17sh1101 - probability, statistics and computational

17SH1101 - PROBABILITY, STATISTICS AND COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES

Instruction/week: 4 hrs. Max. Sessional marks: 40

Univ. Exam: 3 hrs. Univ. Exam marks: 60

UNIT - I

PROBABILITY, RANDOM VARIABLES AND DISTRIBUTIONS:Sample space and

events, probability, the axioms of probability. Random variables, Discrete distribution,

Continuous distribution, Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, Normal distribution,

Normal approximation to Binomial distribution.

UNIT - II

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS:Tests of hypothesis point estimations, interval estimations.

Large samples, null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, critical region, confidence interval for

mean, difference between the means, single proportion and difference of proportions. t -

distribution, F-distribution and Chi-square distribution.

UNIT - III

SOLUTIONS OF ALGEBRAIC AND TRANSCENDENTAL EQUATIONS:Bisection

method, Regular Falsi method, Iteration method, Newton Raphson method.

INTERPOLATION:Newton‟s forward interpolation, Newton‟s backward interpolation,

interpolation with unequal intervals, Lagrange‟s interpolation, Newton‟s divided difference

interpolation. Derivatives using Newton‟s forward formula, derivatives using Newton‟s

backward formula.

UNIT - IV

CURVE FITTING AND NUMERICAL INTEGRATION:Curve fitting: Fitting a straight

line, second degree curve, exponential curve, power curve by method of least squares.

Numerical integration, Newton cote‟s formula, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson‟s 1/3 rule,

Simpson‟s 3/8 rule.

UNIT - V

NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:Single

step methods: Taylor‟s series method - Euler‟s and modified Euler‟s methods - fourth order

Runge-Kutta method for solving first and second order equations multi step methods:

Milne‟s and Adam‟s, predictor and corrector methods.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Grewal B.S (2007), Higher Engineering Mathematics, 40th edition, Khanna Publishers,

New Delhi.

2. Iyengar T. K. V., Krishna Gandhi B. & Others (2011), Probability and Statistics, 3rd

Revised Edition, S. Chand &Company Limited, New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1. Iyengar T. K. V., Krishna Gandhi B. & Others (2011), Mathematical Methods, 6th Revised

Edition, S. Chand &Company Limited, New Delhi.

2. Bali N. P, NarayanaIyengar N. Ch (2004), A Textbook of Engineering Mathematics, 6th

edition, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi.

3. Sastry S. S (2005), Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, 4th Edition, Prentice

Hall of India Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.

17PS1101 - COMPUTER METHODS IN POWER SYSTEM



UNIT-I

INCIDENCE AND NETWORK MATRICES: Graphs, Incidence matrices, Primitive network

formation of network matrices by singular transformation, Bus admittance and bus impedance

matrices, Branch admittance and branch impedance matrices, loop impedance and loop admittance

matrices, Formation of network matrices by non-singular transformations, Branch admittance and

branch impedance matrices, loop impedance and loop admittance matrices

UNIT-II

ALGORITHM FOR THE FORMATION OF NETWORK MATRICES: Algorithm for

formation of bus impedance matrix, Addition of a branch, Addition of a link and modification of bus

impedance matrix.

UNIT-III

THREE PHASE NETWORKS: Three phase network elements, Algorithm for formation of

three-phase bus impedance matrix.

UNIT-IV

SHORT CIRCUIT STUDIES: Short circuit calculations using Zbus , fault currents and voltages,

short circuit calculations for balanced three phase network using Zbus.

UNIT-V

LOADFLOW STUDIES: Review of basic power system load flow techniques, Decoupled and

fast decoupled loadflow methods, Sparsity techniques and applications.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Advanced methods in power system Analysis and Dynamics” by L.P. Singh, Wiley

Eastern2.“Power systemanalysis” byD.V.Ramana, Pearson publications.

3. “Modelingof power system components” by P.S.R .Murthy, BS publications.

