16 new env3 lec23 oz.pptenvs iii

7/29/2019 16 new env3 lec23 oz.pptENVS III

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Special issues in the Atmosphere


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Ozone in the Stratosphere


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CFCs among other things chew up the ozone. Theyare inert at ground level but fall apart at high energyconditions in the stratosphere.

CF2Cl2 + UV light ----> CF2Cl + Cl

Cl + O3 ----> ClO + O2

ClO + O ----> Cl + O2


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The ozone layer is thinning at a rate of .5% per

year since late 70s


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Research Council predicts a 2-5% increase in skin

cancer for each 1% depletion of ozone


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Nobel Prize 1995

(despite black balling by DuPont)


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Where do we find CFCs?

We use CFCs forfoaming agents(Styrofoam), computer

and stereo cleaners,athletic instant freezesprays and propellants andrefrigerants.

NOx from jet exhaust in

the stratosphere andagriculture also contributeto thinning.


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Some success!

Because of the Montreal protocol,

CFCs have been phased out around

the world despite protests and foot

dragging from US mostly in

response to protestations fromDuPont.

They have been replaced by

HCFCs and pother compounds,

which are also harmful but possibly

to a lesser degree

Ozone loss will persist until 2045

(best estimate).


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The Greenhouse Effect


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Contributions to greenhouse effect


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This graph shows the seasonal

changes in CO2 concentrations


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22 billion tons comesfrom fossil fuels

15 billion tons areremoved by plants, soiland the ocean leaving asurfeit of 10 billiontons.

Average tree absorbsabout 26 - 40 pound peryear.

Calculate how manynew trees we need to

plant.


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Personal responsibility

44 trees per year

cancels your carbon

dioxide fuel debt. Global Releaf costs 1$

per tree

Tree People

818 753-4600

Go to carbonfund.org


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Kyoto Conference in 1997 tried to reduce CO2 emissions. Clinton

signed but Senate wouldnt ratify. Bush refused. Obama disappointed

his environmental constituency by not signing it either.

We have 4% of worlds population but emit 30% of the CO2


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Cows fart and release methane. Eat beef and die warm.

Methane is 20-30 times better at heat retention

CFCs are 20,000 times better.


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Guilt-free Holiday Tree!

Growing trees absorb

CO2 at a higher rate

than mature trees Tree farms reduce

CO2

Enjoy them!


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Temperature Predictions

Scientists predict a

temperature rise of 3

degrees C by 2100. Politicians dispute this

Who do you want to

listen to about science-

a scientist or a

politician?


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These are all reputable scientific organizations

that have come to similar conclusions


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Consequences

?? Oceans rise 3 mm per

year now

If polar ice caps melt,

oceans may risebetween 20 cm and 14meters!

What happens to Fuji?Philippines? Jamaica?

LA? Holland? NewYork? Formentera?


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Is there evidence? Yes!

Coastline loss:

Poland55%

Cyprus37.8%

Latvia32.8%

Greece28.6%

Belgium25.5%

Italy 23%


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Why are we still arguing about data that the world scientificcommunity agrees on? NOAA, UCS, NASA, Nature, StratigraphyCommission of the Geological Society of London, EPA, ACIA, Caltech,

MIT, Woods Hole, National Academy of Science,Nobel Laureates..The list is VERY long.

Only a handful of scientists oppose the ideas that we are experiencingclimate change. Why are they given equal weight?

Since when do politicians interpret science data? Dont be suckered.


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More ice bergs are calved


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Polar bears are at risk as are

many habitats


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More and more odd things.

wasps in Canadian Arctic

potatoes in Greenland

mussels off Norway

grass in the Antarctic glaciers visibly melting

ocean visibly rising

Melting snows of

Kilamanjaro


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A New Ice Age Because of

Global Warming? Huh? Yes, some scientists

like those at WoodsHole are concerned

that large amounts ofmelted fresh waterwill disrupt thecurrents in the Atlantic

that keep the northwarm (especiallyEurope)


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Just Like Day After Tomorrow?


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The key is the thermohaline circulation. The

salt densities drive the circulation. Melted ice

could disrupt this.


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If the circulation

stops, thetemperature

drops


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One possible method for stabilizing the amount ofcarbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is to inject itinto the deep ocean, either from shore stations or fromtankers at sea.

The consequences of doing this are unknown.


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Personal solutions

Energy conservation

Set your thermostat at areasonable temperature or

better yet, dont use airconditioning at all

Drive less, use a bike,walk, car pool

Oppose deforestation andslash and burn

Covert to solar, wind, tidaland geothermal energies

Buy and use less stuff!

Reduce, reuse, recycle


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Dont sink your own boat!

Do your part!

16 new env3 lec23 oz.pptenvs iii

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