14-safety iin transport

7/28/2019 14-Safety Iin Transport

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Transport of RadioactiveMaterial

TRAINING FOR RADIATION SAFETY OFFICERS


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Aim

To provide a broad outline of theframework within which radioactivematerials must be transported

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RADIOACTIVE


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Dangerous Goods Classification

Class Description

1 Explosives2 Gases3 Flammable liquids4 Flammable solids5 Oxidising substances6 Toxic & infectious substances7 Radioactive materials8 Corrosive substances9 Miscellaneous


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When is transport required? Source change or repair Return of a source to manufacturer

or disposal agent Movement to another company Transfer of samples (leak tests, etc)

Contaminated objects Supply of radioactive material Mobile sources.


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IAEA Regulations Regulations for the Safe Transport of

Radioactive Material Safety

Requirements No. TS-R-1

Regularly updated, latest edition 2005

Adopted worldwide for all modes oftransport national legislation basedon IAEA Regulations


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Modes of Transport


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International Legislation The International Maritime Dangerous GoodsCode

Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air

Council Regulation 1493/93/Euratom-transfrontier shipment of RAM Council Directive 92/3/Euratom - the

supervision and control of shipments of

radioactive waste between Member States ADR / RID European Agreement Concerning the

Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road / Rail


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Transport regulations define:

Consignor

Carrier

Consignee


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Responsibilities

Consignor Packing Marking and

labelling

Documentation

Information

Placarding QA RPP

Carrier

Safety inCarriage (radiation &

fire/accident)

QA RPP

- Consignee- RPP

- Restriction

of exposurefollowing

receipt of

package


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Package Types

Excepted

Type A

Type B

Type C

Industrial


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Excepted packages for the transport of limited

activity/limited hazard materials

activity limits- individual items

- total consignment

limits are fractions of the limitsfor Type A packages surface dose rate must be < 5Sv/h


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Excepted Packages

Stout cardboard box oftensufficient

Pack item well to preventmovement and absorb liquid

Radiation warning inside package


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Industrial PackagesFor the transport of items

presenting a

contamination hazard: Surface Contaminated Objects:

- SCO-I, SCO-II,

Low Specific Activity material:

- LSA-I, LSA-II, LSA-III

Three types of package:

IP-I, IP-II, IP-III


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Industrial Packages

Industrial Packages: IP-I

- basic requirements

IP-II- IP-I plus stacking and drop

tests IP-III

- equivalent to Type-A package


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Industrial package limitsActivity limits for industrial packages

depend on:

exclusive use LSA/SCO category

physical state (solid/liquid/gas)


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Type A Package

More robust than excepted package Smallest dimension at least 10 cm

Must satisfy specified tests- consignor to demonstrate

compliance

Transport of:- Unsealed sources for medicine /

research

- Nuclear Density Gauges

- Other portable gauges


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Special Form vs. Other Form Special Form Radioactive Materials

are sealed radioactive sources for

which a Special Form Certificate isheld

All other Radioactive Materials areOther Form


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Type A Packages


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Type B Package

For the transport of large industrialsources / nuclear material

all type A requirements further specified tests

certificate issued by competent

authority activity limited by certificate


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Approval of Shipments

For a type B container which:- relies on intermittent venting;

- is not designed to withstand -40 to 70degrees;

- contains >3000 A1 or A2, or 1000 TBq; or

- contains fissile material with TI >50

shipment requires multilateral approval Certificate issued by all relevant CAs Must demonstrate compliance with

conditions of Type B certificate


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Type C For transport of high activity

sources by air

specific tests under low pressureconditions

Competent Authority tested


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Packaging of fissile materialAdditional requirements:

competent authority approval

maintain subcriticality throughoutjourney

consider: water seepage

loss of efficiency of moderators

re-arrangement within the package

reduced spacing between packages

temperature changes


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Contamination Control

Packages and vehicles should bechecked for contamination if this

is likely to arise Contamination must be below

specified limits

Frequency of monitoring dependson likelihood of contamination


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Transport Index (TI)

Dose rate (Sv/hour) at 1 metre from

the surface divided by 10

Used to assess the relative hazard of

type A and B packages


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Vehicle Limits

Limits on Transport Index:- 50 TI limit for normal transport

- no limit if under exclusive use Dose rate limits

- 2 mSv/hour at surface

- 100 Sv/hour at 2 metres Criticality Safety Index Limits

- 50 for normal transport

- 100 if under exclusive use


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Exclusive Use

The consignor or consignee hasdirection

throughout the movement:- initial loading

- transport / storage in transit

- final unloading


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Marking and Labelling


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External markingType B package - as excepted package

plus

fire proof trefoil symbol

id for package design

package design serial number

appropriate labels Type B(U) or Type B(M)

Type C Package - as Type B


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Category I - white

< 5 Sv/hour atsurface ofpackage


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Category II - yellow

> 5 - 500 Sv/h at

surface

10 Sv/h at 1 m

TI between 0 and 1.0


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Category III - yellow

> 500 - 2000 Sv/h at

surface

> 10 - 100 Sv/h at 1 m

TI between 1.0 and 10


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Transport Document

Provided by consignor Travels with the package Contains specified information

Required for all package types Signed declaration Copy retained by consignor for 2 years

Regular consignment certificates - incidenceswhere same package and contents are transportedon a regular basis by the same consignor


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Documentation

Transport document

Emergency provisions


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Radiation Protection Programme

A radiation protection programmemust be established to restrict

radiation exposures during transport& in the event of an accident


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Vehicle Placards & Plates

Radioactive

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Placard

RADIOACTIVE


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Orange Plates Not required for Excepted Packages Front & back

Min 300 x 120 mm


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Vehicle Placards & Plates


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Carried in Vehicle Transport documents Statement for carrier

- Instructions for loading/unloading& stowage

- Emergency provisions Fire extinguishers may be required by

national legislation


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Thank Youfor your attention

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