14. ong vs. people g.r. nr. 169440 november 23, 2007

7/25/2019 14. Ong vs. People g.r. Nr. 169440 November 23, 2007

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Republic of the Philippines

Supreme Court

ManilaFIRST DIVISION

GEMM ONG a!"!a! MRI

TERES GEMM CTC#TN$

Petitioner,

- versus-

PEOP%E OF T&E P&I%IPPINES$

Respondent.

G!R! No! '()**+

Present:

CORONA, C.J.,Chairperson,

CARPIO,*

LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,DEL CASTILLO, andPERLAS-BERNABE,**JJ.

Prom!"ated:

No#em$er %&, %'(() - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - )

D E C I S I O N

%EONRDO,DE CSTRO$J!-

Beore +s is a petition or re#ie on certiorari,i!ed nder R!e o the

R!es o Cort, to set aside and re#erse the /ne (0, %'' Decision1(2

o the Corto Appea!s in C,G!R! CR No! ./0+/, hi3h airmed the Septem$er %&,

%''& Decision1%2o the Re"iona! Tria! Cort 4RTC5 o 6ani!a, Bran3h %

in Criminal Case No! ++,'/**1*.
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On /!7 %8, %''', petitioner 9emma On" a..a. 6aria Teresa 9emma

Cata3tan 49emma5 as 3har"ed $eore the RTC or Inrin"ement nder Se3tion

( in re!ation to Se3tion (;' o Rep$!i3 A3t No. 8%


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!ast itness or the prose3tion as Att7. A!on=o . An3heta, a senior !a partner

at asha La Oi3e, ho testiied that as the d!7 appointed Attorne7-in-@a3t o

P6PI, he as in 3har"e o the EIIB sear3h operation in the s$>e3t premises. Att7.

An3heta said that hi!e he as not persona!!7 present drin" the imp!ementation

o the sear3h arrant, he sent Att7. Leonardo Sa!#ador, ho 3onstant!7 reported thede#e!opments to him.1((2

The a3ts, as s33in3t!7 smmari=ed $7 the Cort o Appea!s, are as o!!os:

On Septem$er (', (e3tpremises52. +pon inGir7 rom the Baran"a7 Chairman, the7 a!so !earned that thep!a3e is oned $7 a 3ertain 6r. /a3son On".The EIIB team 3oordinated ith oi3ers o Phi!ip 6orris, In3., oner o the

trademar 6ar!$oro La$e! in the Phi!ippines d!7 re"istered ith the Phi!ippinePatents Oi3e and s$seGent!7 ith the Inte!!e3ta! Propert7 Oi3e 4IPO5 sin3e(


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On Septem$er %, (


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9emma, as the !one itness or the deense, then too the itness stand. She

said that she is married to Co Jo Piao, a Chinese nationa!, $t she sti!! ses her

maiden name Cata3tan.1(02She denied that she is the 9emma On" a33sed in this

3ase. She testiied that she as arrested on A"st , %''', ithot the arrestin"oi3ers asin" or her name. She said that hen she p!eaded to $e re!eased, she

as instr3ted to post a 3ash $ond, hi3h she did in the amont

o (%,'''.''.9emma a#erred that hen she posted her $ond and si"ned her

3ertii3ate o arrai"nment, she did so nder her rea! name 6aria Teresa 9emma

Cata3tan, as opposed to the si"natres in the In#entor7 and Certii3ation in the

Cond3t o Sear3h 4sear3h do3ments5, hi3h she denied si"nin". She 3!aimed that

she as not a$!e to $rin" p her deense o mistaen identit7 ear!7 on as she did

not no hen the proper time to raise it as. She a#oed that she as notinterro"ated $7 the po!i3e prior to her arrest, despite the to-7ear "ap $eteen it

and the sear3h o the s$>e3t premises. She a!!e"ed that she did not no /a3son

On" and that the prose3tion itnesses, hom she irst sa drin" her tria!,

3o!dnt e#en point to her as the person present drin" the raid hen the7 testiied

in 3ort. 9emma rther asse#erated that hi!e she 3o!d not remem$er here she

as on Septem$er %, (


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A33sed is rther dire3ted to indemni7 pri#ate 3omp!ainant the sm o+S,'0


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I

T?E LOHER CO+RT 9RIEFO+SLJ ERRED IN CONFICTIN9 DR.6ARIA TERESA 9E66A CATAC+TAN 9+ILTJ O@ T?E CRI6E O@

FIOLATION O@ T?E INTELLECT+AL PROPERTJ RI9?TS LAH DESPITE+TTER LAC O@ EFIDENCE.