REFERENCES:

1. “Computer methods in Power system Analysis” by Stagg and Et.Abiad, Mc-Graw Hill publishers

2. “Modern power system analysis” by D.P.Kothari&I.J.Nagarath Tata Mcgra hill publishers

3. “Power system Analysis” by HadiSaadath, Tata Mcgrahill publishers.

4. “Computer aided power system analysis” by George L.Kusic, Prentice Hall of India.

17PS1102 - HVDC & FACTS



UNIT-I

DC POWER TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY: Introduction- Comparison of AC and DC

Transmission, Converter station, Description of DC Transmission systems, Choice of voltage level,

Modern trends in DC transmission.

ANALYSIS OF HVDC CONVERTERS: Pulse number, Choice of converter configuration,

Valve rating, Transformer, Simplified analysis of graetz circuit with and without overlap, Rectifier

and Inverter waveforms, Converter bridge characteristics.

UNIT-II

CONVERTER AND HVDC SYSTEM CONTROL: Principle of DC link control, Converter

Control characteristics, System and control hierarchy, Firing angle control, Current and excitation

angle control.

UNIT-III

REACTIVE POWER REQUIREMENTS IN STEADY STATE: Introduction, Reactive

power requirements in steady state, Sources of reactive power, Static Var systems, Reactive power

control during transients.

HARMONICS AND FILTERS: Introduction, Generation of harmonics, design of AC filters, DC

filters

UNIT-IV

FACTS CONCEPT: Transmission interconnections, Relative importance of controllable

parameters, basic types of FACTS controllers brief description and definitions of FACTS controllers.

STATIC SHUNT COMPENSATORS: Objectives of shunt compensation, static VAR

compensators: SVC &STATCOM, comparison between STATCOM &SVC

UNIT-V

STATIC SERIES COMPENSATORS: Objectives of series compensation, concepts of GCSC,

TSSC, TCSC, SSSC.

COMBINED COMPENSATORS: Unified power flow controller(UPFC) and interline power

flow controller(IPFC)

TEXTBOOKS:

1. “HVDC Power Transmission Systems” by K.R.Padiyar, New Age International publishers.

2. “Understanding FACTS” by NarainG,Hingorani, LarsloGyugi, Standard publishers.

REFERENCES:

1.“High Voltage Direct Current Transmission” by J. Arrillaga.

2.“FACTS controllers” by K.R.Padiyar, New age international publication

17PS1103 - POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL



UNIT – I

LOAD – FREQUENCY CONTROL ANALYSIS: System Behavior, Modeling of single area

system , evaluation of system performance, supplementary control, modeling of multi area system,

uncontrolled two-area system static response, control strategy of multi area system, characteristic of

Tie-line frequency, Bias control, Inadvertent interchange, dynamic response state variable model of

two – area system.

UNIT – II

SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS : Symmetrical short – circuit analysis, symmetrical components

and sequence impedances, development of zseq-an Ilustration, fault configuration and equations,

general analysis of short circuit simplification of the model, symmetrical short-circuit capacity and its

use, sparse z.matrix.

UNIT – III

TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS : Derivation of Swing equation, representation of

synchronous machines, modeling of network and load, solution procedure, numerical methods an

illustration fast stabilities analysis, predicting stability, equal area criterion, long – duration Transient

stabilities, study factors affecting transient stability, dynamic stability study, transient stabilities,

study of interconnected system.

UNIT – IV

OPTIMUM OPERATING STRATEGIES :Generation mix, Optimum dispatch, Optimum

Economic dispatch: Cost function, constraint relations incremental generation costs, optimum

dispatch equations, inequality constraints, computation considerations.

UNIT – V

OPTIMUM GENERATOR ALLOCATIONS CONSIDERING TRANSMISSION

LOSS: Analysis of two-bus system , analysis of N-generator case incremental transmission loss,

computational procedure, Scheduling of hydro power plant- short term hydro thermal scheduling.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Computer Aided Power System Operation and Analysis” by P.N.DHAR, Tata MC Graw-

Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1987.

2. “Computer Aided Power Systems Analysis” by George L Kusic, PrenticeHall of India Private

Limited 1989.

