17 5890-she-chap 2-sect 4-personal safety

Bernhard Schulte Shipmanagement

SHE MANUAL - Chapter 2 - Section 4 - Personal Safety Document No. 5890

Approved by Director RSSC

Effective Date 14-MAY-2014

Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

SECTION 2.4 PERSONAL SAFETY

2.4.1 Slips, trips and falls

Slips, trips and falls in everyday situations invariably results in minor injuries and lost time.

The commonest slip hazards are:

Wet decks

Oily decks

Highly waxed and polished decks

Icy spots

a) Be alert and observe the following rules:

Use proper PPE. Always wear shoes with soles that provide good traction. In the marine

environment this is particularly important where wet and oily hazards will be encountered.

Remove any spilled liquid from the deck immediately.

When using wrenches, make sure that footing is stable in case the wrench slips or releases

quickly.

b) Take action to eliminate tripping hazards where possible. Tools used in day-to-day operations

must not be left lying around. Be alert for other tripping hazards such as hoses, lines, shallow

holes, extension cords, loose shoe laces etc.

c) When working in elevated locations where falls are possible:

Take special precautions in locations without handrails.

Wear safety lines when working in locations unprotected against falling.

Temporary barriers should be rigged to prevent falling where safety lines cannot be used.

Use safety harnesses rather than safety belts, as harnesses provide more protection

against injury.

d) Barricades must be used to prevent entry into an area that is considered unsafe.

e) NEVER RUN.

f) Never use a ladder that is not in good condition. Always place the foot of the ladder

approximately one quarter of the length of the ladder from the vertical surface and secure it.

g) When working outside the ship's rails, a safety harness and line is to be worn. Work must not

take place whilst the vessel is making way.

h) Adequate illumination to be provided at the workplace.

i) When going up/down a ladder, ensure that when a person is going up and down on the ladder

both hands are free, (not carrying any item in hand), gloves and shoes are not slippery. This will





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

ensure that he gets good grip on ladder. It must be noted that when walking on decks/ladders with

wet paint, it may cause shoes/gloves to get detached from the person.

j) If climbing or working on structural inside a tank such as side longitudinals, as far as possible a

well secured ladder should be used, if that is not feasible it should be ensured that the safety

harness is hooked securely in cut outs or equivalent secure places in the structural members and

be cautious.

k) Exit and entrances should be as far as possible free of obstructions and illuminated.

l) Openings (such as man holes, cut places, removed floor plates etc) are to be adequately

fenced (only display of danger signs is not enough). Further the warning signs are to be positioned

in such a way that they can be viewed from normal approach route to that area. The openings may

be manned where needed.

m) Ensure that person working is fit, sufficiently rested and not complaining of ill health. Fatigue is

an important factor.

n) In case of heavy weather, the weather conditions are to be continuously monitored.

o) The SMS procedures, permits and checklists are to be complied with without fail. When in doubt

the senior staff is to be contacted.

p) Decks in working areas should have clearly identified non-slip surfaces. This would include

areas used for mooring, walkways, etc.

q) All mooring lines must be stowed neatly to minimize tripping hazards and mooring areas must

be kept clear and unobstructed.

In all cases, common sense and the application of good housekeeping will eliminate or

greatly reduce the everyday hazards of slips, trips and falls.

2.4.2 Handling Paints

There are various types of paints available viz.

Conventional or standard paints which are mainly based on alkyds, synthetic binders which

are a development from linseed oil.

Oxidative paints are air drying paints, for example oil-and alkyd paints

Physically drying paints which dry by releasing very strong solvents. No chemical reaction

takes place only evaporation of solvents. A paint of this type can be re-dissolved in

solvents of the same type as used originally. This group of paints consists mainly of the

chlorinated rubber, vinyl and bituminous (tar and asphalt) paints. As no chemical reaction

takes place, these paints are not temperature sensitive. The only thing that will influence

the speed of curing is the rate of evaporation of the solvent.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

Epoxy paints which consist of paint and curing agent mixed for application.

Antifouling paints which also consist of 2 parts mixed for curing. It offers high resistance to

corrosion and are highly toxic.

Paints are applied as per painting schedule given by the shipyard. For any on board treatment of

paints or curing agents paint supplier’s instructions shall be followed. Surface preparation must be

good. Hot dry weather is ideal for application of paints. First coat shall be applied by hand brush,

for subsequent coats roller brush may be used. When using spray painting machine due care shall

be taken, coveralls, safety shoes eye protection, and gloves must be worn.

Modern paints are ready to use. They do not need thinning - to add any thinner or additive other

than those described for the paint in question will lead to inferior paint work. The durability of a

paint film is dependent on its film thickness - only a paint film of a specified thickness can

withstand wear caused by the sea, wind and mechanical load. A brushed or rolled coat is seldom

thicker than 30 microns. Spray painting gives higher film thickness in one treatment, but needs a

skilled operator to prevent holidays, sagging paint or widely varying thickness and overshoots.

When handling paints following care shall be taken.

Prior entering paint store ensure there are no paint vapors or gases. The space must be

well ventilated.

When handling paints appropriate PPE shall be worn.

MSDS of all the paints shall be posted.

Instruction for use of all paints shall be posted in the paint locker.

All paint/thinner drums shall be kept covered when not in use.

Instruction for use of spray painting machine shall be posted.

All rollers and brushes shall be kept ready to use.

Before applying paint ensure surface preparation is good and weather is dry.

Paint shall be applied only as per painting scheme /manufacturer’s instructions. Painting

scheme shall be posted in the paint locker.

Wet paint areas shall be clearly marked.

After use paint drums shall be disposed as per EMS manual.

All paint brushes, rollers and spray painting machine shall be cleaned and kept ready for

future use.

2.4.3 Handling ropes

Ropes shall be handled in following manner

Ropes should be coiled and stowed in clean, dry and ventilated space when not in use.

