scene . . •

". •

-.%

•

• •

Of TED STATES DEPAIITNIE.):T CIFO CE

t' FEDERAL LUREAtt OF INVEZ.T1GATI,-,01 - V.15S1H:GTON 23. D. C..

*3-q/-L(.0 76 • :

BUREAU _ The following r131 record, NUMBER 327 925 ID. 4 furnished FOR OFFICIAL ESE 0:

•

c="4113j::Tr NAME AND NUMOIli • mWgNAP GMARCC

Mre$M.1,, . • . • Marine *. • - 1.

.• PD 7cw 'Orleans La

• ."- • . Lee Harvey Oswald • •••• • #1653230

. - Oswa).(1 0112-723 .

; . .

10-24-56

r

407 .

. . . : •

Notations indicated by * ARE NOT BASED ON FINGERPRLNTS, IN FBI files. The notations are I.ased on (tau

formerly furnished this Bureau concerning individuals of the samo or similar names or aliases and ARE LISTEE

ONLY AS INVESTIGATIVE LEADS.

so—ressrs rasoreildi 6:1111

•

S.

St. s. ron 4117-S WY MO

EMPLOYEE'S WITIVEADIII3 EXETIPTION CERTIFICATE

11.••... I: AC-4.

• • S 457. SA VOt 1SC 7117t, • ? s

Print full name Print home address 9r

-gz • city iveki adie, State

dada.

HOW TO CLAIM YOUR WITNr4OLOIAIG EXE)4TTIONS

I. U SINGLE, and you claim an exemption, write the figure "i"

2. If MARRIED, one exemption each is allowable for husband and wife if not claimed on another certificate.

(A) If you claim both of these =emptiness, write the figure "2"

(b) If you claim vat of these exemptions, write the figure "1"

(r) If you claim neither of the,* exemptions, write -0" 3. Exemptions for age and blindoess (applicable only to you end your wife but cot to dependents):

(e) If you or your wife will be 65 years of age or older at the end of the year, end you claim this exemption,

write "I"; if both will be 65 or older, and you claim both of there exemptions, write "2"

(6) If you or your wife ate blind, and you claim this exemption, write the figure "I"; U both are blind,

and you claim both of these exemptions, write the figure "2"

4. If you claim exemptions for one or more dependents, write the number of such exemptions. (Do ant claim

exemption for a dependent unless you are gualeied under instruction 4 on other aide.)

S. Add the number of exemptions whids you have claimed above and write the total •

6. Additional withhold' iod under atreen=t with ern t. Sc, Instruction I

I CERTIFY that the number of withholding exemptions claimed co this certificate does not / Geed th r nttmb

(Dane) _076. 1943 ow:6.o --

EDTLOVEZ: Fri Wt arn r.n• r.--.4,114. 00* autuktanuit ala-LiS 0. L btons Lax It= To/ mat

EMPLOYER: 6..mg ter cerTi• m'a

ti At3 pica' rte-snit. It b`s =elms it bellstod te Use clant toe awry rt. cry-tra, tlin Sh-irk& Otrador tricht la to rilrinet

$

• •

•

•

(LAST' RAM[)

(rinser semen) SAFETY INS'IMUCTIONS TO EA.21.0" I. Report at once to your supervisor oil injuries no matter how slight.

2. Be thoughtful and orderly in your conduct. Many injuries are the result of

"horseplay" and fooling, 3. Always use the safety devices wh:ch are provided by the company for your

protection, 4. Report to your supervisor any conditions or practices which appear to be

unsafe. 5. Employees should, at all times, de everything possible to avoid getting hurt,

and avoid injuring any other employee. 6. Be safety conscious and give your supervisor suggestions yOu have for

improving safety measures or devices I have (read) — (had explained to me, and wil arre the SAFETY INSTRUC-

TIONS set forth a'

""))e

Signatures—. — I have reviewed the . mstructions with the employee and outlin

Bees to be followed on the work assigned.

• The best safety device is a CAREFUL WORM:

LP. 841 Sm.

.. 407

, )7/•- {14100Lt HAPti)

•

e safe pr4.