REFERENCES:

1. “Elements of Power System Analysis” by Stevenson, W.D., MC Graw-Hill, Kogakusha,

1975.

2. “Electric Energy Systems Theory” by Olle I Elgerd.

17PS1104 - POWER QUALITY



UNIT - I

LONG INTERRUPTIONS AND RELIABILITY EVALUATION : Over view of power

quality , power qualities and power quality standards , observation of system performance standards

and regulation , overview of reliability evaluation , basic reliability evaluation techniques , cost of

interruptions , comparison of observations and reliability evaluation , example calculations.

UNIT - II

SHORT INTERRUPTIONS :Introduction , Technology , origin of short interruptions ,

monitoring of short interruption. Influence on equipment , single –phase tripping and stochastic

predication of short interruptions.

UNIT – III

VOLTAGE SAGS –CHARACTERIZATION : Introduction , voltage sag magnitude , voltage

sag duration , three phase unbalance ,phase –angle sumps magnitudes and phase –angle jumps for

three – phase unbalanced sags, other characteristics of voltage sags , load influence on voltage sags

,sags due to starting of induction motors.

UNIT – IV

VOLTAGE SAGS-EQUPMENT REHAVIOUR :Introduction, computers and consumer

electronics, adjustable – speed AC –drives adjustable speed DC – drive other sensitive load.

UNIT – V

VOLTAGE SAGS – STOCHASTIC ASSESSMENT: Compatibility between equipment and

supply, presentation of results: Voltage sag coordination chart, power quality monitoring, the method

of fault , positions, the method of critical distances.

TEXTS BOOKS:

1. “Understanding power quality problems” by Math H.J. Bollen , standard poblishers

distributors , 2001

2. “Electric power systems quality” by R.C. dugan , M.F. MC Gran aghan and H.W. Beaty, MC

Graw Hill New york 1996

3. “Electric power quality control Techniques” by W.E. Kazibew and M.H. Sendavla , Van

Nostrad Reinhold , New York.

REFERENCES:

1. “Analysis of Faulted Power Systems” by P.M. Anderson , New York : IEEE Press, 1995.

2. “Power Electronics and Motor control”by W.Sheperd L.N. Hulley and D.T.W. Liang,

2nd

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1995.

ELECTIVES

17PS11E1 - ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (EDS)



UNIT – I

INTRODUCTION : Introduction to Distribution Systems – Classification of loads (Residential,

Commercial, agricultural and Industrial) and their characteristics – An overview of the role of

computers in distribution system planning, load modeling (impedance type and motor based loads)

and characteristics – coincidence factor – contribution factor and loss factor.

UNIT – II

DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: Distribution feeders and substations – design

considerations of distribution feeders – Radial and loop types of primary feeders – voltage levels –

feeder loading – Basic Design practices of the Secondary Distribution System – Distribution System

Practices – High voltage and low voltage distribution systems and their salient features different types

of HVDs.

Location of Substations – Rating of Distribution Substations – Service area with „n‟ primary feeders.

Benefits derived through optimal location of substations.

UNIT – III

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS :Voltage drop and power loss calculation – Derivation for

voltage drop and power loss in lines – Manual Methods of Solution for Radial Networks - 3

balanced primary lines.

UNIT – IV

PROTECTIVE DEVICES AND CO-ORDINATION: Objectives of Distribution system

protection, Types of common faults and procedure for fault calculations – Protective Devices –

Principles of Operation of Fuses – Circuit Breakers – Co-ordination of protective devices – General

co-ordination procedure.

UNIT – V

COMPENSATION FOR POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT AND VOLTAGE CONTROL–

Capacitive compensation for power factor control – Different types of power capacitors – Shunt and

Series capacitors – effect of shunt capacitors (fixed and switched) – Power factor correction –

capacitor allocation – Economic justification – Procedure to determine the best capacitor location –

equipment for voltage control – effect of series capacitor – effect of AVB / AVR, line drop

compensation.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. “Electrical Power Distribution System Engineering” by TuranGonen, Mc-Graw Hill book

Company.

