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LE ORIGINI DEGLI ETRUSCHI

Storia archeologia antropologia

a cura di

Vincenzo Bellelli

LERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER


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Le origini degli EtruschiStoria Archeologia Antropologia

Copyright 2012 LERMA di BRETSCHNEIDERVia Cassiodoro, 19 - 00193 Roma

www.lerma.it - [email protected]

Progetto grafco

LERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER

Tutti i diritti riservati. vietata la riproduzionedi testi e illustrazioni senza il permesso scritto dellEditore.

In copertina:

Particolare del volto maschile del Sarcofago degli Sposi,da Cerveteri (Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia);

foto di Antonio Russo pubblicata su concessionedel Ministero per i Beni e le Attivit Culturali - Soprintendenza per i Beni

Archeologici dellEtruria Meridionale (Aut. n. Prot. MBAC-SBAEM 7950 del 6-9-2012)

Le origini degli Etruschi. Stori, archeologi, antropologi / a cura di Vincen-zo Bellelli - Roma: LERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER , 2012 - 496 ; ill. 24 cm. (StudiaArchaeologica ; 186)ISBN 978-88-8265-742-0

CDD 22. 937.51. Etruschi

Volume stampato con il contributo

dellUniversit degli Studi di Palermo - Centro di Gestione Polo didattico di Agrigento

e della Fondazione della Cassa di Risparmio di Civitavecchia

Universit degli Studi di PalermoPolo didattico di AgrigentoCorso di Laura magistrale in Archeologia


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5

INDICE GENERALE

PREMESSA Ocr Blvdr 7

INtRoDuzIoNE (Vczo Bllll 11

PRIMA PARtE

AttidelseminAriodi Agrigento9 erai 2011

I ALLA RICERCA DELLE oRIGINI EtRuSChE (Vczo Bllll 17

II LE tRADIzIoNI LEttERARIE SuLLE oRIGINI DEGLI EtRuSChI: status quaestiOnis

E quALChE ANNotAzIoNE A MARGINE (Robro smmro 49

III LE oRIGINI EtRuSChE: IL quADRo DI RIfERIMENtoDELLA PRotoStoRIA (aldro Z 85

IV ex paRte ORientis: I tERESh E LA quEStIoNE DELLoRIGINE

ANAtoLICA DEGLI EtRuSChI (Mmo Clrro 105

V EtRuSChI: PoPoLo o NAzIoNE ? (Lc so 143

VI GLI EtRuSChI E LA LoRo oRIGINE ALLA LuCE DEGLI StuDI

DI ANtRoPoLoGIA fISICA (Gdoo trrll 153

SECoNDA PARtE

sAggi

VII SuLLA GRAfIA E LA LINGuA DELLE ISCRIzIoNI ANELLENIChE

DI LEMNoS (Lco ago 169

VIII EtRuRIA MERIDIoNALE E MEDItERRANEo NELLA tARDA Et DEL bRoNzo

(Brbr Brbro, Mrco Bll, ibll Dm, Dl D agl, Cld M, Flv trcco 195


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6

IX IL VILLANoVIANo: uN PRobLEMA ARChEoLoGICo DI StoRIA

MEDItERRANEA (a Mr B sr 249

X LA tRADItIoN PLASGIquE CAER (Dom Brl 279

XI oRIGINI EtRuSChE, oRIGINI ItALIChE E LERuDIzIoNE ANtIquARIA

SEttECENtESCA sfo Br 295

XII LIDENtIt EtNICA CoME PRoCESSo DI RELAzIoNE: ALCuNE RIfLESSIoNI

A PRoPoSIto DEL MoNDo ItALICo (Lc Crch 345

XIII L oRIGINE LIDIA DEL PoPoLo EtRuSCo: quEStIoNI DI PRINCIPIo (Crlo D smo 359

XIV LAtINo E I tIRRENI (hES th 1011-1016): quEStIoNI DI StoRIA

E DI CRoNoLoGIA (adr ercol 383

XV LE PRobLME DES oRIGINES tRuSquES DANS LENtRE

DEuX GuERRES (Mr-Lrc Hck 397

XVI bRoNzo fINALE IN IStRIA (Kr Mhovl 411XVII GLI INfLuSSI DEL VICINo oRIENtE SuLLEtRuRIA

NELLVIII-VII SEC AC: uN bILANCIo (aldro no 433

XVIII DIoNySuS AND thE tyRRhENIAN PIRAtES (Dmr plohodoro 455


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455D d t T Pt

XVIII

Dionysus anD The Tyrrhenian PiraTes

Dmt Pltd

IntroductIon

D m m. h p-pd t kg, pc, , gd dm-gd d p ppl w

dd t d dvt. T t ll d t vg -tc mt, dpdg wtw c p t gd t wpp m1. n mtt wt w p-pl pd-tcl2, dlgcl3 tl tptt4, tg cl ll t mtcl pd: wt ltmtl t tk t cgt D dvt d t tlc

gtc clt m t pt t t-

t t cmmt tt vtdb t gd5. accptc bg wdm t pt t gd, ll tm t gt t t vtcltd wmkg6; dl d tc

bg v tbt, dtct dc, tl t cl d ll -td, wt t tblmt g-tc clt7.

agt t t t, t pt t gd b t T pt8 c bgld t t l vg mt, wc t m ctpt tgd t mp d gt kg ppl, bt mll gp md-

, w t ttcd t ptc-

For Giorgos

I have seen what I have seen.When they brought the boy I said:

He has a god in him,though I do not know which god.

ez Pd, Canto ii

They say the sea is loveless,that in the sea love cannot live,

but only bare, salt splinters o loveless lie.But rom the sea the dolphins leap round Dionysos ship

whose masts have purple vinesAnd up they come with the purple dark o rainbows

And ip! They go! With the nose-dive o sheer delight;And the sea is making love to Dionysos

in the bouncing o these small and happy whales.D.h. Lwc, The Last Poems,

dtd b r. aldgt, nw yk 1933


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456 Dmt Pltd

l plc. n t ccd wtppg D clt, ltg ttll l t cgz dvt. itt pct, t mt ct b dctllkd t ptcl ggpc 9, c t b cdd aition tt

xpl t tblmt clt, ptcl t tl.

T ll tpt mt ldxm v pblm tt ltdt t, d t ptcl pd dc mtlg c td mtcld t dt t ppc tttc d lt c, t glttg d t dplcmt t t Wt,t llgd lt t pd t

tl d tvl at d id t mblm t dcl t-mt t pt m mt dlp. sc t vlm btetc g, i c p t vxgpblm t pplt t mt et t lt pt m td. i tt xpl w t etc, w wdtd wt t T m tlt t bgg t 5t ctBC, dptd t v gtv v t k, d pdcd t tmmt.

themythInlIterature

T mt D pt b t T- pt kw pcpll

m t lg tv: t 59 l t Homeric Hymn to Dionysus, v-l dtd btw t 7t d thlltc pd, bt m pbblblgg t t 6t t 5t ctBC10, ovd Pt tv tMetamorphoses (3.564-691), d n- Dionysiaca (31.86-91, 44.231-252,45.105-168). B dvtv v t mt pp epd Cyclops

(v. 10-22), aplld Bibliotheca (3.5.3),

hg Poetica Astronomica (, 17), tmm hg, Fabulae 134, s-c Oedipus (449-466), dcpt ptg Pltt Imagines (i,19), d lw11. T Homeric Hymn t ldt extantv t t12,

bt t lt cl dtbl mtt t t gmt b Pd, dt-g t t t l t 5 t ct BC,w mtd t m t t dlp13.

i t Homeric Hymn, D, tltc d cl cld t, td bt -, pmt. sdd-l, T pt (14)v t p, ld b bd t (l

6-8). Ctcg gt t gd, t lpm t p d pt m bd (3-10). T blv m t b bl l bt d w t ll m lv.T ttmpt t pt t gd ttl, t bd ct ct md t ll w t w,wl D wt dk tt mlg (12-15). up g tt mtt dv pw, tlmm w cmp ttt t mt b gt olmp gd,Z, apll Pd. h t vt cvt t t t cw d t p-d tm t l t t (15-24).

