Global Competitiveness and

Strategic Alliances

Values

The defination of values

Values are beliefs that guide, actions and

judgments across variety of situations.

Milton Rokeach

Values are the constellations of likes and

dislikes, viewpoints, inner inclinations,

rational and irrational judgements, prejudices

and association patters that determine a

person’s view of the world.

Edward Springer

Features of values

Values represent basic conviction that specify

mode of conduct is socially preferable to an

opposite mode of conduct

Values are manifested in thoughts, speech

and actions

Values are inherent in all cultures and

societies

Values guide people to take specific positions

on societal issues

Features of values

Values are relatively stable and enduring as

these are passed from one generation to

another

Values are the most central to the core of a

person

Values provide standards of morality

Types of values

Graves has identified seven values ranging from the lowest (reactive) to the highest (existential)

1 Reactive : Unaware of oneself and others as human beings, reacts to basic physiological need

2 Tribalistic: High degree of dependence, strongly influenced by tradition and the power exercised by authority figures: wants strong directive leadership

Types of values

3 Egocentrism: Believes in rugged individualism, aggressive and selfish, responds primarily to power, desires individual; responsibilities, wants to work alone in an entrepreneurial style

4 Conformity: Lower tolerance for ambiguity, difficulty in accepting people with divergent values, desires

5 Manipulative: Strives to accomplish goals by manipulating things and people, materialistic, actively seeks status and recognition

Types of values

6 Sociocentric:Desires to be liked and go along

with others rather than get ahead, dislikes

materialism, manipulation and conformity,

seeks primarily the social relationship which a

job provides

7 Existential: High tolerance for ambiguity and

for people with divergent values, outspoken

on inflexible systems, seeks full expression of

growth

Types of values Terminal

Is an ultimate goal or aim of a

person, it might include

comfortable life, family

security, sense of

accomplishment, self respect,

freedom

A Comfortable Life a

prosperous life

An Exciting Life a stimulating,

active life

Instrumental

Relates to the means for

achieving the desired outcome

or end

Obedient dutiful; respectful

Broad-minded open-minded

Formation of values

People indoctrinate values from their parents, teachers,

friends, media, television, radio, newspaper and all those

whom they admire and thus, try to follow.

Values are qualities that define people, organizations

and products / services at their most basic level. They

establish a foundation onto which expectations and trust

(or distrust), is built. Organizational leaders must take

responsibility for the values the organization and their

products / services and employees demonstrate. Taking

responsibility for planning their values

allows organizations to plan their corporate culture and

reputation with confidence.

Factors influencing formation of values

Family factors: parents

Social factors: school, religious, political

Cultural factors

Personal factors: intelligence, ability

Organizational Factors: peers, boss,

subordinate

Organizational values

I. Communication-Up, down, and sideways within the company, with

customers and vendors, in terms of openness, frankness, clarity,

frequency, accuracy, timeliness, and brevity.

II. Cooperation (Teamwork)-Among individuals, departments,

divisions, branches, and so on.

III. Coordination-Horizontally between departments in terms of plans,

activities, and systems.

IV. Standardization-In terms of forms, files, procedures, reports,

performance evaluations, equipment, training, recruitment,

orientations, communications, and so on.

Role of values in Global Competitiveness

Healthy competition is competition to improve

value for customers, or the quality of products

or services relative to their price.

Value-based competition is positive sum.

When value improves, both capable firms

and consumers benefit.

Competition must be based upon values

which generate results in the long run.

Thank You!