18-4 non-infectious diseases non-infectious diseases are those diseases that are not spread from...

16
18-4 Non- 18-4 Non- Infectious Infectious Diseases Diseases

Upload: victor-parks

Post on 28-Dec-2015

227 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

18-4 Non-Infectious 18-4 Non-Infectious DiseasesDiseases

Page 2: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

Non-Infectious DiseasesNon-Infectious Diseases

Are those diseases that Are those diseases that are are notnot spread from one spread from one organism to another.organism to another.

Page 3: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another
Page 4: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

AllergiesAllergiesAllergiesAllergies are caused by a disorder are caused by a disorder

in which a person’s own immune in which a person’s own immune system becomes overly sensitive system becomes overly sensitive to a foreign substance.to a foreign substance.

AllergensAllergens are any substance that are any substance that can cause an allergy. Almost can cause an allergy. Almost anything can become an allergen anything can become an allergen to some people. Common to some people. Common allergens include dust, pollen, allergens include dust, pollen, animal dander, foods, and even animal dander, foods, and even some medicines.some medicines.

Page 5: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another
Page 6: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

Reactions to AllergensReactions to Allergens Reactions to AllergensReactions to Allergens When an allergen enters the body (through When an allergen enters the body (through

breathing, eating, etc) and are encountered by breathing, eating, etc) and are encountered by lymphocytes (your T cells and B cells) they produce lymphocytes (your T cells and B cells) they produce antibodies like the allergen is a pathogen. antibodies like the allergen is a pathogen.

But unlike the antibodies made during the immune But unlike the antibodies made during the immune response, these antibodies tell cells to produce the response, these antibodies tell cells to produce the

chemical chemical HistamineHistamine..HistamineHistamine causes allergic symptoms causes allergic symptoms

(sneezing, itching, watery eyes). Drugs (sneezing, itching, watery eyes). Drugs

designed to combat this are called designed to combat this are called anti-anti-histamineshistamines (like sudafed or claritin).(like sudafed or claritin).

When an allergen enters the body (through When an allergen enters the body (through breathing, eating, etc) and are encountered by breathing, eating, etc) and are encountered by lymphocytes (your T cells and B cells) they produce lymphocytes (your T cells and B cells) they produce antibodies like the allergen is a pathogen. antibodies like the allergen is a pathogen.

But unlike the antibodies made during the immune But unlike the antibodies made during the immune response, these antibodies tell cells to produce the response, these antibodies tell cells to produce the

chemical chemical HistamineHistamine..HistamineHistamine causes allergic symptoms causes allergic symptoms

(sneezing, itching, watery eyes). Drugs (sneezing, itching, watery eyes). Drugs

designed to combat this are called designed to combat this are called anti-anti-histamineshistamines (like sudafed or claritin).(like sudafed or claritin).

Page 7: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

AsthmaAsthmaAsthmaAsthmaAsthma is a disorder where the Asthma is a disorder where the

airways (bronchi & bronchioles) in airways (bronchi & bronchioles) in the lungs become irritated and the lungs become irritated and constricted resulting in wheezing constricted resulting in wheezing and shortness of breath.and shortness of breath.

Asthma attacks can be brought on Asthma attacks can be brought on by allergens, stress, and exercise.by allergens, stress, and exercise.

Asthma is a disorder where the Asthma is a disorder where the airways (bronchi & bronchioles) in airways (bronchi & bronchioles) in the lungs become irritated and the lungs become irritated and constricted resulting in wheezing constricted resulting in wheezing and shortness of breath.and shortness of breath.

Asthma attacks can be brought on Asthma attacks can be brought on by allergens, stress, and exercise.by allergens, stress, and exercise.

Page 8: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

DiabetesDiabetes The pancreas produces the The pancreas produces the

chemical chemical Insulin Insulin that enables body that enables body cells to take in glucose and use it cells to take in glucose and use it for energy.for energy.

DiabetesDiabetes is a condition where the is a condition where the pancreas produces little or no pancreas produces little or no insulin.insulin.

As a result, a diabetic person has As a result, a diabetic person has high levels of glucose in the blood high levels of glucose in the blood and excretes it in their urine leaving and excretes it in their urine leaving their body cells without enough their body cells without enough glucose.glucose.

Page 9: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

Diabetes (cont.)Diabetes (cont.)

Diabetic symptomsDiabetic symptoms may include may include losing weight, weakness, and being hungry losing weight, weakness, and being hungry all the time. Because the kidneys are all the time. Because the kidneys are working hard to eliminate the excess working hard to eliminate the excess glucose, it causes frequent urination and glucose, it causes frequent urination and dehydration.dehydration.

If not treated properly, can result in death.If not treated properly, can result in death.

Page 10: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

Diabetes (cont.)Diabetes (cont.)There are two types: There are two types: Type IType I (the more (the more

serious type) begins in childhood or serious type) begins in childhood or early adulthood. They produce little or early adulthood. They produce little or no insulin so must get insulin injections. no insulin so must get insulin injections.

Type IIType II develops in adulthood, usually develops in adulthood, usually doesn’t require insulin shots and is doesn’t require insulin shots and is often treated with diet, weight control often treated with diet, weight control and exercise.and exercise.

Page 11: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another
Page 12: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

CancerCancero Normally, the body produces cells at the same Normally, the body produces cells at the same

rate that other cells die.rate that other cells die.

o In In CancerCancer, the cells multiply uncontrollably , the cells multiply uncontrollably destroying healthy tissue.destroying healthy tissue.

o These often form abnormal tissue masses These often form abnormal tissue masses

which are called which are called Tumors.Tumors. Tumors invade Tumors invade and destroy the healthy surrounding tissues and destroy the healthy surrounding tissues and often cancer cells break off the tumor and often cancer cells break off the tumor reaching the blood where they travel to new reaching the blood where they travel to new places and form new tumors.places and form new tumors.

Page 13: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another
Page 14: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

Cancer (cont.)Cancer (cont.)Cancer is caused by many different

factors. Genes, chemicals from the

environment (called carcinogens), and radiation exposure all can cause cancer.

It can be treated through surgery (where a surgeon removes a tumor), or with drugs and/or radiation to kill or slow the spread of cancer cells.

Page 15: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another

Cancer (cont.)Cancer (cont.)Cancer (cont.)Cancer (cont.)To reduce the risk of To reduce the risk of developing cancer:developing cancer:

Avoid all tobacco products since they Avoid all tobacco products since they all contain all contain carcinogenscarcinogens..

To prevent skin cancer, avoid too much To prevent skin cancer, avoid too much exposure to the sun.exposure to the sun.

A well balanced diet and plenty of A well balanced diet and plenty of exercise also reduces your risk of some exercise also reduces your risk of some kinds of cancer.kinds of cancer.

To reduce the risk of To reduce the risk of developing cancer:developing cancer:

Avoid all tobacco products since they Avoid all tobacco products since they all contain all contain carcinogenscarcinogens..

To prevent skin cancer, avoid too much To prevent skin cancer, avoid too much exposure to the sun.exposure to the sun.

A well balanced diet and plenty of A well balanced diet and plenty of exercise also reduces your risk of some exercise also reduces your risk of some kinds of cancer.kinds of cancer.

Page 16: 18-4 Non-Infectious Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases  Are those diseases that are not spread from one organism to another