18 - peter cruickshank - smart cities - codesign

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  • 7/28/2019 18 - Peter Cruickshank - Smart Cities - CoDesign

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    Co-design in Smart Cities

    Peter Cruickshank, Edinburgh Napier University

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    Political interest in co-design

    Groningens Mayor Peter Rehwinkel

    to enrol customers in co-design of

    services to lower costs of failure

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    What does co-design mean?

    Concrete work with another partner ie more than information sharing

    A change in mindset moving from what the technological

    developments can do, to what the

    stakeholders want

    A wholesale change in service design a transformation of services involving working

    with end users (or agencies that work

    with them)

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    Key aspects

    Co-design is a collaboration. Transparency

    participation requires continuity of participants

    wide-ranging input.

    Co-design is a developmental process. exchange of information and expertise

    co-design teaches co-design.

    Co-design shifts power to the process balances rights and freedoms between participants

    equality of legitimacy and value in inputs

    collective ownership: empowerment and abrogation of power

    Co-design activities are outcome-based practical focus

    shared creative intent

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    Relation to co-production

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    Responsibility for design of services

    Professionals as sole

    service planner

    Professionals and service

    users/community as co-

    planners

    No professional input into

    service planning

    Responsibilityfordelivery

    ofservices

    Professionals as

    sole service

    deliverers

    Traditional professional

    service provision

    Professional service

    provision but

    users/communities

    involved in planning and

    co-design

    Professionals as sole service

    deliverers

    Professionals and

    users/communities

    as co-deliverers

    User co-delivery of

    professionally designed

    services

    Full co-production

    User/community delivery of

    services with little formal/

    professional

    Users/communities

    as sole deliverers

    User/community

    delivery of professionally

    planned services

    User/community delivery

    of co-planned or co-

    designed services

    Self-organised community

    provision

    NESTA report (2009)

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    Who is involved

    Types of involvement: Horizontal

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    Working with colleaguesSmart Cities partners

    Neighbouring municipalities

    Ties with language in project objectives

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    Who is involved

    Types of involvement: Vertical

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    Working with stakeholdersOther departments

    Suppliers

    Agencies

    Citizens

    Stakeholder involvement

    can be legally required

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    Tools & techniques

    Meetings

    Workshops

    Focus groupsSurveys as alternative to focus group

    Mass survey of needs

    On specific issues

    Stakeholder meetingsProcess mapping / customer journey mapping

    Ateliers

    Design thinking8

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    Examples from our partners

    Service development in KristiansandCommunity care for those with mental

    illness

    The challenge: involve people andfamilies

    Counter intuitive to co-design stigmatised users

    weak social networks and low insight

    Group of potential users trained to support their engagement

    help them to act as articulaterepresentatives of their communities

    The training included :committee work,media contact, the responsibilities androles of different government bodiesand how to run a local interestorganisation

    Took 3 to 4 times as long to createthe required conditions But resulting service was better.

    Start-up

    Preparation anddata gathering

    Decision andimplementation

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    Examples from our partners

    Online engagement in LeiedalLelijke plekjes mooie trekjes

    Asked for neglected (small

    scale) public places to fix

    Professionals selected from

    long list

    Map and images on the

    website allows people to see

    their ideas coming true

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    Examples from our partners

    Customer Journey Mapping in

    Edinburgh

    Linked to customer insight and business process

    improvementFocus on emotional insights into customer's

    experience

    Naturally leads to engaging customers in serviceredesign

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    ContextsSegmentation and customer insight

    Successful co-design needs a clear picture

    of who the customers are

    Research design

    Can fit with customer research

    big picture surveys

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    Contexts

    Design thinkingBenefit

    Solution is focused on realproblems

    Real user engagement

    Challenges

    Problem definition can take 60% of

    project timeHow to sell a creative processwhen a PID must define thedeliverables?

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    Problem statement(defining + researching)1

    Immersion andempathy2

    Synthesis3

    Ideation4

    Prototyping5

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    Some issues & lessons

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    Think about related terms Mainstreaming, citizen engagement,

    participation, knowledge management

    Organisational maturity Know thyself

    Requirement for long term, trust-based

    relationships Its not a one night stand (or a solitary activity)

    Communication & sharing Case studies

    Reports

    Workshop

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    THANK YOU!

    Any questions?

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