When working with blocks, handle the rope far enough away from the block to prevent

hands from getting pulled into the block.

When handling a rope which may suddenly come under tension, avoid placing hands in the

eye, particularly if it is being placed on a bollard or other device that might trap the hand.

Do not stand in the bight or a coil of rope.

Stay clear of all ropes and, when working with ropes under tension, stay out of areas which





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

might become dangerous if the rope should part and recoil.

Always use the right size (strength) of rope for the job.

The strength and fitness for use of ropes is a direct function of physical condition. All lines

should be regularly examined for signs of deterioration.

When not in use all mooring ropes shall be stowed in the store.

All ropes on drums and not in use shall be covered with canvas.

2.4.4 Guarding of machinery

All dangerous parts of machines are to be covered with guards. Grinding machines will have eye

guards permanently fitted. Eye protection is to be worn by anyone using or assisting in using a

lathe, grinder or any other workshop machine where there exists a possibility that a foreign body

may enter the eye. All moving parts of machinery such as lifeboat propeller shaft, pump shaft,

winch motors shall be covered with guard. When working in the vicinity or inspecting such

machinery appropriate PPE shall be worn.

2.4.5 Hearing protection

Damage to hearing from noise is usually the result of long time repeated exposure to excessive

noise levels. Since the damage to hearing is not reversible with time or treatment, it is important to

adhere to the following requirements.

The use of hearing protectors is mandatory for all personnel in designated areas. This

shall include non-company personnel aboard all vessels.

All engine rooms will be designated areas. Entrances shall be posted with signs reading

(or equivalent) "Caution: Hearing Protection Required Beyond this Point". The notice

"Caution: Hearing Protection Required in this Area" shall also be posted in conspicuous

places within the engine room.

Areas other than engine rooms may be designated and shall be treated similarly whenever

the noise level makes ordinary conversation difficult to hear. An example is the pump

room/compressor room, cargo pump room, emergency generator room.

Ear defenders or self-fitting foam earplugs are the recommended protection for most

applications.

Foam earplugs are convenient yet provide ample hearing protection in most situations

when worn properly.

Experience has proven that in noisy areas earplugs make it easier to hear voices and

radios by filtering out high frequency background noise.

To facilitate radio communication, clip the hand microphone (if fitted) of the radio unit to the

collar when in noisy areas.

Dirty earplugs should never be inserted; carry a spare set.

Any persons experiencing difficulty wearing earplugs may wear earmuffs.

Earmuffs or band mounted foam plugs may be preferred by persons who must frequently

go in and out of designated noisy areas for short periods of time.

Earmuffs should be issued to personnel on request and must be kept clean by each user.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

2.4.6 Electric work/Electrical repairs

Work on electrical circuits requires an extra degree of attention due to inherent dangers which can

result in serious burns or fatalities through electric shock.

Before beginning any work involving electrical circuits or equipment, it must be discussed

with the Chief Engineer to determine the potential exposures to electrical shock, any inter-

connecting circuits and the potential effect on ship's operations. The electrical work permit

shall be completed.

Any such work, even after evaluation and following the safety rules herein, must be

planned out with the engineer on watch or engineer in charge of the work and the Chief

Engineer.

No work shall be performed on energised equipment or circuits. It is the responsibility of

the Engineer in charge to isolate such equipment and/or circuits. Furthermore, he is to

place or ensure that a warning tag is placed on the disconnect device or circuits. Where

feasible, a lock shall also be placed on the disconnecting device, locking it in the

disconnected or open position.

No one shall operate such a locked protective device or reconnect such isolated circuits,

except the person who disconnected the equipment in the first instance.

If the time required for the work necessitates a change in personnel, a full appraisal of the

safety steps taken shall be discussed with the incoming personnel. Incoming personnel

are required to accept the responsibility of re-energising or reconnecting the equipment

and circuits and must satisfy themselves that all precautions taken are valid and re-

connection can safely be carried out.

All isolated equipment and circuits shall be tested to assure a safe condition before actual work

begins.

Where work is to be performed on any electrical equipment located on deck/or with a power switch

located on the Bridge/Deck, the Bridge/Deck Officer and where necessary the Crew MUST BE

INFORMED and a proper warning displayed on the Bridge/deck area to avoid any unintentional

switching on of power.

No repairs are to be carried out without first isolating the machine involved and posting a warning

notice at the isolation point. Where work is required on or near live equipment for either the safety

of the ship or testing purposes, the following procedures will be adopted:

Electrical work permit shall be completed

A second person, competent in the treatment of electric shock, will be in attendance.

The working position will be such that no contact will be made with the parts if there is

unexpected movement of the vessel or of the individual ships.

Surrounding area and clothes are to be dry.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

Watches, bracelets and rings are to be removed.

Meter probes should be insulated and well maintained.

2.4.7 Handling Chemicals, Caustics and Acids

Chemicals are used on board for various purposes. Different types of chemicals pose hazards to

humans and environment. Following procedure shall be used before handling any chemical:

Read the label and abide by any instructions.

Wear suitable protective clothing. This will normally consist of a combined eye and face

protector, overalls, gloves and protective footwear. Certain chemicals may also require a

respirator or breathing apparatus to be worn.

Eyewash equipment to be kept next to storage area in prominent position.

MSDS of all chemicals shall be posted in the storage area.

Additionally:

Do not mix any chemicals unless it is known what reaction will occur.

Never use a substance from a container without a label.

If any chemical comes into contact with the skin, wash the area thoroughly and seek

medical advice.

Caustics and acids must receive special attention in storage, handling and use, because they can

cause immediate harm to personnel. They are corrosive and extremely irritating to the skin, eyes

and respiratory tract. Often significant injury may occur even before first aid can be applied.

Personnel must exercise the utmost caution and care when possible exposure to caustics and

acids exists.