Bldd b t ppct pt, tcpt dcl tt t t mt bt kg, d cg md,tkg tt t tk m

egpt d Cp t ld t h-pb, t t wll vl wppl, d t pt wll xct -m. s, t gd pvd wd. W wt dv mll bb-bld p t p; m vwt m gp-clt gg dwm t, clmbd g v t l; v,lxt wt w d gcd wtt, twd d t mt d t

tl cd gld (v. 38-42). T


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457D d t T Pt

l bd t lmm t ld t p, dbt t l t p. Btt m wd llw tt blgt t ml wld. D mlbcm g l; gg bpp. T cw, td m t t-

bl v, lp vbd t t d tmd t dlp, wlt l dv t cpt (v. 43-53).T p lmm bld b tgd, w tmptl m d-tt: Take courage, good...; you have oundavour with my heart. I am Dionysus themighty-rower, born to Cadmus daughterSemele (v. 54-59) 15.

T ptt t gd vtt

d dg, llwd b t d-t l t mtl t cgz dvt d t ltmt pmt t blv ct tct cgt c t HomericHymns16. at t m tm, t ptt tpcl Dc tc mt17.

T b mt t mt e-pd Cyclops (v. 11-17) dd mpttt tt dvt m t vptd t Homeric Hymn. T T- pt ct t t tgt h, w mlc tvt dt cc t xtt v t mt18. T t g t t pt c t pt, bt tmptf t cp Ml dv tm f tc d t d scl, w tbcm p t Cclp. T -

t cl m dv m pvt-pl, ltg t t c.it cld b tt epd d t t qt D t vg ltg t cptvt t d t Cclp, tt l-lwd tl dft v tlgd19.

hlltc v t mt p-vd t t tm m dct

t lclzt t ct. i apll-

d, D wt t c m ic- t nx d Tpt p. Bt t pt td t llm a. T gd t t t mtd t t k d ll t pwt v t t d t. i hg,

Poetica Astronomica ( 17), w cw aglt Naxica (FGrHist 499 F3), D b tt t Ttk bd tgt wt cmp- t c m t nx d tm t . W t dcd tdct t p lw, D -d cmp t g m c dlgtl w, tt t T- zd wt p t dc

d tw tmlv t t dtm t dlp.

i ovd, t lgd mtll -twv wt t Tb tv.T t dmtcll ctd b tlmm t T p, act,w w llw D d ptcpt t. h w t T-b kg Pt gt tg tpw t gd20. T tv dptm t hmc m m dtl:t pt p ccd t ld C-. T llwg mg, t cpt,oplt, bgt lg mlt bd t g pbt, d l-l pt d gdd bt. altgt b w bl bl t tlk d wlk, v m w d lp, tlmm ccldd tt w dv,

ltg cld t tll xctl wtdvt w t b. h td t pvt cmp m bgg t cptv t p, bt w vltl ttdb t bldt t cw, Lcb, etc xl. P t pmg mcl, D lg xcgwt cpt; k w d ttk m d dd tt p t gt nx. T pt ll w t tk

m t, bt t cg dct, d-


8/40

458 Dmt Pltd

pt ptt m t lmm d tgd ml. T mcl llw mmd-tl t: t t p ddl lt dt l ft t ct t t tl. nxt, v mpdd t dpd v t l, wl t gd ml

ppd b tm wt bc gp d bw d bdg t. h dd t tm ml t bt, bt dd b l p-pt tg, lx d pt. att ppc t bt, t llpt vbd, t m md . T tmd t dlp,xcpt act, w d bD d vtd t ld t D

(nx)21.hgFabulae mmz ml

v t mt, ddg t tt-g dtl tt t pt tdd tp t b cct bt,bt w td m dg bact, w fd j t td22. T D cgd t t t, t l t v tdl dt p t v; l d pt p-pd. T td pt tw tm-lv t t , c tm bgtmd t t lk dl-p. hc, bt t dlp d t clld T.

n cct t llt. it m-t (47.507-508) tt t pt pw ptd. T, t M ddD d ct t m t t

l (44.240-249). Mt d l t tv, wl t p t t k. Tl tmd t dlp dt vl t gd. a mdtld ttmt t mt pt pc b T (45.103-168), ww Pt t bw t wt t gd23. D w t pt pt t cl dd, wc dcbd m dtl (45.105-

115). T, pp, lk hkl,

cmp jtc wt t m tlmt t cml m t24.h tk t ttv t ct t p-t, d vltl tk t m dbl b, d t dcv tm.n mt ll t dmtc lmt

pt pv v: t pttt t p t m m, t d-lg btw t p lmm t mp l d t gd, v tv pc t lmm, wcm t v b tdtl pt t tl c t Homeric Hymn. Tm btt xpld b t cttt t dd t v t m nt l D cqg 25.

T pt cpt t gd dpt m tc; D lbtml, tk t cll tt gd, t ld t m td m d pdc btcl d zlgcl mcl. Tp bcm k, t mt bcm cp, v clmb p t t, d v m t . a t wg m t t t p (v. 147-148), dtl tt cll t w m-cl t Homeric Hymn (v. 35-37), bt bt m ll t v26. Blld g l pp. T d t d. T pt dv mdd v v w gwg t wv, mt pt d p-d wt t ck, d t t cvcd tt t t ld. s,

t jmp t t d t-md t dlp.T bc tv cm m

t m ll v: t gd mt m t cld, tkb t pt t p, t lmmt t pd cmp t -l t gd, w ll pvd t mcl, dg b t tmt t pt t dlp. T t t

tt ll v dv m gl


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459D d t T Pt

c, bt t tt t mt llw tdtl ptt kw m tdc tl wll, pvd b ttctl mlt btw t Ho-meric Hymn d acl Edonians depd Bacchae27. Vt pp

wll, pcll t g t m-cl, bt t m b l xpld t dlbt ttmpt m t pt pt d mtgp t lv ddtc t w wk m wt wld cclt. M dv-t, lk t pc t t, mtcd b cgpc vdc, dwll b dcd m dtl blw.

artIstIcrepresentatIons

The Toledo Hydria

T mt mptt dpct tlgd t T pt pp lt-cc etc blck-gdd t Tld Mm at28 (Fg.1-2). T mkbl v, pbld t l 1980, w t ttctcdbl tt. it ttbtd tt Pt Vtc 238 (T KPt), llw t Mcl Pt29.T ck dctd wt t mg tw t dg t t lt d tld w Tt ldg tw dl-p. T m bjct pp tbll t v: x m t t dl-

p, t jmp t t , wc dd b bd wv bkgt t lt30. T g t t lt -m p t wt d dlp blw;ll t g v m lg d tpp l t bd tmd t dlp bd. T dtl ct b -tptd t dg qc vl mtmp, bt t ptt tw dft tp

tmt, bgg m t

t, t t m t d31. T g- t t gt lg bt dvlppg wt t lg t gt lt. all t g v t -m lg bt, t v gl, wcm b tk ttmpt m t pt t pt t pt, t pctlpc, clgcl qc tlp t t 32. at t lt, t

Fg. 1.-2. Tld Mm at, at Blt & Lck1984: pl. 90.


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460 Dmt Pltd

v bc, wc mt cmmtttpt g Dc pp-33. T m b , ltg t mv-bc d b t Pt Vt-c 238 v mgl ltd tt dc lm34.

Dlp pp qtl et-c mmt, pcll v-ptg35. Mt t, t dct tdl etc blck-gd ktm t cl t Mcl Pt, l-tg xmpl m t wkppp wll36. etc dlp dvm i pttp, wt m ttctc, pcll t dg tltl p37. i ptcl, t dlp

pt t g t Tld d pcll cl t t dlp t d Lv Ca 2510, wk b tK Pt, d gmtv b t Mcl Pt hdlbg38.

T Tld d t lt dt-bl dcmt tt lltt t mt t tmt t Tpt t dlp39. it wld b -l cgzd b t etc clt t pt t Tld d, v t mm m tt ptdt40. ot dcmt t ccd clcl g l t tpt:bd, pt-m, pt-dlp p-p Gk v d gm c 580BC. o Mddl Ct klx tLv, bd ct pp dt dl, mdt d d kmt41,

attc Gd cp cc 570-560BC, dlp wt m m pl tpp; tw m dlp pp42; sm cp cc 540-530 BC, t w dd b tw bd dl-p43. ev td dlp t tbd m lg, xctl lk t g- ppg t Tld d. Mtcl blv tt t cp t tmt t T pt, ltg

t tg t pt t mtcl

tv44. a bd ct t mt mblz at ld g-mt ptc mp m tacpl45. a wgd dlp-m dc-t t ttc blck-gdmp Pldlp46. a dlp-m

t b pt-pd cld dlp wt m d ldg t cll blg t Dc c-txt47. yt, t mtddcmt t b tk cct v-dc t cclt t mt tT pt, v t m tm dlp dtcl wt tdpctd t Tld d d tll lt- dcmt48. o t t d,

ct mpl dm tm lvt,bc t l pptgtt t pt t Tld d wt ctg g vcm, btw llwg ltvl wdpdcgpc tdt.

