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The 9th Three Associations Meeting

JRAIAJRAIA

The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association The Japan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association

June 12, 2015June 12, 2015

Huangshan,Huangshan, CHINACHINA

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Contents

0. Domestic Market Update.

1. Industrial Development Status and Future Prospect

2. Updates on relevant standards, regulations and policies.

3. Development of Alternatives.

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0. Domestic Market Update.

Products k‐Units(Apr./14‐Mar./15) Expansion Ratio (%)

Residential air conditioners 8,094.0 85.9

Commercial air conditioners 839.9 100.6

Residential heat pump water heaters(Eco‐Cute)

415.0 90.3

Gas engine‐driven air conditioners29.5 100.6

Water chilling units 12.6 101.6

Air to air heat exchangers 130.4 104.7

Commercial refrigerated cabinets 226.0 107.8

Condensing units 83.7 91.9

Refrigeration units 27.3 86.4

10,000

Transition of yearly shipmentsTransition of yearly shipmentsResidential Air ConditionerResidential Air Conditioner

3 000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Units ( in

 thousan

ds )

Inverter

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Calendar Year

4

3

Transition of yearly shipmentsTransition of yearly shipmentsCommercial Air ConditionerCommercial Air Conditioner

900Inverter

300

400

500

600

700

800

Units ( in

 Thousan

d

Inverter

0

100

200

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

ds )

Calendar Year

5

Transition of yearly Transition of yearly shipmentsshipmentsResidential heatResidential heat‐‐pump pump water heaterwater heater

600

200

300

400

500

Units ( in

 thousan

d

0

100

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Calendar Year

ds )

6

4

Transition of yearly shipmentsTransition of yearly shipmentsCommercial Refrigerator & Air ConditionerCommercial Refrigerator & Air Conditioner

1,800  Chiller

600 

800 

1,000 

1,200 

1,400 

1,600  GHP

PAC

Commercial Refrigerator

Self Contained SC

Water Cooler

Ice Maker

Remote SC

Transport Refrigeration U

Units ( in

 thousan

7

0 

200 

400 

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

Transport Refrigeration U

Refrigeration U

Screw U

Centrifugal

Fiscal Year

nds )

Transition of yearly shipmentsTransition of yearly shipmentsGasGas‐‐engine driven Heatengine driven Heat‐‐pump Air Conditionerpump Air Conditioner

60,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Units 

0

10,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Calendar Year8

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Transition of yearly shipmentsTransition of yearly shipmentsCentrifugal ChillerCentrifugal Chiller

700

200

300

400

500

600

Units

0

100

200

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Fiscal Year

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Transition of yearly shipmentsTransition of yearly shipmentsAbsorption ChillerAbsorption Chiller

4,500

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Units

0

500

1,000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Fiscal Year

10

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Contents

0. Domestic Market Update.

1. Industrial Development Status and Future Prospect

2. Updates on relevant standards, regulations and policies.

3. Development of Alternatives.

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1. Industrial Development Status and Future Prospect1) JRAIA’s Vision and Activities on Environmental Conservation

EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

Energy Energy SavingSavingEmission control on a CO2

basis

REFRIGERANTSREFRIGERANTS

Direct Emission Control· Promotion of recovery· Measures against leakage (proper management of

refrigerants)· Reduction of amount

ALTERNATE ALTERNATE REFRIGERANTSREFRIGERANTS

Acceleration to shift to new refrigerants

· Use of none HFCrefrigerants

· Research of low GWPcharged into equipment

Research of low GWPrefrigerants

Top Runner Program

Freon Recovery & Destruction Law ⇒ Revised Law

Home Appliances Recycling Law

End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law

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2. Conditions required for the alternatives

・Low Toxicity・Low Risk of FlammabilitySafety(precondition)

3E+S

1. Industrial Development Status and Future Prospect

・Reasonable Cost・Acceptable level in Developing Countries

EconomicFeasibility

・Ozone Depletion Potential =0・Low Global Warming Potential

EnvironmentPerformance

・Superior for LCCP value・Similar performance at high load cooling

EnergyEfficient

LCCP（Life Cycle Climate Performance)

CO2 Emission origin from energy in product usage

Refrigerant Leaks in product usage

Refrigerant Leaks at product disposal

CO2 Emission at refrigerant destruction

CO2 Emission at refrigerant production

Acceptable level in Developing CountriesFeasibility

Contents

0. Domestic Market Update.

1. Industrial Development Status and Future Prospect

2. Updates on relevant standards, regulations and policies.

3. Development of Alternatives.

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1) Energy Efficiency• Revised the Top Runner Program