Eye protection is mandatory. A face shield and goggles provide good protection to the face.

Hands must be protected by the use of chemical resistant gloves.

Body protection shall consist of chemical resistant aprons and rubber boots.

Rooms in which concentrated acids are used must be open or well ventilated.

Containers must have suitable means to allow extracting the material in a safe manner to

minimise risk of spillage and splashing.

Wear protective equipment when opening containers, because of the possibility of internal

pressure which may cause spraying.

When diluting an acid, pour the acid into the water, stirring constantly. Never pour water

into a strong acid.

When mixing caustic, always add the caustic to the water, to minimise the risk of splashing.

Never add water to caustics.

Always follow any mixing directions that may be on the container.

Empty containers should be flushed and washed thoroughly to eliminate any residue that

might subsequently cause harm.

If acids or caustics come into contact with the body, flush the affected parts for 15 to 20





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

minutes with clean water. This is particularly important for the eyes. Report the incident

and get medical attention.

Acids and Alkalis should never be stored adjacent to and/or on top of each other. They

should as far as is practicable be physically separated in such a manner that in case of

leakage the two should never come in contact with one another.

2.4.8 Material Safety Data Sheets

MSDS provide characteristics of the substance; hazards associated with it and provide steps to be

taken in case of emergency associated with it. MSDS of each parcel of cargo carried on board

shall be posted in a conspicuous place. MSDS of other chemicals and paints carried on board

shall be posted in the location in which they are stored. MSDS shall be referred for any emergency

involving cargo or chemicals.

2.4.9 Portable ladders

Potable ladders are used on board for working at height unreachable by hand. When using

portable ladders following points shall be kept in mind.

Always check to ensure ladder is in good condition before using. Discard any ladder when

the side rail or rungs are bent, deformed or cracked. Never use a ladder when a rung is

missing, the ladder is not sturdy or where either make-shift or major repairs have been

made or attempted.

Portable ladders should have shoes in good non-skid condition.

Place a straight ladder with its feet approximately one quarter the ladder length away from

the vertical surface it rests against at the top.

Be sure the footing is solid and secure and the top rests against a solid surface that will not

give under the pressure of the ladder in use.

Have someone hold the base and secure the top if possible; otherwise secure the ladder at

the bottom.

Use only wooden, fibreglass or other type ladders approved for electrical work when

working on or in the vicinity of electrical circuits.

Never use a step ladder as a straight ladder.

When using a step ladder, make sure the spreader is straight.

When climbing up or down, always face the ladder and use both hands on the rungs.

Never try to carry tools in the hands while climbing a ladder.

Never reach any further than is permitted while keeping the trunk of your body between the

ladder rails.

Always get off a ladder to move it. Never try to move the ladder when on top of the ladder.

Never climb higher than the third rung from the top of straight or extension ladders, nor

than the second tread from the top of step ladders.

Do not paint wooden ladders. Keep all ladders clean of grease and oils.

Ladders are designed to carry only one person.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

2.4.10 Protective clothing and equipment

The Company provides suitable protective clothing and equipment applicable to the work carried

out on the vessel. Any defect in this equipment is to be reported to the Safety Officer. It is the

responsibility of the individual to wear the appropriate protective clothing and equipment where

and when necessary.

Violation of these guidelines may invalidate accident insurance cover in the event of a seaman

suffering an injury.

An inventory of the personal protective equipment onboard the vessel is to be maintained in the

vessels Safety Records Folder.

Refer is also drawn to Appendix 9 & & Section 2.4.11 (Personnel Protection Equipment Matrix)

Overalls

Personnel working in the engine room are to wear long sleeved shirts and long trousers or

preferably long sleeved boiler suits [overalls] to minimise the danger of accidental burns and

scalding.

Cotton overalls or shirts and trousers are required to be worn for work in the engine room and

other hot spaces.

Under no circumstances are NYLON OVERALLS to be worn, in the event of fire the fabric

melts and clings to the skin causing severe injury.

Clothing must be well / close fitting with no holes or tears etc., sleeves must not be rolled up and

the front is to be kept fastened up, no matter how tempting it is to undo it in hot weather. The

clothing must be kept clean.

Clothing which has been saturated with oil or chemicals must be washed or otherwise adequately

cleaned as soon as possible to avoid any fire risk.

Personnel working on or around machinery are not to wear loose clothing, ties or jewellery of any

kind.

Safety Helmets

Helmets should be replaced every 5 years

However, helmets are to be tested and inspected for brittleness, deep scratches or indents from

shocks. The biggest destroyer of helmets is ultra violet light which makes them brittle. If helmets

are out on deck continuously in strong sunlight, they may require replacing as early as every two

years.

The test for helmets is to bend the peak, this should be flexible to a certain extent and should the

peak resist bending and form cracks or lines, the helmet has become brittle and should be

replaced. Another test is to hold the helmet either side and push inwards, if the helmet creaks,

again it has become brittle and past its working life and should be replaced.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

Most helmets have a date clock for replacement stamped into them. This date should be checked

to ensure that the helmets have not gone beyond the renewal date.

All helmets are to be inspected regularly because any helmet over 2 years old could be near the

end of its working life due to brittleness. If there is any doubt, they should be replaced.

A programme for inspecting helmets should be incorporated into the inspection routine for

harnesses and other safety equipment. An inventory of all safety helmets is to be kept onboard

and must be regularly updated

Safety helmets of an approved design must be worn when:

Working on deck at all times

In dry-dock at all times when outside of the accommodation spaces;

When overhead work is being carried out;

When performing heavy maintenance tasks;

When working inside boiler furnaces;

When working inside engine crankcases;

In all emergency situations.

At all times while in Engine room.

Safety Helmets are to be regularly inspected by a responsible officer for damage and in particular

cases for the affixing of labels etc. the adhesives of which adversely affect the integrity of the

helmet material - in these respects the manufacturer’ instructions and guidelines are to be

followed.

