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15 th century farming 18 th century farming the agricultural revolution

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WHAT CHANGED???? 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

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Page 1: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

WHAT CHANGED????

15TH CENTURY FARMING

18TH CENTURY FARMING

THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Page 2: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

PRIOR TO THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

OPEN FIELD SYSTEM

• Cooperative plowing

• Conserved the quality of land

• Balanced distribution of good land

• Farmers were part of a “team”

• Gleaning

What are the positives and

negatives to this system?

Page 3: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Page 4: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

ENCLOSUREEach landowner

received a single piece of property

No common lands

Open Field System

How was Enclosure better than the Open Field

System?

Page 5: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Page 6: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

ENCLOSURELarge Land Owners

Had the political strength to pass The Enclosure Law

Owned large unified farms under this systemFarming was more efficientDidn’t need consent of the village to

experiment with new crop methods

Page 7: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

ENCLOSURESmall Landowners

FORCED OFF THEIR LANDCould not afford the:

Required fencingA team of oxen

Could no longer glean or gather woodSold plots to large landowners:

Forced to Rent orWork for someone else

Increasing the # of men looking for work

Page 8: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

NEW TECHNOLOGYMinus the restrictions of the

Open Field System – new technology and new farming techniques were implemented.

http://www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/flyingpast/images/Exploring_Cornwalls_Past/Farms/Enclosed_settlements/st_mawgan.jpg
Page 9: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

The Seed Drill – Jethro Tull

Planted seed in neat rows

Improved germination

Reduced amount of seed used in planting

Page 10: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

THE SEED DRILL

Page 11: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Additional Machines Horse-drawn cultivator – Jethro Tull Cast-iron plow (1797) – American Charles Newbold Reaper – Englishman Joseph Boyce (1799) and American Cyrus

McCormic (1834) Self-cleaning steel plow – John Deere(1837) Thresher – separated grain from stalk Harvester – cut and bind grain Combine - cut, thresh, and sack grain Tractor – pulled equipment through the field Corn planter Potato digger Electric milker Cotton picker

Page 12: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Scientific Agriculture

Crop Rotation Viscount Charles

“Turnip” Townsend Alternating grain

crops: wheat and barley, with soil enriching crops: turnips and clovers.

No longer had to leave land fallow

Scientific Breeding 1725-1795 Selective breeding of

animals Produced more and

better animals Produced more milk

and meat

Page 13: 15 TH CENTURY FARMING 18 TH CENTURY FARMING THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

The Effects of the Agricultural Revolution

1. Agricultural production increased

2. Cost of foodstuffs dropped

3. Increased production of food resulted in part, in a rapid growth of population

4. Large farms, using machines and scientific methods, began to dominate agriculture

5. Number of small farms began to decline

6. The number of farmers, in proportion to total population, decreased sharply

7. Many farmers moved to the cities

8. The population of cities increased rapidly

9. Farmers found their work less difficult because machines performed the back breaking labor

10. Farming changed from a self-sufficient way of life to big business


Farming in the 21st Century a practical approach to

Mies Van Der Rohe Modernism Late 19 th Century/Early 20 th Century

The belgian congo THE BELGIAN CONGO The Late 19 th Century The Early 20 th Century The Late 19 th Century The Early 20 th Century

Art of the Late 19 th Century and early 20 th Century

Farming for the 21st Century - Department of Primary ... · Farming for the 21st Century Overview An HSC Elective Farming for the 21st Century is one of three electives offered in

16 th , 17 th , 18 th Century Social History

18 th -19 th Century Russia

18 th Century

21st Century Aquaculture from empirical farming towards a knowledge-based biotechnology 21st Century Aquaculture from empirical farming towards a knowledge-based

Mies Van Der Rohe Modernism Late 19 th Century/Early 20 th Century

20 th Century World Wars Conflict of Ideology Trends in 20 th Century

Gothic Art History 12 th century – 15 th century Architecture

Furniture Design Influences: 18 th Century Europe Early 19 th Century Europe Early 19 th Century North America Mid 19 th Century Anglo-American Late 19

Topic 13 Modern Christianity I.17 th century II.18 th century III.19 th century IV.20 th century

A Business Model for the 21st century Farming in the Desert Mohamed Sultan ILO Conference, Social Entrepreneurship, Cairo, Egypt 20 th November, 2015

English Poetry Level III 17 th -Century Poetry 18 th -Century Poetry Romantic Poetry

Problems Teenagers Face: Modesty. Modest Clothing Styles Change 19 th Century 20 th Century

18 th century is about human reason 19 th century is about emotion

The Age of Discovery Early 15 th Century to 17 th Century

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE The Age of Exploration: 15 th Century- 17 th Century

A Classroom in the 19 th Century A Classroom in the 20 th Century

14 th century

EUROPE OF THE 18 TH CENTURY. SOCIETY OF THE 18 TH CENTURY

Nomadic heritage (before the 10-th century) Renaissance upheaval (15-th century) Turkish period (16-17-th centuries)

Baroque Late 16 th Century to Early 18 th Century

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL = 16 TH CENTURY DUTCH REPUBLIC, FRANCE, ENGLAND = 17 TH CENTURY

Twelfth-Century Knights. 13 th -Century Knight (Crusader

van Leeuwenhoek (17 th century) de Graaf (17 th century) Early 19 th century – blending theory

Geography of Its History Chinese 2 nd century Bagdad (8 th ?) Spain & Sicily (10 th – 12 th century) France & Germany (15 th century, printing revolution)

18 th & 19 th Century Artistic Innovations

Renaissance Art in Rome Renaissance 1420-16 th century Baroque 17 th century Neoclassicism 18 th century Early Renaissance 1420-1500c High Renaissance

Epidemic Diseases of the 19 th Century. The Demographic Context 19 th century experienced explosion of endemic & epidemic diseases19 th century experienced

The 20 th Century: The people’s century

Rise of Industrialism End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S. became industrialized End of 19 th century, beginning of 20 th century U.S

19 th and 20 th Century