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14th Psychology Conference

November 16-17, 2018, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Psychological Association (BPA)

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14TH PSYCHOLOGY CONFERENCE Organized by


November 16-17, 2018

Nabab Nawab Ali Chowdhury Senate Bhaban

University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM SCHEDULE SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2018




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SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE OF THE CONFERENCE 2018

1. Prof. Dr. M. Kamal Uddin Convener

Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka

2. Dr. Muhammad Kamruzzaman Mozumder Member Secretary

Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka

3. Prof. Dr. M. Mahmudur Rahman Member

Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka

4. Prof. Dr. M. Shamsuddin Elias Member

Department of Psychology, National University, Gazipur

5. Dr. Anjuman Shirin Member

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Rajshahi University

6. Dr. Md. Nurul Islam Member

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong

7. Dr. Muhammad Akram Uzzaman Member

Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Jagannath University

SCHEDULE OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM

Program Starts: 9:00

Parallel Sessions I: 9:00-10:00

Tea Break: 10:00-10:30

Parallel Sessions II: 10:30-11:30

Joint Session I (Boundary of Psychology Subfields): 11:30-13:00 (Seminar Hall)

Lunch Break: 13:00-14:00

Parallel Sessions III: 14:00-15:00

Parallel Sessions IV: 15:00-16:00

Vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr. M. Kamal Uddin: 16:00-16:15 (Seminar Hall)

Tea Break: 16:15-16:50

Program Ends: 17:00




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Parallel Sessions I

Seminar Hall, Senate Bhaban

9:0

0-1

0:0

0

Rajonigandha, Alumni Floor

Chair: Prof. Dr. M. Mahmudur Rahman

Discussant: Prof. Dr. Noor Mohammad

Chair: Prof. Dr. M. Shamsuddin Elias

Discussant: Prof. Dr. Mahbuba Kaniz Keya

1. Validation of the Future Aspiration Scale in

Bangladeshi Culture

Muhammad Akram Uzzaman and A. K. M.

Rezaul Karim

6. Role of Non-cognitive Factors in Academic

Achievement of Undergraduates

Mst. Jakia Rahman, Muhammad Kamal Uddin

and Nasrin Nahar

2. Exploring Predictors of First Year Academic

Achievement: The Case of Dhaka University

Sumaia Ali Raisa and Muhammad Kamal Uddin

7. Viability of EMDR Practice in Bangladesh: A

Push Forward

Shamim F. Karim and Shaheen Islam

3. Executive Functions of People with Drug

Addiction

Marzia Al-Hakeem and Kamal Uddin Ahmed

Chowdhury

8. Delays and Dropouts in Postgraduate Degrees

in Dhaka University: A Possible Clinical

Psychological Intervention

Farah Deeba, Jobeda Khatun, Shobnom

Tehzeeb, and Syeda Sara Nasir

4. Early Childhood Under nutrition and

Neurodevelopment of Disadvantaged Children

Abu Yusuf Mahmud, Md. Kamal Uddin, and

FahmidaTofail

9. Effect of Gender, Education and Socio-

economic Status on Optimism

Fayaza Ahmed, Abu Yusuf Mahmud, and

Mehtab Khanam

5. Fieldwork Practices across Cultures: A

Reflection from Bangladesh

Umme Habiba Jasmine and Mzikazi Nduna

10. Effectiveness of Ancient Japanese Healing

Technique (Acupressure) for Stress Relief

Rahnuma-E-Jannat and Zinnatul Borak

Tea Break (10:00-10:30)




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Parallel Sessions II


10

:30

-11:3

0


Chair: Prof. Dr. M. Kamal Uddin

Discussant: Dr. Nurul Islam

Chair: Prof. Dr. Mahfuza Khanam

Discussant: Prof. Dr. Sabina Sultana

11. Depression, Anxiety, and Everyday Memory

among Female Diploma Nursing Students

Muhammad Kamal Uddin, Anika Shama, Rizvi

Khatun, and Mala Reberio

16. Parental Acceptance-Rejection (PAR) in

Relation to Adolescent’s Fantasy and

Aggression towards Their Parents

Hamida Naz and Mahadi-Ul-Morshed

12. Relationship between Abusive Supervision and

Authentic Leadership of Employees in BD

Syeda Sara Nasir

17. Personality Traits, Social Networking Sites

Use and Addiction, and Mental Health

Tasnim Sultana, Lisa Paul, and Oli Ahmed

13. Loneliness and Facebook Addiction

Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Oli Ahmed, and

Lutfun Nahar

18. Mental Health and Psychosocial Earthquake

Preparedness for the City of Dhaka

Mukta Jahan Banu and Joel Montanez

14. Relationships among Internet Addiction,

Personality Traits, and Academic Achievement

of University Students

Mohammad Alamgir Hossain and Umme Jannatul

Ferdous

19. Anxiety and Depression Predicting Facebook

Addiction among Young Adults in Dhaka

City

Shakila Parvin Bristy, Farjana Begum, and

Muhammad Kamal Uddin

15. Parental Rejection, Depression, and Internet

Addiction among Young Adults

Momtaz Sultana and Muhammad Kamal Uddin

20. Factors Mediates the Relationship between

Women’s Attitude towards Employment and

Marital Adjustment

Salma Akther and Md. Nurul Islam

Boundary of Psychology Subfields

11:30-13:00 (Seminar Hall, Senate Bhaban)

Chair: Prof. Dr. Anwarul Hasan Sufi

Discussant: Prof. Dr. Kazi Saifuddin

Clinical Psychology: Dr. Kamruzzaman Mozumder and Associates

Educational Psychology: Dr. Mahjabeen Haque and Associates

Counseling Psychology: Prof. Dr. Shaheen Islam and Associates

Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Prof. Dr. Ashoke Kumar Saha and Associates

School Psychology: Prof. Dr. M. Kamal Uddin and Associates




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Lunch Break (13:00-14:00)

Parallel Sessions III


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:00

-15:0

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Chair: Prof. Dr. Ashoke Kumar Saha