Long hair is to be covered by suitable headgear [special hats are available for this purpose] during

any working duties and especially when working on or near to operating rotating machinery.

Safety Shoes

Safety shoes / boots provided by the Company with protective steel toe inserts are to be worn.

Slippers, in particular "flip flop" type sandals and platform shoes, are totally unsuitable for work

especially on Deck, in the Engine Room or in the Galley.

Gloves

It is advisable to wear thin leather palmed gloves at all times whenever possible in the Engine

Room.

Wear the correct industrial gloves when handling certain materials - where appropriate consult the

relevant data sheet.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

Ear Plugs or Muffs

It is strongly recommended that foam plugs or ear muffs of an approved design are worn at all

times in the engine room when the vessel is under way and in other areas of high ambient noise

level.

Eye Protectors

Eyes are particularly vulnerable parts of the body - flying fragments of paint, grit, metal and rust

can cause painful injuries with severe discomfort, particularly if the fragment becomes embedded

in the eye.

This type of injury will be avoided by the correct use of the supplied goggles or safety glasses.

Goggles or safety glasses of an approved design must be worn when exposed to any task that

may result in an eye injury, e.g. working on the lathe, drilling machine, grinder or shaper

Chipping or using de-scaling tools, spray painting, dropping anchor, using portable

grinders, cold chisels and similar tools, Working with batteries

Portable Eye Wash Stations

Portable eye wash stations must be maintained as a minimum in the following locations.: battery

locker, Engine Room work shop, medical locker and other positions as determined by the Master.

Dust Masks

Gauze filter type masks are to be worn at all times when carrying out any work that creates a dusty

atmosphere.

Remember: masks of this type afford no protection in areas containing toxic gases.

Machinery Guards

Machinery guards are to be kept in good condition and in place at all times when machinery is

operating.

Cleaning With Gasoline Or Other Volatile Fluids

The use of gasoline or any other volatile liquids to clean clothing or equipment is prohibited except

in cases where it is totally unavoidable.

If it is necessary to use cleaning fluid of this nature, then adequate and efficient ventilation must be

provided, and wherever possible, the work shall be undertaken on open decks.

Work lifejackets (inflatable or similar)

Work lifejackets must be available and worn by personnel working overside or from a floating

platform or at other times when risk of falling in the water is high. Life jackets must not be used for

this task.

2.4.11 Personal protection equipment matrix





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

PPE matrix shall be followed for wearing appropriate clothes for various operations. Personnel

may wear PPE in addition to mention in the PPE matrix but not less. Prior wearing any PPE a

visual check shall be carried out to ensure it is good order. All PPE shall be worn correctly.

The Personal protection equipment matrix (Appendix 9) is to be displayed in the following

locations:

Bridge

Ship’s Office

Cargo Control Room(where provided)

Engine Control Room

Public Places x 2 (Mess rooms or Notice Boards)

Changing locker

2.4.12 Working clothes

Working clothes supplied by the Company should be regularly washed and kept in a good state of

repair. When working on or near moving parts of a machine, rings and jewellery are to be

removed. Cuffs are to be buttoned up and long hair covered.

2.4.13 Health and Hygiene

The Seafarer is responsible for his own health and hygiene and should adhere to the following:

Prior joining medical check to be completed. Vaccinations to be kept up to date.

Any cuts or burns are to be held under running cold water and first aid treatment sought.

Malaria tablets are to be taken whenever they are issued.

Using barrier creams can prevent dermatitis.

Oil and grease should be washed off the skin as soon as practicable.

Heat exhaustion and heat stroke can be easily avoided by drinking large quantities of

sufficient water.

Keep clean and tidy at all times to prevent infection.

All cabins, stores and other spaces shall be inspected weekly whenever possible and

recorded in the official log book.

2.4.14 Fitness for duty and avoidance of fatigue

Seafarers should always be rested prior to going on duty. The seafarer on duty should not

handover to his relief if he considers that his relief is not fit through fatigue or any other reason.

Guidelines for hours of rest are contained in the SHE Manual – Section 2.6.

2.4.15 Lifting and carrying

Extreme care must be taken when lifting or moving heavy loads. Take time to assess the situation

and plan the operation. Get assistance if there is any doubt as to whether the load can be

managed alone.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

When lifting manually:

Ensure the area involved is free from hazards.

Take a firm and balanced stance with the feet slightly apart.

Keep the back straight and bend the knees to lift or lower the load - let the legs do the

work.

Use the whole hand to grip the load and keep it close to the body.

Carry the load so that it does not obscure your vision.

For any weight above 20kg must not be lifted alone, aid of other person or mechanical

method to be taken.

2.4.16 Swimming pool safety

Notices are to be posted at the swimming pool giving the following warning: NO DIVING.

When swimming pools are not in use or are partially or totally empty then they must be fitted with a

strong safety net so that no-one can fall in accidentally or jump into the pool and injure

themselves. While swimming pool is being used lifebuoy shall be kept in the vicinity of swimming

pool.

2.4.17 Dangers of power tools

Power operated equipment can be dangerous if:

Not properly maintained

The person using the tool is not properly trained.

The flexible cables for electric tools should be in good condition and comply with the relevant

standards of Power Tool Electric Cables

Before using the power tools the operator should ensure that:

The power supply cables and hoses are in good condition and laid out clear of

obstructions, which may cause damage to them.

As far as possible the power cables should not obstruct anyone’s safe passage.

Where the power cables pass through doorways, the doorways should be secured open.

This requirement also applies to electric lights.

Risk of Electric Shock

Risk of electric shock whilst using electric power tools exists when:

The user is perspiring.

Operated in a damp atmosphere.

When working on a large conductive surface.