2. “Electric Power Distribution” by A.S.Pabla, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publication Company 4th

Edition

REFERENCES:

1. “Electric power distribution and automation” by Dr.S.Sivanagaraju, Dr.V.Sankar

17PS11E2 - DISTRIBUTED GENERATION



UNIT-I

ENERGY CONVERSION: Introduction-principle of Renewable energy systems-grid-supplied

electricity-Distributed generation-Technical and social implications

UNIT-II

SOLAR ENERGY: Overview of solar energy conversion methods-solar radiation components-

collector-measurements-Estimation-solar water heating-calculation-types-analysis-economics-

applications-solar thermal power generation

UNIT-III

DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION(DEC):DEC devices-photo voltaic system-solar cells-cell

efficiency-limitations-PV modules-Battery backup, system design-lighting and water pumping

applications.

UNIT-IV

FUEL CELLS: Types- losses in fuel cell- applications; MHD generators-application of MHD

generation.

WIND ENERGY: Characteristics-power extraction-types of wind machines-Dynamics matching-

performance of wind generators-wind mills-applications-economics of wind power

UNIT-V

BIOFUELS: Classification- Biomass conversion process- applications; Ocean thermal energy

conversion systems; Tidal and Wave power-applications; Micro and Mini hydel power, Hybrid

energy systems-implementation-case study

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Renewable energy sources” by Twidell J N&Weir AD‟ University Press, Cambridge

2. “Non conventional energy sources” by Rai G D, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

3. “Solar energy-principle of thermal collection and storage” by Sukhatme,S.PTaTaMcGraw

Hill

4. “Direct energy conversion” by Soo SL Prentice Hall Publication

5. “Fuel cell systems” by James Larminie, Andrew Dicks John Weily&Sons Ltd.

REFERENCES:

1. “Principles of solar engineering” by Kreith F and Kreider JF ,McGraw Hill

17PS11E3 - POWER SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION



UNIT-1

Measurement of large currents and voltages, current and voltage transformers, design equations and

operational characteristics, error compensation schemes.

UNIT-II

TRANSDUCER INSTRUMENTATION: Primary sensors, voltage and current generating analogue

transducers, variable parameter analogue transducers, transducer selection factors.

UNIT-III

DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION: Introduction, Basic measurement system, Digital voltage

measurement, Frequency measurement, Time measurement.

UNIT-IV

TELEMETRY SYSTEM: Introduction to information transmission, Basic ideas.

POINT TO POINT TELEMETERING: Basic principles, pneumatic and electrical system, voltage

and current telemetry.

UNIT-V

INSTRUMENTATION ASSOCIATED WITH POWER PLANT: Centralized control and

measurement in Thermal, Hydro, Nuclear power plants. Power line carrier principles.

TEXT BOOK:

1. “Electrical Instrumentation and measuring Techniques”by Cooper Helfrick, Prentice Hall

India.

REFERENCES:

1. “Instrumentation Mesaurement and Analysis”, by D.C.Nakra and K.K.Chowdhry, TaTa

McGraw Hill

17PS11E4 - SMART ELECTRIC GRID



UNIT-I

Introduction to Smart grid-Smart grid functions-Advantages-Indian Smart grid

UNIT-II

Key challenge for smart grid-Smart grid Architecture-Components and Architecture of Smart grid

Design

UNIT-III

Transmission and Distribution automation-Computational intelligence techniques-Distribution

generation technologies

UNIT-IV

Introduction to Renewable Energy Technologies-Micro grids-Storage technologies-Electric Vehicles

and plug-in hybrids-Environmental aspects

UNIT-V

Synchrophasor measurement units(PMUS)-Wide area measurement systems(WAMS)-Control of

smart power grid system

TEXTBOOKS:

1. “Renewable and Efficient Electric power system”, by Gil Masters ,Wiley-IEEE Press 2004

2. “Synchronized phasor measurements and their Applications”, by A.G.Phadke and J.S.Thorp,

Springer,2008

REFERENCES:

1. Wind Power in Power systems by T.Ackermann,2nd

Edition,John Wiley and Sons,2012

17PS1201 - ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION



UNIT - I

STATIC RELAYS : advantages of static relays – Basic construction of static relays – Level

detectors – Replica impedance – mixing circuits – general equation for two input phase and

amplitude comparators – Duality between amplitude and phase comparator.