Discussant: Dr. Muhammad Akram Uzzaman

Chair: Prof. Dr. Enamul Haque

Discussant: Dr. Anjuman Shirin

21. Reducing Self Harm Behavior among

Adolescent Girls of BNWLA Shelter Home

Sadia Sharmin Urmi

26. Psychosocial Model of Mass Violence and

Genocide: Causes, Prevention, and

Intervention

Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman

22. Attitude, Anxiety, and Academic Achievement

on Statistics

Tahmina Parveen, Lisa Paul, Oli Ahmed, and

Rumana Aktar

27. Parental Rejection and Anxiety of Children

Anjuman Shirin and NazmaPervin

23. Bicultural Attitudes and Psychological

Adjustment of Ethnic-Minority Adults in BD

Muhammad Kamal Uddin, Abdul Khaleque,

RumanaAktar, Kishor Roy, and Md. Nur-E-Alam

Siddique

28. A Study of Parental Acceptance - Rejection

and Aggression towards Parents

Mahadi - Ul - Morshed, Md. Nore Nobi Nirobe,

and Hamida Naz

24. Structure, Discourses, Parenting, and the

Body: A Meta Theoretical Perspective in the

Context of Bangladesh

S. Aminul Islam

29. Parental Attachment on Adolescents’

Internet Addiction

Mushfika Shayela and Md. Nurul Islam

25. Conceptual self and construction of war

veterans’ autobiographical memory

Shamsul Haque

30. Impact of Psychosocial Counseling on Mental

Health of Pregnant Women

Md. Shaheen Mollah and Dristy Moni Howlader




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Parallel Sessions IV


15

:00

-16:0

0


Chair: Prof. Dr. Mehtab Khanam

Discussant: Prof. Dr. Muurshida F. B. Habib

Chair: Prof. Dr. Shaheen Islam

Discussant: Dr. Kamruzzaman Mozumder

31. Adaptation of the Scale for the Assessment of

Positive Symptoms and Scale for the

Assessment of Negative Symptoms of

Schizophrenia in BD

Liza Akter, Farzana Akter Srabony, Farah

Deebaand Sanjit Roy

36. Academic Self-efficacy, Self-regulated

Learning Strategies and Academic

Achievement of Higher Secondary Students

in Bangladesh

Anando Ghosh, Oli Ahmed, and Lailun Nahar

32. An Evaluation of the Quality of Multiple

Choice Questions on Secondary School

Certificate Examination in Bangladesh

Muhammad Kamal Uddin, TasnuvaTazrin

Mullick, and Nasrin Nahar

37. Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Bank

Officers in Relation to Job Attitudes

Sanjida Afrin and Noor Muhammad

33. Adaptation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction

Scale

Oli Ahmed and Mohammad Alamgir Hossain

38. Factors Influencing Consumers Buying

Motive

Arobindu Dash and Mollika Roy

34. Adaptation of Quality of Life in Autism

Questionnaire-(Self Report Version) for Use in

Bangladesh

Ata-A-Rabby and S.M. Abul Kalam Azad

39. A Comparative Study on Adaptive Behavior

of Neuro developmental Disordered Children

and Normal Children

Lutfun Naher

35. Psychometric Properties of the Revised Bangla

Anxiety Scale for Bangladeshi Population

Depon Chandra Sarker and Farah Deeba

40. Inter-parental Conflict, Self-Concept,

Anxiety and Anger among Adolescents

Nushrat Armin and Muhammad Kamal Uddin

Vote of Thanks

by

Professor Dr. Muhammad Kamal Uddin

Seminar Hall, Senate Bhaban (16:00-16:15)

Tea Break (16:15-16:50)

Program Ends (17:00)




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1. Validation of the Future Aspiration Scale in Bangladeshi Culture

Muhammad Akram Uzzaman1 and A. K. M. Rezaul Karim2

1Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Jagannath University 2Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka

Very few validation studies have been done after the development of the FAS by Center for

Urban Affairs and Policy Research (1995). So, considering this view of point, the purpose of the

present study was to translate the instrument into Bangla and validate in Bangladeshi culture. A

total of 1000 participants (491 males & 509 females) were participated in the study. Exploratory

Factor Analysis (EFA) which was done on sample 1 (n = 500) identified a one-factor of the FAS

with 6 items. The one factor named ‘Future Aspiration’. When analyzed the data for sample 2 (n

= 500) in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), it revealed that the one-factor model with 6 items

is a good fit [χ 2 (7) = 24.558, RMSEA = .07; RMR = .02; CFI = .98, GFI = .98] model to the

data. Moreover, the FAS showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .77), strong

convergent, and discriminant validity. Thus, the Bangla version FAS appears to be valid and

reliable and therefore may be used in further research on future aspiration in the country.

Keywords: future aspiration, scale, factor analysis, exploratory, confirmatory

2. Exploring Predictors of First Year Academic Achievement: The Case of Dhaka University

Sumaia Ali Raisa and Muhammad Kamal Uddin


With the unusual competition for the admission to university in recent years, it has been

imperative to explore factors of academic achievement. The present study tested whether GPAs

in Secondary and Higher Secondary Examinations, admission test score, academic stress,

everyday memory, and self-efficacy can predict academic achievement of first year

undergraduates. Two hundred seventy nine undergraduate students of second year from eighteen

departments of the University of Dhaka who were selected by stratified random sampling

technique responded to a questionnaire package comprised of Bangla translated versions of the

Academic Stress Inventory, General Self-efficacy Scale and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire.

Additionally, a Personal Information Form eliciting GPAs in Secondary and Higher Secondary

Examinations, score on admission test and other personal demographics. Data were fed into

SPSS 20 version and analyzed by computing mean, standard deviation, t-value, one way

ANOVA, coefficient of correlation and stepwise regression. Stepwise regression for three

different units showed that merit score was the best predictor for unit A followed by GPA of

higher secondary examination, for unit C reverse is true. For unit B, GPA of higher secondary

examination was the best predictor whereas merit score was negative predictor. The findings

have implications for educators, policy makers, parents, and teachers.

Keywords: GPAs, admission test score, academic stress, self-efficacy, everyday memory

3. Executive Functions of People with Drug Addiction

Marzia Al-Hakeem and Kamal Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury




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This study aimed to see the impairments of executive functions in people with drug dependence.

Through neuro-imaging studies, it has been revealed that drug abuse produces structural and

functional changes in important brain regions which are responsible for cognitive functions.

People with drug dependency continues taking drugs despite knowing and experiencing all the

harmful consequences because their brain, especially the area which controls the executive

functions is already affected by long term abuse and they cannot make decisions or judgments or

sustain abstinence. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method and the sample

size was 120, among them 60 were in drug user group and 60 were healthy control.

Neuropsychological assessment tools were used FAB and RCFT, for assessing the executive

functioning of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20.

Independent-Samples t-test was carried out and the result has shown that the control group

performed better in all tests. In FAB, there was found significant difference of performance

between the drug users and control group, t (90.9) = 9.89, p = .00, α = .01. Both in copy and

immediate recall phase of RCFT, there were significant differences of performance between the

drug users and control group, t (70.9) = 8.11, p = .00, α = .01 and t (118) = 11.9, p = .00, α = .01,

respectively. Results indicate that the executive functions of drug dependent people are

significantly impaired. Therefore, this issue should be taken in consideration for creating

individualized treatment programs and can also assist in taking preventive measures.

Keywords: executive functions, drug dependence, neuropsychological assessment tools

4. Early Childhood Under nutrition and Neurodevelopment of Disadvantaged Children

Abu Yusuf Mahmud1, Muhammad Kamal Uddin2, and Fahmida Tofail3

1PhD student, Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka 2Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka

3Senior Consultant and Scientist, ICDDRB, Bangladesh

Children living in socio-economically disadvantaged society face deprivation of adequate

nutrition. The present cross-sectional study examined whether early childhood under nutrition

has any contribution to the neurodevelopment of disadvantaged children. A total of 105 mother-

child dyads residing in Lalmatia, Mirpur slum areas in the Dhaka City were included.

Anthropometric information was obtained by measuring weight and height of both the children

and mothers, and head circumference and MUAC of mothers. To compute the nutritional status,

anthropometric measurements were converted to BMI, WHZ, HAZ, and WAZ following WHO

guidelines. Children’s neurodevelopment was assessed by the revised version of Bayley Scales

of Infant Development-III. A significant association of children’s WHZ (wasting) and WAZ

scores (underweight) with their language development was observed (r = .207*, r = .268**

respectively), but, surprisingly, no remarkable relation with HAZ. The data did not yield any

significant connection between the z-scores of nutritional status (WHZ, HAZ, & WAZ) and the

rest of the neuro-developmental domains (cognition & motor). Further, the result showed no

significant correlation between mothers’ BMI and all of the neuro-cognitive domains of the

children. The findings indicate that early childhood under nutrition has an impact upon the

language development of disadvantaged children but not on the cognitive and motor outcomes of




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neurodevelopment.

