15 they came from - cwls · [email protected] treasurer simon corti, p.eng. box 549 beiseker,...

CWLS MagazineMay 2010 Issue 1 Volume 29

21 Application of Pulsed Neutron Elemental SpectroscopyMeasurements in Heavy Oil Reservoir Evaluation

15 They Came fromOuter Space

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Cover Photos/Graphics credits: G. D. Ferguson et al, NASA/JPLhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/. Photo from http://www.nassaimages.org/

Photos: If you have a photos that the CWLS can use on its next InSite please send a high resolution jpeg format version to [email protected] or [email protected]. Include a short description of the photo with your submission.

CWLS Magazine May 2010

InSiteTable of Contents

15 They Came from Outer Space

21 Application of PulsedNeutron ElementalSpectroscopyMeasurements in HeavyOil ReservoirEvaluation

25 CWLS TechnicalLuncheon

27 “No Such Thing asObjective Truth”

30 Membership – We havecome a long way…

32 Upcoming Events

2 Vice President’s Message

3 CWLS 2010 – 2011 Executive

4 New Members

5 The CWLS and the InSite Magazine areGOING GREEN!

6 CWLS 2010 AnnualMeeting Photo Gallery

8 CWLS Luncheon Reviews

13 Geoskills Day 2010 LetsKeep Those Contacts Alive!

14 CWLS Best Thesis Student Award

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All material in this magazine is copyright © CWLS, unlessotherwise indicated. Unauthorizeduse, duplication or publicationprohibited without permission fromthe CWLS.

The InSite is an informal magazinewith technical content. The materialis not subject to peer review. Theopinions expressed are those of theindividual authors.

Editors:Agus Kusuma and Nabil Al-Adani

Layout and Design:Connections Desktop Publishing

Advertising:Tyler Maksymchuk (403) 261-1258 Tyler.Maksymchuk@

can.apachecorp.com

Proof Readers:Robert Bercha, Kathy Chernipeski

Contributors:Dave Shorey, Kathy Chernipeski,Jeffrey Dickson, Cory MacNeill,Nabil Al-Adani, E. Ross Crain,Grant D. Ferguson, Amer Hanif,David Jacobi and Gary Drebit.

The CWLS InSite is printed byLittle Rock Document Services Ltd.of Calgary, Alberta, Canada fourtimes annually which is included as apart of your yearly membership fees.

Issue 1 Volume 29

The 2010 - 2011 CWLS Executive:Back row (l - r): Simon Corti, Vern Mathison, Dave Shorey, Brian Glover, Harold HovdeboFront row (l - r): Kathy Chernipeski, Agus Kusuma, Nabil Al-Adani, Maggie Malapad

CANADIAN WELL LOGGING SOCIETY

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Vice President ’s Message

The executive and many volunteers have worked hard duringthis challenging year to keep the CWLS running smoothly andthe technical quality high. The Primary duties of the CWLSVice President are: organize and find speakers for the monthlytechnical luncheons; organize short courses or other specialtechnical meetings; organize the Fall Social and organize theAnnual General Meeting.

The luncheon talks were successful in 2009; though under-standably not as well attended as in the past with 1412 ticketssold. Average attendance for 2009 was 157 people per lunch, adecrease of 25 per lunch over 2008.

Luncheon talks organized by this year’s executive were:

• Mar 18, 2009 David Jacobi Geologist/Geochemist/Mineralogist, Baker/INTEQ “An integrated petrophysicalCharacterization of Shale gas Reservoirs”

• April 08, 2009 W.P. Gwozd Vice President, Gas Services,Ziff Energy Group “Full Cycle Costs of Natural Gas”

• May 13, 2009 Keith Shanley Geologist, Discovery Group,CO. “The Stat of fluid saturation in tight-gas reservoirs:Insights and implications from the Rocky Mountainbasins.”

• Jun 10, 2009 Russell W. Spears Petrophysicist, ExxonMobil“Development of a Predictive Tool for Estimating WellPerformance in Horizontal Shale Gas Wells in the BarnettShale, North Texas, USA”

• Sept 09, 2009 Dick Merkel Newfield Exploration Company“Shaly Sand Petrophysical Model Development in LowPorosity Sands”

• Oct 13, 2009 David C. Herrick PhD ConsultingPetrophysicist “An Unconventional Approach toUnconventional Reservoirs”

• Nov 04, 2009 Bob Everett “Petrophysicist Shale GasMethods, Free and Absorbed Gas in BGF/Section, Goodand poor Haynesville Wells, Petrophyisical Characterizationusing Nuclear Spectroscopy (ECS) Multi-Clay Model andGeological Analysis by a Maximum Likelihood System”

• Dec 09, 2009 M.A. D’Iorio, PhD Director General “GasHydrates in Canada’s North: Potential or WishfulThinking”

• Jan 13, 2010 Rong (Grace) Guo “PhD, P. Eng Shell Canada“Coal Characterization by Core-Flood, X-Ray CT andLow-Field NMR”

Most of the presentations are available as a webcast on theCWLS website.

The Fall Social at the Palliser provided great and abundantfood and superb views from the penthouse though attendancewas down from last year. The silent auction and door ticketssales raised $1,370.00 for the Children Cottage Society ofCalgary.

Finally, I would like to give a personal thank you to everyonethat helped me this year, especially our administrator AshleyPessell.

Dave Shorey,Vice President


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CWLS 2010 to 2011 Executive

PresidentDave ShoreyBaker Hughes 1000, 401 - 9th Avenue SWCalgary, AB T2P 3C5(403) 537-3786 (Office)(403) 461-5290 (Cell)[email protected]

Past PresidentVern MathisonHalliburton Wireline Services1600, 645 - 7th Avenue SWCalgary, AB T2P 4G8(403) 290-7681 (Office)(403) 354-1965 (Cell)[email protected]

Vice PresidentHarold S. HovdeboHusky Energy707 - 8th Avenue SWCalgary, AB T2P 3G7(403) 750-5058 (Office)(403) 999-2203 (Cell)[email protected]

SecretaryKathy Chernipeski, P.Geol.#21102, 665 - 8th Street SWCalgary, AB T2P 4H5(403) 444-0633 (Office)[email protected]

TreasurerSimon Corti, P.Eng.Box 549Beiseker, AB T0M 0G0(403) [email protected]

Chair of CommitteesMaggie Malapad, E.I.T.Schlumberger Data & Consulting Services525 – 3rd Avenue SWCalgary, AB T2P 0G4(403) 509-4419 (Office)[email protected]

Membership ChairBrian GloverSuncor Energy Inc.38-78, 150 - 6th Avenue SWCalgary, AB T2P 3E3(403) 296-3634 (Office)(403) 512-8897 (Cell)[email protected]

Publications Co-ChairsNabil Al-Adani, P.Eng.Suncor Energy Inc.150 - 6th Avenue SW Calgary, AB T2P 3E3(403) 296-5046 (Office)[email protected]

Agus KusumaSchlumberger Canada Ltd.525 - 3rd Avenue SWCalgary, AB T2P 0G4(403) 509-4127 (Office)(403) 852-1770 (Cell)[email protected]

Call for PapersThe CWLS is always seeking materials for publication. We are seeking both

full papers and short articles for the InSite Magazine. Please share your knowledgeand observations with the rest of the membership/petrophysical community.

Contact publication Co-chair:Agus Kusuma - [email protected] or

Nabil Al-Adani - [email protected]


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New MembersMelissa McMillan, Weatherford Canada Partnership

Sandra Bleue, BG International Limited

Robin Powell, Wrangler West Energy Corp.

Monika Pagenkopf, Compton Petroleum Corporation

Robert Blackmore, RH Blackmore & Associates Pty Ltd

Luis Guerra

Lorraine Stratkotter, Davlor Consulting

Redha Amara, Continental Labs

Bruce Keen, Halliburton

Larry Sopko, Antoinway Resources Ltd.