IIT?E LOHER CO+RT IN CONFICTIN9 DR. 6ARIA TERESA 9E66ACATAC+TAN ON T?E BASIS O@ S+R6ISE 4sic5, CON/ECT+RES AND9+ESSHOR CO66ITTED 9RAFE FIOLENCE A9AINST T?ECONSTIT+TIONAL PRES+6PTION O@ INNOCENCE.

III

T?E LOHER CO+RT CO66ITTED SERIO+S REFERSIBLE ERRORIN CONFICTIN9 T?E ACC+SED-APPELLANT H?O ?AD NOT BEENPOSITIFELJ IDENTI@IED AND PINPOINTED AS 6AN+@ACT+RER NOR4sic5 DISTRIB+TOR O@ @AE 6ARLBORO PROD+CT.

IF

T?E LOHER CO+RT CO66ITTED SERIO+S REFERSIBLE ERRORIN NOT 9IFIN9 T?E SLI9?TEST CREDENCE TO T?E+NCONTRADICTED, +NRE@+TED AND CANDID TESTI6ONJ O@ T?EACC+SED-APPELLANT, B+T INSTEAD, CONFICTED ?ER ON 1T2?E

BASIS O@ EKTRAPOLATED EFIDENCE NOT BORNE BJ T?E RECORDS.

F

T?E LOHER CO+RT CO66ITTED A 9RAFE REFERSIBLE ERRORIN CONFICTIN9 ACC+SED-APPELLANT DESPITE T?E +TTER ANDPAT?ETIC LAC O@ EFIDENCE TO S+STAIN T?E PROSEC+TIONSLA6E, S?ALLOH AND +NCON@O+NDED T?EORJ O@ 9+ILT.1%&2

The Cort o Appea!s ond 9emmas appea! to $e nmeritorios. It said that

9emma as positi#e!7 identiied $7 the prose3tion itnesses as the oman ho

entertained them drin" the sear3h o the s$>e3t premises on Septem$er %, (e3tion o 9emmas

deense o mistaen identit7, as she sho!d ha#e raised it at the ear!iest opportnit7,

hi3h as at the time o her arrest, the postin" o her $ai! $ond, or drin" her
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arrai"nment. The Cort o Appea!s he!d that the amendment o the prose3tion

itnesses aida#its as e)p!ained drin" the hearin", and a!tho"h the ori"ina!

aida#its ere the ones mared drin" the pre-tria!, the amended ones pro#ided

the $asis or the i!in" o the Inormation a"ainst 9emma and her 3o-a33sed

/a3son On". The Cort o Appea!s a!so noted that the 6ar3h %', %''' Reso!tiono the State Prose3tor spe3ii3a!!7 mentioned that the sear3h arrant as ser#ed

on 9emma On". The Cort o Appea!s then pro3!aimed that in the hierar3h7 o

e#iden3e, the testimon7 o the itness in 3ort 3ommands "reater ei"ht than his

ritten aida#it.1%2

The Cort o Appea!s airmed the 3on#i3tion o 9emma or trademar

inrin"ement nder Se3tion ( o Rep$!i3 A3t No. 8%


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C.

T?E CO+RT O@ APPEALS ERRED IN NOT @INDIN9 T?AT PETITIONERSSI9NAT+RE IN EK?IBITS A, B AND C ARE NOT ?ERS B+T HERE@OR9ED, BEIN9 CO6PLETELJ AND PATENTLJ DISSI6ILAR TO ?ER

TR+E AND REAL SI9NAT+RE AS S?OHN IN ?ER O@@ICIAL I.D ASPRO@ESSIONAL DENTIST.

D.

T?E CO+RT O@ APPEALS ERRED IN CONCL+DIN9 T?AT T?EA@@IDAFITS O@ T?E PROSEC+TION HITNESSES H?IC? DID NOT6ENTION PETITIONERS PRESENCE AT T?E TI6E AND PLACE O@ T?ESEARC? CANNOT TAE PRECEDENCE OFER T?EIR CONTRARJTESTI6ONIES IN CO+RT T?AT S?E HAS PRESENT AND IN @ACT T?EOCC+PANT AND OHNER O@ T?E PRE6ISES @RO6 H?IC? S?E

INITIALLJ BLOCED T?EIR ENTRJ INTO.E.