• • •

• *

•

•

• 7 ;.•'•

• .•

: • .

• '

• . :

• •

..Seacioned .C6O

rni es ornm

unlite on the local "Now

it Ls becom

ing evident that

WA

SIIING

TON

, 11. C. — S

caTiated." S

enator Eastland a a Id.

rKi C

e‘,1

apparen

tly h

ave b

een as. iC

cnim

unid

Party

mem

bers

• • ;•c,1 to ?unit the orgatikation across the nation have been di.

1*-.4 Play lee C

uba Com

mit.; rated to

apply

their talen

ts to

caaptcrs In many A

merican !building up this front w

hich accts

• 'es and ea:egos. Chairm

an; to advance the cause of Com

m-

- inn•s 0. Ea•stand of the S

enate! nian in Latin A

merica. T

he nee. S

..eurity Suhcom

m:ttee ;C

omm

unist dupes who have

in retea.in

g (:,test printed %

istioed this organizattee should sea the arganizations.

I realize that the Com

munist In.

• a...• Sate estahli:!ed that the , lernational hopes to take over

f JI,4

3 o

f ;he F

ate Play

for: L

atin A

merica b

ecause it is th

e C

cioniitice on the national !roast feasible way to strike at

ti 13. ,L

t■11.3n:i•ally Com

munist. th

e United

States." • . .

4:0.1 CD

:r0/1111i5t dorm

-. T

he bearings are published tie.

der the title of "Pak 3

, Felt

Play for C

uba Com

mittee," and

Include the testimony of seven

officials and mem

bers of the De-

troit chapter of FP

CC

, as well as

that of Detective S

tanley Xow

al. of the D

etroit Pollco D

epart. m

eet. .

TE

STL

MO

NY

RE

LE

ASE

D

Part of the testim

ony was tak-

en in closed session and is being released for the first lane.-

Vice - C

h'airman T

home s*.t.

Dodd, D

.Conn., presided as act-

ing chairman and S

enator Ken-

neth

Keatin

g, R

.N. Y

., partici.

• •

pates( to till quoattontng. D

urin

g 0

1 h

' riot facten

tlee X

owalthl re...ld

that .1

o.F

ern

- gi•.i'e, a.

of the. Detroit

FPCC

, a I:le:ratified Ia a

congres.skiir.1 hear 1 ng. as "ranking. officer in the C

omm

u-nist P

arty., of Michigan." D

oi b B

ernstein

met Id

s' wife, N

ye;

who also testified, Invoked—

ire F

ifth Am

endment w

hen asked if they w

ere mem

bers of the Corn.

munist P

arty. X

owrIski's testim

ony Identified another w

itness, David A

Vellraan,

as "this; sou of V

ictim :a, hro active C

omm

unist Party Ft-nal:era In (3-::a city of D

e. trait." -W

ellman 'dee:fited

to am

steer 6y using the F

ifth Am

end. m

erit when &

red by the subcom-

mittee if h

e was a C

oran

urJst

Party m

ember.

' • •

. N

athan

Rnstew

hin

e nin

e :tn

. yoked

the F

ifth A

men

dm

ent

when asked about C

omm

unist

Party. • m

em,:ership during his

testimony, bet at this end el his

iapsarance en the witness.stand

read a statem

ent d

enyin

g th

at lio•yeal a incnih:r of the C

omm

:- alt. Peaty,

. •••• S

III ' '•

This subcom

mittee also Ines-

Welt

re3tottel—tirr,:cio-r d

}T

M a

nd

chuirnaun of the Detroit chapter

cf that organizetioa, D

etective 1:olvalsid identified S

haw as a

rota:her cf ttu Sacialist 17orkers

Party

, • Chen

/ look th

e Fifth

A

ntentianer.t thee attlicd U •he

vier ernaniber ot the Com

munist

Forty: •

. D

uring the demi session per.

Lion of .r.):111/'s testim

ony be re. peM

s.dly Y....irrupted and quar-

reled wit's S

enators Dodd and

:featir.: end Cate. C

onneel J, G.

Soarrtim .