Late Classical, Hellenistic and Romanversions o the myth o the Tyrrhenian

PiratesT mjt mmt ptgt mt t T pt blgt t cd l t t ct49.T z g ctl dt ccmc t cgc m-mt Lkt at (335-334 BC) wll kw50. rmkbl, t ct plcd t -, t t

bd p. D d t, t, jg tw kt w,w t ttckd b t pt. Tt ct t t lt, bt, bd b t pt. sm cd, lt lp t t , w t t-md t dlp. ol t d cgd: t tmt t ttcd p t t d lmb.

T pc t ld

d epd Cyclops d t wll b


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461D d t T Pt

ctd lt mmt51. Btt cg t c pzzldt cl. it ppl bl ttt z pt pd dcbd dtmb wc t mmtw ctd b Lkt, m

t dmtc ptt, pbl t pl52.

ot ctmp pt-t t mt d itl: t td Gcl tmmd pltm rm, dtd t t clg t 4t ct (Fg. 3), pp t pw p lg t t lt c t .Fv m g mml dw c-cp t dck: t t d m mp-

tt g, t t lt, ld dlp bt tl. M Dl C tptd tg D ldg tT pt ld tmdt dlp, wl cmp wtt m t. a tlzd gpv c-cp t pp lt pt t c, ptg m t mt t p,wc t w53. Mc l c bd bt tw gmt ttl, t Tt Mm54, tt amc pvt cllct55.Bt dt m t cd l t 4tct d w t t p d lggd dlp tt lp t t .

a ctl pbld gp tg bd m wt m lgd dlp t d d, dct-g cw, w xcvtd

tmb 54 nc alt Cmp- (2d ct BC). T gp blkd t t mt t T p-t, ltg t g lck -tv ctxt. T dc cct gtd b t pc bvptm dctv lmt tm bjct56. D spgl ggttt t bjct t tmt t pt md ct-

t, t dvg mblzg t p-

g m m l t t tl57.a dl mmt t r-

m pd dpct t lgd ttmt t T ptt dlp. T d t cc , c t cvd xmplttmt ct tcl b L. rmz-z58. T pp t pppt plct ct t dcpt ptg wcPltt t eld pt ptdt v npl59. Tw p

w t ptg, cg D- d t t d m-d, wt w cmbl ttcd tt t, d md b t pt,md lk wp, lg mb t t. Dv md b t gg t bd D llw, tpt gt t wg d, t tgd pdc mcl (pp-t pt, cg t mt t

t, v pdg m ll v

Fg. 3. oc, rm, Fm

rmm. at Dl C1974: g. 5.


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462 Dmt Pltd

t p, t w), c tmddd pt t lp t t d

b tmd t dlp.

The Munich cup by Exekias

T mt tgg mmt -dbtdl t pct t td t-cp Mc 2044, gd b exk60(Fg. 4). D cl t bttt l m c plcd . a gtw-tmmd gpv gwg m

t mt dmt t c, wlv dlp lpg d tbt. Pp t t tm, t gd dpctd bqt, dkg d, wt t pp pt t- kd61. T bckgd ddb ctg wm cl d lp.

T mtpc attc v-pt-g d pttg b t bjct m cmmt tt v -

ll ptd t t vtv cct

tm p, tcq d cg-p62. itptt t mg t td ll gl dftctg: cltc mtlgcl, pt-g t t cmc mblm d llt ltg t t ctpl mg

D t gd w d b-qt63. ev mm t lvtclp wld xcd t lmt t td. F pp, w wll c-ctt p t pbl lt t tmt t T pt.

M cl md cc-t t cp t t lgd td t hmc m, pcpll t gd tw pt mlt

tt m t cl t b ccdtl,ml t pldd gpv gw-g d t mt d t pc v dlp wmmg d tp64. Bt ct tm gw t-dc twd dg xplct c-ct, ml bc t Mc cpctdct t m tv tv gct dtl: t, t clggd bdd dlt, t t; c-d, t dlp w tc mt-mp; d td, t lmmw ccdd t cgz Ddvt, bt. n t mp-tt tv lmt t hmptd, c t bt, t vd t w t65. ot clv mkd t dfc btwt dllc tmp t ptg

d t dmtc t t mt-lgcl tv d ccldd tt ttw cmm lmt t ll66.itd, t t ttd tt t vpt t tmpt pp D t gd w67, t t ctxt t bqt68, c-ct t vl t at tt wctd dg tvl69.

M bl tt t Mc cp ll-

tt t lgd t T p-

Fg. 4. Mc, atkm-mlg 8729. at K-

1976: g. 51.


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463D d t T Pt

t bd t ct tt t t l pct xtt v-ptgw D ml xplctl ddctl ctd wt dlp70. Tcct t cd b tpc mll dlp ptd

ddd wt cl t pw tp. T k pct t cct d-g t mg t tmttl. sm cl v td tt tpt wld t v lt dbt tctl pt t lgd, gv t cttt t l mg lggd dl-p dcd bv, wld v lpvdd t pctl m t dpctc tmt71. i wld t

ggt tt exk m w t d-l t dfc tt btw tT pt, w xpc cmplt d vbl cg mm t ml m, d g -dlg tmt tt ttmp (od cmp di), cclv (Tt) llv (act-) d dpctd v ptg bd ct72.

o t t d, t Mc cpld t b d dtg t Homer-ic Hymn to Dionysus t 6t ct73.all tt pv tt t lgd xt-d m m, ld b 530 BC. Tdvt m t Homeric hymn t m d mptt t llw dct dpdc t Mc cpt t pm. i tt lgt, w btt d-

mt, lg wt J P smll, tt(i) the pictures do not match the texts wehave, it is more parsimonious to assumethat they were not meant to rather than tooer explanations or why they deviate74d ccld tt exk llw d-t v t lgd75.

T vgtg D pp tw m mmt, cp Bld mp Tq76. T Bl

cp c wk, dtg m 500-490

BC d w t gd, dkg d, mll bt, dd bbc77. n dlp pp t ll (Fg.5). T Tq mp m lb-t pc, dtd t t lt dcd t6t ct: bt d ttqD td bd lg pd ccmpd b dmtv td wm w dc, mk mc dt t p78 (Fg. 6). i t pt t Tq mp d t mt t T pt md, llw tv, wc, lk epd Cyclops

d t ptg dcbd b Plt-t, mpl t pc cd pcg t llw t gd79.

T c ltd t mll gp v wg D kd btw ppg t bd wl-ct t m p, pctt l cld t, m d -ccl ml80. T v cll -ltd tl: tw kp b t T-

Pt, t blg t t

Fg. 5. Bl, atkm-mlg sMB V.i. 2961. atK 1976: g. 52.


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464 Dmt Pltd

Wt h Gp, wl t t v t gmt t llw ttbt81.T m bjct pp ld tpm Mtg d Mz scl82.

T Blg kp pt tmt cmplt v t pc-: t wld p dw b twt; t llwd b m, gl c-g t ccl bkt, t ld-g tbl, tw ml ldg twg,d tw m ml ldg cclbll (Fg. 7). o t Ld kp t-pl cldd t pc,lg wt bdd m cgtwg d ldg ccl bll. o t

acpl kp l t gd d tpp pvd. T Tbg g-mt pv pt t wl ct.o t Mtg d Mz ld tp, bd tpllc t pll t pct m bt d wt p. Tp ct dtcl ll cmpltdcmt: t mt, t wl pmtv tp, t vblm ppl, t pw tk t

m ml d (b dg) d

c wt c-cd tcdptt vbl t t. T c-t t c t cl, bt w ml ccld tt t t tm -dpbl vgt, c t b-t ptt p ttcv ptg, wt t gct xcp-t t Tq mp (Fg. 6)83.

a pc p kw tv ccd vl et Gk ct(sm, P, ep) dg D-c tvl mt t dtd wtt Katagogia84. evdc dt m thlltc d t rm pd, xcpt gmt et Gk mp

m Kk; pbbl ptd egpt,t pvd t c lk wt tat pc t kp. Tmp, w oxd, w mdd egpt p cg p t ld d t-lk gptg wt tw pll tdg t pw85. it bl t m ttt p pc mgt vb cd b egpt tl86.

sc D Wtt tcl 1875, t

Fg. 6. Tq, M a-clgc nzl 676.at hd 1992: pl. 23.