T?E CO+RT O@ APPEALS ERRED IN CONCL+DIN9 T?AT 1PETITIONER2HAS T?E FERJ SA6E PERSON H?O HAS CA+9?T IN POSSESSIONAND CONTROL O@ T?E PRE6ISES H?ERE T?E CO+NTER@EITARTICLES HERE SEIED BECA+SE S?E ALLE9EDLJ NEFERPROTESTED BEIN9 HRON9@+LLJ ACC+SED AT T?E TI6E O@ ?ERARREST ON A+9+ST %''', H?EN S?E POSTED ?ER CAS? BONDAND H?EN S?E EFEN SI9NED ?ER NA6E AS 6A. TERESA 9E66ACATAC+TAN IN T?E HAIFER, +NDERTAIN9 AND CERTI@ICATE ORARRAI9N6ENT, ALL IN T?E NA6E O@ T?E ACC+SED AS 9E66AON9, a..a. 6A. T?ERESA CATAC+TAN.

@.

T?E CO+RT O@ APPEALS ERRED IN NOT AC+ITTIN9 1PETITIONER2@OR @AIL+RE O@ T?E PROSEC+TION TO PROFE T?E 9+ILT O@ T?EACC+SED-APPELLANT BEJOND REASONABLE DO+BT.1%02

9emma ar"es that i it ere tre that she as in the s$>e3t premises henit as raided on Septem$er %, (


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premises hen it as sear3hed and that the testimonies o the prose3tion

itnesses ere per>red.1%;2

9emma rther 3!aims that the 3orts $e!o ere ron" in indin" that she

ne#er protested that she as mistaen!7 identiied. She 3!aims that she as arrestedithot the $eneit o a pre!iminar7 in#esti"ation and a!! she anted to do at that

point as to "et ot 1o2 the 3!t3hes o o#er=ea!os and ea"er $ea#er po!i3emen

ho ere e)$erant in arrestin" an inno3ent part7 !ie1%82her. 9emma a!so e)p!ains

that her non-protest drin" her arrai"nment as pon the ad#i3e o her ormer

!a7er, ho said that he o!d 3orre3t it in the proper time drin" the tria!.

Respondent Peop!e o the Phi!ippines, in its 3omment, 1%


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(. Hhether or not a33sed-appe!!ants petition or re#ie on certiorarinder

R!e o the R!es o Cort is ata!!7 dee3ti#e as it raises Gestions o

a3t and

%. Hhether or not 9emmas "i!t as pro#en $e7ond reasona$!e do$t in!i"ht o her a!!e"ed mistaen identit7.

This Courts Ruling

Procedural Issue

As this 3ase rea3hed this Cort viaR!e o the R!es o Cort, the $asi3 r!e is

that a3ta! Gestions are $e7ond the pro#in3e o this Cort, $e3ase on!7 Gestionso !a ma7 $e raised in a petition or re#ie.1&&2?oe#er, in e)3eptiona! 3ases, this

Cort has taen 3o"ni=an3e o Gestions o a3t in order to reso!#e !e"a! isses,

s3h as hen there as pa!pa$!e error or a "ra#e misapprehension o a3ts $7 the

!oer 3ort.1&2InArmed Forces of the Philippines Mutual Benefit Association, Inc.

v. Court of Appeals,1&2e said that a!tho"h s$mission o isses o a3t in an

appea! $7 certioraritaen to this Cort is ordinari!7 pros3ri$ed, this Cort

nonethe!ess retains the option in the e)er3ise o its sond dis3retion, tain" into

a33ont the attendant 3ir3mstan3es, either to de3ide the 3ase or reer it to theproper 3ort or determination.1&02Sin3e the determination o the identit7 o

9emma is the #er7 isse ae3tin" her "i!t or inno3en3e, this Cort 3hooses to

tae 3o"ni=an3e o this 3ase in the interest o proper administration o >sti3e.

Gemma is guilty of violating

Section 155 in relation to Section 170 of

Reu!lic "ct #o$ %&'(

9emma as 3har"ed and 3on#i3ted o #io!atin" Se3tion ( in re!ation toSe3tion (;' o Rep$!i3 A3t No. 8%


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(.(. +se in 3ommer3e an7 reprod3tion, 3ontereit, 3op7, or 3o!ora$!eimitation o a re"istered mar or the same 3ontainer or a dominant eatre thereoin 3onne3tion ith the sa!e, oerin" or sa!e, distri$tion, ad#ertisin" o an7"oods or ser#i3es inclu8in9 other preparator: steps necessar: to carr: out thesale of an: 9oo8s or ser;ices on or in connection


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The prose3tion as a$!e to esta$!ish that the trademar 6ar!$oro as not

on!7 #a!id or $ein" neither "eneri3 nor des3ripti#e, it as a!so e)3!si#e!7 oned

$7 P6PI, as e#iden3ed $7 the 3ertii3ates o re"istration issed $7 the Inte!!e3ta!