UNIT - II

AMPLITUDE COMPARATORS: Circulating current type and opposed voltage type rectifier

bridge comparators – Direct and Instantaneous comparators.

PHASE COMPARATORS : Coincidence circuit type block spike phase comparator , techniques

to measure the period of coincidence – integrating type – Rectifier and vector product type phase

comparators.

UNIT – III

STATIC OVER CURRENT RELAYS: Introduction – Instantaneous over current relay – Time

over current relays – basic principles – Definite time and inverse definite time over current relay.

UNIT – IV

STATC DIFFERENTIAL RELAY: Analysis of static differential relays –static relay schemes –

Duo bias transformer differential protection – Harmonic restraint relay.

UNIT – V

MULTI – INPUT COMPARATORS: Conic section characteristics – Three input amplitude

comparator – Hybrid comparator – switched distance schemes – Poly phase distance schemes – Phase

fault scheme – Three phase scheme – combined and ground fault scheme.

MICROPROCESSOR BASED PROTECTIVE RELAYS: Introduction- Over current relays.

TEXTS BOOKS:

1. “Power Systems protection Static Relay” by T.S. Madhava Rao, Tata Mc Graw Hill

Publishing Company Limited , Second Edition – 1998.

2. “Power System Protection and Switchgear” by Badri Ram and D.N. Vishwakarma, Tata

McGraw Hill Publication Company Loimited First –Edition – 1995.

3. “Power System Protection & Switchgear” by B.Ravindranath & M. Chander, New Age

International Publication.

REFERENCES:

1. “ Protective Relays , Theory & Practice (Vol.II ) by A.R.Van C. Warrington , Chapman &

Hall Edition , London

2. “Protective Relaying for Power Systems” by Horowitz ,, IEEE Press.

17PS1202 - POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS & STABILITY



UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION: System model, Analysis of steady state stability, Analysis of transient

stability.

UNIT-II

MODELING OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE: Introduction, synchronous machine, Park’s

Transformation, Analysis of steady state performance, per unit quantities.

UNIT-III

EXCITATION AND PRIME MOVER CONTROLLERS: Excitation system, Excitation

system modeling, Excitation systems- standard block diagram, system representation by state

equations.

UNIT-IV

DYNAMICS OF A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR CONNECTED TO INFINITE

BUS: System model, synchronous machine model, application of model 1.1, calculation of Initial

conditions.

UNIT-V

Small signal Analysis with block diagram representation, characteristic equation and application of

Routh-Hurwitz criterion, synchronizing and damping torques analysis, small signal model : state

equations.

APPLICATION OF POWER SYSTEM STABILIZERS: Introduction, Basic concepts in

applying PSS, control signals.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Power system dynamics, stability and control” by KR Padiyar, BS Publications

2. “Power system stability & control” by P. Kundur, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Professional.

REFRENCES:

1. “Power system dynamics and stability” by Peter. W. Sauer & M.A. Pai, Stipes Publishing

L.L.C 2006

2. “Power system stability Vol. I and III” by E.W. Kimbark, John Wiley and sons.

17PS1203 - AI TECHNIQUES IN POWER SYSTEMS



UNIT-I

INTORDUCTION TO NEURAL NETWORKS: Introduction, Humans and computers,

organization of brain, Biological neuron, Biological and artificial neuron models-Introduction, neural

network models, architectures, knowledge presentation, learning process, learning tasks.

UNIT-II

FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS: Introduction, perceptron models, Discrete and

continuous perceptron networks, perceptron convergence thorem, limitation of perceptron model,

applications.

ANN PARADIGM: Back propagation, RBF algorithms, Hope field networks.

UNIT-III

GENETIC ALGORITHMS: Introduction, encoding, fitness function, reproduction operators.

GENETIC MODELING: Genetic operators- crossover and mutation, generational cycle,

convergence of genetic algorithm.