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465D d t T Pt

gp kp b cctd tt mt t gd tmp v tT pt llgdl llttd t Mc cp b exk87. Mtcl, wv, tk tt t bjct t kp t tl ctmt t mtcl vl D attcdg tvl, t t att88 t Cvc D, w t vg-t p89. Bt pt vb cl gd, bt gd c- clp. it t mdtt t g ppg t p-ct t mg t gd, pt d-gd t gd90, wl t Tq

mp c t mtcl vltl91. a pzzlg pct tt t c-gp t p-ct pc wt-lvd, dg t t bt t d t 6t ct92. T cg tblv tt t c pt t pt mgt v b mm-bl ct, t bt pbl cddtbg t tdct t tmplpc t Ct D, wc

w tttd b t g at

dmcc dg t lt t6t ct93. Wt t dd t -twd, bcm dft t v-pt, qt tt ct b -wd b pt vdc94.

Qt w cl tk tt ttl dg t mg d tpcld cct wt t Ho-meric Hymn d t exk cp: ll tvl dcd bv wp95, ct tt dd m wgt t t -gmt t w blv tt tll w D cg t p t T pt. i ct, t wtk gtd b m cl tt

t Homeric Hymn pvd tlg t tmpl vl D at dg pg tvl96. smld ld t t ggt tt t M-c cp w pcll dgd dg t clbt t att-97. T gl lkl, gv tt tcp b td etctmb98. T dc bg bckt t pblm dtmg t g-

gpc d tl c t Ho-

Fg. 7. Blg, M Cv-c 130. at K 1976:g. 59.


16/40

466 Dmt Pltd

meric Hymn, t wc w ll t t xt tw ct t td.

T m p, t cgp tlgd t T pt w -tbld dg t lt cc pd.el v dlp m d t

b cctd t t lgd tl. o tMc cp (Fg. 4), exk c tvd t pd t tmt t pt (mpzd b t Pt Vtc 238) d cctt ttmt t gd ct wtt pt99. i , t tw ptdpt dft vwpt: t Tldd, D bt, c t c t T pt, wl t

Mc cp, t dlp l tt lgd, bt t l t tv dmd. T t ptgt tgd ml, tmpl t dv pw. T t tmp t cd b t ct tt t gdcl t t lt, t l dpct bqt, wl t p d t tgt, wc w t tdtl dct t vct at t100. Wl ttw cc mmt d t ct-dct t tv t Homeric Hymn toDionysus, t d t dpd t, dt ctl ct b d vdc t dtg. a gd t lt clcl,hlltc d rm mmt, tm v b pd m vt lt d tg v t mt.n tbld cgpc tdt

ppt.

tyrrhenIans eastand WestandthelocalIzatIonofthemythofthe raptof dIonysus

W t T pt dt t Homeric Hymn, d w ddt ct tk plc? Wt mtv-

t tcl tml l bd t

cc tt gp ppl cp-t t dv wt?

rtlt ttmptd t lk t h-mc hm t at d attc, btt ccl cvcg101. T HomericHymn to Dionysus d t pc

lct. T pbbl d t t cttt t hmc hm d dtlg lcl ttg, bt w d-td t b ctd t gt Pl-lc tvl d t w dptblt dft pmc ctxt102. Tb , m ggpcl dct gv, t pt plg tc t t w ld (v. 28).T ppc tcl d t

ml t Gk t -cc d clcl pd (egpt dCp) pt t t et Mdt- t g t ctvt103, btt cl t mtcl ld thpb ld wt gtpttg t mc wgt t d-ct: t m tt t pm lck lcl cg104. Wt t pt kt mpz tt t pt w tmv D m t Gk wld,d ll m t bb lvg twt t-wt (hpb), tst (egpt) t et (Cp)105.

i epd, t ttg t Cyclops scl, ltg t cll ttd ttt t lg t c D db ttckd b tmpt f t cpMl (v. 18). T pmptd mc

dc, c Ml ptcllv cl t Ml, lgd et-c kg rgvll, bt l, ccdgt bc glg, t t eg, at wm cctdt t Dc tvl t a.Mv, t cp Ml w t lg-d m sl. T, t bggtd tt t gd w kdppdwl tdg t ct, t t pm-

t Ml106. T t gt-


17/40

467D d t T Pt

d ct ttmpt t cct t mwt Ct d t cmmcl tt scl d t Wt t lt 7 t c-t, v t tctll ml mt t pt a b t pt d bqt vg b dlp t

cp T107. Bt t mt CpMl t t dvt dt cl mpl j wt-wd. i t p pd t cpMl tg m, t w lgm et t Wt108, xctl lk od(Odyssey, 9.80-81). i ct, m clblv tt epd ld b gdmg t w dpt tl v- t lgd109. n t occdtl

dct c b ld t110. Cp Ml bv pt vgt btdct, d t mt b epdd t cl t ttg t lgd.

T ft t lk t lgd t tag111 m m lgtmt. Wlt t tt t sm cp wt tdlp d ctd bv, b p-pt cct t t lgd112, ld t g t vdc tlclzt t lgd t nx, Kd ic tv, mtlhlltc d rm dt. i apll-d, D wtd t l m ict nx, bt t pt td t ll m a. nx t gd dtt cmm Lt c (ovd, hgd sv) d m b tcd t agl-tNaxika t t hlltc

c, w lt. T t nxttg, ccptd b lg mjt cl113, d t b cdd t lgt mptt mpt ptt b Mcl hd, ml ttt lgd t tmt tT pt bt ctl-lt Dc tv cldgt pc t d vg tg t ld nx (lk t r-

t hpt d t t

Gd wt ad d lgd, tv d epd Cyclops, Pltt cct t npl pt-g, t Lkt Mmt d rm ptt t mt)114.altg t m t b pt

hd gmt, ld t -m tt nx ttg t lvlbl lt. F xmpl, t Ho-meric Hymn to Dionysus ctl dt blg t c nx tdt. ot t d, w ccpt hdt tt t Tq mp(Fg. 6), w t d md ctD p, dpct pdm t m mt, t t nx v-

mgt blg t t ltt t t d t 6t ct.

Gk t t rm implpd (al atd, Lc, Cx Pgm d Lg), t lgd t T pt ctptt t et dvt D id. T p t qt t T- t t etc, d plc tctvt t wt wld115. Plt-t t dpt wt ttg, w tt tt t pt w ctv t w wt, .. t Ts. n pk scl lgd,bt t d t b pt gv t-dt116, bc, P Cv ptlcmmt, n itl d etv plc dc ggpd t m Tyrrhenos d t dt

t btt scl117

.T t ccl t bdw m t t dc: 1. Tttg t mt c tbld wtbl ctt l t hll-tc Pd. a nx ttg pbl,bt b w pv, v lv t lgd. 2. Dft v- ctl ccltd tgt, dt bjctv mtd t d

wt dg ctt wc


18/40

468 Dmt Pltd

w t l. 3. T itlc scl t-tg, wtt cct c-cd, pbbl lt dvlpmt,d gw m t d t d cc-dtl ctpt t t et dv-t D. it m cl w

t ccdtl tdt dvlpd. M- Ct gd tt t tk p t cd l t t ct dw pt rm ppgd wt -t-etc vt, md pbl t v mmt tt t ag T- w l xtct118. Bt b p-t vdc, t lt xtt ctt lk t T t mt tet t Tld d, m t

ct d l l. i wll xplt mptt pct t dc t lt ct t td.

a gd t qt t t-c g t T, clppvd pbl w:

1. at l tg, t lgd - t gp -Gk pkgppl lvg t t pt tag (ml Clkdk, t hll-pt g d t ld Lm- d imb), t -clld etT119, bc t ttg t t t ld nx tplc t ag.

2. altg t t tk plc t et Mdt, t ptg-t etc, t mdgpt, ttl w tmpl c-

cpd tgld t ag dgt cc pd.3. T ttg ccdtl d t

ptgt etc pt mt Wt (scl itl).

4. T tm T d t t l tcl ppl, bt d m pt 120, gc tm wc d t dt tv wll kw ppl t g

t wld, t g tm121.

T t t w q ttt bckgd t mt cttcl lt, gtd b t wd-pd bl tt t T w t pt, jdgg, tc,m epd c (Cyclops, 11-

12) t t 122.Wt t t t etc tag, gg dbt ctclp.

