https://landscapeaustralia.com/articles/beyond-technology-the-evolution-of-smart-cities/ (Cover Image Credits)

FOOD HUBS:

Celen Pasalar, PhD George Hallowell, PhDCollege of DesignNC State University

The Role of Placemaking in Creating Healthy Communities

In 2050, the global population is expected to reach 9.8 billionpeople, and 66% of the population will be living in cities(United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 21 June, 2017)

The Healthy City Challenge

Image Credit: UN Photo/Kibae Park, City view of Dhaka, Bangladesh

A primary challenge will be to ensure a safe, nutritious, equitable and sustainable diet for the growing urban population

● Obesity

● Diabetes● Heart Disease● Poverty● Social Isolation and Loneliness● Inequity in Access to Jobs and Health Services

● Limited Access to Nutritious Food

The Healthy City ChallengeParticularly for Disadvantaged Communities

● Taking the theme of the conference:

“Creating Healthy Cities for All: Designing for Equity and Resilience:”

● And combining it with our session sub-topic:

“Designing liveable communities”

● We ask the question:

Can the design of a food environment, or food hub, also contribute to placemaking in disadvantaged communities and help create a culture of health?

Motivation

Study Focus

First, A Few Concepts to Discuss...

● Food Deserts versus Food Swamps● A Culture of Health● Food Security or Insecurity● Food Hubs and Nutrition Hubs● Bottom-Up Community Placemaking

Then we will explore case study examples concluding with a manifesto.

http://americannutritionassociation.org/newsletter/usda-defines-food-deserts

Food Deserts and Food InsecurityFood Desert - Spatially defined urban areas where

residents have limited ability to purchase affordable,

healthy and nutritious foods are frequently referred to as

‘food deserts’ (Beaumont et al, 1995; USDA, 2013; Widener and Shannon, 2014)

http://www.foodispower.org/food-deserts/

The 2008 U.S. Farm Bill definition: “An area in the U.S.

with limited access to affordable and nutritious food,

particularly such an area composed of predominantly

lower income neighborhoods and communities” (USDA, 2009)

https://www.mappingmegan.com/best-food-cities-in-the-world-foodie-destinations/

http://naoparis.over-blog.com/article-le-dark-vador-burger-quick-france-98292603.html

Food Swamps

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/12

● Making health a shared value.

● Fostering cross-sector collaboration to improve well-being.

● Creating healthier and more equitable communities.

● Strengthening integration of health services and systems.

(Robert Woods Johnson Foundation)

Creating a Culture of Health - RWJF

Food Hubs and Nutrition HubsFood Hub - “A centrally located facility with a business

management structure facilitating the aggregation, storage,

processing, distribution, and/or marketing of locally/

regionally produced food products”’ (USDA Blog, 2010)

Image Source: http://www.ngfn.org/resources/ngfn-database/knowledge/FoodHubResourceGuide.pdf

Food Hubs and Nutrition Hubs

Image Source: www.communityfoodlab.com

Nutrition Hub - Some have used the term nutrition hub to focus on the retail/distribution end of the food hub arc of business. Essentially, “centralized community spaces to provide nutrition, health, and food-related services.” (White, 2018)

Image Source: https://shelterforce.org/2017/11/28/food-oriented-development/

Food Hubs and Nutrition Hubs

Other features of a nutrition / food hub facility can also contribute to creating healthier more equitable communities, and strengthen the integration of health services and systems.

Placemaking

Image Source: hhttps://www.pps.org/article/what-is-placemaking

Placemaking

Placemaking

Case Studies: Colleton Commercial Kitchen, Walterboro, SC

Close to both Charleston and Savannah, the Colleton Kitchen can “gather a lot of folks in the food industry to work and and develop products" (Colleton Kitchen, 2015)

Image Source: https://www.colletonkitchen.org/

Nutrition Hub Pilot Project, Raleigh, NCThe nutrition hub sites will serve as centralized community spaces to provide nutrition, health, and food-related services and education in a single location. In doing so, the nutrition hubs will increase accessibility and remove barriers to community members." (https://raleighfoodcorridor.org/nutrition-hubs/

Image Source: http://www.alliancemedicalministry.org/about-the-wellness-program

● Cooking Matters, in partnership with Inter-Faith Food Shuttle● Diabetes Education Classes● Diabetes Prevention Program, in partnership with the YMCA● Seed to Supper garden education● Walk with a Doc walking program● Yoga, in partnership with You Call this Yoga

Passage Home, Raleigh, NC

Image Source: CommunityFoodLab.com or by authors

Florence City Center Farmers' Market, Florence, SCDrew Griffin, City Manager stated that "a very important aspect of the market is to create accessibility to local food, healthy foods, locally grown foods to the area that is immediately north of the farmer's market" (Robertson, 2018)

Image Source: https://www.facebook.com/citycenterfarmersmarket/ or SCNow.com

Co-Benefits: Functions for Food Hub FacilitiesThe addition of various processes and functions have been successful at various nutrition or food hubs we reviewed, for economic, social, and/or in creation of a new sense of community:

● Community Gardens● Farmers Markets● A New Model For the Corner Store● Classrooms and Teaching Kitchens● Resources / Meeting Spaces for Health Services and Information

Community Gardens

Community Gardens: The Camden Street Learning Garden

Image Source: https://www.colletonkitchen.org/ or by authors

Work Together Learn Together

Grow Together

Farmers Markets: NCDA&CS Raleigh Farmers Market

ImAGE Source: http://www.communityfoodlabs.com or by authors

T

A New Model for the Corner Store:

Image Source: https://www.yourethecure.org/nc_legislature_funds_healthy_corner_store_

initiative_for_a_second_yea ror by authors

The Market @ REBUS WORKS, NCT

The Healthy Corner Store Initiative, NC

Image Source: https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g60864-d12513629-i252109671-

Dryades_Public_Market_Cafe-New_Orleans_Louisiana.html or by authors

Dryades Public Market Cafe, NO, LA The Healthy Corner Store Initiative, NC

Food-Oriented Community Development and DesignUsing food as:

● A creative placemaking tool- Leveraging the cultural capital of a community- Reflecting character of the community- Increasing ownership by locals- Promoting community health- Improving quality of life by creating active spaces and

renewing disadvantaged communities

● A cultural preservation mechanism- Enhancing environment for cultural expression- Getting people together- Intersecting racial justice, food justice, and community

development

● A platform for equitable economic development- Selling produce- Making specialty food products- Opening a restaurant- Keeping the food chain local

In conclusion, our study so far has shown that a food environment, or food hub can indeed also contribute to placemaking in disadvantaged communities and help to create a culture of health - especially through creating:● Increased Social Interaction● A Healthy Food Environment● A New Community Center● Social Cohesion● A Sense of Self-Control and Empowerment● New Jobs and Sustainable Economics● A New “Third Place” for a Community

Conclusion

Thank You!

Celen Pasalar, PhDcelen_pasalar@ncsu.eduCollege of Design, NC State University

George Hallowell, PhDgeorge_hallowell@ncsu.eduCollege of Design, NC State University

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