Propert7 Oi3e o the Department o Trade and Indstr7.1'2

Anent the e!ement o 3onsion, $oth the RTC and the Cort o Appea!s

ha#e 3orre3t!7 he!d that the 3ontereit 3i"arettes sei=ed rom 9emmas possession

ere intended to 3onse and de3ei#e the p$!i3 as to the ori"in o the 3i"arettes

intended to $e so!d, as the7 not on!7 $ore P6PIs mar, $t the7 ere a!so

pa3a"ed a!most e)a3t!7 as P6PIs prod3ts.1(2

Regarding the Claim of

)ista*en Identity

Despite a!! these indin"s, 9emma has posited on!7 a sin"!e deense, rom

the RTC a!! the a7 p to this Cort: that she is not the 9emma On" named and

a33sed in this 3ase. She $ases this 3!aim on the a!!e"ed dis3repan3ies in the

prose3tion itnesses ori"ina! aida#its vis--visthe amended ones, hi3h

dis3repan3ies, a33ordin" to her, stron"!7 s""est her inno3en3e.

This Cort has time and a"ain he!d that $eteen an aida#it e)e3ted

otside the 3ort, and a testimon7 "i#en in open 3ort, the !atter a!most a!a7spre#ai!s.

Dis3repan3ies $eteen a sorn statement and testimon7 in 3ort do not

otri"ht!7 >sti7 the a3Gitta! o an a33sed. S3h dis3repan3ies do notne3essari!7 dis3redit the itness sin3e e% parteaida#its are otenin3omp!ete. The7 do not prport to 3ontain a 3omp!ete 3ompendim o the detai!so the e#ent narrated $7 the aiant. Ths, or r!in"s "enera!!7 3onsider sornstatements taen ot o 3ort to $e inerior to in 3ort testimon7. ) ) ).1%2

A readin" o the ori"ina! aida#its1&2e)e3ted $7 S!a"!e and Att7. An3heta,

readi!7 re#ea!s that the7 3on3entrated on the a3ts and e#ents !eadin" p to the

sear3h and sei=re o the 3ontra$and materia!s rom the s$>e3t premises. The7 not

on!7 ai!ed to mention 9emma On"s presen3e there, $t the7 a!so ai!ed to mention

the other itnesses names and presen3e there as e!!. A!tho"h this mi"ht appear

to $e a mistae on the part o a non and esta$!ished !a irm !ie the asha
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La Oi3e, the irm immediate!7 so"ht to re3ti7 this $7 ha#in" the aida#its o

S!a"!e, Att7. An3heta, and Lara amended.

I it ere tre that 9emma as not at the s$>e3t premises at a!! on

Septem$er %, (st ant to $e on re3ord that m7 3!ient, 9emma Cata3tan has ne#er

$een non as 9emma On" $e3ase her rea! name is9emma Cata3tan.

CO+RT: Do 7o ha#e an7 o$>e3tion to the amendment o the inormationM


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ATTJ. 6A9LINAO:No, 7or ?onor. 6a7 e reGest to 3orre3t the inormation rom 9emma On" to

9emma Cata3tan.12

9emma rther a33ses the prose3tion itnesses o a!se!7 testi7in" and o

per>rin" themse!#es >st so the7 3an satis7 a $i" 3!ient !ie P6PI $7 shoin" that

some$od7 had $een arrested or 3ontereitin" its 3i"arettes. The 3rimes 9emma is

imptin" on these itnesses are serios 3rimes, and in the a$sen3e o 3on3rete and

3on#in3in" e#iden3e, this Cort 3o!d not $e!ie#e her mere a!!e"ations that imp!7

that these peop!e o!d destro7 someones !ie >st so the7 3an p!ease a 3!ient, more

so o#er mere 3i"arettes. InPrincipio v. &on. Barrientos,12e said:

Bad aith is ne#er presmed hi!e "ood aith is a!a7s presmed and the 3hapteron ?man Re!ations o the Ci#i! Code dire3ts e#er7 person, inter alia, to o$ser#e"ood aith, hi3h sprin"s rom the ontain o "ood 3ons3ien3e. Thereore, heho 3!aims $ad aith mst pro#e it. @or one to $e in $ad aith, the same mst $ee#ident. ) ) ).102

