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SVURPGCET2012:SYLLABUS

Test17:GEOLOGY

SECTION:A

PaperIPHYSICALGEOLOGY,CRYSTALLOGRAPHYANDMINERALOGY

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY: General aspects, Definition of Geology Basic assumptions of Geology. Its

relationshipwithothersciences BranchesofGeology AimandApplicationofGeology.Earth asa

planet:Itsshape,size,densitymovementsandtheireffects.

Geological processes:ExogenicandEndogenic;Definitionof weathering typesofweatheringof

rocks physical and chemical; definition of erosion and denudation; cycle of erosion; Erosion,

transportationanddeposition;Agentsoferosion.

Rivers: Erosion, transportation and deposition of river (fluvial) cycle in different stages

development of typical landforms by river erosion and deposition V shaped valley. Waterfall,

alluvialfans,meander,oxbowlake,floodplain,naturalleeves, peneplain anddelta.Typesofrivers.

Glaciers: Definitionofglacier typesofglaciers development oftypicallandforms ofglacialerosion

anddeposition Cirque,shaped valley Hangingvalley,Roches moutennes. Moraines, drum lins,

kame,eskersandvarves,characteristicfeatures of glaciatedregions.

Ground water: Storage of ground water porosity, permeability, aquifer; water table zone of

saturation, artesian well, spring and geysers; development of typical and forms by erosion and

depositionbygroundwater(Karsttopography)sinkhole,caverns,stalactitesandstalagmites. seacliff,

seacave,

spit,

bar

marine

deposits

coral

reefs,

lakes

origin

of

lakes,

importance

of

lakes,

lauchstring

deposits.

Wind: Developmentofcharacteristicfeaturesbywinds (aridcycle)erosionanddeposition pedestal

rock,mushroomtopography,inselberg,ventifacts loessanddunes.

Earthquakes:Causes,kindsofearthquakewaves,modeofpropagation,intensityofearthquakes,

Scale,seismographandRichter'sseismogram.Effectsofearthquakes,earthquakezones.

Interiorofearth:StructureandconstitutionofVolcanoes Partsofatypicalvolcano,productsof

volcanoes,originofvolcanoes.

Mountains:Types,causesofmountainbuilding;geosynclines,Basicconceptsofisostasy,continental

driftandplatetectonics.

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

Definitionof

acrystal

amorphous

and

crystalline

states;

morphology

of

crystals

face,

edge,

solid

angle,interfacialangle

Forms:Simple,combination,closedandopenforms.

Symmetry:Plane,axis,andcenter.Crystallographicaxes,parameters,indices;Crystallographic

Notation parametersystemWeiss,indexsystemofMiller.

Classificationofcrystalsinto7systems.

Morophologicalstudyofthefollowingclassesofsymmetry.

I. Cubicsystem Normal(GalenaType)

II. TetragonalSystem ZirconType

III.HexagonalSystem BerylType

IV.Trigonal

System

Calcite

Type

V. Orthorhombicsystem Barytestype.

VI. Monoclinicsystem Gypsumtype

VII.Triclinicsystem Axinitetype.

Twinningincrystals:Definitionoftwin,twinplane,twinaxisandCompositeplane.

MINERALOGY:Definitionofamineral classificationofminerals intorock formingandore forming

minerals.Physical properties of minerals colour, streak, play of colours, Opalescence, asterism,

transparency, lustre, luminiscence, flourescene; form,hardness,tenacity,cleavageparting, fracture;

sp.ravity;magneticproperties,electricalpropertiespyroandpiezoelectricity.

Modesofmineralformation;occurrenceandassociationofminerals.Chemicalpropertiesofminerals

isomorphism solid solution, polymorphism allotrophy, pseudomorphism, radioactivity, silicate

structure.Descriptive

Mineralogy

study

of

physical

properties,

chemical

properties

and

mode

of

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occurrence of the following mineral groups. Nesosilicate Olivine & garnet, Aluminium Silicates,

Sorosilicate Epidote, CyclosilicateBeryl, Inosilicate Pyroxene,Amphibole Phyllosilicate,Mica and

Hydrousmagnesiumsilicates;Tectosilicate Feldspars, feldspathoid,andMiscellaneous staurolite,

TourmalinZircon,Calcite,Corundum,apatite.

OPTICALMINERALOGY:Opticalpropertiesofminerals.Isotropicandanistropicsubstances;polarised

light,refractiveindex,totalreflection,doublerefraction,uniaxialandbiaxialminerals;Nicolprismand

its construction, concept of crossed nicols Petrological microscope (Polarizing) its mechanical and

optical parts behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic minerals between crossed nicols extinction,

pleochroism,interference

colours.

Optical

properties

of

important

minerals.

SECTION:B

PaperIIPETROLOGYANDSTRUCTURALGEOLOGY

PETROLOGY

Natureandscopeofpetrology definitionofrock;Classificationofrocks into igneous,Sedimentary

andmetamorphic;distinguishingfeaturesofthethreetypesofrocks

Igneous Rocks: Classification into plutonic, hypabyssal and volcanic rocks; forms Lava Flows,

intrusionssills,

Laccolith,

lopolith,

dykes,

ring

dykes,

cone

sheets,

volcanic

necks,

phacolith,

batholith

Structures Vesicular,amygdaloidal,blocklavaandropylava,pillow,flow,jointing,sheeting,plates,

columnar, prismatic. Textures definition of textures, microstructures, devitrification,

allotriomorphic, hypidiomorphic, pan idiomorphic, ophitic, intergranular, intersertal, trachytic,

graphic, micrographic. Reaction structuresCoronas, Myrmekite, Orbicular, Spherulitic, perilitic.

