ASSESMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICE

OF USING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN RATTAN

CRAFTSMEN AT THE TRADE VILLAGE, KIENXUONG

DISTRICT, THAIBINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Truong Cong Dat M.D., M.P.H

Faculty of Public Health

Thaibinh Medical University, Vietnam

August 30, 2010

Outline

1. Introduction

2. Research methodology

3. Research result

4. Conclusion

5. Recommendations and suggestions

1. What is the problem?

2 million people die from occupational accidents or work-

related diseases in the world.

270 million occupational accidents and 160 million cases of

occupational disease.

Hazardous substances cause the deaths of an estimated

440,000 workers.

Sources: International Labor Organization report 2008

In Vietnam, the rate of emission of SO2 is increasing

significantly:

- In 1990: 165.6 thousand metric tons

- In 2000 it reached 255.9 thousand metric tons

- Emission is mainly produced due to interrupted processes

(boiling, bleaching, dyeing, etc.) and equipment leakage, a

large amount of vapor and chemicals are emitted into the

air in the working environment.

- Gases emitted during production can have a very

significant impact on air quality and health (Vietnam country

profile 2006)

In Thuong Hien rattan handicraft village, 3.5 tons of powder

sulphur is used annually to bleach rattan materials.

• Rattan bleaching process is a labor high risk task with people’s health.

• The craftsmen in this study are working with the sulfur-bleaching

process, they have to:

• Contact with sulfur dioxide

• Face several work related to health problems

SO3 + H2O ↔ H2SO4

2SO2 + O2 ↔ 2SO3

3. Research question

What are knowledge, attitude and practice among rattan

craftsmen in Thuong Hien trade village, Kienxuong district,

Thaibinh province, Vietnam?

4. Research objectives

1. To find out the knowledge, attitude, and practice on using

personal protective equipment of rattan craftsmen in

Thuong Hien trade village, Kienxuong district, Thaibinh

province, Vietnam.

2. To confer the recommendations and guidelines for

decreasing occupational diseases.

Socio-demographic:- Sex- Age- Duration of working- Education level- Monthly family income- Time worker average

Knowledge of using personal protective equipment:- Health effect of sulfur dioxide- Type of personal protective equipment- The importance of using personal protective equipment

Practices:- Using face mask- Using gloves- Using glasses- Using clothing- Using hand and arm protection

Perception of using personal protective equipment:- Perceived susceptibility- Perceived severity- Perceived benefits- Perceived barriers

Independent variables Dependent variables

5. Conceptual framework

1. Research Design

Cross - sectional study

2. Study Population

Main workers in the family who are working with rattan

bleaching process in Thuong Hien trade village,

Kienxuong District, Thaibinh Province, Vietnam.

Figure: Map of study area

Study area

3. Sample size calculation

2

22/1 )1.(.

d

ppZn

n: Sample size

α: level of significant

Z1- α/2: reliability of coefficient based on level of significant

(With α = 0.05, Z1- α/2 = 1.96)

p: proportion of workers have KAP about using PPE (p=0. 5)

d: absolute precision required (d=0.05)

384)05.0(

)5.01)(5.0()96.1(2

2

n

With estimate 10% will not participate.

The sample size is 420 workers.

4. Sampling method

Systematic random sampling

……

k k k k k

i i+k i+2k i+3k i+(n-1)k

Total household working with rattan bleaching process: 938

n= sample size;

k= total household/n;

i = random number (1 to k)

n = 420

k = 2

i = 1

(1, 3, 5, . . ., 835, 837, 839)

5. Research instruments and measurements

Questionnaire consists of four parts:

Part A (socio-demographic)

Part B (Knowledge regarding using PPE)

Part C (Attitude regarding using PPE)

Part D (Practice on using PPE)

6. Data Collection

Subjects were interviewed by trained assistants to fill in

the questionnaire.

7. Data analysis

- Data entry and editing: Epi Data software.

- Statistical technique: SPSS software.

- The questionnaire was explained to rattan craftsmen before

interview.

- Rattan craftsmen may chose to stop the interview at any time

- The data was used for the research’s purpose only.

8. Ethical consideration

Rate of participation: 403/420 = 96%

59.8%40.2%

Male

Female

Figure 1 Distribution of the respondent by gender

14.1

30 30.8

18.1

7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

<= 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 51 - 60 > 60

<= 30

31 - 40

41 - 50

51 - 60

> 60

Figure 2 Distribution of the respondent by age group

Figure 3 Distribution of the respondent by education level

1.2

22.1

66.8

9.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

No sc

hool

Primary

Secon

dary

High sc

hool

No school

Primary

Secondary

High school

3.7%

18.1%

78.2%HighModerateLow

Figure 4 Distribution of knowledge levels on using PPE

4.2%26.8%

69.0% Positive

Neutral

Negative

Figure 5 Distribution of attitude levels towards using PPE

71.0%

29.0%

Yes

No

Figure 6 Respondents using only one kind of PPE

Type of PPEnumber(n=117)

percentage(%)

Respirator 117 100.00

Hand and arm protection 32 27.35

Eye protectors 13 11.11

Foot protection 3 2.56

Clothing 2 1.71

Table 1 Percentages of the respondents using each PPE of each individual type

71.2%

28.8%

Yes

No

Figure 7 Respondents had at least one kind of symptom during year 2008

Kind of symptom Number of respondent (278)

Percentage(%)

Cough 268 93.4

Wheezing 28 9.8

Shortness breath 51 17.8

Sore throat 150 52.3

Running nose or stuffy 66 23.0

Skin red 7 2.4

Skin itching 13 4.5

Eyes red 78 27.2

Eyes itching 18 6.3

Physical injury 20 7.0

Table 2 Distribution of respondents’ sickness during year 2008

- Prevalence of good knowledge and appropriate attitude was

low equal 3.7% and 4.2%.

- Prevalence of using respirator was 29.0 %.

- Among 71.2% participants had at least one symptom during

the year 2008: 93.4% had cough, 52.3% had sore throat,

27.2% had eyes red, and the remaining symptoms including

running nose or stuffy, shortness breath, and wheezing.

- Develop intervention tools for enhancing the suitable practice

of PPE using and improve the quality of protective devices.

- All the workers need to be trained in the use of personal

protective devices.

- Educational programs should be organized for improving

knowledge about harmful effects of SO2 and it should focus

mainly on increasing the awareness of the people of the

importance of using PPE at work.