T xtc T p-pl t ag dcmtd b t-ct t123. hllc Mtl gd tt t Plg Tl, t t xpl b tGk, mgtd t itl, ldd

sp, dd Ct, d cgdt m t T124. ispcl gmt t-pl Ina-chos (. 270 rdt), t ptgt tgt l t pl ag d tck h, ld t Plg-T. T m m tgm t spcl pd twdpd t bl tt tPlg ag hm t ct Plp d tt ct tgtt T d t Plg pttv t bb p-llc ppl Gc125. Tcdd(4.109) pt tt d t P-lg lvd t akt pl Tc, d mg tm g tT, w c ccpd atd t ld Lm. T p

tt t T dtcl wt jt pt t t t Pl-g, mplctl jctd gd bhdt, wm t T Clkdk gb t Pl-g d pk dft lgg126.i t 1t ct aD, D l -jctd hllc t, clmg ttt T w t Plg, bttv ppl itl127. otw, mt

c t tw m, T-


19/40

469D d t T Pt

d Plg, tcgbl.it mt b mpzd, wv, tt t ct c mk cc-t btw t ag Td pc. apptl, t w tct dvlpmt128.

T c btw T t ag d t ctpt t Wt, t etc, gv t t dft tdt tt td tlk tw dtt d cltll v df-t ppl. T, atcld mplbltd t lv t pblm b ggt-g tt t T w ddimb d Lm lld tmlv tt Ld T, w t ltt

mgtd et129. T dtct t tw ppl m l wk t t- w d: Ml Mtm, t t 3d ct BC, clmd ttt T gtd itl, btt mgtd t t ag d t-t w clld Plg130.

Lm t t ct t d-c, tt w t pmptd bt pctcl dcv, 1884, gvd dt tl t Km, t t pt t ld, bgGk ltt, bt wtt lggv cl t etc131. aclgclvdc d t ppt t pttt t pk t lggw clt m t Wt. sclv lkd t lt, cld-g ptc mgt m Wt t

et (qll dd clg-cl gd), t xtc pl-lc tt cll ltd lgtcllt t tcl etc, wc tdmlt tl t t ct BC.

i hm, t Lm dcd-t t agt, lvg tgtwt tv ppl, t st. Tppl Lm cdd P-lg b hdt, tv

t ccpt t ld b t

at d Mltd m t t P ot t ltdLm 511, pbbl d 506BC132. it mtm ttd tt t -cdt gtd at tt t mt t tmt t

T pt133. hdt ctw dtct tdt, p-at-, t t p-Plg tt gbck t hct. T Plg dc ccpd at, bt, t vt, t w dv t b tat d tk g t ld Lm. sm tm lt, t LmPlg dd attc d kdppdt at gl clbtg t B-

134. T t ll tk vdc at ppgd tpd t t cqt t ld,bt d t b lt t d txt ct. it b ctl ttdtt t lgd pbbl blg t l mtlgcl tt atg d w -lbtd t p-p jtg t at mltct135.

Pt-t ct c dtctlm t btt Lm T-136. T ptt pt ctd m tdt, wctt tt t T Lm, -tgtd b t ppl ag, td ttl h tt m tmpl tld sm, bt ld, bc tw bl t mv t p137.

Gv t xtc t bd vdc, d t ttm -tt c Tcdd, t t p tt t vt mjt cldt t T t HomericHymn wt t btt Lm138.Bt t ptt wt T-, .. t etc, pt ldt b vlkd139. W kw mep tt, b t dt

nx 736 BC, t T pt


20/40

470 Dmt Pltd

d td t ct scl, bgt w t Gk clt140. slv-tdxcd b pt tg kdppg,wc mgt b dcmtd t Ho-meric Hymn, ttctt t ctxt t cc pd141.

ot cl, wv, ttbt tt pt ctvt b t Tt t tcl ctxt t 4 t ctBC, w lt c mtcdb pgpc vdc. i t pd,c ctvt bt dcmtd t adtc, tk t t -t t at t t gt cc t t c ct ntitl142. i t l hlltc pd, t

cmp t gt gt t pt t ld rd. T m bd vdc b ctl lzd bal B, d d t cc dtl : t ttt t Ttgld t mll ld a-tkt (agl), wc w cldb t rd t143.

ivtbl, mb clp t dt t T ptmtd t Homeric Hymn to Dio-nysus wt t etc. T d gbck t Blc144, bt t b ctlmltd m tclt w bMcl G. accdg t t gpt, t c t lgd tpt D pt t tcltt t ag dg t xtct BC, w Lm d t-

tlmt etc td, w lpctcd pc ccll. T -t cbtd b Lt t, wtk t gtd tt t T etc, v w t ttg t t nx t ag145.G g t d m tt tmt tg m t t pjc-t, t mtlgcl lvl, tlg tdg cmmcl vl t

btw Gk d etc, mkd

b t vct t m. Dtd w, t mt cpctd cmmdt tptd tMdt146.

i vw t c c-, m wd t ll pbl

t d wc bc t T mt t t Homeric Hymn. T-, lk Plg, m t v b lv m, cvt tm td lgtc gp tt pk -tllgbl, bb lgg147. P-pl mt plc d mt tm,t T pvdd t-mdl p d cvlzd bv d tclt w pvbl148. Gk c

t dcb tm cl, btd vlt ppl, pt, kdppd vd. attl pp tlt xtt c tt mt tm T tt, t pctc cg ttg cp c t cwt lvg cptv, ttg xctl pbl gt t t. T vc-tm w dg tbl w149. Ltc mt t tt, bt wtt c t t pt150. JcqBcwg t mt mkgt cct btw t etctt, d t pd t HomericHymn, w D mclllbtd m bd. hwv, ggt tt attl d t opc pm d tt t mt t tmt t T p-

t cll ltd t t pc mt t dmmbmt D bt Tt, b gll gd clcl clp151. i t pt cp, attl dpl kwl-dg t etc152, t wld tb bl t ccld tt dctl g t tm, d t t tag T. Bt t c b ctt . F t t rm

pd w ctd attl pg (d-


21/40

471D d t T Pt

ctl dctl), t T t-t w gl etc ctm.

T bv bvt wll lp xpl t l t T t lgd. i m cld t m ttt pvbll cl cct md

tm t dl tgt t dv plt tk vg t mdd. Tm md, t l t tcl, td t gp -d d t t ptcl -tcl tt.

M mpt, t, tt t ptv w t dtm wt c-tt t t gl ttg tlgd t t g t T-

pt. T pp t tlpct t Homeric Hymn to Dionysus:t ct dlbtl plcd kw pmt; t dv t gd bd tt td,cl g pmdl bbw dd td t t w pw-l gd, w pl vg tw bl t dcp. all bqtdvlpmt (m tm tll vl) mgt b gdd ttmpt ttlz t mt d cct t wttcl ppl d l plc.

dolphIns, dIonysusand etrurIa

T Tld d dptbl v-dc tt t mt t T

pt w ccltg et l t bgg t 5t ct BC.hwv, t xtc etcmmt dlg wt t lgd t tmt t T mtm tk vdc gtt dtct t pt wt tetc, bc t mt t-t-153. i t wd, t T- pt ct b etc, bc

t dpctd etc m-

mt. i wd wt t tp -g lpl. o t Tld d,t tt mp t dlp-mm l t t tt t cmmtp t vctm t gd, gg ttmp d t pp D.

T bvt mk lkl tw -mpt, t tt t etc ptdtd t T wt t et-c154, d cd tt cltl ww t cct, pptltg t tmd l v-ptg attc g. Tt t p-tcl lgd d pcl mg t etc t cd mt ct tt t dc mt, p-

pd t gc mg t dct, ldm dpctd ccet155.

o l vld t xt-c vt tdt btt mt t tmt tT pt t dlp. Tc t lgd t d t gdt v dvt vld mg tmtl d t p t w fd pp m. T tmt tpt, mkbl d pctcl -pct tl, m ctl plc t156 d w t m cc tt, t t xp t lmt t tv. at t gt, t mltmt t wll t cpct D t tcd t bdbtw m d dv, m d -

ml, l d dt157

. i Pltt tb ttd, t cg w t gdd xclvl gtv ct: t pt td m m t ml dm vl t bvlt ct, ttt tmt bt cpld pclgcl, ldg t t mlmpvmt. i Gk mtlg, tdlp pp bvlt ctwc c cld, dlct ld

t bck158. T cct


22/40

472 Dmt Pltd

wt D g bd t glct w d t w-gd tt 159 d cd tl pc-tc, pcll t m cl dc-. Dlp dc, mt tbl epd Helen (1454-1455) d lt

c. T dc ccl d gd d p, bt mt pbbld pp t tg160. o C-t v, t dlp mtmctd wt pddd kmt161.