Giselle Haluszka, Unconventional Gas Resources

Adam Thatcher, Datalog Technology

Nasser Gomaa, BP Canada Energy

Ian Shaw, Cactus Ranch Consulting Inc

Catherine Ng, Imperial Oil

Jeffrey Dickson, Paradigm

Allan Morrison, North Rim Exploration Ltd.

Sean Johnston, Schlumberger

Andres Matheson, Weatherford Canada Partnership

Adesubomi Adesanya, Energy & Mineral Resourcs ltd.

Bogdan Batlai, Hampson-Russell

Mohamed Sweed, Repsol ypf (Remsa)

Haris Sharar, Weatherford Canada

Esther Tolani, Weatherford Canada

Ryan Cook, ME Canada

Olusanya Badejo, Weatherford

David Cailliau, EnCana Corporation

Trevor Bremner

Mohamed Hassan Abdalla, Sudapet Co. Ltd.

Carrie Dickinson, ERCB

O’niel Wint, Schlumberger

Khaled Benzaoui, Schlumberger

Tania Roenitz, Statoil Canada

Geoff Offer, Austral Wireline Services

New Members – StudentZachary BennettMohsin KhanLuiz Felipe Del NeroM. James SongSam JovanovicReis ChaseXiandi XieMichael HauerJason SandorBimo Rasyid PrawiroYu HuoDaylan MillerMichelle Ha

Andrew LiuKris ManiponMelinda YeohRohullah Hussain-ZadaNsikak A. UdottAngela MacKinnonBritany MuysKristin KrawecJohn William KisingerHassan HageJustin GouveiaSalam AllamiKara McArthur

Darus PetersonJamin LaplanteAdam WongChad GoldieBrett WillmsWilliam RichardsonNeven DimicNishad ToraneAnthony NguyenMingming WangFaisal MehmoodTodd ShieldsLuis Guerra


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Your CWLS Executive is proud to announce that we haveadopted a greener attitude towards the way we are conductingour business. We have been working towards this initiative forsome time now, especially with the introduction of our websiteand online presence, and we are continuing to move in thisgreener (and we believe) brighter and more sustainable direc-tion!

One change we are eager to implement is the way we deliverour InSite Magazine to our membership. Going forward, wewill now be providing the option for you to receive your InSiteMagazine electronically rather than by hardcopy through themail. For those who do prefer, we will be continuing our regu-lar mailout as well.

The CWLS and the InSite Magazine are

GOING GREEN! The website will shortly be updated to allow this option.Within the next couple of months, please notify us of yourpreference to receive the next InSite Magazine and followingones electronically, by logging onto the website atwww.cwls.org. Go to “my account” at the top right-hand cor-ner of the page, and then click on “Edit Your Profile”. Toggleon your preference. You may change your preference at anytime.

Note; we have uploaded past issues of the InSite Magazineonto the website as well. You can access these and other noticesand publications under Publications > Papers.

Please consider joining us in this GREEN initiative.

Sincerely,Kathy Chernipeski

Secretary


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Dick Merkel’s presentation at the September luncheon ad-dressed the issue of expanding upon shaly sandstone modelsthrough nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Focusingprimarily on Cretaceous and other Tertiary sandstones in theRocky Mountains, he has been able to measure the volume ofclay bound water (VCBW) and use it in turn to determineother shaly sandstone model parameters. In doing so he usesVCBW relationships to clarify why various instabilities exist inseveral of these models.

Shaly sandstone modeling is often plagued by the underlyingproblems associated with effectively distinguishing betweenmultiple clay types and being able to deduce their volumes fromunique log signatures. Utilizing NMR technology can directlydetermine VCBW, as well as the irreducible and free watercomponents. Because NMR tools generally have a shallowdepth of penetration, measurements for oil and gas signaturesand mud filtrate are also obtained.

When plotted against resistivity, the intercept of the VCBWdata slope line can be used to determine the resistivity of thebound water (Rwb) when VCBW equals one. Curiously, asdepth and clay type vary, the slope of this line will not change,although the intercept (Rwb) value will. Because VCBW cor-relates to porosity, once this linear relationship with resistivityis established, other parameters used in shaly sandstone modelssuch as the effective porosity, shale resistivity and both clay andshale volume can be calculated as well. However, Merkel notesthat some of the models become unstable as shale volume ap-

proaches one. At this point, the total porosity approaches theVCBW value, and so the fundamental parameter relationshipsin regards to resistivity begin to falter.

Once these issues are identified, Merkel illustrates how thesame NMR data from the reservoir portions of the well can becompared with the shaly intervals to further validate the accu-racy of the model being used. Because acquiring NMR data canbe an expensive prospect, it is important to note that the abil-ity to directly identify model parameters from a single datasuite, means that these can then be propagated to other wells inthe same field without needing to perform additional NMRruns.

Jeffrey Dickson

Shaly Sand Petrophysical Model Development in Low Porosity Sands

Tuesday, September 9th, 2009 Luncheon

Dick Merkel


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Quantitative well log analysis in reservoirs has long been dom-inated by the equations put forward by G. E. Archie in the1940s. In these equations, resistivity and porosity are used todetermine the water saturation of a reservoir. When a logarith-mic relationship was utilized to explain the data Archie wasworking with, this was a significant breakthrough and his workhas become somewhat dogmatically applied and modified inwell log analysis ever since. This is the case that Dr. David C.Herrick put forward during his presentation in October of lastyear, when he spoke on the shortcomings of applying Archie’sequation to unconventional reservoirs. Because most of thereservoirs being exploited today are not comprised lithologi-cally of “Archie-type rocks,” (i.e. those that are hydrophilic andhomogeneous with simple intergranular porosity and electricalconductivity only through pore water) the application ofArchie’s equation is therefore invalid.

As Herrick advocates, rather than modifying Archie’s equationitself, instead let him lead by example in his approach. Namely,derive an equation from the electrical data, rather than fit hisequation to data it was not designed to model. In his presenta-tion, Herrick put this to practice with several examples, notablyindicating how shale content skews resistivity measurements byacting as a surface conductor. Conductivity (the reciprocal ofresistivity) can be utilized to simplify equations, as this changesthe value range from zero to one (similar to both porosity andsaturation). In addition, the application of pore-geometric the-ory states that conductivity is a function of the geometry of thepores within the rock created through diagenetic processes and

how that geometry is affected by the degree of water saturation.In this way, conductivity can be broken down into two differ-ent categories: volumetric (porosity and water saturation) andgeometric (the pore geometric factor and its coefficient). Thesedistinctions allow the electrical information to be analyzedmuch more sensitively.

By independently modeling the relationship between resistivityand porosity (providing one exists) Herrick shows that the re-sults will provide greater accuracy than fitting somebody else’sequation to your data. In doing this, he reinforces why it is im-portant to question conventional methods rather than takingthem at face value, and the gains that can be made by doing so.

Jeffrey Dickson

An Unconventional Approach to Unconventional Reser voirs

Tuesday, October 13th, 2009 Luncheon

David Herrick


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In November, Bob Everett presented on the topic of shaly gaspetrophysics, focusing on wells in the Haynesville field. He usesone of the poorer Haynesville wells as a comparative exampleof when improperly applied petrophysical models can returncritically skewed results. He has instead proposed the combina-tion of several methods in his procedure to estimate the ad-sorbed and free gas in shale gas zones.

Bob Everett’s procedure/method is as follows: After assumingseveral parameters, perform a probabilistic clustering analysisto determine the various modes, or electrofacies, and assign acorresponding lithology to each. Then, estimate the mineralogyof each mode, and combined with other pertinent data, com-pute the wireline logs. In addition, a comparative analysis andany corresponding adjustments need to be made between theactual and computed logs, and between any core data and themodeled estimates. Throughout the entire procedure, the bal-ances of various parameter relationships can provide red flags asto whether the outputs are valid or not. Finally, the total or-ganic carbon (TOC) can be calculated from sonic-resistivity(DT) log, and compared to core TOC. An estimate of thequantity of kerogen is then used to solve for free gas and thenfor adsorbed gas.

