1598 the Spanish introduce the …

America 1819

America 1834

Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868

Sitting Bull didn’t sign

Established a reservations Promised

supplies

Gold Found in Gold Found in the Black the Black

Hills of the Hills of the Dakota Dakota

Territory!Territory!

18741874

Gold Found in Gold Found in the Black the Black

Hills of the Hills of the Dakota Dakota

Territory!Territory!

18741874

The Battle of Little Big The Battle of Little Big HornHorn18761876

The Battle of Little Big The Battle of Little Big HornHorn18761876

Chief Sitting BullChief Sitting Bull

Gen. GeorgeGen. GeorgeArmstrong Armstrong

CusterCuster

Lakota forces led by Crazy Horse kill Custer& all of his men.

Indian Policy focuses on Assimilation

•Indian boarding schools like Carlisle

•Dawes Act (1887)

•broke up reservations and gave 160 acres to each Indian household to farm

•Sold remain land to settlers, supposedly holding money in trust for Indians

Dawes Act (1887):Dawes Act (1887):Assimilation PolicyAssimilation PolicyDawes Act (1887):Dawes Act (1887):Assimilation PolicyAssimilation Policy

Carlisle Indian School, PACarlisle Indian School, PA

Arapahoe Arapahoe ““Ghost DanceGhost Dance””, , 18901890

Arapahoe Arapahoe ““Ghost DanceGhost Dance””, , 18901890

Wounded Knee, South Dakota

300 Sioux were killed

Indian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations TodayIndian Reservations Today

What happened to the sacred Black Hills of South Dakota?

Mt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SDMt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SDMt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SDMt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SD

Crazy Horse Monument:Crazy Horse Monument:Black Hills, SDBlack Hills, SD

Crazy Horse Monument:Crazy Horse Monument:Black Hills, SDBlack Hills, SD

Lakota ChiefLakota ChiefLakota ChiefLakota Chief

Destruction of the Buffalo Destruction of the Buffalo HerdsHerds

Destruction of the Buffalo Destruction of the Buffalo HerdsHerds

The near extinction of the buffalo.The near extinction of the buffalo.

Where the Buffalo Roam…No More

• White settlers hunted Buffalo for sport

• Buffalo population

• 1800 - 65 million

• 1890 - 1000

• 1900 - 1 herd left, sheltered in

• Yellowstone Park and Catalina Island

The disappearance of the buffalo made room for…

The longhorn

•Originally from Spain

•Used to dry grasslands

•Sturdy

and for the…

cowboy

William William ““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill”” CodyCody’’s Wild West s Wild West

ShowShow

William William ““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill”” CodyCody’’s Wild West s Wild West

ShowShow

““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill”” Cody & Sitting Cody & Sitting BullBull

““Buffalo BillBuffalo Bill”” Cody & Sitting Cody & Sitting BullBull

•skills, techniques, and tools were from Mexico

•the cattle ranch dated from Spanish days

Origins of the cattle and cowboy “culture”

Who were the cowboys?

25% were black

12% were Mexican

Black CowboysBlack Cowboys

Colt .45 RevolverColt .45 RevolverColt .45 RevolverColt .45 Revolver

God didnGod didn’’t make men equal.t make men equal.Colonel Colt did!Colonel Colt did!

Demand for beef booms after the Civil War

growth of northern

cities

spread of railroads

Railroads could transport cattle to big city meat packing centers, especially Chicago

Railroads could transport the meat all over the east

But the cattle had to get to the railroad…

The long drive

Cattle trails and cattle towns

Sedalia

End of the cattle boom

overgrazing

barbed wire

long periods of bad weather