1880-1914. imperialism = one country’s domination of political, economic, and social life of...
TRANSCRIPT
1880-1914
Imperialism = one country’s domination of political, economic, and social life of another country
Political rival European countries (nationalism)
Economic demand for raw materials and markets for goods (competition, Industrial Revolution)
Ideological European religious fervor, feelings of racial/cultural superiority = Europeans wanted to impose their cultures on others (Social Darwinism): idea
that some races were more “evolved” than others
“The White Man’s Burden” – duty of Europeans to civilize “backward” people, spread Christianity and Western ideals/values
Religious desire to spread Christianity,
Exploratory scientific/medical research, have adventure, investigate unknown land/culture
Colony – directly ruled by an imperial power thru. colonial officials
Protectorate – has its own govt, but “guided” by a foreign power
Sphere of Influence – region where an imperial power has exclusive investment/trading rights
1880-1914, European countries claimed most parts of Africa for their own
1885 – European nations met in Berlin, Germany and agreed to split (partition) Africa amongst themselves (Berlin Conference)
By 1914, Europe controlled 90% of Africa
Invaded Algiers (Algeria), Tunis (Tunisia), and Morocco in Northern Africa
Controlled Egypt, Sudan, South Africa Desired to control a portion of Africa all
the way from North to South (“From Cairo to Capetown” was the motto)
By 1900, Liberia was the only independent state in West Africa.
Ethiopia was also independent (kicked out the Italians when led by King Menelik II)
King Leopold II (Belgium) claimed Congo as his own private plantation; enslaved the people brutally for 20 years; then gave the plantation to the Belgian government
Harmed land by mining, factories, logging
Paid Africans low wages, and imposed high taxes
Men housed in dorms away from families
Schools taught that European ways were best
By early 1900s, elite Africans began to condemn imperialism as against European ideals of liberty, equality, nationalism
Controlled by British East India Company (a privately-owned joint stock company) Army led by British officials- made up of Indian soldiers.
India seen as the “jewel in the crown” British resists India’s economy from operating on its own. British build railroad- set up plantations
Tea, indigo, coffee, opium Sold opium to China
Negative British control political/economic issues Reduction of food production = famine Threatened traditional life
Positive Railroads Sanitation and public health improved Schools/Colleges
Rumor that cartridges for new rifles greased with beef and pork fat What problem would this pose?
Sepoy Rebellion (1857) – soldiers rebel British gov’t moves in, gains control of
India Nationalism grows as British use India for theirReasons.(Gandhi leads peacefulrebellions)
British take control of Malayan Peninsula Easier trade Natural resources (tin, rubber)
French gain control of Indo-China. What is this area today?
China had reluctant contact with European nations around 1600s-1800s
China’s government assumed they were stronger than Europe---TRUE? ?Think way back to Age of Exploration?
Who was superior?
Britain desperately wanted to trade with China Did China need anything? What was one item Britain was getting from
India that the Chinese could be interested in?
Classified as a opiate. Derived from poppy plants. Medically was used as pain reducer. Decreases pain and attention. Use leads to loss of control in breathing
and respiratory failure.
In the late 1700’s British merchants began importing the drug opium By 1835, 12 million Chinese were addicted to
the drug.
The Qing emperor ordered Queen Victoria to stop selling Opium to Chinese.
By what right do they [British merchants]…use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people?... I have heard that smoking opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to harm other countries. -Lin Zexu
In this quote what is Lin stating?
Britain refused to stop selling opium Lin Zexu attempted to stop the British
merchants himself How are drugs destroyed today? How are the British merchants going to
react to Lin’s choices?
The Opium War (1839-1842) China was surprised by Britain’s
strength- China badly beat
Treaty of Nanjing (1842) U.S. & Other foreign citizens gained
extraterritorial rights- foreigners were not subject to Chinese law.
Foreign countries start to divide China up for themselves.
How would the
Chinese react to this?
Taiping Rebellion- Late 1830’s Led by Hong Xiuquan
Boxer Rebellion 1900 Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
(Hardcore Chinese Men & Women- Used martial arts) Red Shining Lanterns ( All female boxer group)
Japan was isolationist (closed to foreigners) from 1600-1850s
American gunboats came to Japan and forced them to open to trade (1850s)
Japan saw how China was treated and decided to Westernized their military, government, schools, etc.
Japan, by modernizing, was able to compete with Europe and was never taken over
Japan beat China, then Russia in a war Russo-Japanese was (1905) – first time an
Asian nation beat a European nation