Keywords: under nutrition, neuro-cognitive development, disadvantaged children

5. Fieldwork Practices across Cultures: A Reflection from Bangladesh

Umme Habiba Jasmine and Dr. Mzikazi Nduna

University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Due to the absence of research on contextual qualitative methodology and due to the dearth of

exploratory research in Bangladesh on parenting practice and on intergenerational transmission

of parenting practices there is a lack of information on culture sensitive methodology in studying

this topic. So far in Bangladesh five qualitative studies on fatherhood, motherhood, and some

elements of parenting practices, and several quantitative outcome studies on stimulus and child

development have been conducted. This paper shares some sampling experiences from the

research field. Twenty-two, one-to-one, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted

with two groups of participants: 1) Biological mothers, and 2) Maternal grandmothers of school

going children. The participants were recruited through purposive sampling through a

representative of a cooperative society in Mirpur area. This article reports some challenges

resulting in not recruiting participants from other two areas of the city where existing sampling

design did not work. Some sample had to be discarded because of the unavailability of the other

participant of the dyads or unsuitability for in-depth interview. This article suggests culturally as

well as locality sensitive recruitment strategy and research design because sampling strategies

vary among the urban areas and according to the degree of urbanization. Another finding is that

the sense of confidentiality varies in this culture. Besides, because of some cultural practices,

standard research ethics such as gifting participants and being entertained by participants might

need to be compromised. So, the targeted community characteristics need to be explored for a

successful study design.

Keywords: parenting practices, intergenerational, sampling, culture-sensitive

6. Role of Non-cognitive Factors in Academic Achievement of Undergraduates

Mst. Jakia Rahman, Muhammad Kamal Uddin, and Nasrin Nahar


This study explored the role of non-cognitive factors (i.e., peer group influence, academic self-

efficacy, achievement motivation, perception of the school psychological environment, and

academic engagement) on the academic achievement of undergraduates. The sample consisted of

245 young adults (145 males & 100 females) from Dhaka, Bangladesh ranging in age from 18

through 25 years. Bangla translated measures included the Personal Information Form (PIF),

peer group influence scale, academic self-efficacy scale, revised achievement motivation scale,

perception of the school psychological environment scale, academic engagement scale and

students’ academic achievement (CGPA). Results showed that key variables were significantly

correlated with one another. Descriptive statistics revealed that there is a significant gender

difference in academic achievement, perception of school psychological environment and




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academic engagement. Females were found to be higher achieving, academically more engaged

and to have a better perception of school environment. This gender difference was also reflected

in the extent in which the factors predicted students’ academic achievement. Academic

engagement has been found to be an important predictor of academic achievement for both males

and females.

Keywords: academic achievement, peer group influence, academic self-efficacy, achievement

motivation, perception of school psychological environment

7. Viability of EMDR Practice in Bangladesh: A Push Forward

Shamim F. Karim and Shaheen Islam

Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University of Dhaka

As a first line treatment of trauma, EMDR gained wide acceptance and recognition among world

endorsement bodies. Developmental challenges of Bangladesh starting from pressing poverty,

domestic and political violence to recurring natural disasters, liberation war in fact left none to

get away from trauma. Impact of trauma is often invisible having far reaching life consequences.

Unrecognized, untreated trauma have massive bearing on social and economic development.

Though EMDR was introduced in Bangladesh 20 years back by UNICEF, only a few continued

to practice EMDR. Later with the good office of HAP/Trauma Aid Switzerland EMDR was

revitalized and a MOU signed with Dhaka University. Intense, culturally appropriate curriculum

on psychotraumatology and continuous supervision were the integral part of the EMDR training

program. The viability of EMDR as trauma recovery tool for mental health professionals was

assessed through survey and case documentation. The paper will focus on the benefit and

shortcomings of EMDR practice with way forward.

Keywords: trauma, therapy, EMDR

8. Delays and Dropouts in Postgraduate Degrees in Dhaka University: A Possible Clinical

Psychological Intervention

Farah Deeba, Jobeda Khatun, Shobnom Tehzeeb, and Syeda Sara Nasir


This is the twenty first century’s demand to generate erudite and skilled nations in this highly

communicative world. A highly educated community can only show the way of prosperity and

development to a nation. The delayed nature of accomplishment of higher degrees is shown to be

a primary hindrance to individuals’ well being and institutional enrichment for so long in our

country though. The current study seeks to find the apposite reasons behind delays in achieving

degrees and drop out matters. The study covers the population of Dhaka University. In the first

phase of the study, archival data have been collected of almost 425 students in total. 360 of them

are M.Phil. students and 65 of them are PhD students of two sessions. The archival source shows

that in every session almost 550 and 150 people are enlisted for M.Phil. and PhD programmes

respectively. The data show that 30% of the M.Phil. students and 6.15% of PhD students extend

their time at least for once. In the second phase of the study, approximately 15 students are taken




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from M.Phil. and PhD. Programmes. Self-report measure is administered on them which contains

a number of items related to both internal and external motivational factors and a combined scale

of depression, anxiety and stress named DASS-21. Most of the data show that the participants

are seen to be demotivated to study smoothly by their extensive family responsibilities and

financial issues. Many of them show the tendency of procrastination too. Most of them are seen

to seek support which can speed up their research work. So, to seek the pointed causes behind

this exacerbating condition of the higher degree program regulation might be the focus of great

attention which may further aid the intervention programmes if taken to minimize the

incongruences.

Keywords: drop-outs, delays, reasons, anxiety, stress, depression

9. Effect of Gender, Education and Socio-economic Status on Optimism

Fayaza Ahmed1, Abu Yusuf Mahmud2, and Mehtab Khanam3

1Multidisciplinary Training Centre, Shishu Bikash Kendra, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2PhD student, Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka

3Professor, Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University of Dhaka

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of gender, place of residence

and socio-economic status on optimism. For this study, 200 participants were taken from

different educational levels (S.S.C to graduate & post graduate) and different socio-economic

status (upper, middle & lower). Both male and female subjects were taken to complete the study.

Three-way ANOVA was conducted to find relationships which revealed that there are significant

relationship between 1) optimism and education, and 2) optimism and socio-economic status but

no significant relation was found between optimism and gender.

Keywords: optimism, gender, education, socio-economic status

10. Effectiveness of Ancient Japanese Healing Technique (Acupressure) for Stress Relief

Rahnuma-E-Jannat and Zinnatul Borak


The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Ancient Japanese Healing

Technique (acupressure) for the people who are suffering from different stressful situations, i.e.,

depression, anxiety, lower self-esteem in perspective of Bangladesh. It was hypothesized that

Ancient Japanese Healing Technique (acupressure) application will be effective in relieving

stress. Fifteen female school teacher of primary level took part in this experiment. Under

experimental condition, participants were taught about this acupressure technique. These

participants employed this technique two times daily for fifteen days. There were two follow-up

sessions in this fifteen days’ intervention period to ensure the procedure followed in right way. A

pretest-posttest experimental design was used. The findings were, there was significant decree in

anxiety and depression level and significant elevation in self-esteem level. For anxiety score t (6)

= 2.74, p = .03; depression score, t (6) = 4.58, p = .04; and self-esteem score, t (6) = -2.52 and p =

.04. Thus the result support current hypothesis as well as the literature regarding acupressure




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technique.

Keywords: acupressure, stress relief, pretest-posttest design, t-test

11. Depression, Anxiety, and Everyday Memory among Female Diploma Nursing Students

Muhammad Kamal Uddin1, Anika Shama2, and Rizvi Khatun 3, Mala Reberio 4

1Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh 2Fellow, Teach for Bangladesh, Tejgaon I/A, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh

3Trainee Child Psychologist, BPF (Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation), Dhaka, Bangladesh 4 Nursing Instructor, Nursing Institute, Munshiganj, Bangladesh

Nursing students are susceptible to higher risks of depression and anxiety. We tested the

prediction that depression and anxiety might negatively affect their everyday memory. Two

hundred and eighty eight diploma students were selected purposively from two public nursing

institutes of Dhaka division in the present study. Their ages were from 18 to 24 years, with a

mean age of 19.8 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire package comprised of Bangla

translated versions of the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Cognitive

Failure Questionnaire, along with a Personal Information Form. Correlation analysis showed

significant association among key variables namely depression, anxiety, and everyday memory.

Regression analysis revealed that depression and anxiety made significant independent

contribution to the variance in everyday memory and they have jointly accounted for 32.7%

variance. The findings have implications for health professionals, educators, and policy makers.

