1860 - 1900...great plains not as a “treeless wasteland” but as a vast area to be settled. 1.dry...
TRANSCRIPT
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1860 - 1900
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• Following the Civil War, many Americans and
Europeans continued to move into the WEST
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• “as far as the eye can see… millions of
acres of treeless grassland.”
• Between the Mississippi River and
the Rocky Mountains
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• Flatlands that rise gradually from east to west
• Land eroded by wind and water
• Low rainfall
•Frequent dust storms
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• Only 20 inches of rain per year • Home to the buffalo – can
survive in dry climate (sacred to the Native Americans)
• High winds stir up dust and create dust storms
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1. New beginning for freedmen
2. Opportunities to own land
3. Treasure – discovery of gold
and silver
4. Desire for adventure
5. New Technology –people could
live in challenging
environments
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Opportunities for Land
1. 21 years old, or head of family
2. US citizens or filing for
3. Build a certain size home and live for 6 months
4. Farm the land for five consecutive years
Homestead Act (1862) – government incentive that
gave 160 acres (1/4 sq. mi.) if met certain
requirements:
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• Towns called
BOOMTOWNS grew
over night
• Miners came from all
over
• Town life was expensive
• Violence was part of
BOOMTOWN life
BOOM!!
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• No more gold!!
• A lot of people moved to new sites or back
home
• Now called ghost towns
BUST!!
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• Who likes adventure??? The West was exciting
and new - People flocked to the West for
adventure
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• Because of new inventions, people saw the
Great Plains not as a “treeless wasteland” but
as a vast area to be settled.
1.Dry Farming
2. Wheat Farming
3. Steel Plow
4. Windmills
5. Mechanical Reaper
6. Beef Cattle Raising
7. Barbed Wire
8. Railroads
9. Sod Houses
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• Type of farming that allows farmers to farm
without much water.
• Plant the seeds deeper to get more water
• Popular crops = wheat, corn, and watermelon
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• Wheat doesn’t need
much water
• Wheat can be made into
flour which is non-
perishable and can be
used to make bread and
cereal
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• Great Plain soil was
rocky
• Wooden plows weren’t
strong enough
• Harder steel made the
plow work
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Water-pumping Windmills:
Provided water for people and
animals due to little rainfall
1. Wind turns the blades of the
windmill
2. A long rod that runs down
the tower moves the handle
of a pump up and down
3. The water flows into an
open wooden box called a
trough
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• Mechanical Reaper
(mower) reduced farm
labor needs and
increased production
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• Some areas good for
cow (cattle)
• Texas became the
center of cattle
ranching
• People in the East
wanted to eat beef
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• Barbed wire was used
for fencing large
ranches and farms
• Built quickly and was
cheap
• Wood fences were
expensive and hard to
get (few trees for
wood)
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• Sod = the top layer of soil and grass
• Houses made out of sod (dirt)
• Sod was used on the walls and roof (placed over wood
beams)
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• Made it easier to go west • Farmers could ship their crop to
the east Transcontinental Railroad – linked the East to the West (from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean) • Transported people and goods • Made trade easier • Started building factories in the
West
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• Two Railroads: Union Pacific and Central
Pacific
-Union Pacific: began in Omaha, Nebraska (blue) - Central Pacific: began in Sacramento, California (red)
-“Meet me in the Middle”
• May 10, 1869: UP and CP met at Promontory Point, Utah…Leland Stanford, gov. of California, drove the last spike.
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WHO BUILT THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD?
Union Pacific – 8,000 Irish and African Americans Central Pacific – 10,000 Chinese
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Invented by Samuel Morse
THINK MORSE CODE
1. Allowed people to
communicate across long
distances.
2. Messages could travel
across the country in a
matter of minutes.