17 september 20031 sme statistics oecd workshop sme data and methodologies in the eu - item 5 paul...
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17 September 2003 1
SME Statistics OECD Workshop SME Statistics OECD Workshop
SME data and methodologies in the EU - item 5Paul Feuvrier / Eurostat
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
17 September 2003
1 The European legal framework for SME statistics
2 Data availability 3 Methodological issues 4 Statistical Disclosure Control (statistical
confidentiality) 5 Quality indicators
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
17 September 2003
1 The European legal framework for SME statistics– the SBS-Regulation in short, data broken down
• by NACE Rev.1 4-digit level• by NACE Rev.1 3-digit level and size class (SME statistics)• by NACE Rev.1 2 or 3-digit level and Region (NUTS)• other data sets
– environmental protection expenditure– purchase of energy products– etc...
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
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SME data = part of the SBS Regulation – Module on definitions– Business Register Regulation– Statistical Units Regulation
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
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Four specific modules– Services (common module) - 5 variables – Manufacturing - 10 variables– Trade - 5 variables – Construction - 10 variables
For each module– specific size class breakdown
• more detailed breakdown for small businesses size bands
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
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Size bands simplified – from reference year 2002 onwards
• Commission Regulation No 1614/2002• mainly to prevent too many confidentiality problems
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
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2 Data availability– NewCronos = Eurostat dissemination database– Reference and updated database
• theme4/sbs/sizclass – Annual enterprise statistics broken down by size
classes
– Historical database• theme4/hist_theme4/SME• “old” joint OECD/Eurostat data collection• no longer updated, as a NewCronos warning clearly puts it
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SBS Size class data availability in NewCronos - State of the art 15/9/2003S = Services T = TradeM = Manufacturing C = Construction
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001S M T C S M T C S M T C S M T C S M T C S M T C S M T C
BBUCYCZDKDEEELEFHUIRLILTLVLNLAPLPROFINSISKSUKEU15NO
= series available in NewCronos
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• EU-15 totals data by size class available for reference year 1999 and 2000– Germany < 20 not available beforehand…
• Acceding countries totals ACC (10 countries) available in NewCronos end of September 2003
• EU-25 available in NewCronos on 1/5/2004
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
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3 Methodological issues– Eurostat performs quality checks before any data
release– Implementation problems encountered at national
level• Level of detail of size class data
– Difficult to implement for some small countries• One size hardly fits all…
– Still a single size class breakdown is necessary (and relevant) for computation of reliable EU-15 totals
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– Completeness• The existence of cut of values used to be the most serious
problems related to SBS– Data related to enterprises with more than x persons
employed used to be available• instead of > 1 person employed requested by the
Regulation• Depending on the availability of a Statistical Business Register
including small businesses– and on its quality…
• Removal of cut of values = main achievement of SBS-Regulation– Germany, among others, made dramatic efforts top comply
with the Regulation and cover <20...
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
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– Remaining problematic countries as regards cut of value• Greece
– >10 persons employed in all industries• Ireland
– >20 persons employed in Construction• Hungary
– >5 persons employed in all industries• That’s it for reference year 2001!
– Other countries >1 person employed in all industries• More problems for historical data...
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
17 September 2003
– Implementation problems encountered at national level• small and medium-sized enterprises are defined as
enterprises which have: – fewer than 250 employees, – an annual turnover not exceeding € 50 million– an annual balance-sheet total not exceeding € 43
million.– Which are independent
• in particular not affiliate of any enterprise group.
SME Statistics Workshop OECD
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4 Statistical Disclosure Control (statistical confidentiality)– Member States send confidential data to Eurostat...– …so that Eurostat is in a position to calculate
European totals...– … and to release them as soon as the protection is
not broken
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– Cells of detailed tables contain information either on a single or very few respondents• --> implementation of measures to limit disclosure risk
– Main method implemented by Eurostat so far = Cell suppression• Assessment of disclosure risk connected to each step• Suppression of sensitive cells
– primary suppression• Secondary suppression
– primary suppression not enough to prevent disclosure because of the additive relationship between the cells
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5 Quality indicatorsCoefficients of variations of size class data at EU level In %NACE Rev,1 3-digit level C to K without JVariable: TurnoverReference year: 1999
1-19 20-249 250 +p10 3,8 0,9 0,0p25 5,0 1,6 0,0p50 6,7 2,5 0,0p75 9,4 4,6 0,0p90 12,1 40,2 0,6
Source: Eurostat
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– Variance takes into account• survey design• non response• misclassification
– To that respect, CVs clearly higher for small businesses than for large ones, • Accuracy of SME data not as good as the one of large
businesses statistics• Mainly because small businesses are not completely enumerated
– take some stratum• Large businesses are
– take all stratum
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• Other problems posed for large businesses– industrial heterogeneity
• secondary activities– statistical coverage of enterprise groups
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Conclusions– Eurostat database on SMEs of high quality
• timeliness– data available at T+20
• accuracy– CVs available
• availability• completeness
– coverage of small businesses almost fully achieved• comparability
– legal framework for concepts and definitions
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– Yet some challenges ahead for Eurostat work on SMEs:• Still some cut off values to remove...• Reflection on a distinction between
– independent SMEs– SMEs affiliates of groups
• Improving the quality of R&D variables for SMEs– where the relevant statistical unit is probably more the
enterprise group than the enterprise• Improving the consistency between SBS - SME data and
SBS - Business Demography data