UNIT-IV

CLASSICAL AND FUZZY SETS: Introduction to classical sets, properties, operations and

relations; Fuzzy sets, membership, uncertainty, properties, fuzzy relations, cardinalities, membership

functions.

UNIT-V

FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS: Fuzzification, membership value assignment,

development of rule base and decision making system, defuzzification to crisp sets, defuzzification

methods.

APPLICATION OF AI TECHNIQUES: Load frequency control, speed control of dc and ac

motors

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Neural networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms: synthesis and application” by

Rajasekharan and Rai, PHI publication

2. “Introduction to Artificial Neural systems” by Jacek M.Zuarda, Jaico publishing house.

REFERENCES: 1. “Fuzzy Control” by Kevin M. Passino, Stephen Yurkovich, Addison-Wesley(1998)

2. “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications” by Thimothy J Ross, Mc-Graw Hill New york

(1997)

17PS1204 - VOLTAGE STABILITY



UNIT –I

INTRODUCTION TO VOLTAGE STABILITY: Definitions-Voltage Stability, Voltage

Collapse, Voltage Security; Physical relation indicating dependency of voltage on reactive

power flow; Factors affecting Voltage collapse and instability; Previous cases of voltage

collapse incidences.

UNIT-II

GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE STABILITY: Comparison of Voltage and

angular stability of the system; Graphical Methods describing voltage collapse phenomenon:

P-V and Q-V curves; detailed description of voltage collapse phenomenon with the help of

Q-Vcurves.

UNIT-III

ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE STABILITY: Analysis of voltage stability on SMLB system: Analytical treatment and analysis.

Voltage Stability Indices : Voltage collapse proximity indicator; Determinant of Jacobin as

proximity indicators; Voltage stability margin.

UNIT-IV

POWER SYSTEM LOADS:

Loads that influences voltage stability: Discharge lights, Induction Motor, Air-

conditioning, heat pumps, electronic power supplies, OH lines and cables.

Reactive Power Compensation: Generation and Absorption of reactive power; Series and

Shunt compensation; Synchronous condensers, SVCs; OLTCs; Booster Transformers.

UNIT-V

VOLTAGE STABILITY MARGIN: Stability Margin: Compensated and un-compensated systems.

Voltage Security: Definition; Voltage security; Methods to improve voltage stability and its

practical aspects. TEXT BOOKS: 1. “Performance, operation and control of EHV power transmission system”-

A.CHAKRABARTHY, D.P.KOTARI and A.K.MUKOPADYAY, A.H.Wheeler Publishing,

I Edition, 1995.

2. “Power System Dynamics: Stability and Control” – K.R.PADIYAR, II Edition,

B.S.Publications. REFERENCE: 1. “Power System Voltage Stability”- C.W.TAYLOR, Mc Graw Hill, 1994

17PS1205 - REACTIVE POWER CONTROL



UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION: Reactive requirements of a transformer, magnetizing MVAR requirements of

transformer, tap changing in transformers, Effect of reactive loading on distribution transformers,

generation of harmonics, distribution lines. Reactive capability of a synchronous generator,

capacitors, static converters.

UNIT-II

Stability of a power system, criteria for stability, effect of capacitors on a stability load ability of a

line, dynamic voltage stability, transient stability, dynamics of load characters, varieties of static var

controllers.

UNIT-III

REACTIVE POWER PLANNING IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: Planning of

distribution system, Economic justification for reactive power planning, Zonal reactive power

requirements- EHV and UV Low tension capacitors, placement in distribution substation and upside

capacitors, retrofitting of capacitor banks.

UNIT-IV

REACTIVE POWER MANAGEMENT: Lighting loads total reactive power requirement of

lighting load in India, Harmonics, and other loads.