The presence and quantity of clay minerals influences well logestimates of porosity, permeability, and water saturation. In theexample Everett presents, rugose shales falsely amplify the den-sity log; an effect that can be at least partly corrected for bycomparing the bulk density of the core with that of therecorded log to establish minimum and maximum values, re-spectively. Also, one of the major problems associated with coreX-ray diffraction (XRD) is that while clay mineral type is read-ily identified, weight percents are often critically underesti-mated. Normalizing the core XRD data to the neutron spec-troscopy log (if one is available) can potentially solve this.In the free gas calculations, it is important to note that under-estimation can occur when mixing total and effective porosityand water saturation values, rather than exclusively using thetotal values.

Overall, this procedure has great potential to be further ex-plored and expanded upon, and can be further validated by acomparison of production numbers yielded to those predicted.

Jeffrey Dickson

Shale Gas Methods, Free and Adsorbed Gas in BGF/Section, Good andPoor Haynesville Wells, Petrophysical Characterization using a NuclearSpectroscopy (ECS) Multi-Clay Model and Geological Analysis by aMaximum Likelihood System

Wednesday, November 9th, 2009 Luncheon

Bob Everett


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At December’s luncheon, Dr. John Harper discussed Dr. MarcD’Iorio’s research on gas hydrate potential in the Arctic andpresented an overview of the geopolitical, economic and socie-tal issues that Natural Resources Canada is exploring regardingthis development. In addition, the presentation highlighted theMallik field in the Northwest Territories, which currently is theonly producing gas hydrate field in the world. As a result, it hasundergone a significant degree of testing to show how con-trolled depressurization can be used to safely dissociate the nat-ural gas from the ice to the point when it can be produced.

Gas hydrates themselves are an ice-like solid composed of pri-marily methane gas molecules retained within ice, occurring incolder regions and at moderate pressure. The energy potentialof these gas hydrates is significant enough to draw comparisonsto the oil sands. The identification of stability zones betweenthe gas and the ice, illustrates that gas hydrates occur bothwithin and below the permafrost on land, and as ice-like de-posits both at and near the surface of continental marginseafloors. Looking at Canada’s north and coastal margins, gashydrate resources have the potential to be vast, but require fur-ther exploration to be proven and expanded upon. In addition,as extraction of the gas is an expensive endeavour, changingeconomic conditions will need to drive development of this un-conventional source in the same way the oil sands were. TheCouncil of Canadian Academies estimated in 2006 that thistype of push to commercialize gas hydrates is still likely twentyyears away from now, although considering that natural gas isseen as a more environmentally favourable fuel choice (com-pared to oil and coal) this is likely to garner increased interestas well.

Multiphase testing between 2001 and 2008 at the Mallik fieldin the MacKenzie Delta was very revealing in demonstratinghow controlling the reservoir pressure through conventionalmethods can be used to extract the gas. This depressurizationpresented its own unique problems in terms of reservoir stabil-ity and water production, but through modified and conven-tional techniques, these issues can be managed and sustainedgas flow reached.

This research makes it clear that while there do not appear tobe insurmountable technological or safety concerns that wouldlimit our ability to exploit this natural gas source, industry part-nership with government will be necessary to generate the cap-ital required for further exploration and development. For nowhowever, it is clear that Natural Resources Canada is focusingprimarily on the lack of regulation and policy and the economicstimulus necessary to make these production methods viable.Their goal is to help bring gas hydrate development to marketsooner rather than later and anticipate its development so thatwhen it is eventually exploited, a framework will already be inplace for industry and government.

Jeffrey Dickson

Gas Hydrates in Canada’s North: Potential or Wishful Thinking

Wednesday, December 9th, 2009 Luncheon

John Happer


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Geoskills Day 2010 Lets Keep Those Contacts Alive!

Left to right: Kyle Plante,Natalie Stephenson,Laura Pecharsky, Sean Borchertand Josh Neville

February was a busy month for geology, geophysics and Earthscience students from universities across Alberta. The third an-nual Geoskills Day Student-Industry Training Day and Mixerwas held on February 10, 2010 with huge success. GeoSkillsDay is an event held in downtown Calgary organized mainly byuniversity students from the University of Calgary, Universityof Alberta and Mount Royal University and sponsored byAPEGGA, CSPG, CSEG and CWLS. The event was createdto bridge the communication gap and provide a networking op-portunity between current university students and industryprofessionals.

This year involved an introduction from Chancellor JoanneCuthbertson of the University of Calgary on what a universityeducation can lead to, followed by lunch, a series of eight talk’soccurring in two theatres and an evening mixer which was verywell attended by industry professionals and corporate sponsors.The talk series included topics on The Hidden Responsibilitiesof the Geoscientist: Stuff We Didn’t Learn in School, by AndyWilliamson, Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring of a Heavy OilExtraction, by Peter McGillivray to Soft Skills andNetworking, by Kristy Manchul to name a few.

Additional benefits to the students involved in the planning ofGeoSkills included learning the basics of event planning, col-laborating with a team of individuals all tasked with smallerpieces of the bigger picture, experience in approaching compa-nies for sponsorship, public speaking and presentation skills,and in general learning how to balance the ever increasing re-

sponsibilities that are required by young professionals in the in-dustry. On behalf of the CSPG and CSEG I’d like to thank allof the students who were a part of the planning committee, ex-cellent work!

Moving forward into the warmer months it is important forstudents (and you too industry folks) to follow up with any con-tacts that were made. A simple email or phone call will sufficeto stay in contact, exchange information and most importantlystay updated. Everyone is aware of the challenges in the currentjob market, but don’t forget about the demographics of the cur-rent workforce; over the next 5 years there will be a significantportion of the baby-boomers opting for retirement and now isthe time to learn as much as possible from these invaluable re-sources. Anyone you know to stay in contact with, go for a cof-fee or lunch or just ask questions to stay a step ahead of the rest.It is also very important to stay connected through various on-line and published resources regarding commodity prices, in-dustry activity, hot new plays and news about company A buy-ing company B.

Not all jobs are posted at schools or online job sites; many area function of being in the right place at the right time. Initiativegets noticed, get out and be involved, volunteering is a greatway to make contacts and there are many opportunities to vol-unteer with GeoCanada 2010, for further information [email protected]

Cory MacNeill,CSPG University Outreach Committee


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CWLS Best Thesis Student Award

December 9th 2009 CWLS luncheon presentation

The CWLS best thesis student award was presented at theluncheon meeting on 9th December 2010 to Rong Grace fromUniversity of Calgary. Her thesis title was “TransportPhenomena in Coalbeds”. This work was supervised by Dr.Apostolos Kantzas.

The Canadian Well Logging Society (CWLS) announcesyearly awards for engineering and earth sciences undergraduateand graduate students in Canada. The purpose of these awardsis to raise interest and awareness of careers in petrophysics andformation evaluation. Formation evaluation and petrophysicsare the studies of rocks and their fluid properties as they per-tain to the oil and gas industry.

Two $2,000 awards will go to students who submit abstractproposals of a thesis that critically examines some aspects ofwell logging, formation evaluation or petrophysics. Abstractsshould be submitted to the CWLS in their final year of study.The CWLS will select award winners by March 31 of eachyear. An additional $5,000 will be awarded for the best thesisrelated to formation evaluation and submitted to CWLS upongraduation. The final thesis can be submitted at any time in the

year of graduation. The award winner will be selected inJanuary of the following year. The winner of this award will beinvited at the expense of the CWLS to make a presentation ata lunch meeting of CWLS in Calgary.