•

Cenetor D

odd w

as "the most dC

lattr-havit ever seen Ia m

y-L'

hero. We bare • trier' :

sea trouble with a.;•yo

(*.tn

....". • • T

hree W

iled/tel., m

frs P

e:100N

to1_,

attempiesi'in

"statements during .11

many, but w

ithdraw tit

asked

by S

enato

r sw

ear that th

e sigm

a true. S

enator Kett'..-,g;

rho Bcrustcin.and

meals. O

nly ens cf tho w

in sociated w

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. . • • % This Division has no evidence or information linking any BoUlder citizens with F.PiC.C. other than what'is contained in the several. news accounts enclosed with this letter.-- .

. . :

. . . , •

October 30:1.961. EUTIMIO DURAN -Socia Worker - Board of Education WILLIAM N. FL KING - IndependantJournalist HAROLD V. KNIGHT.- Executive Secretary - American Civil Union MILTON (CELIA) LITMAN - Attorney

WALTER LOVELACE - Director - University of Colorado •

ExtensionCenter- • • CHARLES S. MITXxGAN - Formerly connected with Iliff Theoloz School at Denver. University . . R. FRANKLIN TERRY - Pastor Christ Methodist Church •

Other names mentioned in the news account are probably Boulder. citizens and unknown to this Division. ' HARRY K. 4VIER JR -. White/Male - Born 8-13-1925- is a local attori

. he first came to our attention in June 1956, . when he defended DAVID and AN EAKINS both of

whom were subpoenaed to appear before the -HOUSE UN-AMERICANACTIVITIES. COMMITTEE which • was conducting.hearings.in,Denver at that, time -EUGENE LAWRENCE Emma - White/Male - Born 11-27-1927- is a local. attorney - is known to be •. associated with New York Attorney NAM.4.1 WITT in defending accused_Communists„ NORMAN LEONARD ODGETT - White/Male - Born 8-12-1931- alleged to - be connected with the "YOUNG SOCIALIST"

. . a New York Newspaper described as "left Member.of the NAACP and a Member of a."Pacifist Group".._ . • "DUKE" OBERTSON -; Is believed to be. THOMAS EARL OBERTSON JR

• White, ,ale - Born 3-771925-in addition to his connection with F.P0b. he is believe'

• associated with PHILLIP 1SELY in a group • ' - 1c own Caa-aTTM.FOR.A.WORLD CONSTITUTIa or CAMPAIGN.FOR.A.WORLD.CONSTITUTION.....-....

Investigation Continued PERIOD COVERED i

. Tucker

•

G ‘e"'

s.)16

•

UV „ area-4.1,4:

RATE APPROVED

Acting Special MOrinnchgnin.all 12-3-63..L. 0

( Fort No: 1588 (Revised) • 2iEnp.4-DUK REPORT

• % (771-50) i

•

UNITED STATES SECRET. SERVICE TREASURY DEPARTMENT

1.

ORIGIN Field OFFICE Chicago - FILE NO. CO-2-34;030 -TYPE OF CASE : STATUS • • TITLE OR CAPTION • •

0 TP.17: HARVEY OSWALD -

Chicago,_ Illinois DINWTIGATION MADE BY Special Agents Edward Z

-and JosPpb F wroon,11

Protective Research g INVESTIGATION MADE AT

a ssassinaffeira----'- • President Kenned -

SYNOPSIS

Informant 2-1-266 has advised that pne, Thomas Mosle has been in touch with 2' group of Chicago Cubans who may be Involvmr-in the assassination of the late President John F. Kennedy. Also, that this Cuban group is endeavoring to purchase through Mosley a variety of automatic weapons and explosives.

INTRODUCTION

Reference is made to the office memorandum to the Chief from Acting SAIC Maurice G. Martineau, Chicago, dated November 26, 1963, under file No. 2-1-611.0. That memorandum, confirming a long distance telephone call to Deputy Chief Paul J. Paterni, Washington, D. C., verified that this mat-ter had been discussed with Deputy Chief Paterni, who had directed that inasmuch as this information related to the assassination of the late President Kennedy, and that this information also could involve the protec-tion of President Lyndon B. Johnson, that all information developed by the U. S. Secret Service should be made available to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and that a joint investigation should be conducted with an exchange of reports and a free flow of information.