>>Discussion of the next stepf f

2. Updates on relevant standards, regulations and policies.

• JIS of PAC entry into force >>Annual Energy Efficiency(APF)

2) Revised HFC Legislation (Entry into force on 1/4/2015)

3) Regulatory Reform(High Pressure Gas Safety Act)

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3) Regulatory Reform(High Pressure Gas Safety Act)

1241

1400

Trend of the power consumption of Room AC

1)Trend of Energy Efficiency in Japan

kWh

1241 12121157

1048 1028 1028997.5

966924

884 870 875.5 870.5 859.5

400

600

800

1000

1200

30% reduction

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0

200

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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2. Low recovery rate : about 30%

1. Rapid increase of HFCs emissions

IssuesComprehensive measures over whole life cycle from production to destruction of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCsNeeded.

Direction of measures2)Direction of measures for HFCs in Japan

4. Development and commercialize equipment with low GWP or no HFC refrigerants

3. Leakage in use of equipment :13 to 17% per year in 2009

1. Manufacturers and Importers of HFCsPhase-down of HFCs

2. Manufacturers and Importers ofEquipment

Acceleration of equipment using low GWP or no HFC refrigerants

3. Owners of EquipmentPrevention of HFCs’ leakage from commercial refrigeration equipment in use

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5. Global movements to enhance control of high GWP

Publication of the Revision of Fluorocarbons Recovery & Destruction Law in Jun 2013

equipment in use

4. Refrigerant charge by registered operators, Reclamation by approved operators

Manufacturer of HFCs

(1)Phase-Down of HFCs (2)Promotion of

A i

Equipment manufacturercontaining HFCs

3) Scope of “Act on Rational Use & Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”

To address issues throughout the lifecycle of fluorocarbons

再生品

低ＧＷ

Ｐ

再生品

Low GWPOr NR

Alternatives

(3)Containment from commercial equipment Super market

User of equipment

Check of lealage

Report of leakage

Reuse (promotion of

recovery)

HFCs

Low GWPProducts

(5)Proper Reduction andDestruction

(4)Proper maintenance and recovery

maintenanceReport of refilled

amount

(5)Proper Reduction and Destruction

Approved Destructor, Recycler

Destruction Required

Registered Servicer 

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Who What to doRefrigerant Manufacturer, Importer To report the results

To make a reduction plan

3) Scope of “Act on Rational Use & Proper Management of Fluorocarbons”

To make a reduction plan

Equipment Manufacturer, Importer To develop the products to fit the target index of GWP till the target year

User To inspect his own equipment and to keep the data of the inspection

Installer, maintenance person To get the certification, to report the record ofInstaller, maintenance person To get the certification, to report the record of the amount of the leakage of refrigerant

Destructor, recycler To get the approval

＜40% Reduction of HFCs use in 2020＞43 CO2 equivalent million tons

＜52% Reduction of HFCs use in 2025＞36 CO2 equivalent million tons

（BAU: Business As Usual )

4) Revised regulation for manufacturers and importers of HFCs

Actual shipment of HFCReduction of new productsReduction of service usageReduction of service usageService usageNew products

Shipment of HFCProspect of usage

40% down

52% down

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Prospect of usageIn 2020.

Prospect of usageIn 2025.

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Specified equipment category Current refrigerant and its GWPTarget GWP

(Weighted Ave. GWP) Target year

Residential AC R410A(2090), R32(675) 750 2018

AC for shops & offices<<small size only>> R410A(2090) 750 2020

Automotive air conditioners* R134a(1430) 150 2023

C d i & St ti f i ti it *R404A(3920), R410A(2090)

1500 2025

5) Revised regulation for manufacturers and importers of equipment

Condensing & Stationary refrigeration units*( ), ( )

R407C(1774), CO2(1)1500 2025

Central refrigeration equipment* R404A(3920), Ammonia 100 2019

Hard urethane foam HFC-245fa(1030), HFC-365mfc(795) 100 2020

Dust blowerHFC-134a(1430), HFC-152a(124)

CO2(1), DME(1)10 2019

＊: with some conditions

6) Revised regulation for equipment owners( users of products)

Check points Frequency By whom

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Simplified periodicalcheck

For All commercial equipment

Noise, Leakage, Cabinet Temperature etc.( Appearance check)

Every3 months

No limitation

Periodical checkFor large size equipment

Indirect method( measurement of pressure or temperature) or Combination of direct(leak check) and indirect method.