Nabil Al-AdaniPublication Co-Chairs


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They Came from Outer Space

E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng.Spectrum 2000 Mindware1 - 403 - 845 - 2527 [email protected]

The Longest Log

As of February 1, 2009, Voyager 1 is about 108.60 AU(16.247 billion km, or 10.095 billion miles) from the Sun(add 0.32 billion mi or 0.52 billion km per year). It haspassed the termination shock, entering the heliosheath,with the current goal of reaching and studying the he-liopause, the boundary of the solar system.

Introduction

A log is a record of some observation versus time or distance,presented on an X-Y coordinate graph, a written narrative, oran audio or video report. Pilots, truckers. taxi-drivers, andtourists all keep logs. So do oil well drillers and other intrepidexplorers who walk the Moon or operate robots on or nearother planets. We even have logs from interstellar space. TheVoyager 1 spacecraft, launched in Sept 1977, has recorded logsover the longest distances yet measured.

The documented geological record of the Earth is the longesttime-based record so far, unless you want to count the less-welldocumented history of the Universe beginning before the BigBang.

Trajectories of Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft as they leave thesolar system. Voyager 1 is rising above the ecliptic and Voyager2 is dropping below it. Who knows what these logging toolswill find? Pioneer 10 and 11 are leaving more slowly and in op-posite directions, but neither is still logging what they see.

To celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon-walkby Buzz Aldrin in July 1969, let’s look at the Lunar logs run 2years after that famous “Giant Leap for Mankind”.

First Logs on the Moon

Lord Kelvin’s temperature / heat flow experiments in 1846 (andonward) were duplicated by Apollo 15 astronauts on the lunarsurface in June 1971. The holes were only 1.5 to 3.2 metersdeep and the logging tool was stationary, but the results wererecorded versus depth, so these surveys are the first petrophys-ical logs recorded off planet Earth.

Apollo 17 astronauts repeated these temperature surveys andApollo 16 and 17 crews also ran surface resistivity (EM style)surveys, similar to Conrad Schlumberger’s early work inFrance.

The lunar results:“The Moon is verydry”. Golly, whowould have guessedthat? But don’t de-spair. The moon has been mapped for neutron absorp-tion and some areasabsorb neutrons bet-ter than others.Hydrogen, hydro-carbon, or water? Orsome other absorber(like iron for exam-ple)? Who knows.

Dave Scott of Apollo 15 running the first logs on the Moon in 1971

Harrison “Jack” Schmidt deploying theSurface Electrical Properties equipment(SEP) during Apollo 17 mission, 1972.

Continued on next page…


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They Came from Outer Space continued…

Below are samples of the temperature logs taken during Apollo15 in 1971.

First logs on the Moon, Apollo 15, 1971. These temperatureversus depth logs parallel similar surveys by Lord Kelvin in1869. The lunar temperature probes continued to transmit datato Earth after the astronauts left the Moon. On Terra, we werejust beginning to record logs in digital form, and were a coupleof years from sending digital logs by satellite to processing cen-ters. X’s represents projected stabilized temperature profile.

Shallow cores were taken during Apollo 15, 16, and 17 mis-sions. Rocks were also analyzed in-situ with X-Ray fluores-cence and photography. Samples of rocks were returned toEarth and subjected to myriad tests, much as we have done formany years on Earth in the oil and mineral business. Samplelunar cores are illustrated on next page.

Apollo 17 density logs measured on core samples (depths are incentimeters).

Apollo 17 temperature log, adjusted for diurnal variations, with derivedthermal conductivity log.


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First Logs on Mars

The Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe (TECP) onthe Mars Phoenix Lander was designed to measure petrophys-ical properties on and near the surface of Mars. Physical prop-erties of the near-surface of Mars were recorded during a 5month period from June to October 2008.

Phoenix was equipped with a miniature back-hoe (called theRobotic Arm or RA for short) to dig trenches and deliver soilsamples to other experiments inside the space craft. The TECP

probe was mounted onthe pivot at the RAscoop so it could bepressed into the surfacesoil or the wall of atrench.

The TECP is adaptedfrom the commercialKD-2 multi-purposeprobe made by DecagonDevices. The four-pinprobe determines elec-trical conductivity by atwo-pin LC (dielectricconstant) approach and

a redundant four-pin van der Pauw technique. The 4 pin ECmethod is similar to the Schlumberger four electrode AMNBsurface resistivity elec-trode arrangementfrom the early 1900’s.

Thermal conductivityis measured by a pulse-decay method using aheater and a thermo-couple pair embeddedin the pins.

The primary purpose of the TECP was to measure the con-centration and nature of water in Martian soils in solid, “non-


Sketches of cores taken byApollo 17 crews on the Moon,1972. Each core image is about30 to 38 cm in length. Bothdriven and drilled cores weretaken in the lunar soil.

TECP is the 4-pin device above theRobotic Arm scoop near center ofpicture, the needles are 15 mm long

Commercial version of the TECP device

Photograph of the TECP instrument (top) and with the external coverremoved to allow access to the electronics board (bottom). For each needle,the numerical designation and functionality are identified.


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They Came from Outer Space continued…

frozen,” liquid, and vapor states. Other objectives were to de-termine changes in the reservoirs of water when soil is freshlyexposed and to characterize the movement of water in and outof the soil by measuring atmospheric humidity, temperature,and wind speed above the surface. Sounds a lot like reservoirevaluation and monitoring.

There are hundreds of ASCII data files available with the re-sults of the TECP measurements, recorded versus time and dayof acquisition. None appear to have been plotted versus depthin the trenches that were dug by the robotic arm. Howeverthere are lots of images that are strikingly similar to resistivitymicroscanner images.

Phoenix was purposely placed on the Martian Arctic Plain. Itis cold there, but not impossibly so - a mere 70 C colder thanthe Canadian Arctic Islands, where we have found more than17 Tcf of natural gas. So who is ready to drill on Mars?

The meteorological station on Phoenix was designed to moni-tor changes in water abundance, dust, temperature, and othervariables in the Martian atmosphere. The Canadian SpaceAgency, York University, University of Alberta, DalhousieUniversity, Optech, and the Geological Survey of Canada de-signed and monitored the science operations of the station,which was built by Canadarm maker MacDonald Dettwilerand Associates Ltd. of Richmond, B.C.

Future Logs in Outer Space

After Phoenix comes MARTE, a stratigraphic drilling pro-gram for Mars. Mars Astrobiology Research and TechnologyExperiment (MARTE) performed a field test simulating a ro-botic drilling mission on Mars in September 2005. The exper-

True colour photo image of a Mars Phoenix trench. White areas arebelieved to be water ice, as they appear to sublimate slowly after exposureto the Martian atmosphere. Samples were processed in the ThermalEvolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA).

A log of minimum daily temperature for 120 Martian days (Sols) recordedby the Canadian built Phoenix MET station.

Prototype robotic drilling rig for Mars

iment took place in Minas de Riotinto in southwestern Spain,a highly relevant Mars analog site. The experiment utilized a 10m class dry auger coring drill, a robotic core sample handlingsystem, onboard science and life detection instruments, and aborehole inspection probe, all of which were mounted to a sim-ulated lander platform.

The prototype robot drilling/coring/logging machine reached10 meters. Plans for 100 meter capability are in the works. Theobjective is to advance the search for life on Mars, but wherethere is life, there is a possibility of hydrocarbons. There ismethane in the Martian atmosphere and spectroscopy mappingindicates carbonate rocks, as well as the more obvious lava,dust, and other sediments. Interested parties can apply fordrilling concessions.

MARTE can drill, core, and run neutron and fluorescence logs.Neutron logs see water and ice; fluorescence logs see bacteria.The Ames tool is so sensitive, it can see a single bacterium. Thecore samples can be analyzed on the drilling platform, thenstacked for future examination. The remote sensing core ana-lyzer can face or saw core samples, run spectrography, and pre-pare powder samples.