Under the above conditions power tools must be operated on a low voltage. If this is not possible,

then a residual current device should be used or the work postponed until the right conditions





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

exist. Double insulated tools are not recommended on vessels because water can cause a contact

between the live parts and the casing so increasing the risk of a fatal shock.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions are to be taken wherever possible:

Chain linkages or a safety valve which will cut off the supply to pneumatic tools should be

fitted to prevent whiplash should a power line break.

Accessories and tool pieces (drill bits etc) should be absolutely secure in the tool when in

use.

In particular safety devices on pneumatic tools should be re-placed after a tool piece is

changed.

Accessories and tool pieces should not be changed whilst the tool is connected to its

power supply.

Correct safety guards for appliances are to be securely fixed before use. Should removal

be required for maintenance or repair, then this should only be done by a competent

person. Once the maintenance /repairs have been completed then the safety guard is to

be replaced.

High Noise/Dust Levels

When the operation of power tools causes high noise and/or dust levels, then hearing and/or eye

protection must be worn.

Vibration levels

The vibration caused by reciprocating tools (pneumatic drills, hammers, chisels etc) can cause:

“Dead” or “White Finger”’, this is recognised by numbness in the fingers with increasing

sensitivity to cold. In advanced cases, the hands may become blue with swollen fingers.

Those prone to this disability should not use such tools.

No person should use reciprocating tools for more than 30 minutes without a break.

2.4.18 Working with Burning torches and /or welding equipment

Prior to any burning or welding, chapter 23 and annexes of the Code of Safe Working Practices for

Merchant Seamen must be consulted.

Regarding all work using flame cutting and welding equipment, refer to section 2.1.3.2.

All operators of burning and welding equipment must be trained and competent in the use of the

equipment. Cylinder valves are to be closed when they are not in use.

If required, proper, secure lighting must be in place before work begins.

When working in enclosed spaces, the compartment must be well ventilated with the use of power

fans. Breathing apparatus may be used if so required as burning/welding equipment may give off

harmful gasses and will deplete the oxygen in the space. Personal protective clothing must be





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

worn by the user of the equipment and those assisting, this is so as to protect them from particles

of hot metal, slag and their eyes and skin from ultra violet and heat radiation.

The operator is to wear:

Welding Shield or goggles

Leather gauntlets

Leather apron (in appropriate circumstances)

Long sleeved natural fibre boiler suit (or other approved clothing)

The clothing should be free of grease, oil and other flammable equipment.

Precautions prior to the use of Flame Cutting/Welding equipment

Flame cutting and welding equipment must be inspected prior to use.

In cold weather, be aware that water may be frozen in the equipment and it may be prudent

to thaw it out prior to use.

Before any flame cutting or welding, it must be ensured that there are no flammable

materials below or adjacent to the work area which might catch fire. Such work should not

be undertaken on surfaces covered with grease, oil or other flammable material.

Where necessary all flammable materials must be removed from the area of work.

The other side of bulkheads and deck heads must be checked for the transfer of heat

which may set material on the other side of the bulkhead on fire.

Where flame cutting or welding is to be carried out near open hatches or vents, suitable

screens are to be placed to stop sparks falling down such openings.

All port-holes in the vicinity of the working area must be closed.

When not in use the cylinder valves are to be kept closed.

All cargo tanks, fuel tanks, pipe lines pumps and bends are to be certified as gas free prior

to starting burning or welding in, around or on them. All tanks are to be washed and

cleaned, cargo lines, pumps and bends are to be washed through.

Flame cutting and welding must be properly supervised and a watchman with suitable fire

fighting equipment is to be standing by at all times with checks being made on adjacent

compartments.

Electric Welding Equipment

Precautions prior to using Electric Welding Equipment

Electric welding equipment on board must have a DC supply in order to minimise personal

harm from electric shock. When DC equipment is not available, then A.C. power source

may be used provided that they have a voltage limiting device.

A ‘go and return’ system utilising two cables should be used, the return cable should be

firmly clamped to the work-piece. With regards to earthing the work piece, the

manufacturers instructions are be followed.

To avoid voltage drop in transmission, the lead and return cables must be of the minimum





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

length practicable for the job in hand and of the appropriate cross section. Cables should

be inspected before use. If the insulation is impaired or the conductivity reduced, then they

must not be used. Cable connectors must be fully insulated when connected and so

designed and installed that current carrying parts are adequately recessed when

disconnected.

Electrode holders must be fully insulated so that no live part of the holder is exposed to the

touch, and, where practicable, they should be fitted with guards to prevent accidental

contact with live electrodes and as a protection against sparks and splashes of weld metal.

A local switching device must be provided for rapidly cutting off the current from the

electrode should the operator get into difficulties and also for isolating the holder when

electrodes are changed.

The electrical specification requirements for electric welding machines are contained in

section 23.6 of the Code of Safe Working Practices and they should be checked against

these standards.

Precautions to be taken during Electric Arc Welding

The following precautions must be followed whilst using Electric Arc Welding equipment:

In addition to the protective clothing mentioned earlier, the welding machine operator is to

wear non-conducting safety footwear complying with BS7193.

Clothing should be kept as dry as possible. It is particularly important that gloves are dry as

wet leather is a good conductor.

An assistant must be in continuous attendance during welding and should be alert to the

dangers.

When engaged in difficult work, it may be prudent to have a second assistant. Other

persons who have to be in the vicinity during electric welding operations must be protected

from harmful radiation and sparks by screens.

In restricted areas where the operator may come into close contact with the ship’s

structure, he must be protected by dry mats or wood.

There are increased risks of electric shock if the operator works in hot or humid conditions.

Body sweat and damp clothing greatly reduce the body’s resistance. under such

conditions, the job should be suspended until the conditions are right.

In no way should the operator work standing in water or with any part of the body

immersed. The electrode holder must be isolated from the current supply before electrodes

are changed. The procedure is necessary because some electrode coatings have an

extremely low resistance.