Keywords: depression, anxiety, everyday memory, nursing student, diploma

12. Relationship between Abusive Supervision and Authentic Leadership of Employees in

Bangladesh

Syeda Sara Nasir


The present study was aimed to see the relationship between abusive supervision and authentic

leadership of employees in Bangladesh. 150 employees, ranging in age from 25 to 50 years, were

selected purposively from different job sectors in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The Bangla version of the

Abusive Supervision Scale (Nasir & Rana, 2017) and the Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment

Scale (Nasir & Rana, 2017) were used along with a Personal Information Form (PIF). Data were

analyzed by correlations and simple regressions. As predicted, abusive supervision was

significantly negatively correlated with authentic leadership (r = -.189, p < .01). Simple

regression analysis indicated that 3.6% of the variance in authentic leadership could be explained

by abusive supervision. Implications of the present study have been discussed in the light of

relevant studies.

Keywords: abusive supervision, authentic leadership

13. Loneliness and Facebook Addiction

Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Oli Ahmed, and Lutfun Nahar




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Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong

The most popular social networking site in Bangladesh is Facebook. Facebook users’

dependency on it, a type of behavior addiction, gets much attention by researchers in recent

years. The present study was aimed to explore the relationship among loneliness, number of

Facebook friends, and Facebook addiction among university students. This study was conducted

on a sample of 234 students, aged from19-24 years (M=20.24, SD = 1.85) from the University of

Chittagong, Bangladesh. The Bangla (Ahmed & Hossain, 2018) UCLA Loneliness Scale-version

3 (Russell, 1996) and the Bangla (Ahmed & Hossain, 2018) Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale

(BFAS: Andreassen, Torsheim, Brunborg, & Pallesen, 2012) were administered to the

respondents. In addition, respondents were asked to report the number of friends on Facebook.

The findings showed significant differences in the number of Facebook friends in terms of

gender (U=3006, Z=-7.186, p<.01, effect size = -.47) and residence (U = 4617, Z = -1.967,

p<.05, effect size = -.13). Findings suggested significant differences in loneliness (U = 1790, Z =

-2.755, p<.01, effect size = -.22) and facebook addiction (U = 7024.5, Z = -2.311, p<.05, effect

size = -.17) among respondents from Arts and Social Sciences faculty. Facebook addiction was

significantly correlated with loneliness (r=.338, p<.01) and the number of Facebook friends

(r=.176, p<.05). The findings of the present study would be helpful to identify possible reasons

of the Facebook Addiction.

Keywords: loneliness, facebook friends, facebook addiction

14. Relationships among Internet Addiction, Personality Traits, and Academic Achievement of

University Students

Mohammad Alamgir Hossain and Umme Jannatul Ferdous


Recently the internet has become a pro-social, interactive and information driving medium. It has

influenced everyone’s life, especially adolescents and young adults. But excessive internet use

may detrimentally affect their personality and academic performance. Therefore, the main

purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among young adult’s personality traits,

internet addiction, and academic achievement. The sample comprised of 194 students who were

selected from five faculties located in the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Another goal of

this study was to determine the mean differences in internet addiction, personality traits, and

academic achievement in terms of gender, residence, year of study, and the faculty. The research

tools included Adapted Bangla version (Karim & Nigar, 2013) of Internet Addiction Test (IAT:

Young, 1996) and Translated Bangla version (Hossain & Ahmed, 2018) of the Eysenck

personality questionnaire revised short form (EPQR-S:Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barrett, 1985). The

results of correlation indicated that internet addiction was significantly positively correlated with

extraversion (r=.18, p<.01) and neuroticism (r=.22, p<.01), but was negatively correlated with

psychoticism (r=-.18, p<.01) and student’s academic achievement (r=-.16, p<.05). Significant

mean differences were existed between male and female in respect to internet addiction,

personality traits, and academic achievement. Moreover, study years had a significant effect on

internet addiction and personality traits of students.




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Keywords: internet addiction, personality traits, academic achievement

15. Parental Rejection, Depression, and Internet Addiction among Young Adults

Momtaz Sultana and Muhammad Kamal Uddin


The present study tested whether the relation between parental rejection and internet addiction is

mediated through depression. Two hundred and thirty university students (50% female, 50%

male), ranging in age from 18 to 25 years, responded to the Adult versions of the Parental

Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire short form for fathers (PARQ-F) and for mothers (PARQ-

M), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II), the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), along with a

Personal Information Form. Results of independent sample t-test indicated that there was no

significant gender difference in most of the major variables (except paternal rejection); i.e.,

maternal rejection, depression and internet addiction. Bivariate correlations among all major

variables were significant. Multiple regression analysis revealed that mother and father rejection

jointly explained about 26% variance in depression and 21% variance in internet addiction of

both female and male. Mediation analysis showed that depression partially mediated the relation

between parental rejection and internet addiction (β = .122, p< .05 for maternal rejection; β =

.119, p< .05 for paternal rejection).

Keywords: parental rejection, depression, internet addiction, young adults

16. Parental Acceptance-Rejection (PAR) in Relation to Adolescent’s Fantasy and Aggression

towards Their Parents

Hamida Naz and Mahadi-Ul-Morshed

Gono Unnayan Sangstha (GUS), Dhaka, Bangladesh

The objectives of the present study were: (a) to see whether there is any relation between PAR

and adolescent’s fantasy behavior and (b) to see whether there is any relation between PAR and

adolescent’s aggressive behavior towards their parents. For this purpose, a sample of 960

students was selected randomly from various institutions of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Three

questionnaires were administered to the respondents: a. Adult PARQ: Father & Mother Version,

b. Aggression towards Parents, and c. Fantasy. The significant positive correlations were

estimated among aggression towards parents, fantasy, and subscales of PARQ (Father’s

warmth\affection, neglect\indifference, rejection\indifference, control, total and Mother’s

warmth\affection, control, and total). In terms of PARQ-F subscales, a significant difference was

existed between males and females. The findings of the study imply that there is an effect of

parent-child interaction on adolescent’s behavior and this study can be helpful for those who

wish to improve parent-adolescent relationship in order to maximize adolescent’s well-being.

Keywords: parental acceptance-rejection, aggression towards parents, fantasy

17. Personality Traits, Social Networking Sites Use and Addiction, and Mental Health

Tasnim Sultana, Lisa Paul, and Oli Ahmed




15


In present days, Social Networking Sites (SNS) use and addiction get great concerns. The present

study was aimed to explore the influence of personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness,

conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) and SNS usage and addiction on the mental health

of university students. The Big Five Personality Inventory-10 (Rammstedt & John, 2007), the

Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (Andreassen et al., 2016), and the Mental Health Inventory

-18 (Veit & Ware, 1983) were administered to a sample of 332 students, aged 18 to 25 years

(M=21.05, SD = 1.88), from the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The sample was selected

through a non-probability sampling technique. Mental health was significantly explained (30%

variance) by the personality traits and SNS use and addiction. The path analysis revealed that

conscientiousness (β = -.17, p < .01), neuroticism (β = -.22, p < .001), and SNS addiction (β = -

.29, p < .001) were the significant predictors of the mental health. The path analysis also revealed

that agreeableness (β = -.14, p < .01), conscientiousness (β = -.22, p < .001), and SNSs use (β =

.33, p < .001) were the significant predictors of SNS addiction. The findings of this study would

be helpful to design the intervening program to reduce the negative influence of SNS use and

addiction in our society.

Keywords: personality traits, social networking sites use and addiction, mental health

18. Mental Health and Psychosocial Earthquake Preparedness for the City Of Dhaka

Mukta Jahan Banu and Joel Montanez

Action Against Hunger, Dhaka, Bangladesh

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has identified Bangladesh as one of the most

vulnerable countries on the planet. The 16 million people living in Dhaka city are physically and

mentally vulnerable to earthquakes because of unplanned urbanization and lack of preparedness.