For the information of all offices concerned/2-1-26 advised on - NoveMber 26, 1963, that he had heard that one T42 Mosley allegedly* had been attempting to negotiate a sale of machine gun4e6lOgraaler S. Echevarria, and that Echevarria allegedly made a comment the day berEiriFliElaaiiiar ticn of President John F. Kennedy that we now have plenty of money -- our new backers are Jews -- as soon as twel (or ttheyt) tstce care of Kennedy..."

1 COPIES ;REPORT MADE BY'' ,-) . ..r) -1 DISTBIBUTION - DATE •

1,'.4,..4.„.t3..".,,.,..„.... , • •,..... - _......- • . • . . • _ Special Agent ' a.. oonin 12-

3

APPROVED See last page

2. CO-2-34,030 •

GEVERAL INQUIRIES

On November 26, 1963, at the Chicago Police Department, inquiries were made regarding Thome Bosley @ Tom; and Homer S. Echevarria 0 Homer° SaVmuel Valdivia Echevarria, however, no record could be found for either one of these men.

On November 26, 1963, 2-1-266 advised that he believed that Thomas Mosley and Homer Echevarria, described below, were going to attend a meeting in order to negotiate for the sale of automatic weapons to Ethevarries group.

On the evening of November 26, 1963, 2-1-266 met with Special Agents Joseph E. Noonan and Edward Z. Tucker, U. S. Secret Service, and Special Agents Walt Rogers and Fob Faker, FBI, Chicago. 2-1-266 stated that Mosley allegedly had approached Echevarria some time in September 1963 on the possi-bility of Echevarria's being able to use some'machine guns which nnsley could supply, in order that Echevarria's group of Cubans could invade Cuba. 2-1-266 advised that the day before President Kennedy was assassinated Mosley again 'had approached Echevarria about the purchase of these machine guns, at which time Echevarria allegedly stated, 'We now have plenty of money -- our new backers are Jews -- as soon as !wet (or Itheyt) take care of Kennedy...." 2-1-266 also alleged that Echevarria advised Mosley that before any deals • could be consummated, Echevarria's superiors would have to approve Mosley and satisfy themselves that he was not a CIA agent.

2-1-266 advised that Mosley and Echevarria were going to have a meeting on the evening of November 26, 1963, for the purpose of introducing Mosley to Echevarria's superiors. However, it was subsequently learned that Mosley attempted to telephone Echevarria and it was determined that Echevarria was working and Mosley could not get in touch with him.

After 2-1-266 had departed, in a discussion between Special Agent Noonan, Secret Service, and FBI Agents Rogers and Faker, it was concluded by ' Special Agent Baker that inasmuch as this investigation reflected a threat to President Johnson, who has announced his intention of continuing the late President Kennedy's policies, the Secret service should have primary jurisdic-tion in this case but that we should keep the FBI informed of our investigation.

Subsequently, on this same evening, 2-1-266 advised that Thomas Mosley had telephoned Echevarria, and that Echevarria had directed Mosley to meet him at Echevarria's house at 12:00 o'clock noon on November 28, 1963, at which time Mosley and Echevarria were going to meat Echovarria's superiors, who would confer with Mosley.

On November 27, 1963, Special Agents Noonan and Tacker proceeded to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Main Po:1;e Office Building, Chicago, Illinois, to check the files of that agency in zhe nine of Homer S.Echevarria. It was determined that Homer Samuelychevarria had entered the United...ates on July 6, 1960 at Miami7Plorida, via Cuvano Airlines flight No. 808 This file also reflected that Echevarria's alien number is A 12 236 480. . ...........- 336

3. 03-2-34,030 The file showed that upon entry to the United States, Echevarria had

indicated that he was going to work for the C. J. Simpson Drilling Company

at Dallas, Texas, and that he intended to live at 10353 Denton Drive, in

Dallas.