UNIT-V

REACTIVE POWER PLANNING: Controls of LT capacitor bank, types of automatically

controlled relays, basic disadvantages by power factor of control, susceptibilities of APFC relays,

different methods of harmonic reduction,; shunt capacitors, tuned capacitor filters, damped fitters,

fitting efficiencies, filters on LT & HT networks.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. “Reactive Power Management” by D M Tagare, Tata McGraw-Hill Education in 2011

REFERENCES: 1. “Reactive power control in Electric power systems” by T.J.E.Miller, John Wiley and sons,

1982

ELECTIVES

17PS12E1 - POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS (PST)



UNIT-I

TRANSIENTS IN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS : Introduction, importance of the type of

netural connection switching a 3 – phase reactor with an isolated neutral three phase capacitance

switching , the symmetrical component method for solving three phase switching transients dealing

with Y transformers, circuit reduction.

UNIT – II

TRAVELLING WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINES: Circuits with distributed cobstants,

the wave equation, reflection and refraction of traveling waves, behavior of traveling waves at line

terminators, lattice diagrams , attenuation and distortion of traveling waves, multi –conductor systems

and multi- velocity waves.

UNIT – III

LIGHTING: The scope of the lighting problem, the physical phenomenon of lighting , interaction

between lighting and power systems, factors contributing to good line design.

UNIT – IV

TRANSIENT IN THE INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM :Introduction, the short line or

kilometer fault, line dropping and load rejection voltage transients on closing and reclosing lines.

UNIT –V

Over voltage induced by faults, switching surges on an integrated system, transients in the industrial

power network.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Electrical transients in Power Systems” by Allan Greenwood, Wiley Interscience,1991

REFERENCES:

1. “Transients in Power Systems” by Harold A.Peterson, John Wiley & Sons.

17PS12E2 - POWER SYSTEM RELIABILLITY



UNIT-I

BASIC RELIABILITY CONCEPTS: The general reliability function, the exponential

distribution, Mean time to failures, series and Parallel systems, Markov Process, continuous Markov

process, Recursive techniques, simple series and parallel systems models.

UNIT-II

GENERATING CAPACITY-BASIC PROBABILITY METHODS: The generation system

model, Loss of load indices, capacity expansion analysis scheduled outages. Load forecast

uncertainty, Forced outage rate uncertainty. Loss of energy indices. The frequency and duration

method.

UNIT-III

TRANSMISSIONS SYSTEMS RELIABILITY EQUATION: Radial configurations,

conditional probability approach. Network configurations state selection.

UNIT-IV

GENERATION PLANNING: Comparative economic assessment of individual generation

projects. Investigation and simulation models. Heuristic and linear programming models. generator

and load models.

UNIT-V

TRANSMISSION PLANNING: Deterministic contingency analysis – Probabilistic transmission

system reliability analysis. Reliability calculations for single area and multi area Power systems.

DISTRIBUTION PLANNING: Network configuration design- consistency schemes- security

criteria configuration synthesis.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. “Power system reliability Evaluation” by Roy Billinton ,Gordon and Breah, science publishers.

2. “Power System Engineering & Mathematics”, by U.G.Kight ,Pergamon Press.

REFERENCES: 1. “Forecasting methods & applications” by Wheel wright and Makridakis

2. “Reliabillity evaluation of Power systems” by John Wiley Roy Bililnton and Ronald Allan

Pitam ,Advanced Pub. Program, chapters 2,3,6

17PS12E3 - EHVAC TRANSMISSION



UNIT – I

VOLTAGE GRADIENTS OF CONDUCTORS : Electrostatics , field of sphere gap, field of

line charges and their properties, charge –potential relations for multi – conductor lines, surface

voltage gradient on conductors, examples of conductors and maximum gradients on actual lines,

gradient factors and their use, distribution of voltage gradient on sub –conductors of bundle, design

of cylindrical cages for corona experiments.

UNIT – II

CORONA EFFECTS – POWER LOSS AND AUDIBLE NOISE : Corona loss formula,

charge – voltage (q-v) diagram and corona loss ,attenuation of traveling waves due to corona loss,

audible noise: generation and characteristics, limit of audible noise, A-N measurement and meters,

formulae for audible noise and use in design , relation between single – phase and three-phase AN

levels, day –night equivalent noise level, examples of A-N levels from EHV lines .