There are known impacts on social and mental health during and after disasters (e.g., trauma,

loss, illness, etc.). Disaster management must target social and mental health, as embodied in the

Inter Agency Standing Committee guideline in emergency settings. Action Contre la Faim

(ACF) is taking steps on MHPSS activities for disaster preparedness under the “Dhaka

Earthquake and Emergency Preparedness” (DEEP) project to strengthen local capacity for

emergency preparedness. ACF currently coordinates and reinforces capacities on mental health

and psychosocial support at both institutional and field levels. The MHPSS activities of the

DEEP project are based on: (1) training regarding MHPSS and PFA for primary care doctors,

FSCD inspectors, school teachers, and BDRCS volunteers; (2) advocacy and awareness through

ICT materials; (3) coordination of MHPSS interventions with project stakeholders, humanitarian

organizations, ward disaster management committee, and government; and (4) preparing a

database of trained professionals on MHPSS and PFA. Reports indicate that people having

received training on MHPSS and PFA feel to have better knowledge and to be better prepared.

Moreover, 200 professionals on MHPSS and PFA have developed a Bangla manual for field

level BDRCS volunteers. The DEEP preparedness program will likely help city dwellers to

better cope with issues involving disasters.

Keywords: mental health, psychosocial support, preparedness, earthquake




16

19. Anxiety and Depression Predicting Facebook Addiction among Young Adults in Dhaka City

Shakila Parvin Bristy, Farjana Begum, and Muhammad Kamal Uddin


The present study tested the prediction that anxiety and depression can predict Facebook

addiction very well. A questionnaire package comprised of Bangla translated versions of the

Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale,

along with a Personal Information Form was administered to 200 undergraduate and

postgraduate students of 2 Universities. Among the respondents, 99 were male and 101 were

female with a mean age of 21.73 years (SD = 1.73). The reliability analysis revealed high

internal consistency of all 3 measuring instruments (Cronbach alpha was 0.90, 0.86 and 0.93

respectively, for anxiety, depression, and Facebook addiction). Independent sample t tests

revealed no significant gender differences in major variables. So, subsequent analyses were

carried out on the entire sample. Correlation analysis showed a significant association of anxiety

and depression with facebook addiction (r = 0.41 and 0.46, respectively); the higher the anxiety

and depression, the higher is the Facebook addiction. Multiple regression analysis revealed that

anxiety and depression had jointly accounted for 23.4% variance in Facebook addiction among

young adults in Dhaka city. The findings have implications for parents and guardians, teachers,

mental health professionals, educators, and policy makers.

Keywords: facebook addiction, anxiety, depression

20. Factors Mediates the Relationship between Women’s Attitude towards Employment and

Marital Adjustment

Salma Akther and Md. Nurul Islam


The present study was designed to know the mediating effect of the female’s role perception

(FRP) and perceived role conflict (PRC) in the relationship between their attitude towards

employment (ATFE) and marital adjustment (MA). 300 women (150 working and 150 non-

working) were selected purposively from different areas of Chittagong city, Bangladesh. Four

measuring instruments were used in this study, namely (i) Attitude towards Female Employment

Scale (Ilyas, 1992), (ii) Female Role Perception Scale (Ilyas and Zaman, 1988), (iii) Perceived

Role Conflict Scale (Begum and Tasneem, 1984), and (iv) Bangla version (Ilyas, 2001) of the

Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) originally developed by Spanier (1976). Both working and non-

working women’s attitude towards their employment was positively correlated with their marital

adjustment. FRP, PRC, and ATFE significantly explained 37.4% of variances of working

women’s MA (R2=.374, F (3,146) =82.57, p<.001); whereas ATFE and FRP significantly

explained 20.6% of variances of non-working women’s MA (R2=.206, F (2,147) =19.09,

p<.001). FRP and the PRC had the mediational effect in the relationship between working

women’s ATFE and MA, but no mediational effect was found for this relationship in regards to

non-working women. The study has described women’s marital adjustment and their attitude




17

towards employment in terms of their role perception and perceived role conflict, calls on the

policy makers, counselors, or psychologists to formulate any adjustive policy demands needed

for them.

Keywords: attitude towards female employment, female role perception, perceived role conflict,

marital adjustment

21. Reducing Self Harm Behavior among Adolescent Girls of BNWLA Shelter Home

Sadia Sharmin Urmi

Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association (BNWLA), Dhaka

The present study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of psychotherapy to reduce self

harm behavior of adolescent girls living in shelter home. 30 adolescent girls who had self harm

behavior were selected purposively to conduct the study. They were staying at Bangladesh

National Women Lawyers Association (BNWLA) shelter home, and the BNWLA provided

psychological services to them. To reduce self harm behavior among the girls, psychotherapy

techniques were applied. Besides, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to find out the

psychological problems of 12 to 17 year-old girls, and the Self Rating Scale (0-100) was used to

measure their mood level. Pre and post-test design was used in the study. A significant positive

correlation was found between CBCL and SRS scores. After providing psychotherapy

techniques, significant changes were found in Self Rating scores. The findings of the present

study were interpreted in the light of existing literature and further research in this area with

large sample was recommended. It was found that the outcome of the psychological treatments

(CBT techniques, art therapy, music therapy, dance therapy, and mindfulness) was satisfactory

and reduced the girls’ self harm behavior.

Keywords: self harm, adolescent, psychotherapy

22. Attitude, Anxiety, and Academic Achievement on Statistics

Tahmina Parveen, Lisa Paul, Oli Ahmed, and Rumana Aktar


Nowadays, statistics is very important, especially for students in conducting scientific research

and advancing knowledge and technology. The present study was aimed to ascertain attitude and

anxiety toward statistics among undergraduates and to see its impact on their academic

achievement. The Attitude toward Statistics (ATS: Wise, 1985) and the Statistical Anxiety Scale

(SAS: Vigil-Colet et al., 2008) were administered to a sample of 238 undergraduate students (age

M = 21.53 years, SD= 1.11), who were selected purposively from the University of Chittagong,

Bangladesh. Both of the scales were adapted into Bangla following the rules and guidelines of

the International Test Commission (ITC). Item analysis showed that the ATS (α = .91 [.892,

.925], split half reliability = .93, inter-factor correlations ranged from .57 to .92) and the SAS (α

= .88 [.85, .90], split half reliability = .84, inter-factor correlations ranged from .38 to .84) were

psychometrically sound to apply in Bangladesh context. Significant correlations were estimated

among student’s attitude, anxiety, and academic performance in statistics. Attitudes towards field




18

and course and anxieties related to help seeking, examination, and interpretation explained

14.6% variance of the academic achievement. Attitude towards field (ß=.-187, p<.01), attitude

towards course (ß= .347, p<.01), and anxiety related to examination (ß= -.206, p<.01) were the

strongest predictors of academic achievement. The findings of this study would be helpful for the

teachers and curriculum developers to make favorable attitude toward statistics and reduce

anxiety for keeping peace with the demand of the modern world.

Keywords: attitude, anxiety, academic achievement, statistics

23. Bicultural Attitudes and Psychological Adjustment of Ethnic-Minority Adults in Bangladesh

Muhammad Kamal Uddin1, Abdul Khaleque2, Rumana Aktar3, Kishor Roy4, and Md. Nur-E-Alam Siddique5

1Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka 2Formar Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka

3Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong 4Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka

5Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Rajshahi University

The present study explored relationships between bicultural attitudes and psychological

adjustment of ethnic-minority adults in Bangladesh. Four hundred twelve young adults (mean

age 22 years) consisting of 40% female and 60% male from 18 tribal subgroups in Bangladesh

responded to Bicultural Attitude Scale (BAS), Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ), and

a Personal Information Form. Results showed that 57% of the respondents are biculturally

oriented, 42% are uniculturally oriented (39% of them are oriented toward their heritage culture

and only 3% toward their national culture), and less than 1% are culturally alienated or

marginalized. In addition, the results showed that the mean score of ratings of importance is

significantly higher for the heritage culture than for the national culture. Results also showed that

there is a significant positive correlation between attitude toward heritage culture and

psychological adjustment of the respondents. The findings further showed that the heritage (not

the host or the national) culture has significant unique effects on the psychological adjustment of

both male and female minority ethnic adults in Bangladesh. The findings have implications for

political leaders, policy makers, and other significant people.

