17-1 © prentice hall, 2007 17 corporate financial management 3e emery finnerty stowe managing...
TRANSCRIPT
© Prentice Hall, 200717-1
1717
Corporate Financial Management 3e
Emery Finnerty Stowe
Managing Capital Structure (APV)Pages 488-491
17-2
17.4 Adjusting PV and Required Returns for Capital Structure Effects
In chapter 8, we treated investing and financing as independent of each other
When they are not independent, we can adjust the WACC to reflect capital structure in addition to the project’s risk.
17-3
The Project’s Cost of Capital
The WACC (an opportunity cost) can be expressed as:
WACC = (1 - L)re + L(1 - T)rd
However, L, T, re, and rd are more easily measured for the firm than for a specific project. Financing cannot be accounted for on a project-by-project basis.Loans also can be tied to specific assets or projects, and the firm’s capital structure will change over time.Many corporations, therefore, use the Adjusted Present Value method for capital budgeting projects.
17-4
17.5 Adjusted Present Value
Recall that the value of a leveraged firm can be expressed as:
VL = VU + T*D
where T* is the net effect of capital market imperfections.
17-5
Adjusted Present Value
Consider the case where a firm’s debt is tied to one or more specific asset: Mortgage Lease
The interest and principal payments occur within the asset’s life. The asset’s value declines over time with use. The “capital structure” (i.e. remaining debt)
changes over time as debt is repaid.
17-6
Adjusted Present Value
In such cases, the Adjusted Present Value (APV) accounts for the changing capital structure over the asset’s life.
The APV is the present value of the project as if it were financed solely with equity plus the net benefits from debt financing.
17-7
Adjusted Present Value
where CFATt is the “basic” cash flow in period t, r is the return required by investors in the unleveraged firm, INT is the interest payment in period t, and rd is the return required by the debtholders.
n
tt
d
tn
ttt
r
INTT
r 1
*
10 )1()1(
CFATAPV
17-8
Adjusted Present Value
CSI is evaluating a new seed processing machine which costs $100,000, has a life of 3 years, and can be sold off for $20,000 net of taxes after 3 years. The annual CFAT are expected to be $40,000. CSI will borrow $60,000 at 10% to finance the purchase of this machine, with the rest coming from CSI’s equity. The net benefit to leverage factor (T*) is 0.25 and CSI’s unleveraged required return for this project is 18%.What is the project’s APV?
17-9
APV: Loan Repayment
The annual payment on the 3-year, $60,000, 10% loan is:
CALCULATOR SOLUTION
Data Input Function Key
N
I
PV
PMT
FV
3
10
60,000
0
–24,127
17-10
APV: Loan Amortization Table
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
LB at BOYInterest (@ 10%)PaymentLB at EOY
$60,000$6,000
$24,127$41,873
$41,873$4,187
$24,127$21,934
$21,934$2,193
$24,127$0
Note:
LB = Loan Balance, BOY = Beginning of Year, EOY = End of Year
17-11
Adjusted Present Value
n
tt
d
tn
ttt
r
INTT
r 1
*
00 )1()1(
CFATAPV
707,9$
)10.1(
193,2$
)10.1(
187,4$
)10.1(
000,6$25.0
)18.1(
000,20$
)18.1(
000,40$000,100$APV
321
3
3
10
t
t