The borehole inspection system (BHIS) runs the neutronprobe, a panoramic microscopic imager, and spectrometer. Theborehole neutron log (BneuP) measures both thermal and ep-ithermal neutron count rates. A surface version of the tool, tobe carried on a Mars rover, is called (you guessed it) SneuP. Itis intended as a dowsing machine, looking for hidden near sur-face water or ice deposits.

It’s all real and working (almost). We just have to get it thereand get to work.


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References

All image credits: NASA/JPL http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/

Moon Logshttp://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/as15psr.pdfhttp://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/as16psr.pdfhttp://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a17/as17psr.pdf

Mars Logshttp://an.rsl.wustl.edu/phx/psearch.htmhttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/phoenix/main/index.html

Future Mars Logswww.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/exploringtheuniverse/marsdrill.htmlwww.nasa.gov/centers/ames/multimedia/images/2005/mart-edrill.htmlwww.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/leagilewg2008/presentations/oct31am/Stoker4010.pdf

Sample of a BneuP log run in a manmade ice / soil test pit.

About the Author

E. R. (Ross) Crain,P.Eng. is a ConsultingPetrophysicist and aProfessional Engineerwith over 45 years ofworlswide experience inintegrated petrophysicalanalysis

Ross is an HonouraryMember and Past

President of the Canadian Well Logging Society(CWLS), a Member of Society of Professional WellLog Analysts (SPWLA), and a RegisteredProfessional Engineer with Alberta ProfessionalEngineers, Geologists and Geophysicists(APEGGA).


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Application of Pulsed Neutron Elemental SpectroscopyMeasurements in Heavy Oil Reser voir Evaluation

Grant D. FergusonBaker Hughes, Calgary, Canada

Amer HanifBaker Hughes, Calgary, Canada

David Jacobi, Matt Bratovich, Brian LeCompte Baker Hughes, Houston, USA

Introduction

A new generation elemental spectroscopy tool – FormationLithology Explorersm (FLeXsm ), which utilizes a pulsed neu-tron source, permits the measurement of gamma rays emittedby both inelastic and capture interactions with neutrons in aformation. The combination of both inelastic and capture spec-tra allows the quantification of additional elements includingMg, Al and C that would not be available from capture dataalone. The RockViewsm expert analysis software utilizes theresults from the FLeX device and Spectralog II to determineformation lithology and mineralogy. In certain types of reser-voirs the amount of elemental carbon measured exceeds theamount necessary for the mineralogy of the rock itself and ispresented as ‘excess carbon’. The measurement of carbon anddetermination of excess carbon along with mineralogy has ap-plications for heavy oil reservoirs.

Theory and/or Methodology

Pulsed neutron tools have been used in the cased hole environ-ment for estimating hydrocarbon content in the formationsince Dresser Atlas a predecessor company of Baker Atlas in-troduced the technology to the industry in 1963. The theory ofthe measurement is well known and in common use in the in-dustry, so only a brief discussion of the theory of the measure-ment will be given here.

The application of this technology in a wireline tool designedfor use in open hole permits the use of a much larger detector.This improves the count rates of the gamma rays emitted fromneutron interactions with the elements present in the forma-tion. The energy levels of the gamma rays are characteristic ofthe elemental nuclei with which the neutrons interact. In theopen hole environment where the sonde is placed immediatelyopposite the formation and shielding is applied to the tool min-imizing borehole effects a direct spectroscopy measure of theelements in the formation can be made. Detailed information

on the tool theory, design and processing can be found in thePemper et al paper “A New Pulsed Neutron Sonde forDerivation of Formation Lithology and Mineralogy”, SPE102770, presented in San Antonio in 2006.

From the inelastic spectrum the new Formation LithologyExplorer (FLeX) is able to uniquely provide a formation weightpercentage of formation elemental carbon (C). In addition thetool produces measures of Magnesium (Mg) and Aluminium(Al) that are much more robust than were previously availableto the industry. These measures when combined with the ele-ments that are quantifiable through the use of the capture spec-tra permit for a more robust estimation of the lithology andmineralogy of the formation.

The RockView interpretation methodology differs from previ-ous methods in that it employs a sequential approach system-atically building upon initial estimates. Using the elementalweight fractions as input, the interpretation system first definesa general lithology for each record then follows a more detailedclassification of a specific lithology. Mineralogy is then system-atically determined for each record by sequentially using themeasured elemental weight fractions that are available. Theprocess obeys the principles of mineral stoichiometry.Interpretations from the RockView software are based solelyon the measured geochemistry and do not require input fromother wireline logging devices. The system can be easily modi-fied to account for unique basin or formation lithology and / ormineralogy. The resulting mineralogy from RockView can thenbe included with additional logging measurements for furtherpetrophysical evaluation and reservoir characterization.

The elemental weight fraction of carbon is one output of theFLeX tool. Carbon may occur as part of the dry rock matrix orin the pores. The RockView processing determines the amountof the measured carbon that is required as a component of thedry rock mineral components of each record. Any remainingcarbon fraction is classified as “excess” carbon. This ability toquantify the amount of carbon and excess carbon can be usedin numerous ways depending upon the operator’s particularproduction and formation issues. In the Heavy Oil environ-ment the tool can provide uniquely a direct measure of the in-situ bitumen weight percentage of the formation.



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Application of Pulsed Neutron Elemental Spectroscopy continued…

Oil Sand Applications of FLeX

The FLeX tool and RockView service have been run on anumber of wells in the oil sand environment of north eastAlberta, to investigate applications of the technology. FLeXlogs were run along with more traditional wireline services andthe well bores were additionally full bore cored. Wells includeddelineation wells from both SAGD and surface mining areas.What we have seen suggests at least two applications for the oilsands environment.

Bitumen Quantification

The bitumen weight of the oil sands can be largely defined bythe amount of elemental carbon in place. In the relatively un-cemented sands where little carbonate material exists virtuallyall the elemental carbon measured is tied up in the bitumen.The elemental weights of Carbon (12) and Hydrogen (1) cou-pled with their relative abundance in the heavy HC chains ofbitumen result in bitumen having an average carbon weight of83 to 87%. Remaining elemental weights are made up of hy-drogen at 10%, sulphur from 1 to 5% with the remaining 1 to2% being largely comprised of oxygen and nitrogen.Consequently, the formation carbon percentage weight deter-mined from FLeX and the RockView interpretation productprovides a direct indication of the bitumen weight fraction ofthe in-situ formation.

Figures TS-1 and TS-2 below show core photos along side thecorresponding FLeX and RockView product. Where the car-bon curve reads high you can see high bitumen content fromthe photos. Likewise where the carbon curve reads lower, leanzones are apparent in the photos.

The zone pictured in the core photos area highlighted in thered box on the wireline logs capture 4.8 meters of interval.

Conventional Log Analysis Methods VersusFLeX

The carbon weight fraction from the FLeX and RockViewservices provide a more direct and likely more accurate measureof the bitumen weight then is available from conventional wire-line log analysis. The shallow burial of the bitumen deposits hasresulted in highly variable formation water resistivity both withdepth and in lateral extent. By measuring the elemental carbondirectly, a more robust estimate of the bitumen content can beobtained independent of any variance in formation water resis-tivity.

Figure TS-3a shows core photos from two adjacent zones fromthe same well along with a conventional log display showinggamma ray, induction, neutron porosity, and formation density.Notice how similar the resistivity, density, and neutron porosity

Figure TS-1. Bitumen Rich Zone Elemental Formation WeightPercentage

Figure TS-2. Bitumen Lean Zone Elemental Formation WeightPercentage

Figure TS-3a. Gamma Resistivity Neu / Den


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curves appear in the two highlighted zones (indicated by thered boxes). One might be hard pressed to pick which zone be-longs to which photo let alone do a volumetric analysis of thebitumen in place from the well logs that would match the dra-matic difference in content evident in the core photos.