Keywords: bicultural attitudes, heritage culture, national culture, ethnicity, psychological

adjustment

24. Structure, Discourses, Parenting, and the Body: A Meta Theoretical Perspective in the

Context of Bangladesh

S. Aminul Islam

Honorary Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka

Parenting is an emerging field of multi-disciplinary research with weak theoretical foundation

and great potential. Most of the research by psychologists has been conducted in the context of

the Western society. Although both anthropology and psychology have a rich tradition of the

study of socialization in cross-cultural contexts, including parenting, yet studies on parenting in

the non-Western world are few and suffer from under-theorizing. The decline of post-modernism




19

has triggered a new interest in the construction of macro theories and what Ritzer calls paradigm-

bridging. This paper is a modest effort to contribute to this goal. In the existing literature,

parenting has been viewed as a static instrument that somehow ensures the compliance of the

child and contributes to child development. It has mainly focused on parenting style and failed to

view it as part of a dynamic process involving both parents and children within changing social

and cultural terrains. Although more recent studies have begun to explore the process of

parenting within a broader perspective, yet it remains embryonic as a paradigm. The key

arguments of this paper are that the existing theories of parenting are Eurocentric and are not

either useful or relevant for fast-changing societies like Bangladesh. Parenting in Bangladesh

reflects multi-layered and fragmented discourses resulting from successive societal forms and

transitional cultural patterns which are being shaped under the process of modernization and

globalization. The pattern of change in parenting is not linear. It is a terrain fractured by the clash

of cultures and different discourses that impinge on the child. Discourses not only reflect cultural

icons, but also power configurations and the development of the psyche and the body is not the

site for the mere transmission of values from one generation to the next; it is also a site for the

exercise of power. In the context of new information technology, the child has access to multiple

sources of information and is being influenced by a multiplicity of ideas that undercuts parental

control. Thus a child should best be viewed as a moving site for both compliance with and

resistance to parental values resulting in different development outcomes, including rejection of

parental values, consumer fetishism, loss of identity, alienation, and a counter movement towards

the sacred.

Keywords: parenting, meta-theoretical perspectives, societal and cultural changes

25. Conceptual Self and Construction of War Veterans’ Autobiographical Memory

Shamsul Haque

Associate Professor of Psychology, Monash University, Malaysia

We review studies on autobiographical memories of veterans who fought several major battles

around the world. Twenty-eight articles, reporting 11 quantitative, 16 qualitative and one mixed-

method studies, were identified through a search conducted in Cochrane Library, PsycINFO,

PsycARTICLE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PILOTS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest

Central, and Google Scholar. Data from those articles were synthesized using convergent

qualitative synthesis followed by thematic analysis. Three recurring themes were extracted: (i)

features of veterans’ memory, (ii) self and memory and (iii) culture and memory. Veterans’

memories were aligned with the hegemonic narratives, although many of them were the

depiction of massacres and atrocities (theme 1). Veterans with PTSD and other types of mental

disorders were found to recall less specific and less coherent autobiographical memories.

Veterans’ memories were shaped by their split-identity – soldier vs. veteran identity,

generational identity, political ideology, and self-esteem (theme 2). War outcome, dominant

public narratives, political environment and myths prevailing in the society influenced the

retrieval of war memories (theme 3). Findings lead us to develop a conceptual model which we

call the self-cultural model of war memories.

Keywords: war veteran, autobiographical memory, self, social-political context, post-traumatic




20

stress disorder, dominant narratives

26. Psychosocial Model of Mass Violence and Genocide: Causes, Prevention, and Intervention

Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman


Mass violence and genocides are quite common in human history. “Genocide is a form of one

sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group, and membership

in it is defined by the perpetrator” (Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, 1990). Why does a state

authority fail to guaranty the survival and human rights of its all citizens, and finds an “out-

group” members of its society as scapegoat animy, and does conduct mass violence upon them,

thus making them a victim of genocide? According to Woolf and Hulsizer (2005), there are

seven psycho-social stages of mass violence and genocide, which would be presented briefly in

this paper with examples of some genocide from human history. The paper will also explore the

root causes of the psychology of human mind that can increase the risk of genocide, and the

psychological mechanism of obedience to authority experiment (Stanley Milgram, 1974), to

explain perpetrator behavior. The paper will end with a concluding remark on how to use our

knowledge in psychology to prevent genocide, and how to restore peace through intervention

after genocide.

Keywords: mass violence, genocide, out-group, psycho-social, obedience to authority,

perpetrator behavior, prevention of genocide, intervention after genocide

27. Parental Rejection and Anxiety of Children

Anjuman Shirin and Nazma Pervin

Department of Psychology, Rajshahi University

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between parental (paternal and

maternal) rejection and anxiety of children. A total of 100 respondents (50 boys and 50 girls)

were randomly selected from four schools of Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. Measures used were (1)

Child Version (Short Form) of Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire for Father (Child

PARQ: Father) which was originally developed by Rohner (2005) and adapted in Bangla by

Uddin (2011), (2) Child Version (Short Form) of Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire

for Mother (Child PARQ: Mother) which was originally developed by Rohner (2005) and

adapted in Bangla by (2011), and (3) Bangla version (Afrose, 2005) of Revised Children’s

Manifest Anxiety Scale (Richmond, 1978). The obtained data were analyzed using correlation

and regression methods. Results showed that children’s anxiety was positively correlated with

their paternal and maternal rejection. Regression analysis revealed that approximately 21.3 %

and 14% of variance in children’s anxiety could be explained by the paternal and maternal

rejection respectively.

Keywords: parental Rejection, anxiety, children

28. A Study of Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Aggression towards Parents




21

Mahadi - Ul - Morshed, Md. Nore Nobi Nirobe, and Hamida Naz

Department of Psychology, Jagannath University

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is any significant relation between

parental acceptance - rejection and aggression towards parents among the adolescents. Total 934

randomly selected individuals from various institution of Dhaka city participated. Significant

positive correlation between aggression towards parents and the subscales of parental

acceptance-rejection (Father warmth /affection, neglect/indifference, undifferentiated rejection,

Mother warmth/affection, Mother control and Mother total) was found. There was no significant

difference between male and female in aggression towards parents.

Keywords: parental acceptance-rejection, aggression towards parents

29. Parental Attachment on Adolescents’ Internet Addiction

Mushfika Shayela and Md. Nurul Islam


Internet use among Bangladeshi adolescents has increased since 2017. Due to its availability,

adolescents in oftentimes misuse it, and become addicted to it. Researches in this era have found

several contributing factors relating adolescent’ internet addiction. The present study was

conducted to knowone of the most important factors with adolescent’ internet addiction, the

parental attachment. 300 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling, from different

high schools at Chittagong district, Bangladesh. Two original English scales namely the ‘Internet

Addiction Test’ (Young, 1998) and the ‘Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment (Armsden &

Greenberg, 1987) were adapted in Bangla and were used to measure adolescent’s internet

addiction and parental attachment respectively. Good psychometric properties such as

reliabilities and convergent validity were found for both adapted scales. Factors were extracted

for both adapted scales through factor analysis. A significant negative correlation was found

between parental attachment and different internet addiction intensities. Adolescents’ internet

addiction was influenced by both parental attachments. Overall model shows that adolescents

with higher level of parental attachment were less addicted to internet. Gender, residence, and

mother’s occupation were found to be the most significant demographic predictors of

adolescents’ internet addiction. The study has described parental attachment relevant to internet

addictionof adolescents, calls on the policy makers and psychologists to formulate any adjustive

policy demands needed for them. Implications for future research are discussed.

