1780-1820 - chaminade visual arts · 1780-1820 the revival of classical greek & roman painting,...
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1780-1820
The revival of classical Greek & Roman painting, sculpture, and architecture
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¡ Thelate18thandearly19thcenturieswereatimeofquickanddrasticchangeinWesternsociety:Revolutions;TheChurchlostitsinfluenceonsocieties;Monarchiesweretoppled;Industrializationandurbanizationfilledthecitieswithpoordissatisfiedpeople;thefastpaceofscientificprogress;theproblemsofunrestrainedcapitalism.
¡ AmericagainedindependencefromEnglandthroughwar.Francewas
almostbankruptthroughtheirfinancialsupportofAmerica.¡ Franceexperiencedtheirrevolution(1789-99)toridthemselvesoftheir
absoluteMonarchyLouisXVIandreplaceditwithademocraticrepublic.OnlyeventuallytobereplacedbythedictatorshipofNapoleonBonaparte,whoreinstatedthemonarchyandnamedhimselfNapoleonI,EmperorofFrance.
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• Preferredtheuseofcool,dignified,andimposingstylethatlookedbacktoGreek,Roman,andRenaissanceartandarchitecture.• HecalleditNeoclassicism(NewClassicism).• HesawhimselfasaRomanEmperor• HeusedarttoglorifyhisauthorityandpromoteasenseofloyaltyandpatriotismwithinthegrowingstrengthofFrance.• Thestyletouchedeveryaspectoflife:Furniture,styleofdress,painting,sculpture,architecture,andcrafts.• TheofficialacademiesmadesurethatNeoclassicalidealswereupheld.
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David,OathoftheTennisCourt,1792
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David,OathoftheHoratii,1784
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¡ NeoclassicismwasbegunbyNapoleonBonapartewhoadmiredtheancientclassicalstyle.
¡ ThepurposeofNeoclassicismwastobringroyalstatusonitsartworks.ItmadedirectreferencetotheancientGreek&RomanpastaswellastheRenaissance.
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¡ Thediscovery,in1738,ofPompeiiandHerculaneum,twoRomancitiesburiedbyvolcanicrockandashfromMt.Vesuviusin79AD,fuelledNapoleon’sfascinationwithRomanhistory,styles,andartifacts.ThisledtoanincreasedinterestinClassicalthemes.
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TheColosseum
EmperorAugustus
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ThePantheon
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Jacques-LouisDavid,OathoftheHoratii,1784
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Uccello,BattleofSanRomano
Similarities?• Sceneplaysoutinforeground–Stage-like• Gesturesbysoldiers• Pyramidalcomposition• 3groups• Perspectiveelements
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Raphael,SchoolofAthens
Similarities?• ClassicalRomanarchitecture• FiguresareRoman• Archesusedto“frame”keyfigure
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Veronese,ChristintheHouseofLevi
Similarities?• 3RomanArches• Centrearchframescentralfigure• 3maingroups• Stage-like
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Bernini,EcstacyofSt.Teresa
Similarities?• Pyramidalcompositionofwomen• Clothing?• Expression?
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• BeganpaintingunderKingLouisXVI• Aftertheking’sexecution,duringtheFrenchRevolution,heembracedtheNeoclassicalstyle
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HispaintingswereintendedtorousefeelingsofloyaltyandpatriotisminhisfellowFrenchmenbyusingallegory–referencetoRomansoldiersandtheirfamiliesdemonstratingsacrificeforone’scountryoverloveorfamily
OathoftheHoratii
TheTennisCourtOath
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• Absoluteclarity• Edgesarehardandcrisp• Figuresareagainstaplain,neutralbackground• Dramatic,stage-likesetting• Dramaplaysoutneartheviewers• Useofpyramidalcompositioncreatescalmnessandstability• Deliversmessagethroughallegory DeathofSocrates,1787
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TheDeathofMarat,1794
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• ThemostfavouredartistunderNapoleon’sreign• HisportraitsofNapoleonalwaysemphasizedhispowerand/orrevealaspectsofhispersonality
NapoleonCrossingtheAlps,1800 NapoleoninHisStudy,1812
WhatdotheseportraitstellusaboutNapoleon?
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CoronationofNapoleonandJosephine,1805-07
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• Likemostartists,IngresspenttimeinRometostudytheRomanruins• HeacceptedtheGreekphilosophythatartshouldimitatenature,however,hethoughtthatartistsshouldorganizenatureintheirpaintings,leavingoutwhatdoesnotcontributetoanorderlycomposition.
LouisedeBroglie,Countessed'Haussonville,1845
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• ApupilofDavidandoneofthemainsupportersofNeoclassicism’srigidrules• Hisworksshownoevidenceofbrushwork• Worksarecool,analyticalandundramatic• Usedthepyramidalcomposition
Ingres:ApotheosisofHomer,1827
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ValpinconBather,1808
TheTurkishBath,1862
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• ThisportraitshowsIngres’trademarksofpolishedskinsurfaceandsimpleformscontouredbylines,incontrasttotheirregulardrapery.• MoreManneristthanRenaissanceduetoitsdistortion.Where? 3extravertibraeinherspinewereaddedtoaccentuatethe
sensuouscurvesofthefemalenude
(HaremGirl)