When the welding operation has been completed or suspended, the electrode must be

removed from the holder.

Hot electrode ends should be ejected into a suitable container and must not be handled

with bare hands. Spare electrodes must be kept dry in their container until required for

use.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

Compressed Gas Cylinders

The following precautions must be taken when handling or using compressed gas

cylinders

Empty cylinders should be segregated from full ones and marked accordingly compressed

gas cylinders must always be handled with care whether full or empty. They must be

properly secured and kept upright and be able to be released quickly and removed in the

case of fire in the vicinity.

Protective caps over the valves must be in place with the valves closed when not in use or

being moved.

When two or more cylinders of oxygen or acetylene are carried, the oxygen and acetylene

should be stowed in separate well ventilated compartments that are not subject to

extremes of temperature. The space in which the acetylene is stowed should have no

electrical fittings (Unless explosion proof) or other sources of ignition and have a ‘No

Smoking’ sign stencilled on the compartment.

Fixed steel Gas Piping should be provided from the storage area to the engine room work

shop. Copper, rubber or braided lines should not be used for in place of steel piping.

Braided or rubber lines may be used for the short length from the cylinder heads to the

manifolds within the storage space. All pipe work and fittings should be free of grease.

The following special precautions should be taken with oxygen and acetylene bottles:

Cylinder valves, controls and associated fittings should be kept free from oil, grease and

paint. Controls should not be operated with oily hands.

Gas must not be taken from the cylinders unless the proper pressure reducing regulator

has been attached to the cylinder outlet valve.

Cylinders found to have leaks that cannot be stopped by closing the outlet valve must be

taken onto the open deck away from any sources of heat or ignition and slowly discharged

to atmosphere.

Gas Welding and Cutting Precautions

Whilst this section deals with oxygen and acetylene, other fuel gases may be used and similar

precautions should be taken:

The pressure of the oxygen used for welding must always be high enough to prevent

acetylene flowing back into the oxygen line.

Acetylene must not be used for welding at a pressure exceeding 1 atmosphere gauge as it

is liable to explode, even in the absence of air when under excessive pressure.

Non return valves are to be fitted adjacent to the torch in the oxygen and acetylene lines.

Flame arresters are to be provided in the oxygen and acetylene supply lines and are

usually fitted on the low pressure side of the regulator. They may be duplicated at the





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

torch.

Should a back fire occur, the oxygen valve should be closed on the blow pipe to prevent internal

burning followed immediately by shutting off the acetylene at the blow pipe valve. Following shut

down procedure may then be followed

Check that blowpipe valves are closed.

Slowly open cylinder valves (or gas supply point isolation valves) to avoid sudden

pressurisation of any equipment.

Adjust pressure regulators to the correct outlet pressure or check that the pressures in

distribution pipe work are suitable for the equipment and process.

Open the oxygen valve at the blowpipe and allow the flow of oxygen to purge out of oxygen

hose and equipment .If necessary, reset the pressure regulator to ensure correct working

pressure.

When the fault has been found and rectified, and the blow-pipe cooled down, it may then

be re-lit.

If there is a flashback into the hose and equipment, or a hose fire or explosion, or a fire at

the regulator connection or gas supply outlet points, the oxygen and acetylene should be

isolated immediately at the cylinder valves or supply outlet points if possible. Otherwise,

the general alarm should be raised. A watch should be kept on acetylene cylinders and

should one become hot, it should be removed and cooled with water and the cylinder stop

valve opened fully. If this cannot be done, consideration should be given to jettisoning the

cylinder as any acetylene cylinder which has overheated could explode with an impact.

Only acetylene cylinders of equal pressure should be coupled.

In fixed installations, manifolds must be clearly marked with the gas they contain. Also they should

be such that they cannot be interchanged between the oxygen and acetylene. This includes both

inlet and outlet connections.

Only those hoses specially designed for welding and cutting should be used to connect any oxy-

acetylene blow pipe to gas outlets. Any length of hose in which a flashback has occurred should

be discarded. The connections between hoses and blowpipes must be securely fitted with fittings

which comply with standard EN 1256. Hoses should be arranged so that they do not become

kinked or tangled, or be tripped over or cut, pulled out, burned by falling metal or slag or cause a

cylinder to topple over. Hoses in passageways should be covered for protection. Soapy water only

should be used for detecting leaks. All leaking components which cannot be fixed should be

replaced.

Leaking cylinders must be removed and dealt with as described earlier. Excessive force should

never be used on cylinder valve spindles or hexagon nuts of regulator connections in an attempt to

stop leaks. Neither sealing tape nor other jointing materials are recommended for stopping leaks

between two metal surfaces which are supposed to be gas tight. With an oxygen cylinder, this

could result in the cause of a metal-oxygen fire. Blowpipes must be ignited with a special friction





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

ignitor, stationary pilot flame or other safe means. Should a blowpipe become clogged, it should

be cleaned only with the tools designed for that purpose. To prevent the build up of dangerous

gasses during a temporary stoppage or after completion of work, supply valves on gas cylinders

and gas mains must be securely closed and blowpipes, hoses and moveable pipes should be

removed to lockers that open onto the open deck. Oxygen should never be used to ventilate, cool

or blow dust off clothing.

2.4.19 Housekeeping

Good housekeeping will reduce the risk of accidents and improve shipboard safety. The ship

including the engine room is to be inspected weekly by the Master for cleanliness, tidiness and

general condition. A note to this effect will be made in the Official Log Book. These inspections

are in addition to those required to be carried out by the Safety Officer.

Housekeeping should cover the following

Control of rubbish

Tidy storerooms

Steel bins, with lids, for collecting oily waste, emptied frequently.

Store and use items such as cleaning fluids, paints, solvents aerosols and other highly

flammable material as directed by the manufacturer.