The file els reflected that Echevarria had been living with one

Alejandro Biena ,.Yo.. 159 Zoga Del Mezio,Jae,V4.1.1ese,CUlaa, and that

ECIrevarf.ralls liaid&iflieirle-ii-Ter-e-Sita Del Nino Jesus, Castellanos

OuiterrezJi,kccording to the file, tehaVirifi'hiS"Ikienimi—namedrelio'Carlos

EFIgiiiii*.rand EchuVii-rials parents arelisted as father, Evelidntner,

Ofalia Valdivia.-/The file also reflepgad that Echevarria had belonged to the

Unton-of-S6Cid de Vocal y Numerarioo, .oe

J// / ...,

The file showed that Echevarria:had roved- frpm Miami to Dallaleelaxaal

from Dallas to 428 MdwoodPri.vepertment3,4ackaq3,11chigan;.and than

to 140 East ChiEWR5id, oneSVille, kiehig(WhfIe"-injorigsville he ,,,,allegedlylieirkad-for-tH' - 'rt:VagataffcO71.,any). He then live at

1204-A Quintard Avene,Annistoni-AlabamF"- On July 23, 196 e allegedly

iiag-11-iiiii-i1-49081,West Sa&riar'Straati Chicago,„.117442; he then live at

2555 North Milkaukee pvenue(ChicagOTIIiinoisiAlential source advisse

tat"-EChevarria=now-tesidas-eV2301-North'Albany Avenue;"Chicago, Illinois. .--____----- - •--------e......e...--..e...........,.... , •

Investigation has established that Fchevarrials telephone, No. 278-2922,

was installed on September 24, 1963. No toll calls have been made from that

phone.

On November 27, 1963, Special Agents Noonan and Tucker proceeded to the

Chicago office of the FBI and conferred with FBI Agent %Telt Rogers. A copy

of the photograph of Echevarria, appearing in the files of the Immigration

and Naturalization Service, was given to Agent Rogers. During this interview

Agent Rogers advised that he knew rvelio Echevarria.prior to this date, and

that that very morning he had been introduced to Homer Echevarria. This

meeting took place at a grocery store located at 2351 West North Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois. Agent Rogers advised that this grocery store was owned

by Cubans and was a favorite meeting place for these people. He stated that •

the meeting with Homer Echevarria was by chance, and that he was introduced -

as an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

•

Agent Robers believed that since he had met Homer Echevarria that very

morning, he, Rogers, should probably stay in the background of this

investigation.

Special Agent Rogers stated that from the infc=a-Aon provided by e

interview with 2-1-266 on the previous night, it WS hi? belief that he

organisation to which Echevarria belonged was the c? Novembe coup;

and that this group was primarily interested, at least iniZe-Callago area,

in obtaining money and disseminating propaganda of an anti-Castro nature.

From his conversation it appeared that the Bureau had reliable information

336

• 4. co-2-34,030 regarding the activities of this group. It was also felt by Special Agent

Rogers that it.was highly doubtful that this 30th of November group would be

involved in illegal activities. Special Agents Noonan and Tucker pointed out to Special Agent Rogers

that, since they had not been briefed on the activities of When groups in

the Chicago area, it would be left to his agency to determine if and when

this investigation involved matters of domestic security., and.that the U. S. Secret Service should be notified if this developed. In the absence of

such notification the investigation would continue, if warranted, On the same date, a confidential source advised that Teresita Echevarria .

was employed at the Wells Gardner Company, 2701 North Kildare Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

• On November 28, 1963, Special Agent Tucker telephoned the FBI ana advised

that 2-1-266 was going to meet agents of this Service et spproximately

3:30 p.m. to advise of any meetings between Tom Mosley and Homer Echevarria.

Although Special Agent Rogers, FBI, could not be coniaced at this time

Special Agent Tucker was subsequently advised that i*.hs FBI would not be

this meeting with 2-1-266 and that they would rely on this Service and its

findings.

On November 28, 1963, at approximately 11:55 a.m., Special Agent Yoonan

observed suspect Thomas Mosley arrive in his personal automobile at the

residence of Homer Echevarria. As previously agreed, the surveillance was

discontinued at this point. This action was decided upon because the area

in which Echevarria resides is heavily populated, and it is highly probable

that if a vehicular surveillance had been attempted the investigation might

have been jeopardized.