UNIT-III

THEORY OF TRAVELING WAVES AND STANDING WAVES: Traveling waves and

standing waves at power frequency, differential equations and solutions for general case, standing

waves and natural frequencies, open –ended line: response to sinusoidal excitation, line energization

with trapped charge –voltage, corona loss and effective shunt conductance, the method of Fourier

transforms, reflection and refraction of traveling waves, transient response to systems with series and

shunt lumped parameters and distributed lines.

UNIT– IV

OVER VOLTAGE IN EHV SYSTEMS CAUSED BY SWITCHING OPERATIONS : Origin of over voltages and their types, short circuit current and circuit breaker, recovery voltage

and the circuit breaker, over voltages caused by interruption of low inductive current, interruption of

capacitive currents ferro – resonance over voltages, calculation of switching surges – single phase

equivalents, distributed parameter line energized by source , generalized equations for single phase

representation , generalized equations for three phase systems inverse Fourier transforms for the

general case, reduction of switching surges on EHV systems , experimental and calculated results of

switching surge studies.

UNIT – V

EHV TESTING AND LABORATORY EQUPMENT : Standard specifications , wave shapes

for testing, properties of double –exponential wave shapes, procedures for calculating ,, ., wave

shaping circuits, principles and theory .Impulse generators with inductance .Generation of switching

surges for transformer testing .Impulse voltage generators , Practical circuits, Energy of impulse

generators .Generators of impulse currents, Generators of high attenuating test voltage, High direct

voltage measurement of high voltages .General layout of EHV laboratories.

TEXTBOOKS: 1. “Extra high Voltage AC transmission Engineering “ by R.D. Begamudra, Wilen Eastern Ltd.

REFERENCES: 1. “High voltage Engineering “ by Naidu M.S. and Karmaraju , V.T.M.H. Pub .Co. High

voltage technology – Alston L.L. Oxford University Press.

17PS12E4 - ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING



UNIT –I Theory of Fourier transform, Properties- power and limitations short time Fourier transformation –

The Gabor transform –Discrete Time Fourier transformation and filters banks

UNIT –II Theory of Adaptive signal processing FIR adaptive filters-steepest descent adaptive filter, adaptive

Recursive filters LMS algorithms – conversions of LMS applications –noise cancellation –channel

Equalization

UNIT –III Wavelet transforms- Continuous Wavelet transform, Wavelet transform ideal case, discrete wavelet

Transform, Properties of Wavelets, Applications of wavelet transforms.

UNIT –IV TMS320 Family overview 320C24X series of DSP controllers, Architecture overview , C24X CPU

Internal Bus Structure, Memory Central Processing unit , Memory and I/O Spaces , Overview of

Memory and I/O Spaces, Program control Address Modes System Configuration and Interrupts

clocks and low Power Modes Digital input / output (I/O)

UNIT –V Assembly language Instruction, Instruction Set summary, Instruction Description, Accumulator,

arithmetic and logic Instruction, Auxiliary Register and data page Pointer Instructions , TREG,

PREG, and Multiply Instruction ,Branch Instructions , Control Instructions I/O and Memory

Instruction

TEXT BOOKS: 1. “DSP Based Electromechanical Motion Control” by Hamid A. Toliyat and Steven G.

Campbell, CRC Pres, 2004

2. “Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications” by John G. Proakis,

Dimitris G.Manobakis, Third edition,(2000) PHI.

3. “Wavelet Transforms, Introduction to Theory and applications” by Raghuveer, M.Rao, Ajit

S.Bopardikar, Pearson Education, Asia, 2000.

REFERENCES:

1. Digital Processing of Speech Signals by L.R. Rabiner and R.W. Schaber, Pearson Education

2. Modern Digital Signal Processing by Roberto Crist, Thomson Brooks/Cole (2004).

3. Adaptive filter theory by Simon Haykin , Pearson Education 4th Edition.

4. Statistical Digital signal processing and modeling by Monson H. Hayes , Wiley, 2nd edition.

17sh1101 - probability, statistics and computational

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