Classification of igneous rocksCIPW and Tyrrel tabular classifications and constitution of magma,

crystallization of magma, unicomponent, binary system with eutectic, solid solutions;Origin of

igneous

rocks;Bowen`sreactionprinciple;differentiationandassimilationDescriptivestudyofthe following

igneousrocks granite,granodiorite,syenite,nephelinesyenite,diorite,porphyry,pegmatite,aplite,

gabbro, anorthosite, peridotite, Pyroxenite, dunite, dolerite, rhyolite, obsidian, pumice, trachyte,

andesite,basalt.

Sedimentary Rocks: Sources of Sediments Mechanical and chemical weathering, modes; of

transportation,sedimentaryenvironments.

Definitionsofdiagenesis:lithificationandcementation,stratification.

Sedimentary structures: types of bedding, surface marks deformed bedding, solution structures.

Classification of sedimentary rocks clastic rudaceous, arenaceous, argillaceous, nonclastic

calcareous, carbonaceous, ferruginous, phosphatic, evaporites.Descriptive study of the following

sedimentary rocks conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, grit, arkose, greywacke, Shale, limestone,

shellylimestone.

MetamorphicRocks:Definitionofmetamorphism,agentsofmetamorphism,typesofmetamorphism,

grades and zones of metamorphism. Metamorphic minerals stress and anti stress minerals

Structuresofmetamorhicrocks cataclastic,maculose,schistosegranuloseandgneissoseTextures of

metamorphic rocks Crystalloblastic, palimpsest, xenoblastic, idioblastic.Classification of

metamorphic rocks conceptofmetamorphic facies.Cataclasticmetamorphismofargillaceousand

arenaceous rocks Thermal metamorphism argillaceous, arenaceous and calcareous (limestones)

rocks.Dynamothermalmetamorphismofargillaceous, arenaceous and basicigneousrocks.Plutonic

metamorphism, metasomatism and additive processes Definition of anatexis and palingenesis

Descriptivestudy of the following metamorphicrocks gneissSchist,Slate,phyllite,quarzite,marble,

granulite,eclogite, amphibolite,migmatite.Indianrocks khondalite,charnockite,gondite.

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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY:Definition of structural geology, aims and Objectives of the structural

geology; Importanceof studyof structures.Primaryand secondary structures;outcrop,attitudeof

bellstrike,dip,apparentdip;useof clinometer.Primary structuresasmarkers, Folds description,

geometric classification of folds, recognition of folds in the field. Jointsgeometrical and genetic

classificationofjoints. Faults Geometricalandgeneticclassificationoffaults,recognitionoffaultsin

thefieldeffectsoffaultsontheoutcrops.

Unconformities definitionofunconformity typesofunconformities,recognitionofunconformities

inthefielddistinguishingthefaultsfromunconformities.Definitionofoverlap,offlap,outlier,inlier,

cleavage,schistosity,foliationandlineation.

SECTION:C

PaperIIIPALAEONTOLOGY,INDIANGEOLOGYANDECONOMICGEOLOGY

PALAEONTOLOGY: Definition of Palaeontology and fossils, conditions for preservation, modes of

preservation, uses of fossils.Study of Taxonomy, classification, Morphology and Geological and

geographical distribution of the following invertebrate fossils. Phylum Echinodermeta, Phylum

Brachiopoda, Phylum Mollusca, Phylum Arthropoda,Monograptus, Calceola, Cidaris, Micraster,

Spirifera, Products, Terebratula, Turritella, Pectin, Gryphea, Nautilus, Belemnites, Calymene,

Paradoxides,Glossopteris,Gangamopteris,Ptyllophyllum.

INDIANGEOLOGY:Definitionofstratigraphy;stratigraphicpriciples;definitionsofgeologictimescales;

principles of correlation Physiographic sub division of India with their stratigraphic and structural

characteristics,aBreifstudyoftypearea, distributionin India,lithology,fossilcontentandeconomic

importance of thefollowinggeologicalgroupsofIndia Dharwars,puranas cuddapahs,Vindhyans,

Kurnools,Gondwanas,Triassicofspiti,Jurassicof kutch,cretaceousofTrichy,Deccantrapsandtheir

age,siwalikswithvertebratefossils.

ECONOMICGEOLOGY:Definition of Economic Geology,mineral resources and theirpeculiarities,

ore, gangue,tenor,syngenetic deposits, epigeneticdeposits,endogeneticandexogeneticdeposits.

Classification of Mineral deposits Bateman's classification modified by Jenssen.Processes of

formationof

mineral

deposits

magmatic

concentration,

contact

metasomatism,

hydrothermal

cavity fillings and replacement, sedimentation, residual and mechanical (placer) concentration,

oxidation and supergene enrichment, metamorphism;Study of important ores their chemical

compositionPhysical propertiesmodeofoccurrenece,distribution in India

andusesofthefollowingmetals Gold,Copper,lead,Zinc, Aluminium,Iron, manganese, chromium,

uraniumand thorium (radio activeminerals)

Chemical composition, Physical properties, mode of occurence and distribution in India Minerals

requiredforthefollowingindustries.

Refractories

Abrasives

Steel

Cement

Ceramic

Insulators

Fuels CoalandPetroleum,theirorigin,occurrenceanddistributioninIndia.Majormineralresources

ofAndhraPradesh asbestos,barytes,coal,mica,clays, limestone,bauxite,petroleum,manganese,

gemstones.

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