166\St-And © Clive Walker , 2012

Compensation & financial redress

for victims of terrorism

Professor Clive Walker School of Law

University of Leeds

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Agenda

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Identify approachesCritical analysis

ApproachesDenial of special

claimsSpecial schemesCivil litigation

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Purposes

Individual restitution

Social solidarityNullify harm to state

interests

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Approaches: Denial of special

claimsBureaucratic costsRight to life – ECHR

art 2‘Compensation

culture’Criminalisation

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Denial of special claims

Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (GB)

Compensation Agency (NI)

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Special schemesAviation: TroikaCommercial property:

Reinsurance (Acts of Terrorism) Act 1993 and Pool Re

Disaster relief: Bellwin Scheme eg Manchester & Tower Hamlets

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Property loss for individuals: Northern Ireland

Justice & Security (NI) Act 2007

Criminal Damage (Compensation) (NI) Order 1977

Special schemes

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Special schemesPhysical protection for

individuals: Northern Ireland

Injuries abroad: Victims of Overseas Terrorism Compensation Scheme: Crime & Security Act 2010

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Special schemes: Overseas

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Special schemes: USAAntiterrorism and

Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Title II

September 11th Victim Compensation Fund: Air Transportation Safety and Safety Stabilization Act 2001, Title IV

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Civil litigationAppealing and

unappealingAgainst government

eg de MenezesAgainst third parties Against terrorists eg

Breslin v McKenna (2008)

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Civil litigation: USA

Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act 1996 – action against designated states

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Conclusions

Fragmented and uneven

Growing international interest

Compensation for victims of terrorism

Conclusions

Secretary-General of the UN

Council of Europe Committee of Ministers

UN Special Rapporteur

Compensation for victims of terrorism