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    Advanced Encryption Standard

    5.1. Evaluation Criteria For AES

    The Origins of AES

    AES Evaluation

    5.2. The AES Cipher

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    Origins

    Replacement for DES was needed

    Theoretical attacks that can break it

    Demonstrated exhaustive key search attacks

    Can use Triple DES but slow, small block size

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    NIST issued a call for a new AES in 1997

    15 candidates accepted in Jun 1998

    5 candidates were short-listed in Aug 1999

    Rijndael was selected as the AES in Oct 2000

    Published as FIPS PUB 197 standard in Dec 2001

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    AES Evaluation Criteria

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    Final criteria:

    General security

    Ease of software & hardware implementation

    Flexibility (in en/decrypt, keying, other factors)

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    Advanced Encryption Standard

    5.1. Evaluation Criteria For AES

    The Origins of AES

    AES Evaluation

    5.2. The AES Cipher

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    The AES Cipher - Rijndael

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    Rijndael was designed to have thefollowing characteristics:

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    AES Structure

    Key Scheduling

    Message Encoding

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    Example:

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    Add Round Key : Initial Round Key

    Transformation (For 9 Rounds)

    1. Sub Bytes

    2. Shift Rows

    3. Mix Columns

    4. Add Round Keys

    Transformation (10th

    Round Key)1. Sub Bytes

    2. Shift Rows

    3. Add Round Keys

    AES Structure

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    AES Structure

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    Example:

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    Sub Bytes Table

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    Inverse Sub Bytes Table

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    Example:

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    Example:

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    Example:

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    Key Expansion

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    Firstly, the original 16-byte key is copied into the first 4 words of the expanded

    key (i.e, the first 4x4 array of our diagram) as shown below:

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    Given:

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    =

    Circular Shift column 1

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    S b B t T bl

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    Sub Bytes Table

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    Fill rest of the column

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    Message EncodingStep: 1 : Initial Round: Add Round Key

    X- OR

    =

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    Message EncodingStep 2 : Transformation

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    Message EncodingTransformation : Step 1 : Sub Bytes

    Check Each cell of the table in S-BOX table

    Input:

    Sub Byte Table

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    Check all the cells and fill as above said manner

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    Message EncodingTransformation : Step 2 : Shift Rows

    Input:

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    =

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    =

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    =

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    =

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    Message EncodingTransformation : Step 3 : Mix Columns

    Input:

    Constant Matrix:

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    (d4* 02)+(bf*03)+(5d*01)+(30*01)

    M E di

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    Message EncodingTransformation : Step 4 : Add Round Key

    Input:

    O/p from step 3 of Trans. =

    Round 1 Key =

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    X-OR

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    =

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    X-OR

    X-OR

    X-OR

    =

    =

    =

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    Link for animated AEShttp://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs381-

    05/blockciphers/rijndaelingles 2004.swf

    Otherwise in google type

    animated AES and open first link

    http://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs381-05/blockciphers/rijndaelingles%202004.swfhttp://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs381-05/blockciphers/rijndaelingles%202004.swfhttp://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs381-05/blockciphers/rijndaelingles%202004.swfhttp://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs381-05/blockciphers/rijndaelingles%202004.swfhttp://www.cs.bc.edu/~straubin/cs381-05/blockciphers/rijndaelingles%202004.swf

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