Subsequently on November 28, 1963, Special Agents'Noonan and Tucker met

with 2-1-266, at which time he provided the following. account. of the meeting .

between Echevarria and Thomas Mosley. 2-1-266 stated that Mosley had gone to Echevarriats residence, at which

time Mosley and Echevarria discussed the policies of President Johnson.

Echevarria allegedly described President Johnson as a common person who would

get things done. Echevarria stated that President Kennedy was an intellec-

tual, a rich man's son who "did not give a damn about people," while President

Johnson would work with people. In any case, Echevarria stated that President Johnson would not stand in their way.

Echevarria made a telephone call which he ter.6 ryt complete. He allegedly then asked his wife for the correct rtn!,lei ':hen this was provided,

Echevarria supposedly said, ."Oh, I must have beon ealang the beauty shop."

After completing the second call, Echevarria and Mesle7 aeparted in Mosley's

car.

• 336

•

00-2-34,030

2-1-266 stated that the meeting produced the following results. Mosley informed Echevarria and the unknown Cuban that he was a member of a group of six persons, and that they had one "banker." Two of the members of the group owned a small screw machine factory. (It should be noted at this point that automatic weapons can readily be obtained as souvenirs if the barrels have been plugged, and that it is the practice of gun-runners to obtain theee plugged weapons, take them to an unscrupulous screw mneLine operetcri.. and have the barrels reamed out, since the plugging is ne4e7T lead.; . Mosley informed the two Cubans that since the aseassination of Prealdent Kennedy a great deal of "heat" has bean created, and that his partr wee willing to provide the guns to the Cubans for a nominal down welent if the CUbam group could provide them with a responsible party in the Chicago rave who would vouch that the remainder of the money would be ee.::d to them efter the deal had been consummated. Mosley informed -the Cubes,: that his group we saving six guns, and should they be double-crossed they intended to take retribution.

The unnamed. Cuban stated that this deal sounded lecettable to LLm, eud that if Mosley cheeeed out at the police department their organizatisn get in touch with him through an attorney. This attorney would provide. Mosley with a list of equipment which they desired, and all dealings fr-en. this point on, between Mosley and the organization, woul3 be handled through the attorney. The unnamed Cuban also stated that the list of equipment would be written in a code which would be taught to Mosley by. 'Homer Echevarria. Mosley was asked how he could be contacted/ He stae.ed that in the peat it had been his practice to enter an ad in thepersonal column of a local newspaper, using the code-name, "neck Footer It was agreed t'eat should this group at any in the future wish to contact Mosley they would run an ad in the personal column of the Chicago Tribune, which would read, "Mack Foot call (a telephone number would be entered) after (a time would be entered)." . The unnamed Cuban stated that the telephone number would be a pay phone, which would be covered by either him or a member of his organization for one4ialf hour before and one-half hour after the time stated in the ad. It would be Mosley-Ls responsibility to contact them within this time. Mosley agreed to this.

• Also discussed at the time was the subject of the backers. It is the • feeling of 2-1-266 that at least some of the backers of this group are hoodlum elements, and that the backers are not restrieted to Chicago. 2-1-266 stated that the unnamed Cuban allegedly 5.e. F.member of the Student Federation of Revolutionaries.

On NoveMber.29,1963, Special Agent NoonA, wee. e.erreeeted rr .:::eecial Agent Walt Rogers, FBI, and Agent Rogers was briefed en thr; taVaesation received from 2-1-266 on the previous day. Agent Roge.rs state4 that the