Every year or every 3 years

Certified person

Contents

0. Domestic Market Update.

1. Industrial Development Status and Future Prospect

2. Updates on relevant standards, regulations and policies.

3. Development of Alternatives.

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• Objective: Risk and Performance Assessment• Scope: A2L Refrigerants• Timeframe: 2011 to 2015

1) Risk assessment of mildly flammable refrigerants Industry Research – Japan

3. Alternative refrigerants

• Research being conducted by:  Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (JSRAE). 

• Funded by: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (NEDO/METI)

• Results Public: 2013 progress report is available on http://www.jsrae.or.jp/committee/binensei/2013PR_e.pdf

• Related reports were presented in Kobe Symposium 2014.

Cooperative structure among Industry, JSRAE and NEDO

Information sharing, DiscussionDiscussion on the results of RA Basic information

2) Framework for Risk Assessment of Mildly Flammable Refrigerants

JSRAEJapan Society of Refrigerating and Air

Conditioning Engineers

NEDONew Energy and Industrial Technology Development

Organization

JRAIAJapan Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry

Association

WGs for risk assessment of A2L Refrigerants

Mini-split SWGⅠ

Mini-split SWGⅡ

NEDO Project

Tokyo University

AIST, Innovation in Sustainable Chemistry

Research committee for risk assessment of mildly flammable

Commercial refrigeration SWG

VRF system SWG

Chillers SWG

GHP SWGⅠ

Safety Committee

JAMAJapan Automobile Manufacturers Association

Tokyo University of Science, Suwa

AIST, Science for Safety and Sustainability

Kyushu University, and etc.

refrigerants

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RISK MAP(ISO Guide 51)

hood→

Frequently 10‐4

Sometime 10‐5

Rare 10‐6

Usually not 10‐7

RISK

Likeli Very difficult 10‐8

Extremely difficult 10‐9

Near zero 10‐10

Possibility of Incident

0 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ

No damage

Minor damage

Lightdamage

Majordamage

Lethaldamage

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(smokefrom 

product)

(fire from product,

light injury)

(fire, human injury)

(permanentinjury, 

death, burndown house)

→Severity

Resource: University of Tokyo

GWP

HFC404a:3,922（refrigerant）※Mixture of R125, R134a and R143a

HFC410a:2,088（refrigerant）

HFC143a:4,470（refrigerant）

Main HFCs currently usedGWP: 1,000 and above

GWP: 100～1,000

GWP: below 100

－Explanatory note－

conversionrsion

3) New refrigerants for the next generation.  1. Target GWP

, （ g ）※ Mixture of R32 and R125

HFC134a:1,430（refrigerant, Injection agent）

HCFC22:1810（refrigerant）

HFC152a:124（injection agent）

HFC245fa:1,030（foaming agent）

HFC365mfc:794（foaming agent）

1000nonflammable

Under developing various alternative candidates for HFCs by HFC

manufacturers

flammable

Mixture of HFOs

HFC32:675（refrigerant）

Immed

iate conve

conversion

under developing various   alternative candidates for HFCs by HFC 

manufacturers

100

HFO1234yf:<1（refrigerant）HFO1234ze:<1（refrigerant）

HFO1233zd:<5（ref., foaming）

CO2:1（冷媒、断熱剤、噴射剤等）

Butane:15（refrigerant）

Isobutane:4（refrigerant）

Propane:3（refrigerant）

HFOs

Cyclopentane:11（insulator）

※GWP values of all HFCs currently used in large volume in Japan exceed 100.

※Our final target value of GWP is to be less than 100 in Japan.

※All GWP values excluding HFOs are cited from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). GWP values of HFOs are cited from IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) due to not available on AR4.

Ammonia:1digit（refrigerant）

HCs

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High temp.

R410A▶CO2

Residential HP water heater R410

▼CO2 /etc.

Commercial HP water heater

4) Candidates for the next generation refrigerants by applications

Natural Ref.

Mid. Temp.

Residential A/CR410A▼R32/etc

AutomobileA/CR134a▼R1234yf

PAC (shops)Below 3 ref.ton

R410A,R407C▼

Multi A/C Bldg.R410A,R407C

▼―

Screw, Chiller

R410A,R134a▼R1234ze/etc.

Centrifugal

R134a、R123▼R1234ze/etc.

Home refrigerator

R134a▼HC

R404A▼R410A, CO2/etc.

Refrigerated warehouse

R22▼NH3、NH3/CO2

Ultra low temp

Commercial refrigerated cabinet

0℃

(refrigerant  management）

R32/etc.

Low temp.

Ultra-low temp.equipment

R22/R23▼―(Air)/etc

100KW1KW 10KW 1000KWCapacity

HVAC&R 2016

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