Keywords: adolescents, internet addiction, parental attachment

30. Impact of Psychosocial Counseling on Mental Health of Pregnant Women

Md. Shaheen Mollah and Dristy Moni Howlader


The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of psychosocial counseling on mental

health of pregnant women. The sample consisted 30 pregnant women who were conveniently




22

selected from different maternity ward of hospitals in Dhaka city. Mental health status of

pregnant women was examined before and after the counseling. The t test shows that significant

mean difference of Depression, GHQ-28, Anxiety, and Life Stress in different condition of

psychosocial counseling. Mean difference in depression scores ( t = 10.72, p < .001), GHQ-

Somatoform scores (t = 5.37, p< .001), Social dysfunction scores ( t = 6.51, p< .001 ), GHQ

scores ( t = 6.83, p< .001 ), Anxiety scores ( t = 8.27, p< .001 ) and in Life Stress scores (t =

5.98, p< .001). Positive significant correlation was found before and after counseling stages

among age, duration of marital life, income, depression, life stress, anxiety and different

subscales of general health questionnaire.

Keywords: psychosocial counseling, mental health

31. Adaptation of the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and Scale for the

Assessment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia in Bangladesh

Liza Akter1, Farzana Akter Srabony1, Farah Deeba1 and Sanjit Roy2

1Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka 2Department of Population Science, University of Dhaka

Schizophrenia, the most complicated psychiatric disorder, takes not only a huge toll on the

patients’ life but on their family members as well. Correct identification of the problem is the

first step to design appropriate intervention for the sufferers. In developed countries use of

psychometric tools to assess the symptoms of schizophrenic patients is a regular practice,

whereas there is no such a reliable and valid measure to assist mental health professionals in

Bangladesh. Hence in the current study two widely used measures, SAPS and SANS were

administered on 170 Bangladeshi schizophrenic patients to determine the psychometric

properties of the measures. Exploratory factor analysis, reliability and validity analyses were

carried out on the data. We identified a two-factor model for the SAPS and SANS on the total

nine global items, indicting two specific factors (positive and negative) of the measures. Both

SAPS and SANS showed high internal consistency and all items were significantly correlated

with each other and with the total scores as well. It can be suggested that the measures are useful

for assessing symptoms of schizophrenia with any Bangladeshi adult living in any community,

although further and more extensive research are warranted.

Keywords: schizophrenia, assessment, SAPS, SANS, Bangladesh

32. An Evaluation ofthe Quality of Multiple Choice Questions on Secondary School Certificate

Examination in Bangladesh

Muhammad Kamal Uddin, Tasnuva Tazrin Mullick, and Nasrin Nahar


Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) constitute about 35-40% of total marks in the Secondary

School Certificate (SSC) examination in Bangladesh. The MCQs are prepared by respective

course teachers thougha few of them have formal training. The present study evaluated the

quality of MCQs by computing different indexes mainly item difficulty, item discriminability,




23

and distractor’s functionality among others. A total of 987 examinees’ (from 3 streams e.g.,

Humanities, Science, and Business) responses on 5 compulsory subjects namely Bangla 1st

paper, Bangla 2nd paper, Mathematics, Islam&Moral Education (IME), and Physical Education,

Health Science & Sports (PEHSS) were collected for evaluation. The meanitem difficulty(p)

ranges from .55 to .73 (.62, .55, .65, .62 and .73, respectively)indicating moderate to low

difficulty in questions. The item discrimination ( pbsr ) shows that it was fair for Bangla 1st paper

and PHESS (.29 and .27, respectively), good for IME (.32), and excellent for Bangla 2nd paper

and Mathematics (.42 and .44, respectively). From the distractors’ functionality perspective,the

highest percentages of functional distracters were for Bangla 2nd paper and Mathematics (100%)

followed by Bangla 1st paper and IME (97.5% and 97.37%, respectively) and the lowest for

PHESS (94.29%).The findings suggest that more care in terms of offering training for teachers in

constructing MCQs should be taken especially for Bangla 1st paper and PHESS in order to

improve the quality of assessment.

Keywords: MCQ, difficulty, discriminability, distracters’ functionality, reliability

33. Adaptation of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale

Oli Ahmed and Mohammad Alamgir Hossain


At the end of May, 2018, internet users were 86.87 million in Bangladesh (BTRC, 2018). Most

of them are using various Social Networking Sites (SNSs), such as Facebook, Twitter etc.

Among Bangladeshi SNSs users, 91.93% are using Facebook (State Counter, 2018). The present

study was designed to adapt the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) in response to the

scarcity of such an instrument in Bangladesh. The BFAS comprises of 6 items to measure six

core elements of behavioral addiction, i.e., salience, tolerance, mood modification, conflict,

relapse, and withdrawal. The BFAS was forward- and back-translated following the standard

procedures. This translated Bangla version of the BFAS was administered, after pilot testing, on

a sample of 237 respondents selected purposively and conveniently. Item analysis revealed that

all items had sufficient item-total correlation (.492-.665). The Bangla BFAS was found to have

sufficient reliabilities – Chronbach’s Alpha of .813 [.773, .847]), spilt-half reliability coefficient

of .817), and test-retest reliability of .879 [.775, .937]). The exploratory factor analysis

demonstrated a single factor structure of the measure that explained 52.43% of the variance, with

sufficient factor loadings (.663 - .805). The confirmatory factor analysis suggested acceptable

model fits for the obtained factor structure (χ2/df =1.696, CFI=.989, GFI=.984, RMSEA=.054,

and sRMR=.029). These findings suggest that the Bangla BFAS has sufficient reliability and

factorial validity and therefore can be applied to measure Facebook addiction in Bangladeshi

people.

Keywords: Facebook addiction, reliability, validity.

34. Adaptation of Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire-(Self Report Version) for Use in

Bangladesh

Ata-A-Rabby and S.M. Abul Kalam Azad




24


Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA-self report version) was pervasively used

instrument to assess the quality of life in autism in different dimension. The aim of the present

study was to adapt the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire-(self-report version) in the

context of Bangladesh. A total of 30 (11 female & 19 male) participants were selected from

various hospitals and autism school and foundation of Dhaka city. We applied the final Bangla

translated version of QoLA on a purposive sample of 30 clinical participants age ranged between

12 to 42 years. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (α=.83, p <.01) for the part 1and (α=.71, p <.01)

part 2 were statistically significant. The test-retest reliabilities were r =.48 (p<0.05) for the part

1and r = .48 (p<0.05) for part 2 of the scale. These are the relative important weights of each

dimension. Thus the Bangla version of this present scale of QoLA has the ability to provide a

stable measure to be psychometrically sound and hence suitable for use in Bangladesh. In

conclusion, Bangla version of QoLA was a reliable and valid instrument for assessing quality of

life in autism population in Bangladesh

Keywords: autism, test adaptation, quality of life

35. Psychometric Properties of the Revised Bangla Anxiety Scale for Bangladeshi Population

Depon Chandra Sarker and Farah Deeba


The present study intended to update the widely used Bangla Anxiety Scale as per anxiety

disorders criteria in DSM-5 and to reexamine its psychometric properties with Bangladeshi

population. The original Anxiety Scale, developed by Deeba and Begum (2004), is a 36-item

measure being used by various professionals in the country. We conducted the present study in

three phases. In the first phase, a panel of 10 experts including specialist clinical psychologists

and psychiatrists evaluated the revised items of the measure. The inter-rater reliability of the

scale was found high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). In a second phase, factor analyses were carried

out on the data from a sample of 87 participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders by

psychiatrists. We identified through exploratory factor analysis an 11-factor structure of the

measure. In confirmatory factor analysis, a single-factor model was identified but the model

indices were out of range of model fit indices and model was not fit properly. In a third and final

phase, reliability of the scale was examined on a sample of 147 participants (87 clinical and 60

non clinical). Split-half reliability of the scale was 0.94, the coefficient of Cronbach-alpha was

0.93 and the test-retest reliability was .50Criterion-related validity, as examined by correlating

the present Anxiety Scale with Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), was found to be.78.