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CO-234,030 Student Federation of Revolutionaries may very possibly be the Student RevaiiiiTonari15114aOi--We'farid that the unnamed Cuban fit the descrlifilln df-OneF.i3nCiiCO:iginCO,Ea representative of this group whom he met at the grocery store located at 2351 West North "venue, Chicago, Illinois, shortly after his introduction to Homer Echevarria on November 27, 1963. It was learned from Agent Rogers that Lee Harveyd.hai etcr:Ited to join the Student Revolutionary Directorate in New C:i.ase,-.4; tnaz while Oswald was under consideration by this group, he was ooierved by member:; of the group distributing literature for the Fair Play For Cuba Comnittee; aad that, in addition to this, Oswald had taken part in a debate of .t.he. Cdhar, problem against members of the Student Revolutionary Directorate* Agent Rogers stated, in regard to an attorney who might bei-wking the Student Revolutionary Directorate, that one Pauline Siam:gran attorf.cy in the Chicago area who became interested in.thes'ait—rii-Wro movement, a:raid .possibly be the contact for Tom Mosley. Agent Rogers stated that Sierra has claimed to have a great deal of financial backing and has attempted to organize the great number of anti-Castro movements in tl:is coon ay. The: are allegations that the financial backing of Sierra hoodlum noney bat that Sierra has denied this and states that are American . • businessmen.

. Through a confidential source the name of anyone ::teklag inquirle!: at

the Chicago Police Department regarding Thomas Mosley 1,;i11 'Immediately be made available to this Service. It should be noted that this source is extremely reliable and fully aware of the importance of ezerecy in thte investigation.

SUSPECTS'

..e''HOMER S; MIEVARRIA Q Homero Samuel Valdivia Echevarria.4(White; male; • Cuban; 32 'years; born at Jatibonico, Camaguey, Cuba; 5'9"; 160 pounds; black hair; mustache; olive complexion; a bus driver for the•Chicago Transit Authority; resides at 2301 North Albany Avenue, Chicago, Illinois; drives a 1957 red Chevrolet, 1963 Illinois license LP 1666 THOMAS MOSLEY @ Tdm - white; male; American; 40 years; 6 feet; 180 pounds; black hair; mustache; usually wears a bow tie; a bus driver for the Chicago Transit Authority' resides ata1400 pest Summerdale Avenue, Chicago, Illinois' Ws* drives a 1960 black Thunderbird, 1963 Illinois license f42 968. UNDIOM C1T3Flar=vihiteimaleIabodt30 to 32-years'of al* approxlma-ze.4-,./-;

--10761271d-s-p-blaek hair; dark, clear complexion; he.my

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UNDEVELOPED LEADS

It is anticipated that an undercover special agent will be introdund by informant 2-1-266 to Tbm Mosley, and that this agent will be present at whatever meetings may take place in the future betwen !,:osley and the Cuban group.

• Copies of this report are being sent to the Miami office for a check of Immigration files, as that was Homer Echevarria's port of entry. Additional copies are being sent to Dallas, Detroit, Grand Rapids, and Birmingham with the request that investigation be made at Echevarriats pasrrz of residence and employment, as stated above, in the districts of said icific.sw, and that background information on the suspect be obtained.

, Copies of this report are also being forwarded to the Springfield office with the request that they make an investigation at the Bureau of Motor Vehicles regarding Echevarriars car. If at all possible, the entire history of this car should be obtained.

Investigation is continued in Chicago for furthz: Tontacts with 2-1-P66 relative to additional meetines between the several syd7..ects.

DISTRIBUTION:

Chief, Orig. & 1 'cc Miami 2 cots Dallas 2 cots Detroit 2 cc's Grand Rapids 2 cots Birmingham 2 cots Springfield. 2 cots FBI, Chicago 1 pc Chicago 2 cots

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U. S. Secret Service

December 9; 1963 r

•

Chief

SAIC Marshall -

Lee Harvey Oswald - Assassination of President Kennedy.

• • •

Reference is rade to renorZ. of St Joseph '51. Noonan, Chicago, dated December 3, 1963. Particular reference is made to • Parasraph 3, Page 7, wherein is rentioned one Pauline, Sierra, an attorney who resides in Chicano and who is said to have a great deal of financial backing.

Paulino Sierra, a Cuban lawyer, is mentioned in Paragraph 2, Paze 3, of memorandum repart sul:.:!itted by SA Aragon dated July 18, 1963, under file CO3-2-32,604. The above is brought to 'the attention of the Chief's office in the event the infomation conained in the latter report may be of Interest to the Chicago office in connection with the subject investigation.

John A. Xarshall Special .gent in Charge