When the RockView product is compared to the same photosin Figure TS-3b below, one can clearly identify the correlationof the two zones with the upper core box being associated withthe lower zone and vice versa. Additionally, one would havemore confidence in the relative bitumen weight percentagesthan could be obtained using conventional well log interpreta-tion using Archie’s formula.

The Carbon weight percentages of the RockView product ap-plied to wells in strip mine locations agree favourably with pub-lished bitumen weight assays from the current mining projectsunderway in the area as published by the Alberta EnergyResources Conservation Board.

In Figure TS-4 we compare the bitumen grades being recordedat the current operating mines against the Carbon weight frac-tion from the RockView product in one of the higher- gradezones in the wells logged.

In figure TS-5 we have a comparison of the excess carboncurve, calculated with the RockView product provided to thecustomer with in days of logging, against Dean Stark bitumenweight percentage from core.

Elemental Formation Weight Percentage

Considering the difference in the volumes measured with thesetwo methods, a few ml with this Dean Stark core analysis com-pared to a few tens of litres with the FLeX tool, the agreementhere is quite good. In fact, the in-situ carbon measurementfrom the wireline tool, averaged over a much larger volume canprovide a more robust answer than Dean Stark in zones withvariable mud / shale inclusions dependent upon their lateral ex-tent from the well bore.

Figure TS-3b. Elemental Formation Weight Percentage TOP

Figure TS-4. Elemental Formation Weight Percentages

Figure TS-5 Bitumen Weight percent from Dean Stark (red curve)overlain Excess Carbon from the RockView Service (green infill)



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Application of Pulsed Neutron Elemental Spectroscopy continued…

In Figure TS-6 below is an example of where the RockViewproduct provides a robust answer for Bitumen weight percent-age where no core is recovered. Operators looking to reducetheir future coring costs in areas where the mineralogy is wellknown may wish to consider the replacement of core with thiswireline generated product

Other Possible Applications

Apart from the silica and carbon measurements the tool alsocaptures elemental measures for sulphur and titanium. Somelogs recorded to date have revealed a general increase of theseelements with depth in the zone. These elements are known toincrease with viscosity of the bitumen as part of the biodegra-dation process. It may well be that some ratio of these elementsto the carbon curve may be able to be indexed to viscosity.Bitumen viscosity measured from the core on these wells areundergoing laboratory measurement currently and may be partof a future paper on viscosity including NMR measurementsmade in the same well bores.

Conclusions

The introduction of a pulsed neutron spectroscopy measure-ment designed for the open hole environment allows a morecomprehensive measurement of common formation elementsincluding a direct measure of carbon. This additional informa-tion can be input into a new expert system interpretation soft-ware that provides a better definition of the lithology and min-eralogy than has been previously available to the industry fromwireline measurements.

This measurement of carbon and calculation of excess carbonweight fractions permit a more robust determination of bitu-men in place than was previously available from well logs alone.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the operating companies who havepermitted us to present data from their wells and Baker Hughesmanagement for permission to publish this paper. In additionwe appreciate the contribution of Richard Pemper and theother members of the FLeX development team at BakerHughes and Jason Chen of Baker Hughes INTEQ for his in-put on heavy oil reservoirs.

Figure TS-6 Lower Part of zone containing High Carbon contentmissing from core Elemental Formation Weight Percentage

25

CWLS EXECUTIVE 2010 – 2011

PRESIDENT: Dave Shorey PAST PRESIDENT: Vern Mathison VICE PRESIDENT: Harold Hovdebo SECRETARY: Kathy Chernipeski .cnI TInalP nepO ygrenE yksuH notrubillaH sehguH rekaB

:NOSREPRIAHC-OC NOITACILBUP :NOSREPRIAHC-OC NOITACILBUP :NOSREPRIAHC PIHSREBMEM itroC nomiS :RERUSAERT regrebmulhcS - amusuK sugA ygrenE rocnuS – inada-lA libaN ygrenE rocnuS – revolG nairB sesirpretnE SSOCLA

CHAIR OF COMMITTEES: Maggie Malapad Schlumberger

CORPORATE MEMBERS

PLATINUMSchlumberger of Canada

GOLDBaker Hughes Continental Laboratories (1985) Ltd.

Devon Canada Corporation

Fugro-Jason Inc. Husky Energy Inc. Nexen Inc.

SILVERGreen Imaging Technologies Inc.

HEF Petrophysical Consulting Inc.

Suncor Energy Inc. Sproule Associates Ltd. Taggart Petrophysical Services Inc.

BRONZEBlade Ideas Ltd. EOG Resources

APEGGA MEMBERS:CWLS Luncheons and courses qualify for APEGGAProfessional Development Hours.

Please see the CWLS Website at www.cwls.org for information regarding a Corporate Network License for the recently published CWLS Formation Water (RW) Catalog CD.

Notes: Please forward this notice to any potentially interested co-workers. Thank you.

Wednesday, June 9th, 2010

CWLS TECHNICAL LUNCHEON PRESENTATION FAIRMONT PALLISER HOTEL 133, 9TH AVE. S.W. CALGARY

TIME: 12:00 PM RESERVATIONS BY: Friday, June 4th, 2010 (NOON) - CALL 269-9366 TO CONFIRM A SEAT

COST: MEMBERS RESERVED MEAL: $35.00; NON-MEMBERS RESERVED MEAL: $40.00 (SPECIAL NEEDS MEALS AVAILABLE WITH ADVANCED BOOKING ONLY; PLEASE REQUEST WHEN ORDERING TICKET)

TOPIC: Tight and Unconventional Gas Reservoir Evaluation and Optimization

SPEAKER: Dr. Brant Bennion, Weatherford Laboratories

ABSTRACT:

Unconventional gas reservoirs fall into three broad categories:

1. Gas Shales (e.g. - Muskwa, Barnett, etc.) 2. “Tight” gas with sub-normally low initial water saturations (e.g. – Montney, Jean Marie) 3. “Tight” gas with normal capillary equilibrium saturations (e.g. – Milk River, Med Hat, 2WSS)

The challenges in these reservoirs commonly include:

1. Determining the exact type of reservoir, initial gas in place and determine the potential ability to produce the gas.

2. Optimizing the completion and production strategy to most effectively and economically produce the maximum amount of the resource in place.

This presentation reviews methods and techniques to understand and delineate the type and quality of these various different types of unconventional gas reservoirs, including the crucial parameter of proper evaluation of the initial water and gas saturations that are present, and reviews methods and current technology to best effectively exploit and economically produce the reserve.

SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY:

Dr. Brant Bennion, P.Eng., has over 30 years of experience in the areas of multiphase flow in porous media, formation damage, phase behaviour, drilling, completions and enhanced oil recovery operations. Brant has been a distinguished lecturer for both the SPE and the Petroleum Society on the topic of formation damage. He lectures as an adjunct Professor at the University of Calgary, is the author/co-author of almost 250 technical papers and has presented talks in over 40 countries in recent years. He has been employed by Weatherford Laboratories (formerly Hycal Energy Research) in various capacities since 1979 and is currently the Director of the Flow in Porous Media Group. He is a registered Professional Engineer with APEGGA and holds BSc. and Ph.D degrees in Chemical and Petroleum engineering from the University of Calgary.

CANADIAN WELL LOGGING SOCIETY 2200, 700 – 2nd Street S.W., Calgary, Alberta T2P 2W1 Telephone: (403) 269-9366 Fax: (403) ro.slwc.www 7872-962 g


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“No Such Thing as Objective Truth”

By Kathy Chernipeski, P. Geol. July 9, 2009

David Finch, a noted local historian and outdoor enthusiast, gra-ciously shares his informed and unique perspective on the currentstate of our industry in context of the history of the oil patch. Part 1of the interview was printed in Insite Nov 2009 Issue 2 Volume 1.