M-Cl a Bl162 mdt ptt bvt tt c-t tm lt v t lgd t T pt (ovd, hg,Pltt d n) t t

d md ctd p t ptjt b t mmt t d-t lp t t . T lt t tt md cd b dcdcg d mc. T mddd l- cqd b t d t dcd t cm ctct wtt wv, t dg dcl t-mt ldg t w xtc,wc m b plbl pllld t tl t l xpcd b t llw- D. Bt pmt d lvt m md d t, ttmt pt t dlpmk t tdct t t t t gd.

etc mmt pvd -t lk btw D d t dl-p. it b td ctl tt t

ppc dlp lpg t t etc wll-ptg d m- t lt cc pd d tv dctv ct, bt bt ctlgcl mg163. sc ttmb gdd plc mdtbtw t wld t lvg d twld t dd, t d pttgz dlp lpg t t t lw pt wll-ptg d

gvd m d tmb mgt

v vd pt jct b-tw t tw wld. T ct lpgt t dp gdd, cgp d mblm, ct pg m t wld t lvg tt wld t dd164.

T qt t bqt wtt dc tl v wllkw t cgp et d st itl, w mt t dcmt llttg t mt t T pt v b d.s t m jtd t m tt tmt w gdd mtp dt d bt. T wld xpl tlgd ltv pplt

mmt ltg t tl pmmg w t ctlgcl165.

it m t cd wt mdt etc dpt t t mtwt t-T vt. T c-cdtl v t mt ld bpbbl gdd tv lb-t, cgd b t ct tt tggpcl cg t mtw lt dlbtl p t HomericHymn. it mpbl t m wtt lgd w v d dtmt t tdct t d-c clt et. o t t d, t plbl t ggt tt t dtc-t t T t t etcm v b gtd b gwgtt D d cgp t cd l t xt ct

BC. Gk mt et, mg ttg, fd t lcl lt cc- t ptcpt t m cltlvmt t Gk. Lgd wtlcl tt, lk t t T- pt, wld v cgd t blgg t t cvlzd wld,d mgt v d pltcl mplc-t, wll. T dvt dcclt et, wc b pt vdc

ccd t md-6t ct BC, w


23/40

473D d t T Pt

ctl cgd b t blt ttv t dt tmlv p-d t gd g d t d plc Gk mtcl t.

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notes

1 F dtld d cd xmt t ptt tc t D, mas-senzIo 1969.

2 rohde 1925: 283.3 massenzIo 1969; mcgInty 1978.4 guthrIe 1955: 145-182; seaford 1996.5 o D tc vg dv-

t cgzd, Versnel 1990: 164-172.6 massenzIo 1969.7 o tc t m t vld-

t t tbld c btw gd d

m, mcgInty 1978.

8 Gl cct: crusIus 1889; BrunsWIck1963; James 1975; herter 1980; gIuffrIda IentIle1983: 33-47; de spagnolIs 2004: 41-47.

9 JaIllard 2011: 135: ramework and em-phasis seem to be exceptionally (and perhapsintentionally) detached rom all local anchorage,whether it be cultic, mythical, or historical.

10 sclp t dtg t hmchm: gIuffrIda IentIle 1983: 35-36, . 12, faulkner2011: 14 d JaIllard 2011: 133, . 2. Mt c-l ccpt dt t 6t t 5t ct.Isler-kernyI 2010, gd tt tl D-, t ppg t HomericHymn, ccvbl at t bt 430. Cqtl, t dt ld b t-k tm post quem t dtg t m. a ml gmt w t dv-cd b paretI 1926: 47.

11 Mythographi Vaticanii, p. 39, . 122 dp. 133, . 171, d. Bd; seneca, Agamemnon451; serVIus, Schol. ad VIrgIl, Eneid, i, 67; lucIan,Dialogues o the Sea Gods 8 d On Dance 22;aelIusarIstIdes Disc. XLi, 8 Kl; charaX Pg-m FGrHist 103 F 31; oppIan, Hal. i 646-685;propertIus, Elegies 17.25-26 (curvaque Tyrrhenosdelphinium corpora nautas / in vada pampineadesiluisse rate); Palatine Anthology iX, 82, 524(w D clld ); lon-

gus, Daphnis and Chloe iV, 2-3.12 James 1975: 17: Although it is impossible todate the hymn within a century or two, no one islikely to dispute that it is the oldest extant versiono the story and no more than that is assumed inthis study.

13 F. 236 ett Cmmt Odyssey 10, 240. at pdc pg, c-td phIlodemus, On Piety 48, m l tt m lgd (crusIus 1889: 207, . 20 dBrIquel 1984: 273, . 74).

14

Dw t t hlltc pd, t lGk tm pt w . T mwd l m bdt. T wd ,m wc dv t md tm, ppt attc cpt m rm d-td t 267 BC. atwd, bt tm dccmttl. at tm, , mc . F ll dc, ferone 1997:46-59; de souza 1999: 3-9.

15 V. 55-57: , , : ,


28/40

478 Dmt Pltd

. V. 55, cpt. kershaW 1991: 59-60, -t t wd , ct. eden 2003: 210,d td d g tt akt t m t lmm.

16 garca 2002: 16-17.17 mcgInty 1978: 76-80.18 a c xplt, ccdg

t seaford 1984: 97. s l JeanmaIre 1951:227: Le ait quil (.. epd) donne pour ori-gine de la msaventure du dieu linimiti dHra,dont il nest pas question dans lhymne, autoriselhypothse quil en utilisait une version dirente.

19 seaford 1984: 97.20 act, , m t w

d t lp, v pppt m l: chuVIn 1990: 76.

21 a t cct t m vpp sv cmmt t Aeneid i, 67.sc Oedipus (449-466) l w w- t Metamorphoses, bt pt mwt dft v, wc nclmd t d cgd t wt tmdw: James 1975: 25-26.

22 T mt t p pp svcmmt tAeneidi, 67 d Myth. Vat. i, 2, 20.it mplctl lldd t ovd dcpt t gd puer. s James 1975: 24; herter 1980:117, chuVIn 1991: 75 & romIzzI 2002: 353, . 8.

23

n pptl pd m ovdcc t mbd t tv t t Tbpd: crusIus 1889: 225; James 1975: 29d chuVIn 1991: 76. VIan 2000: 690, m c-t tg t dpdc np ovd mdl d lv p t p-blt tt t lg tt. nmdl t t pt tv (45.105-132) pptl t hmc hm, wl tcd pt (45.133-169) dpl mb lmt d lw w wk,

cmbd wt v lmt d -l cct: VIan 2000: 687.24 VIan 2000: 684.25 crusIus 1889: 221, 224; James 1975: 34;

chuVIn 1991: 76. n cct pbbl -pd m ovd, wt mcc m thmc hm.

26 James 1975: 32 d VIan 2000: 688. Tt pp l phIlostratus, Imagines,i. 19.

27 s mt tbl sutton 1973.

28 iv. 82.134. Bk d pd. ht.: 52.1

cm. Boulter & luckner 1984: 14-16 & pl. 90; ras-smussen & spIVey 1986: 3-4, g. 3-8; rIzzo 1987:176-177 & 311, . 130; hararI 1988: 36, g. 5;Bonfante 1993: 227, g. 22; hararI 1997: 155, .1, pl. 115; descoeudres 2000: 331: g. 6; csapo2003: 83, g. 4.5-4.6; frontIsI-ducrouX 2003: 9,g. 1 & 85, g. 20; despagnolIs 2004: g. 67; noBIlI2009: 5, g. 3; BuXton 2009: 77, g. 9.

29 rassmussen & spIVey 1986: 2-3; spIVey 1987:42-45. T wk, dd d nw ykMkt (Christies 6.12.2004, p. 156, 527). ot bd: acll mbg Tl. o tld: tw md. o t ck: cck.

30 Cmp t d Lv Ca 2510b t Pt Vtc 238 (spIVey & rassmus-sen 1986: 2, g. 1-2), kt c LcMkt wt dlp lpg t t (ArsAntiqua Lagerkatalog 3, 1967, 81) d tck-mp Gttg hu 749b (Bentz 2001:pl. 40.2-4).

31 frontIsI-ducrouX 2003: 83. s l BuXton2009: 76, . 2.

32 frontIsI-ducrouX 2003 : 83; de spagnolIs2004: 55.