At the end of the working day secure them in the designated stowage, e.g. put the lids back

on!!

All spillages are to be wiped up immediately and dirty rags disposed of safely.

Close doors of empty compartments and switch off unnecessary lighting and other

electrical equipment.

Laundry must be kept free of accumulations of clothing that constitute a fire hazard.

Drying rooms should not have any inflammable material in the vicinity of the Heater.

Hot surfaces particularly diesel engines must be free of any evidence of fuel, diesel, and

lubricating oils.

Purifier rooms and fuel and lubricating oil handling areas must be clean and well ventilated.

All loose gear in Machinery spaces, stores and steering compartment must be properly

secured.

Machinery spaces and steering compartment must be clean and free from obvious leaks and

the overall standard of housekeeping and fabric maintenance must be satisfactory.

All bilges must be free of oil, rubbish and sediment.

Access to all accommodation spaces, machinery spaces, steering gear room, service spaces

and stores must be free of any obstructions.

General condition, visual appearance and cleanliness of the hull, superstructure and weather

decks must be satisfactory.

The hull must be maintained free of oil stains, extensive coating breakdown or excessive

marine growth.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

All internal spaces, storerooms and accommodation must be clean, free from debris and tidy.

Forecastle space must be maintained free of water.

General condition of all electrical equipment including conduits and wiring on deck, in

machinery spaces and inside accommodation must be maintained in satisfactory condition at

all times.

In vessels fitted with pump rooms, the machinery, pipework with fittings, valve glands and

instrumentation must be maintained in good order and free of leaks. The pump room bilges

must be kept free of any cargo products. The pump rooms must be kept well illuminated when

in use.

General tidiness and good housekeeping are essential aspects of fire prevention. Accumulations

of rubbish, such as packing material and shavings, full waste paper baskets, and ash trays

containing paper are common examples of potential fire hazards

2.4.20 Eye wash and protective equipment

The Company requires that Eye Wash and Protective Equipment (Aprons, Face Shield {Not

Goggles} and Rubber Gloves), are to be kept and used in the following areas:

Battery Lockers

Paint Store

Chemical Locker

Purifier Room (Where cleaning facilities are provided)

Additional Eye Wash facilities are also to be provided in the following areas:

Engine Control Room

Cargo Control Room

Hospital

Bridge

2.4.21 Lighting

All spaces including machinery spaces and store rooms shall be adequately lit. All the lights shall

be covered. There shall be not loose wires. All the lights must also have bonding wires. Any

modification to the lighting shall be done by electrical officer in consultation with the master.

2.4.22 Guard rails around openings:

Any opening, through which a person may fall, including open hatches, should be adequately and

securely fenced or otherwise guarded so as to prevent a person falling. Warning signs should be

exhibited.

2.4.23 Cold water survival





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

Human body temp is 37’c when body comes in contact with cold water or air it tends to loose heat

which can be detrimental to body. Initial response of body is it starts shivering making an attempt

to generate heat subsequently it becomes numb and slowly leads to unconsciousness and death.

Hence it is very important to ensure the body is kept warm. Clothes do not keep body warm by

themselves. Body keeps generating heat and layer of air trapped between the body and clothes

keeps body warm. Loss of heat from body is called hypothermia.

To protect body from getting affected by hypothermia following points shall be kept in mind.

Plan emergency well in advance, action to be taken in emergency, route to muster point,

location of lifejacket ,immersion suits warm clothing.

Operation of survival equipment must be known to all.

Before abandoning even in tropics wear as much warm clothing as possible and immersion

suit if available.

Put on lifejacket as soon as possible in an emergency situation.

When abandoning try to board lifeboat or life raft without entering water. Take anti sea

sickness tablets as soon as possible.

If immersion in water is necessary enter gradually.

Swimming increases body heat loss swim only to a nearby safe refuge.

To reduce body heat loss try to float in water with legs together elbows to your side and

arms folded across the front of your lifejacket.

In survival situation force yourself to have the will to survive.

2.4.24 Precautions for Hydrogen Sulphide

The number of cargoes containing significant quantities of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is increasing.

In addition, levels of hydrogen sulphide contained within the cargoes is also increasing.

Accordingly, staff should be well aware of these inherent dangers besides the recommended

methods of handling cargoes containing H2S.

Low Levels of H2S

The odour or hydrogen sulphide gas can be perceived at levels as low as 0.10 ppm (parts per

million). At levels of over 25ppm, it may cause the human sense of smell to fail. Low levels can

cause eye irritation, dizziness, coughing, and headache.

High levels of H2S

At high exposures (usually greater than 50 ppm), H2S deadens the sense of smell after a few

inhalations, which may lead to the inhalation of a toxic or fatal dose (which can occur at 100 ppm).

At high levels, hydrogen sulphide gas may paralyze the lungs, meaning that the victim may then

be unable to escape from the toxic gas without assistance.

The danger of mishaps occurring is not uncommon when personnel enter spaces which may have

inadequate ventilation such as Cargo tanks, Slop Tanks & bunker tanks. Since H2S gas is heavier

than air, its concentration is highest near the bottom of enclosed spaces.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

The H2S Concentration in vapour will vary greatly and is dependent upon factors such as

Liquid H2S content.

Amount of air circulation

Temperature of Air and Liquid

Liquid level in the tank

Amount of agitation

Therefore the Cargo Tank Vapour Pressure will rapidly increase if vapour space is exposed to

heat or the product is agitated.

Crude oil washing may increase the vapour pressure and should begin at a relatively low pressure

and, preferably, while maintaining a relatively high discharge rate.

