1 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

Useof3DPrintedAntennasforRFEnergyHarvestingPurposes

CharlotteBlair,PhDANSYS,INCLeadApplicationEngineer– HighFrequencyProducts

KateDuncan,PhDUSArmyPrincipalInvestigator– PrintedRFStructuresGroup

2 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

Abstract

RFEnergyharvestingusing3Dprintedmaterialsisagrowingapplicationbothincommercialandmilitaryapplications.RFenergyharvestingistheuseofindirectorscatteredenergytoenablewirelesschargingoflowpowerdevicessuchasbatteriesforradios,GPSdevicesoranyothersensors.Themilitaryisinterestedinkeepingthesedeviceslightweightandenergyefficientasthedevicesthattheyneedtocarrycanaddonadditionalweightofupto15pounds.Thispaperwill focusontheeffectsofusingdifferent3Dprintedmaterialsandfabricationtechniquestocreateaplanarantennaat1GHz.Bothpatchandslottypeofantennaswillbeinvestigated.Thedimensionallengthandwidthandproximityofthelinescreatedwiththedifferent3Dprocesseswillbeinvestigatedastheydirectlyimpactthefunctionalityofeachantennaanditsrelatedcircuitry.Theplanarityofthe3Dprintedsurfacewillalsobeaddressedaspartofthisinvestigation.

3 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

Agenda

IntroductionandContext

SimulationoftheConnectedSoldierandBattlefieldEnvironment

Application :3DPrintedAntennaDesignforEnergyHarvesting

WrapUpandQ&A

4 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

WhyEnergyHarvesting/Scavenging

• Notanewconcept(solar,wind,thermal,RF,piezoelectric,etc )

• ProliferationofportableIOT

• Re-useofalreadyavailableenergy

http://nikolateslasolar.blogspot.com/2015/07/radiant-energy-harvesting-night-time.html#!/2015/07/radiant-energy-harvesting-night-time.html

5 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

Battlefield– HarshRFEnvironmentTheadaptationoftheInternetofThings(IoT)tomilitaryapplicationsprovedtohaveasubstantialimpacton

soldiersonanoffthebattlefield.Theconceptofthe“ConnectedSoldier”reliesonmultipleradiosforcommunications,navigation,dataandvideolinks.

6 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

IntroductionandContext

Buttobesuccessful,technologyunderpinningtheconnectedsoldiermustovercome5commonengineeringchallengesthatthe“InternetofThings”justmadeawholelotmoredifficult

• Size,weight,powerandcooling• SensingandConnectivity• SafetyandReliability• Integrationintothebroaderenvironment• Durability

7 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

Agenda

IntroductionandContext

SimulationoftheConnectedSoldierandBattlefieldEnvironment

ApplicationDeepDive:3DPrintedAntennaDesignforEnergyHarvesting

WrapUpandQ&A

8 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

WirelessCommunicationforBattlefieldSecurity…

9 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

SmartWearableTechnologiesforTheConnectedSoldier…

Man-PackUHFLosAntenna(225-400)MHz

SMARTGLASSESPIFAAntenna @2.45GHz

SMARTWATCHAntenna@2.45GHz

10 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

SmartGlassesTechnologyIntegration

SMARTGLASSESPIFAAntenna @2.45GHz

11 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

SmartWatchTechnologyIntegration

SMARTWATCHAntenna@2.45GHz

Bio-SensorAntenna(400-450)MHz

Bluetooth Antenna(2.4-2.485)GHz

12 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

BattlefieldWirelessCommunication

13 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

IntroductionandContext

SimulationoftheConnectedSoldierandBattlefieldEnvironment

ApplicationDeepDive:3DPrintedAntennaDesignforEnergyHarvesting

WrapUpandQ&A

Agenda

14 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

3DPrintedSubstrate

• MakerBot – 1.7filament

• Expansionofmetaltrace(100umspreadafterprint)

• Material:ABSer=2.2

• 3Dprintnozzlesize

• Planarity- Smoothbysandingsurfaceoffsteppedsurface;Hole/gapfillwithepoxy

15 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

HFSSSimulatedQuarterWavePatchAntenna

Er=2.6ABSThickness:50um

16 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

HFSSSimulatedInsetFedPatchAntenna

Er=2.6ABSThickness:50um

17 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

HFSSSimulatedMicrostrip SlotAntenna

Er=2.6ABSThickness:50um

18 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

SimulatedRectifyingCircuit

• Schottky barrierdiode− halfwave− Voltagedropof.14- .45V

0

RF_IFInIF_RFOut

Model SimpleDiode

D216 10pF

C277

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

1923 FEB 17

Fabrication and Measurement – APG• Antenna, rectenna tested separately then together• Matching Network (Z11) created from measured S parameters

Tuning and Rectifying StructureFabrication of 2.4 GHz Patch Antenna

Fabricated 2.4 GHz Rectenna

20 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

CouplingAntennas

• ExplicitHFSSsimulationwith2patchantenna

• Effectsofclothonpatch

• EffectofsoldieruniformusingSBR+simulation

21 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

SoldierManPatchAntennaCoupling

22 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

InsetPatchtoQuarterWave PatchCoupling– MainBeam

Distance ReceiveVoltage3in .48V

1m .12V

23 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

AntennaDesignonMilitaryVehicle(Humvee)

EPLRSAntenna(420-450)MHz

SINCGRSAntenna(30-88)MHz

HFAntenna(2-30)MHz

GPSL1&L2BandsAntenna

UHFLosAntenna(225-400)MHz

CREWAntenna(375,750,1500)MHz

SATCOMAntenna

Cross-dipole overfinitegroundplane

AntennaDesignusingANSYSHFSS

24 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

Agenda

IntroductionandContext

SimulationoftheConnectedSoldierandBattlefieldEnvironment

Application :3DPrintedAntennaDesignforEnergyHarvesting

WrapUpandQ&A

25 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“THEINTERNETOFTHINGSFORCONNECTEDSOLDIERS&BATTLEFIELDSECURITY”

ANSYSInc.- LailaSalman,FredGerman,Bence Gerber,ChrisQuanhttp://www.ansys.com//media/Ansys/corporate/images/other/nafems/Connected-Soldier-Extended-Abstract-LS-2.pdf

26 ©2017ANSYS,Inc. May22,2017 ANSYSConfidential

ANSYSVideo– ConnectedSoldier