33 Boulter & luckner 1984: 14; hararI 1988: 36;Bonfante 1993: 227; daspagnolIs 2004: 55; noBIlI2009: 14.

34 i.. P, Lv Ca 2510 (bv, . 30).35

o dlp wll-ptg d g-vd m, descoeudres 2000: 325-330.36 i v t 23 etc blck-gd

v wt dlp. Mcl kt: spIVey1987: 16-17, 93-96; 23, . 144; gaultIer 2003:41, . 26. nt l kt c LcMkt (bv, . 30). ot v m tm wkp: t c Mc 926 (spI-Vey 1987: 11, . 40), gmt bwl klx hdlbg (e 32: spIVey 1987: 17, . 99), twmll ck-mp Cmbdg (rassmussen

& spIVey 1986: 6, g. 12; spIVey 1987: 14, . 68)d Flc (rassmussen & spIVey 1986: 5, g. 9)d t d Lv Ca 2510 b t Pt Vtc 238 (bv, . 30). Ptc wkp:t kt Wzbg ha 512 (hannestad 1976,66, . 78). L Tl Gp: t d rm,Vll Gl 50600 (morettI sguBInI 2000: 78, .44) d t mp Flc 92194, 92181d rm, Vll Gl 50655 (rallo 2009: 761 &764, wt l bblgp). iv-L Gp:t mp Bt 62.70, swtzld, p-

vt d Ld r sx 2 ( Werner 2005: pl. 26,


29/40

479D d t T Pt

4.7/7.3, 4.7/7.4 d 4.7/7.1); ovt bc:t ck-mp Gttg h 749b (bv,. 30). uttbtd: cp d kt c t Ld Mkt (Christies 23.9.1998, 255d Sothebys 11.7.1988, . 301 pctvl).Dlp pp t Ct d:rm, Vll Gl 50643 (morettI sguBInI 2000:80, . 46), Mc, t stv nc cllc-t d Lv e 696 (hemelrIJk 2009: pl. 10-11,18b d 37b).

37 hararI 1988: 38. o dlp Gk v--ptg, steBBIns 1929: 9-11 d 97-131;Isler 1977; VIdalI 1997.

38 s bv, . 36.39 csapo 2003: 82-83, gd tt there is

nothing on this kalpis to suggest an illustration t tmt t T pt.h t (d)olphins with human eet dan-ce upside down Six dolphins ollow each otheras i dancing upside down upon the line markingthe shoulder o the vase. T dg tcvcg: t wv l dt t ,t q-vtcl mvmt t dlp-m dctv dvg, d bt lmtct t tg l t t mt t T pt. Cp bvt ttt dlp dpt dcg tttd d tcl vldt t dtct t

c wt t mt t T pt,bc t tmd pt d tb dcg lt c (hygInus, PoeticaAstronomica 17 d lucIan, On Dance 22). evt mlt t dlp-m t Tldd wt t pt-m, pt-dlp gtt pp t ptc mp rm, C-vt, v. . 91, bt t plll t ttbv, c t ptt t gv bt m t d dlp tl (csapo2003, 83 & 84, g. 7).

40

rassmussen & spIVey 1986: 7.41 Lv MnC 674: csapo 2003: 87, g. 4.10-4.11; noBIlI 2009: 6, g. 5.

42 rm, Vll Gl 64608: rassmussen &spIVey 1986: 6, g. 13; VIdalI 1997: 120, . a1.6,pl. 8; csapo 2003: 82, g. 4.4; de spagnolIs 2004:g. 46. T mg bg md pg epd Electra (435: w t pp-lvgdlp lpg). T w ppl -mpt tt t dlp lv mcd c b cmd b gg m

(plIny, NH iX, 8). pIndar (. 140b.13-17) lk

p t t dlp d bt lvl d t t. al lvcmgt b t ct tt t btg l tdlp w clld aulos Gk (arIstotle, Hist.Anim. 537-b). o ll t, steBBIns 1929: 91-92, daVIes 1979: 74-75, wt g. 6 & csapo 2003:71-78.

43 Mt 855: rohde 1955: cl. 102-111, .2, g. 6-8; hararI 1988: 39, g. 3; csapo 2003: 81,g. 4.2-3; despagnolIs 2004: g. 46; noBIlI 2009:5, g. 2.

44 rassmussen & spIVey 1986: 6; csapo 2003: 82.45 at, ac. 1033: crIstofanI 1983: 59 & g.

39; hararI 1988: 41; VIdalI 1997: 58-59, 144, .a2.242; despagnolIs 2004: g. 47.

46 Pldlp uvt Mm Ms 3440:csapo 2003: 82, . 37.

47 csapo 2003: 81, wt ltt . 35.48 a t gd, mg t, b hararI

1988: 40, kossatz & kossatz-deIssmann 1992: 469-470, gIuffrIda IentIle 1983: 42 d de spagnolIs2004: 54. T cct dd b rassmus-sen & spIVey 1986: 6 d csapo 2003: 81 (But weshould especially doubt the argument that becau-se the pirates in later art are shown as dolphinswith human eet, dolphins with human eet inearlier art are thereore pirates), llwd b no-BIlI 2009: 7.

49

Lttl c b d lt d-g v kw p d dt (c Tmb,Fk Clvt cllct), kw l m d-cpt, ctd b herter 1980: 131, . 2 dltd b hararI 1997: 155, .2.

50 cou 1893; Bauer 1977; herter 1980: 118-119; ehrhardt 1993.

51 epcll mmt t rmpd, ltd blw, . 58.

52 s csapo 2003: 80, . 30, l -c.

53

oc rm, Fm r 65.75, w lt. Ft dtct t bjct d dtlddcpt, del chIaro 1974: 65-66 d g.5. s l crIstofanI 1983 : 60 & g. 68; JolIVet1985: 64-65, g. 5; hararI 1988: 42; Bonfante1993: 226; romIzzI 2002: pl. Vii, g. 1; despagnolIs2004: 58. rassmussen & spIVey 1986: 7, g. 14, p- t dt t p wt t cg tt pt apll m K t C, pd td t Homeric Hymn to Apollo.csapo 2003: 83, . 41, d cct t

t mt t T pt.


30/40

480 Dmt Pltd

54 Tt, M aclgc, v. 211:BernaB Brea 1952: 209-210, g. 193 (ggtt t bjct bt ttc c). sl rassmussen & spIVey 1986: 6, kossatz d kos-satz-deIssmann 1992: pl. 108.2; hararI 1997: 155,. 3, pl. 115; descoeudres 2000: 334, . 40, . 2d despagnolIs 2004: 59 d g. 68.

55 kossatz d kossatz-deIssmann 1992: pl.108.3; descoeudres 2000: 334, . 40, . 3.

56 despagnolIs 2004: 73. T dbt xp-d b noBIlI 2009: 14, . 50, m t m -dd.

57 despagnolIs 2004: 65-66.58 romIzzI 2002, lt l m t Vll

hd (pl. Vii, g. 2), m mc m th D d ul m Dgg T, dtg m t md-td ct aD(pl. Viii, g 3), dc cpg mrcd alg, m t t l ttd ct aD (pl. Viii, g. 4) d l plkm T, dtd t t t l t tct aD (pl. Viii, g. 5; hararI 1997: 155, .5, pl. 115). T lt dcmt bvl d-pdt ovd tv, c t lgd t T pt mtcd, t td t v, wt Pt dt. otw-, t pt lgd t gd bd t p.

59

it t cl wt Pltt d-cb l ctl ptg. T d tcc . longus, iV, 2-3, l t ptg llttg t tmt tT pt, llgdl blgg t tdct tmpl D Lb.

60 Mc 2044, m Vlc: ABV146.21. sfellmann 2004: 14-19 d mackay 2010: 221 ., l ltt. T xcpt m T.h. Lw-c pm, T s t s Lvl, ctd mtt t bgg t td,

bvl ptc dcpt t pct.61 mommsen 2005: 23 d Isler-kernyI 2007:186. nt wv tt l gmtd m Ct mgt pt Dd ad clg d vd b gp t bgg t cp d t vl:hedreen 1992: 139-140 d pl. 25. T gd pp- bqt m blck-gdv lt pd. M gct -cp xcptl z wt D l-kd clg bd d plg barbitos

(rm, Vll Gl 773; ABV 381.298; gasparrI

1986: Dionysos 425, pl. 348). D clgpp l t d Ld B 302, w-g pd m t rt hpt(ABV 261.40; gasparrI 1986: Dionysos 556, pl.362), t ck-mp Bt 01.8052 (ABV259.26; Isler-kernyI 2007: g. 83-84) d tck-mp Mc 1562 (Isler-kernyI 2007:g. 95, w D cl vd,lg wt l-kd wm, wl td md tdg t gp). T C-t d dt m cc 570 BC, ll t tv m d 520-510 BC.