Part 2

David Finch has been called the “Most Influential Author inthe OilPatch” and was honoured last year with a lifetimeachievement award for his book “Pumped: Everyone’s Guide tothe Oilpatch.” Probably one of the reasons this book was sopopular was because it answers the questions about where oilcomes from, and he has written it in such a way that wouldmake sense to his sixteen year old daughter, or to his mother. Inhis words, “Why does the price at the pump go up and down?And why does it feel like I have no control over all these fac-tors? When of course you do! Where you buy your house affectswhether or not you’re going to need one car or two cars orwhere you can ride the bus some days...that’s the point of thatbook, we have a lot more control over this part of our life thanwe think we do, but we have to think it through.” He had a realopportunity to influence and encourage change in the way wethink about things like consumption, a topic he is quite pas-sionate about.

Another book that he published is called “Hell’s Half Acre:Early Days in the Great Alberta Oil Patch,” a project that herefers to as his “emotional favourite” and is one of the things heis most proud of. The book is about the social history of the de-velopment of the Turner Valley. “The history of the oil patch isextraordinarily complicated. But one of the ways to get into itand understand it better is to see it through people’s eyes,through the experience of individuals.” He seeks to understandnot only what individuals accomplished, but why and how theyaccomplished them, again, the story behind the historicalevent. He records the “kinds of stories [that] help us see howthe industry has changed society as a whole, and “had the priv-ilege of interviewing dozens and dozens of those oldtimers [inthe Turner Valley] and putting their stories into a book.”

These stories illustrate a wide range of social implications be-cause of the discovery of natural gas and oil in the TurnerValley. “From people who were digging in pipelines by hand, towhenever they smelt sour gas they thought that if they just turntheir nose away it wouldn’t bother them, those kinds of things,to working in the gas plant to dealing with explosions and out

of control wells and working on wood cable tool rigs...it helpsyou see things like, until about the 1920’s in southern Alberta,most everybody burned wood in their homes for heat and forfuel in their stove. But then natural gas came along, and it madea big difference.” Besides no longer needing to chop wood forone month in order to heat the house for the rest of the year, “ifyou burned wood or coal in home, your whole house, walls wereall covered in soot, black, so you would literally move every-thing out of the house, scrub everything down, maybe evenwhitewash it and then move everything back in. That’s whatspring cleaning meant. They didn’t have to do that after natu-ral gas came along...that’s a really significant commitment oftime and energy. And so being able to turn on the natural gasto heat the house is a real treat. But at the same time those peo-ple then had to live with the consequences of that because inthe early days, the sour gas in Turner Valley wasn’t treated, andthey actually had sour gas coming into their homes...some ofthem died from explosions” or were overcome by the H2S.“And then once the gas was cleaned up they had to pay for it,because before that they were flaring most of the gas...it was adance, life improved on one level,” but then they had to dealwith the downsides.

There were upsides, too. “Sour gas here in the West was highlypressured and then the Canadian oil men became very innova-tive with scrubbing the gas and dealing with the high pressures,so they became good at that, and then they were able to exportthat skill elsewhere.” And even if one stayed close to home,“you might be a ranch kid, but if you were mechanically in-clined, then you could go get a job in a refinery or a gas plantor something” like that. People’s lives were changed by petro-leum.



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One lesson we can learn from history is that “progress is neverlinear, something always comes along to nudge us off the pathwe expect the future to take.” To illustrate, “there were oil fielddiscoveries in Turner Valley in 1914 and it looked like it wasgoing to be a big boom, but then the war came along, so thattotally side-tracked it.” Another discovery in 1924 began aboom that lasted through 1927, 28, and 29, that was also ter-minated by the downturn of the 1930s. “And then in the mid-dle of the 1930s, there was another discovery of oil” while “allthe rest of the economy was still in the doldrums...In 1936down at the south end of the oil field down by Longview, theyfound another major source of oil and then it took off. So justbecause something happens and it seems like a new discovery,therefore it looks like it’s going to be a boom, it’s not necessar-ily the way it is.”

When previously asked about his prediction if a particularboom was going to last, Mr. Finch replied “I don’t know what’sgoing to happen to this boom, or when, but I can give youtwelve different examples of how it could go wrong.”

Another lesson “to remember is the government and industryalways have a very different perspective on the issue of the day,be it royalty, be it regulation, be it safety...And government andindustry do have different roles to play in society and theyshould...When we hear industry saying one thing, and govern-ment saying another thing, we have to put on our special hear-ing aides or glasses” and acknowledge both points of view, butfilter what they are saying through this perspective, and “don’ttake everything from one or everything from the other.”

“The role of government is to look out for the best interest ofthe people...Business leaders and politicians are in a tricky busi-ness, because they are trying to influence huge internationalforces, and though they sometimes act like they have a fair bitof control, a lot of the time they don’t.” They certainly can pro-vide direction, though unfortunately, “they don’t always lead,they sometimes just follow public opinion,” or the fad of theday, such as the environment. Certainly, “when there’s a lot ofmoney to be made, there’s always a lot of players.”

The third lesson to be learned from history is that “there’s al-ways room for collaboration and cross training and informationexchange and innovative research, and the more that govern-ment can encourage industry to do that, and the more the in-dustry can share that knowledge and so on, with other mem-bers of industry and with the public at large, the better.” Theimportance of sharing learnings and technology can be illus-trated by something Mr. Finch has discovered recently whileworking on the history of Transalta Utilities. He shares; “one of

the things I found out in their history is that back in 1982, theydid a carbon capture program on one of their coal fired plants,because Dome Petroleum wanted to see if they could take CO2and inject it into an oil field for tertiary recovery...So almostnothing is completely new. Somebody might have already triedit before. In that case, it didn’t work because of the economics,and because of the scrubbing technology, but it’s been updatedand refined now. And that same ammonia process might worknow...There’s always room for (innovation)... especially whenthere’s sort of a neutral place, like a society, where it can be ex-changed.”

A fourth thing we can learn from history is that “Short-termthinking gets industry, government and the public into troubleduring every crisis. Taking the long view in the midst of high,or low, oil prices is nearly impossible, but very important.”Taking it further, and more personally, “life goes on... theseother forces are as old as history and they will keep doing whatthey do, and our relationships with the people that we love andthe things that are important to us should be as important asthese other things.”

Simple technological solutions to some of society’s problemsintrigue Mr. Finch the most, solutions such as “lateral thinking,revisiting ideas, finding new ways to solve old problems....Inthe past whenever we’ve needed more fuel we just found somemore, just exploited it, and that’s fine when there’s lots and it’scheap.” But as he wrote about in his book “Pumped’, when hetraded in his minivan for a “much smaller car...[he] found awhole lot more gasoline not overseas or underground, [he]found it in [his] gas tank, because the small car goes twice as faron a tank of gas as the big one. So there’s a kind of discovery.That’s more of a discovery in the mind rather than a techno-logical one.” And alternate sources of energy are good, “butthen you still have to transport that energy, and you have tohave all that infrastructure. When it comes to solar, myfavourite type of solar power is the stuff that comes throughwindows in the house. If you put triple-glazed windows in yourhouse, so that you don’t lose heat, then you’re not heating a coldhouse.” It’s a “source of solar energy that you don’t have to payfor, you don’t have to store, and you don’t have to transport. Sothose are the kinds of innovations that to me are exciting.” Andtheir impact is huge. “If we want to talk about conserving en-ergy, the stuff we don’t consume is a really good place to saveenergy as well.”

As a society however, we are pretty lazy. The best way to changethe way our society thinks about consumption may be to “justput the price up. So if we have to end up paying three times as

“No Such Thing as Objective Truth” continued…


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much for electricity, because of say carbon capture, or carbontrading” we may buy the more energy-efficient light bulb.“When it hits us in the pocket book, when it comes right downto it, we’re all very pragmatic. And if it doesn’t hurt, then wedon’t care...We’re going to be better consumers for economicreasons as well as for ideological ones.” So, “I’m a great believerin the pricing mechanism...if the consumer really has to pay,then it will change.” In North America we may not be able todepend much on public policy, which usually follows social de-sire and not the other way around.