Thus the Revised Anxiety Scale was found to be reliable and valid to measure anxiety disorders

in Bangladeshi culture.

Keywords: exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, validity, anxiety,

Bangladesh

36. Academic Self-efficacy, Self-regulated Learning Strategies and Academic Achievement of

Higher Secondary Students in Bangladesh




25

Anando Ghosh, Oli Ahmed, and Lailun Nahar


Recently, a serious concern has risen about the quality of education in Bangladesh. Ensuring the

quality education at all level is one of the prime visions of the present government of

Bangladesh. Academic achievement is one of the key dimensions of the quality of education.The

present was aimed to explore the relationship among academic self-efficacy, self-regulated

learning strategies, and academic achievement. The adopted Bangla version (Ghosh, Nahar, &

Ahmed, 2018) of the Academic Self-efficacy Scale (ASES: Owen & Froman, 1988) and the

Meta-cognitive self-regulated learning strategy subscale of the Bangla (Ahmed, Khanam, &

Asad, 2014) Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaires (MSLQ: Pintrich, Smith, Garcia,

& McKeachie, 1991) were administered on a sample of 230 higher secondary students of

Bangladesh. The study sample was selected through non-probability sampling techniques

(convenience, and purposive sampling). Results showed significant gender differences in self-

regulated learning strategies, and academic achievement. Results also showed significant

correlation among academic self-efficacy, self-regulated learning strategy, and academic

achievement. Regression analysis explored that the academic self-efficacy (β=.286, p<0.001),

and self-regulated learning strategy (β=.486, p<0.001) were strong predictors of academic

achievement and these explained 60% variance of it. The conditional process analysis suggested

this relationship was moderated by gender (moderated mediation).Findings of this study would

be helpful to introduce the program that that might increase students’ self-efficacy, and use of

self-regulated learning strategy to ensure the quality education.

Keywords: academic self-efficacy, self-regulated learning, academic achievement

37. Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Bank Officers in Relation to Job Attitudes

Sanjida Afrin and Noor Muhammad


The present study explored the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

and job attitudes of the bank officers. A questionnaire package comprising of Organizational

Citizenship Behavior Scale, Job Involvement Scale, Organizational Commitment Scale, Job

Satisfaction Scale, and a Personal Information Form (PIF) were administered on sample of 200

bank officers (100 govt. & 100 non govt.) selected purposively from different banks in Dhaka

city of Bangladesh. The obtained data were analyzed by applying Pearson product moment

correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses through SPSS version 20. Results indicated

that job attitudes namely job satisfaction (r = .425, p< .01), organizational commitment (r = .497,

p< .01) and job involvement (r = .332, p< .01) were significantly and positively correlated with

OCB.The findings of multiple regression indicated that job satisfaction, organizational

commitment and job involvement can individually and jointly predict OCB where organizational

commitment was the strongest predictor of OCB. R2 change indicated that 24.7% of variance in

OCB was accounted for the organizational commitment. R2 also indicated that the three

dimensions of job attitudes were jointly explained 31.2% of variance in OCB. However, the




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findings of the present study suggested that achieving the organizational goal(s) required more

committed, involved and satisfied executives.

Keywords: organizational citizenship behavior, job attitudes, job satisfaction, job involvement,

organizational commitment

38. Factors Influencing Consumers Buying Motive

Arobindu Dash and Mollika Roy

United International University, Dhaka

Now-a-days marketers give much more attention to understand their target consumers’ motive

more insightfully. The aim of the present study was to explore the factors that influence

consumer buying motive. This research was also tried to solve the theoretical conflict between

‘theories of multiple intelligence’ (rational motive focused abstract reasoning) versus ‘gestalt

principles’ (emotional motive focused abstract reasoning). ‘Abstract Reasoning’ of Differential

Aptitude Test and Consumer Buying Motive Measurement Questionnaire (Roy et. al., 2018)

were used in this study with some demographic variables. A total of 406 consumers were

conveniently used in this study were selected from three divisions of Bangladesh by following

cross-sectional survey research design. We found significant correlations (rpb) among the

variables. The full logistic regression model containing all the three predictors (abstract

reasoning, gender and perceived social status) was statistically significant. We found that a

rational consumer has 12.7 times higher abstract reasoning capacity than an emotional consumer.

A male consumer is about two times more likely to have rational buying motive than a female

consumer. A lower social class consumer is about 2.6 times more likely to have rational motive

than upper social class consumers. In consumers motive based on utilitarian and affective

categories, male consumers’ motive is significantly different from female consumers. These

findings support ‘dual process theory’ based on ‘theories of multiple intelligence’ instead of

‘gestalt principles’. This study opens the door of further research on consumer buying motive.

Keywords: motivation, consumers’ buying motive, dual process theory, abstract reasoning

39. A Comparative Study on Adaptive Behavior of Neuro developmental Disordered Children

and Normal Children

Lutfun Naher


The aim of the present study was to assess the adaptive behavior of normal children and children

with neuro-developmental disability (ASD and ADHD). A total of 80 respondents constituted the

sample of the study. Among them 40 were normal children and 40 were children diagnosed with

neuro-developmental disorder (20 ASD and 20 ADHD). Normal children aged from 5 to 21

years old were selected by purposive sampling technique from different schools in Chittagong

City and children with neuro-developmental disorder were also the same age range and selected

from six different autistic and special schools in Chittagong City by the same technique. The

measuring instrument used in this study was Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II, Parent




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Form (Harrison & Oakland, 2003). There were 211 items which were categorized in nine skill

areas namely Communication, Community Use, Functional Academics, Home living, Health and

Safety, Leisure, Self-Care, Self-direction and Social skill. Cross sectional method was used here.

The data were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test analysis

and one way ANOVA. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between normal

children and children with neuro-developmental disorder. That means normal children had more

adaptive skill than children with neuro-developmental disorder in terms of above mentioned skill

areas. Results also reveal that particular ASD and ADHD children group had poor adaptive skill

as compared to normal children and they vary statistically. ANOVA table showed that there was

no significant difference in blood groups regarding nine skill areas score of normal children and

children with neuro-developmental disorder in terms of between groups and within groups.

Keywords: adaptive behavior, neuro-developmental disorders (ASD, ADHD)

40. Interparental Conflict, Self-Concept, Anxiety and Anger among Adolescents

Nushrat Armin and Muhammad Kamal Uddin


Parents have immense influence on the development of a child. The present study was designed

to explore the relation of inter-parental conflict with self-concept, anxiety and anger among

adolescents. A sample of 140 adolescents (age ranged 10-14 years old) was selected purposively

from Comilla City. The Adapted Bangla version (Uddin, 2013) of the Children’s perception of

interparental conflict scale (Grych, Seid, & Finchman, 1990), the adapted Bangla version of

(Uddin, Haque, & Shimul, 2011) the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social

Impairment (Beck, Beck, & Jolly 2001) were administered on the study sample for collecting

necessary data. The obtained data were analyzed by using Pearson product moment correlation

coefficient and independent sample t-test. Correlation analysis indicated that interparental

conflict had significant positive correlations with anxiety, anger, and significant negative

correlation with self concept among adolescents. Results also revealed that there were significant

gender differences in interparental conflict, self concept, anxiety, and anger among adolescents.

Keywords: inter-parental conflict, self concept, anxiety, anger

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