All information and instructions concerning the toxicity hazards of petroleum cargoes supplied by

cargo shippers and/or owners should be noted and followed, in addition to guidelines in ISGOTT

or SIGTTO, whichever applies. MSDS for the current cargo should be available and displayed.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

Precautions during cargo/bunker operations where the vapour contains H2S:

Masters should endeavour to ascertain from the supplier the H2S content of cargo/bunker to be

received. When handling liquid cargo/bunker with a noticeable or known hydrogen sulphide

content the following precautions are to be followed:

The officer supervising the operations must keep a sharp watch on personnel for signs of

fatigue or distress.

Lifelines, breathing apparatus and resuscitator must be readily available.

When ullaging the cargo/bunker tanks, personnel are to work in pairs and stand at right

angles to the wind direction in relation to the ullage opening and stay clear of the tank air

pipes.

Other spaces into which H2S may have been drawn should be ventilated and the

atmosphere checked before entry.

Persons overcome by H2S should be moved to a gas free area immediately and artificial

respiration should be administered at once using the Resuscitator initially if available.

Oxygen should be administered and medical advice sought.

Gas tests must be made on deck and in the accommodation at regular intervals and

particularly during "topping-off" operations. If concentrations of 10 PPM and above are

recorded inside the accommodation, or 50 PPM on deck more than 3 meters from air pipe /

ullage opening, the cargo/bunker loading rate must be reduced and if this does not result in

a decrease of the H2S gas concentration cargo operation / bunkering must be stopped until

conditions have improved.

Where Charterer’s / Operators / Owner’s instructions stipulate otherwise, then those are to be

followed in consultation with vessels’ superintendents.

2.4.25 Working on Lathe Machine

The most common causes of death and injury from metal lathes include:

Entanglement of clothing in moving parts, such as drive gears, chucks, lead and feed

screws and the work piece

Being hit by loose objects on the lathe, such as check keys, tools or swarf.

Entanglement from inappropriate tooling and polishing techniques

Being struck by a work piece that has not been adequately secured in the lathe or is

oversized.

The following precautions must be taken for lathe operation to mitigate above hazards:

1. Only trained and authorized personnel should be allowed to operate the lathe.

2. The User manual should be available to personnel operating the lathe.

3. During task planning, choose appropriate cutting speeds, feed rate and chip thickness.

4. Ensure use of appropriate PPEs – Safety helmets, goggles and safety shoes; but gloves

should not be worn when operating the lathe.

5. Ensure that the operator is wearing close fitting clothes with sleeves rolled back (no catch





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

points), all jewelry (including watches, rings, bracelets, chains etc.) are removed and long

hair is tied back before operating the lathe.

6. Ensure that the workstation is well lit with appropriate lighting that do not produce a

flashing effect - eg. Fluorescent light can make a spinning lathe appear to have stopped.

7. Ensure headstock and carriage are clear of any clutter / unsecured objects (eg. cutting

tools). Only equipment required for the job should be placed in this area - measure tools

etc.

8. Ensure emergency stop button/pedal is clearly identifiable ( eg. red) and can be reached by

workers from all position when operating the lathe.

9. Ensure that guards are in place and safety devices, where fitted, are functioning – limit

switches for gear case door, saddle travel etc.

10. Ensure that the work piece is clamped securely to the jaws of the chuck by:

a. Using a chuck appropriate for the work piece being machined. Use independent

chuck for gripping round, square or irregular-shaped work, or machined work

requiring heavy cutting (independent chuck has greater gripping power than self-

centering chuck)

b. Using appropriate sized chucks so that the chuck jaws are not fully extended to

clamp the oversized work piece.

c. Ensuring that the chuck rating is within the required rating for the lathe.

11. Ensure that worn or damaged tools are removed and not used.

12. Ensure couplings and clamps selected are not damaged and do not have any catch points

or protrusions where the worker could get caught.

13. Use steadies to support long slender work pieces between centres or to support outer end

of long piece held in chuck for drilling or boring.

14. The work piece should not protrude beyond the back of the head stock .Use work pieces of

minimum length to prevent bar protruding from the headstock. The speed should be based

on the size and material of the work piece and that of the cutting tool – not to stop the bar

whipping. Long work pieces should be steadied with the tailstock or bed mounted steady.

15. Install barrier to stop workers entering space near the lathe. A review of the working area

should also be conducted before start of work to ensure that there is no conflict with other

personnel in the workshop. Using the area adjacent to the lathe as a storage location

and/or positioning equipment or tools in this area should also be avoided.

16. Ensure correct methods are used for polishing work pieces with emery cloth as follows :

a. Use a backing board or good quality wood

b. Use the tool post to place the emery cloth on

c. Hold emery cloth only by ends, never to be used wrapped around hands or all the

way around the work piece

d. Ensure speeds (rpm) are not excessive

e. Ensure there are not protruding bolts or counter weights on the work piece.

Similar precautions should be applied to all other fixed workshop machinery, particularly milling and shaping machines where provided must be operated strictly by trained/qualified personnel only.





Revision 5

of 24

Site ALL

The C/E, in conjunction with the familiarization training, should satisfy himself of the competency of engineering staff in using workshop machinery before allowing them to use this equipment.

2.4.26 Working on Pedestal Grinding Machines

The following precautions must be taken with regard to the use of pedestal grinding machines:

1. The wheel must be fitted by a competent person, be suitable for the machine the fastening

nut correctly adjusted.

2. A guard should be provided enclosing the wheel not in the area of the rest piece. A screen

should be provided for the work area.

3. The work rest should be correctly adjusted as close as practical to the wheel (max.

1.5mm).

4. The wheel should be dressed on a regular basis to ensure the work face is true. The side

of the wheel should not be used for grinding.

5. Eye protection should be worn during grinding. Loose clothing should not be worn and the

work piece not held with rag or pliers that may slip.

6. The work place should be, as far as practical, away from traffic areas.

Refer to COSWP – Sec. 20.6 for further guidance on working with Abrasive wheels.

17 5890-she-chap 2-sect 4-personal safety

Documents