Since WW2, we have “been very good at consuming and grow-ing the economy, and raising the standard of living...but atsome point we need to balance that ‘go go go’ with ‘are we re-ally having fun? Is this quality of life as well as quantity? Is ithealthy, sustainable, is it something that we really enjoy?’”Canadians on a whole do pretty good at balancing, but wecould always do better. There is a kind of prudence in enjoyinglife and spending time with the people you love and investingin experiences like that “because we are not guaranteed that’sthere’s going to be another day.”

It is quite motivational seeing those who are truly engaged, theones who work in the industry, government, or academia, notfor the motivations of money or greed, but for the pure love oflearning. Mr. Finch has discovered that “innovation and cre-ativity and initiative and brilliance come from the soul.”Younger generations are sometimes taught negative motiva-tions, but we should rather strive to “inculcate in somebody thelove of learning...People really blossom when you take a realgenuine interest in them, and encourage them, whether or notit’s a young person.”

Unhappily, “greed, corruption, arrogance and unwillingness tocare for society as a whole are also prevalent” in every part ofour society. “Any ways our society can reward goodness shouldbe supported.” Though a “believer in the importance of initia-tive and people doing things on their own,” Mr. Finch also hasa great respect for the government, and for the creation of theEnergy Resources Conservation Board, and organizations likethat, “because sometimes left to their own devices, people canbe very wasteful...Security of supply is pretty much guaranteedin Canada. But will we have markets for our products that donot leave us with environmental consequences that are toomuch for us to bear?” It is all of our responsibility “to use lessfuel, consume it more wisely, and pay better attention to theworld’s limited resources.”

“The Canadian petroleum industry has right across the boardbeen very innovative because we’ve had some real challenges,with the north, with harsh environment, with things like sourgas, high pressures, and heavy oil, and the oil sands. So if there’sa lot of challenges that face you and you are successful in over-coming them then perhaps you’ll have something to sell to theother parts of the world instead of just your raw resources.”

“One of the challenges for all of us as individuals is to be opento other people and their ideas and to learn from other people.’’We could learn something entirely new that we have neverthought of before, and maybe they could learn from us as well.“Some people say ‘always have a friend in your life that’syounger than ten and older than eighty just so you have a dif-ferent perspective on life’” It will keep us from becoming toomyopic in our focus. “Being open to others is a gift we can giveto industry and society.”


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Membership – We have come a long way…

I know how the membership database used to be done, for oursociety, prior to 2005 and the creation of our website. It used to be an excel spreadsheet and manually updated by theMembership Chairperson. With the creation of www.cwls.orgour membership database can be updated by our membershipand historical membership is saved.

As an active member, your member privileges allow you to loginto out WebPages. By clicking on the “sign in” button, in thetop right hand corner of the webpage, you are automaticallytaken to the “Member login” page. Your username is the emailaddress you provided and a password is provided to you, thatyou can change after you login in. There is also a password-re-set option for those that only use the webpage once and awhile.

Once you have logged in, you can see your CWLS welcomepage (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Is an example of what mine looks like. You can seeyour membership number. When we started to assign mem-bership numbers in 2005 and started with 100 and reserved 0to 100 for special honorary occasions. There is a link to “EditYour Profile” in which you can change your address, your user-name (which is your email address), your password and more.Also, links to the “RW Mapping Application, Core Databaseand Online Publications”.

Once you have clicked “Edit Your Profile”, a popup box appearssuch as Figure 2. Here you can make adjustments to your pro-file including your password. You can also decide if you wouldlike the Insite Magazine sent to your company or home ad-dress. Once you’re satisfied with updating your profile, selectthe “submit” button. This method allows our membership tochange their profile data as required. We have decided to useyour email address as the username so please remember, even ifyou are no long with your last company its just a username andwill continue to work until you change it.

So, what does the Membership chair do? Well, the year startsoff with soliciting companies that we draw our membershipfrom. Sponsorship allows us to keep our membership dues tothe lowest of any Society in Calgary and supports your com-mitment to choosing our society. Our corporate support is ac-knowledged in the following ways:

1. On the CWLS letterhead with monthly mail outs

2. On the CWLS Website

3. In the Insite Magazine

4. At the monthly technical luncheons on our PowerPointpresentation prior to the meeting.

Membership in our society consist of:

A. Members

B. Honorary Members

C. Senior Members

D. Student Members

E. Corporate Members

Figure 1.

Figure 2.


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A. Members

Membership may be granted to any person actively engaged inthe study, development or use of formation evaluation tech-niques or to any person who has a genuine interest in increas-ing his knowledge of formation evaluation.

B. Honorary Members

The Society may confer Honorary Membership upon anyMember who, in the unanimous opinion of the Honors andAwards Committee and the Board of Directors, is consideredworthy of such honor by reason of exceptional service to theSociety or outstanding work in the discipline of formation eval-uation. Honorary members shall be elected for life.

C. Senior Members

Senior member status may be granted by the Board ofDirectors at the request of any Member who:

(a) has attained the age of 60, and

(b) Has been a member of the Society for 10 consecutiveyears.

D. Student Members

Student membership may be granted to any student who is en-rolled at a college or university and has an interest in further-ing his knowledge of formation evaluation.

Our bylaws state that membership is based from March 1st toFeb 28th annually and not the calendar date you purchased it.Our database reflects this, if you do not renew your member-ship prior to March 1st, your active flag is removed from thedatabase, which prevents you from logging on to the webpage.If you fail to renew, you must reapply for membership, which isan additional $10.00 charge. This link has an explanation ofthis http://www.cwls.org/memberships.php.

I hope that helps explain some of the Membership Chairs roleand give you some direction on how to update your profile. Ithas been a privilege serving you these last two years as yourMembership Chair.

Gary E Drebit2009 CWLS Membership Chair

HUGH REID’SCOURSES

PRACTICAL DST CHARTINTERPRETATIONA

(Thorough Basic Course)October 18-21, 2010

In-house courses available.For course outline visit:

www.hughwreid.com

262-1261

HYDRODYNAMICSSEMINAR

(Oil & Gas Finding Aspects)November 1-4, 2010

CANADIAN WELL LOGGING SOCIETYLO

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CANADIAN WELL LOGGING SOCIETYScotia Centre 2200, 700 – 2nd Street S.W., Calgary, Alberta T2P 2W1Telephone: (403) 269-9366 Fax: (403) 269-2787www.cwls.org

Tyler [email protected] at (403) 261-1258

For information on advertizing in the InSite, please contact:

Discounts on business card advertisement for members.

UPCOMING EVENTS

October 25-26, 2010Quebec Oil & Gas Association AnnualConference

Platinum

geoLOGIC Systems Ltd.

Schlumberger of Canada

Weatherford Canada Partnership

Gold

Apache Corporation

Baker Atlas

Big Guns Perforating & LoggingInc.

Continental Laboratories (1985)Ltd.

Devon Canada Corporation

Husky Energy Inc.

Nexen Inc.

RECON Petrotechnologies Ltd.

Suncor Energy

Tucker Wireline Services

Silver

Green Imaging Technologies Inc.

HEF Petrophysical Consulting Inc.

Sproule Associates Ltd.

Taggart Petrophysical Services Inc.

Bronze

Blade Ideas Ltd.

Compton Petroleum Corporation

Provident Energy Ltd.

Corporate Members are:

A high resolution .pdf of the latest InSite

is posted on the CWLS website at

www.cwls.org. For this and other

information about the CWLS visit the

website on a regular basis.

15 they came from - cwls · [email protected] treasurer simon corti, p.eng. box 549 beiseker,...

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