The prose3tion itnesses, 3ontrar7 to 9emmas 3!aim, had positi#e!7

identiied her as the person ho initia!!7 resed the sear3h team entran3e, then

!ater a3Gies3ed to the sear3h operations. S!a"!e e)p!ained that e#en tho"h he

mentioned 9emma on!7 in his amended aida#it, he as sre that she as at thes$>e3t premises on the da7 that the7 sear3hed it:

Testimon: of Ro9er Sherman Sla9le

ATTJ. 6A9LINAO: In this amended aida#it 7o mentioned the name, 9emma Cata3tan as one o

the a33sedM

A Jes sir. Can :ou tell the court ho< :ou


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) ) ) )A It is #er7 3!ear to me hen I arri#ed there that she as someho in#o!#ed.

1;24Emphases ors.5

Lara on the other hand, e#en pointed to her and ths positi#e!7 identiied her

to $e the one ho had si"ned the sear3h do3ments, 182as the oner o the s$>e3t

premises, to it:

Testimon: of ?esse %ara

ATTJ. @RE

: 6r. Hitness, 8o :ou "no< this person


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4OnerRepresentati#e5, there e)ist a handritten namehi3h reads 9E66A ON9 and a$o#e it, there e)ist asi"natre, are 7o ami!iar ith this person hi3h appearsto $e 9emma On"M

A : 2es$ sir$ Gemma On9 si9ne8 that in m: presence. : Jor ?onor, drin" the pre-tria! 3oneren3e, it as pre#ios!7 mared

as E)hi$it D-(. 6r. Hitness, I a!so see here a Ferii3ation$t there a!so e)ist an entr7 $e!o the name and I GoteOnerC!aimantRepresentati#e, there appears ahandritten name 9emma On" and a si"natre a$o#e it,are 7o ami!iar ith this person hi3h appears to $e9emma On"M

A : 2es$ sir$ Gemma On9 si9ne8 that in m:presence.

) ) ) ) : 6r. Hitness, in this do3ment hi3h is the 3ertii3ation in the Cond3t

o Sear3h and I ha#e here a$o#e the entr74OnerRepresentati#e5, a handritten name hi3h reads9emma On" and there e)ist a si"natre a$o#e thehandritten name, 3an 7o identi7 the si"natreM

A : 2es$ sir$ this


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I am not ami!iar ith the re!ationship o 6rs. 9emma On" ith /a3son On"$e3ase drin" the ser#i3e o the sear3h arrant, 6rs.9emma On" as there to"ether ith to emp!o7ees andhen I ased here as /a3son On", she as the one hoentertained s.

ATTJ. @RESo, the sear3h arrant as ser#ed a"ainst 9emma On"MHITNESSJes, Sir.1'2

Positi#e identii3ation o a 3!prit is o "reat ei"ht in determinin" hether

an a33sed is "i!t7 or not.1(29emma, in 3!aimin" the deense o mistaen identit7,

is in rea!it7 den7in" her in#o!#ement in the 3rime. This Cort has he!d that the

deense o denia! is insipid and ea as it is eas7 to a$ri3ate and dii3!t to pro#e

ths, it 3annot tae pre3eden3e o#er the positi#e testimon7 o the oended part7.1%2The 8efense of 8enial is una;ailin9 r7. These are a!! ea,
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npro#en, and nonded 3!aims, and i!! not stand a"ainst the stron" e#iden3e

a"ainst her.

4&EREFORE$this Cort DENIES the Petition. The /ne (0,

%'' Decisiono the Cort o Appea!s in C,G!R! CR No!./0+/is FFIRMED.

SO ORDERED!

TERESIT ?! %EONRDO,DE CSTRO

Asso3iate /sti3e

HE CONC+R:

RENTO C! CORON

Chie /sti3eChairperson

NTONIO T! CRPIO

Asso3iate /sti3e

MRINO C! DE% CSTI%%O

Asso3iate /sti3e

ESTE% M! PER%S,@ERN@E

Asso3iate /sti3e


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CERTIFICTION

Prsant to Se3tion (&, Arti3!e FIII o the Constittion, I 3erti7 that the3on3!sions in the a$o#e De3ision had $een rea3hed in 3ons!tation $eore the 3aseas assi"ned to the riter o the opinion o the Corts Di#ision.

RENTO C! CORON

Chie /sti3e

*Per ra!e dated O3to$er (


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1%

14. ong vs. people g.r. nr. 169440 november 23, 2007

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