15 gi inflam disorders
DESCRIPTION
Credits to Mr. Jefferson RamosTRANSCRIPT
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Acute Inflammatory DisordersDisturbances in
Metabolism
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HEPATITIS
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• Marked by:– Hepatocellular destruction– Necrosis– Autolysis
• Prognosis is poor if edema and end-stage liver disease develops
Hepatitis
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Hepatitis A B C D E
A.K.A Infectious Hepatitis
Serum Hepatitis
Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis
Cause HAV HBV HCV HDV HEV
Mode of Transmis-sion
Fecal-oral; food-borne;Water-bourne; person-to-person contact
Parenteral; sexual; perinatal
Blood transfusions and parapher-nalia; sex with infected partner
Same as HBV
Fecal-oral
S/Sx
Flu-like(Pre-Icteric Phase; Icteric Phase)
With or without symptoms
Similar to HBV; less severe and anicteric
Similar to HBV
Similar to HAV; severe in pregant
Prognosis
Mild with recovery
may be severe; Risk for cirrhosis
Risk for hepatic cancer
Similar to HBV
Similar to HAV
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Virus infect liver-interlobular infiltration
Necrosis and hyperplasia of kuffer cells
Failure of the bile to reach intestine in normalamount
Obstructed jaundice s/sx: dark urine, pale feces, itchness
Liver cell damageNecrosis and autolytic type destroy
parenchyma
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VIRAL HEPATITIS• Assessment : s/sx
• Prodromal / Preicteric»S – symptoms of URTI»W – weight loss»A – anorexia , chills , fever»R – right upper quadrant pain»M – malaise
• Icteric»J – jaundice»A – acholic stool»B – bile colored urine ( tea colored)
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APPENDICITIS
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VIRAL HEPATITIS
• Nursing Mgt• Isolation of patient ( enteric isolation)• Standard precaution• Patient should be encouraged to rest during acute
or symptomatic phase• Improved nutritional status• Utilize appropriate measures to minimize spread of
the disease
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VIRAL HEPATITIS• Nursing Mgt
• Observe patient for Melena and check stool for the presence of blood
• Provide optimum eye and oral care• Increase in ability to carry out activities
– Encourage the patient to limit activity when fatigued– Assist the client in planning period of rest and activity– Encourage gradual resumption of activities and mild exercise during recovery
• PREVENTION AND CONTROL– Handwashing every after use of toilet– Travelers should avoid water and ice if unsure of their purity– Educate on the mode of transmission of the disease.
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• Monitor patient’s weight daily, and record fluid intake and output
• Observe stools for consistency and amount and record bowel movement
• Tell the client not to consume alcohol or use nonprescription drugs for 1 year
Special Considerations
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APPENDICITIS
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APPENDICITISPathophysiology:
Lumen of appendix - obstructed
Increased pressure in lumen of appendix
Restricted blood flow
Inflammation
Mucosa continues to secrete fluid
InfectionHypoxia Gangrene
PerforationPERITONITIS
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APPENDICITIS
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APPENDICITIS
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APPENDICITIS
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APPENDICITIS
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APPENDICITIS
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APPENDICITIS
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PANCREATITIS
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PANCREATITIS
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ACUTE PANCREATITIS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY• Spasm, edema or block in the Ampulla of Vater reflux of proteolytic enzymes auto digestion of the pancreas inflammation
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PANCREATITIS
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PANCREATITIS
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CHOLECYSTITIS
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CHOLECYSTITIS
Colleen C. Flores, RN
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CHOLECYSTITIS
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CHOLECYSTITIS
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