62 ul ct cmmt cldmommsen 2005: 22-23; Isler-kernyI 2007: 171-187d mackay 2010: 221-241.

63 paIller 1995, lgd pl. 1.64 i.. de WItte 1875: 11; paretI 1926: 42;

steBBIns 1929: 9-11; neutsch 1949-1950: 47-48;WeBster 1975: 91; kernyI 1976: 167; gaugh 1979:48-50; crIstofanI 1983: 58; BrIquel 1984: 274; som-VIlle 1984: 17; gras 1985: 584; gasparrI 1986: 502;moore 1987: 155; shapIro 1989: 89; auffarth 1990:217; hedreen 1992: 67; kossatz & kossatz-deIssmann1992: 469; schefold 1992: 74-75; de spagnolIs2004: 65.

65 s t dc mackay 2010: 235.T cct w qtd ld bgerhard 1840: xlx, harrIson 1890: 251-252 d

furtWngler & reIchold 1902: 228. farnell 1909:258, gd t an unnecessary and improba-ble supposition. s l James 1975: 20, . 4; sI-mon 1968: 282-288, herter 1980: 123, hararI 1988:40-41; henrIcks 1987: 110; lIssarrague 1987: 118,VIdalI 1997: 108; BeaulIeu 2008: 134; noBIlI 2009: 4d Isler-kernyI 2007: 187 & 2010: 257. rassmus-sen & spIVey 1986: 6, d t xplctl jct tcct wt t mt d lv t q-t p.

66 Isler-kernyI 2010: 257. smll, mackay

2010: 235.67 Gg kaIBel, maass 1888: 78, .4, wt t t cct t exk cp wt g-mt t cmc pt hmpp (63 Kck):Tell me now, Muses dwelling on Mount Olympus,ever since Dionysus has sailed on the wine-darksea, all the good things he has brought hither tomen on his black ship . s l usener 1899:116; furtWngler & reIchold 1902: 228; daVIes1978: 74.

68 sImon 1968: 287; slater 1976: 165-166;

darakI 1982; henrIchs 1987: 110-111; lIssarrague


31/40

481D d t T Pt

1987: 116 t 118; auffarth 1991: 217; mommsen2005: 23; Isler-kernyI 2007: 187; mackay 2010:238.

69 harrIson 1890: 252-253; farnell 1909: 258;Burkert 1983: 201; guarduccI 1983: 116; hararI1988: 40; auffarth 1990: 217; VIdalI 1997: 107-108; mackay 2010: 234.

70 daVIes 1978: 74, ll ct PmpPp cmmt hc Satires2.8.15, bt t C w tt -wt: quid in Chium vinum marina non additur.Inde institutum tradit Varro, ut delphini circaLiberum pingerentur (Because sea-water is notadded to the Chian wine. Varro records that romthat practice it was customarily or dolphins to bedepicted around Bacchus). Bt c vdc -xtt, td t ctxt t mt t T pt, t lt b t r-m pd (BeaulIeu 2008: 134, . 13, lt mmt). o dlp t ctxt dc d mc, bv, p. 472.

71 mackay 2010: 235. o t dlp m, bv, p. 460.

72 daVIes 1986: 183: t apparent incompletemetamorphosis in reality indicates that the a-icted fgure was originally, and remains basically,a human being. T l d t cct Z tmt, t bll t t-

ep, w t t D: BuXton 2009: 76-88.73 gras 1985: 584, . 6. frIckenhaus 1912: 78-

79 d paretI 1926: 45, wt t ggttt t lgd t tmt v-l pt m wk t ml texk cp.

74 small 2003: 25-26.75 T pblt ckwldgd b shapI-

ro 1989: 89; mommsen 2005: 22; mackay 2010: 235d Isler-kernyI 2010: 258. s l t dc-

JaIllard 2011: 147.76 ald dcd b frIckenhaus 1912: 61-79 d paretI 1926: 41-42.

77 Bl, atkmmlg sMB V.i. 2961,ABV 639.100; kernyI 1976: g. 52; schWarzmeIer2008: 90, g. 11.

78 Tq, M aclgc nzl678, m Tq. frIckenhaus 1912: 76-77, g.1-2; kernyI 1976: g. 49-50; gasparrI 1986: D- 792, pl. 392; auffarth 1991: g. 4; hedreen1992: pl. 23; tassIgnon 2003: g. 2; Broder 2008:

125, g. 1; JaIllard 2011: g. 2. T c t

tw d t mp vtll dtcl.79 hedreen 1992: 68.80 frIckenhaus 1912; paretI 1926: 41-45; kernyI

1976: 167; Burkert 1983: 201, . 26; hedreen 1992:67-68; tassIgnon 2003: 85; De spagnolIs 2004: 62-63; Broder 2008: 124-125; mackay 2010: 234.

81 1. Ld, T Bt Mm 1836.2-24.62 (B 79), m ac scl: ABL 250.30;kernyI 1976: g. 58-59; guarduccI 1983: 113, pl.iii; gasparrI 1986: Dionysos 828, pl. 398; Borgers2004: 144, . 8, pl. 4; frItzIlas 2006: 62, . 20,pl. 8.20. 2. at, ntl Mm, acplCllct 1281, m t acpl at:ABL 250.29; kernyI 1976: g. 57; guarduccI 1983:109, pl. i; gasparrI 1986: 492, Dionysos 827; he-dreen 1992: pl. 2; Borgers 2004: 143, . 2, pl. 2;Broder 2008, 126, g. 2. 3. Blg, M Cvc130, m Blg, t. 109 t D Lc cm-t: ABL 253.15; kernyI 1976: g. 56; guarduccI1983: 111, pl. ii; gasparrI 1986: Dionysos 829, pl.392; gttlIcher 1992: 104, g. 59; Broder 2008:127, g. 3; 4. Tbg, uvtt, 1497 (D 53). (kw pvc): auffarth 1991: g. 5;gttlIcher 1992: 105, g. 60. it t ttd ttt gmt cm m kp, bt t t pv: Borgers 2004: 91, . 552.

82 de mIro 1982; auffarth 1991: g. 3; gttlI-cher 1992: 105, g. 61. T tp 1.80 m. lg

d 0.40 m. lg. mansfIeld 1985: 121, qt-d t ttct. F gd dc t pblm ltg t t ct d tcltl bckgd t bjct, Borgers2004: 91.

83 gttlIcher 1992: 104-105; tassIgnon 2003:87; mackay 2010: 233.

84 s tassIgnon 2003 ( c d bbl-gp). i v m dbt gd t v-lt cct t tl, t ctctdt.

85

oxd 1924.264: Boardman 1958; hedreen1992: pl. 24.86 Boardman 1958; mansfIeld 1985: 121-130;

humphreys 2004: 230.87 de WItte 1875: 12-13, t Ld

kp (bv, . 81, . 1). s l neutch1949-1950: 47-48. de spagnolIs 2004: 65 & 66,ttmpt t lt t tw wl-lk bjctdctg t pp pt t p w t lt Gcl plt m t rg (bv,. 53) wt t p-ct t kp. T

ggt cvcg: t w-lk mt


32/40

482 Dmt Pltd

c b lkd t ml l Vllv dl etc tl mt.

88 Ft gd b nIlsson 1900: 125, w -ctd t pc wt t cd mg D wt t w t c Bl,t Bl, dg t cd d t a-tt. s l nIlsson 1908: 399-402; deuBner1932: 102-103; guarduccI 1980 & 1983: 107; sImon1983: 93 (gg tt t pc tk plcdg t t d t tvl); graf 1985: 366-367; auffarth 1990: 113, . 3; gttlIcher 1992: 103-107; hedreen 1992: 92, . 10; VIdalI 1997: 107-108;spIneto 2005: 93; mackay 2010: 234 (ttl).

89 frIckenhaus 1912: 61-62; kernyI 1976: 167-173; Burkert 1983: 201; gasparrI 1986: 502; ro-Bertson 1993: 218; humphreys 2004: 230; frItzIlas2006: 17. parker 2005: 303, dcdd, bt 56, gtl bv tt (t)he bovine on theBologna skyphos does not ft well our image o theAnthesteria.

90 M plg t l D: deuBner1932: 107; JeanmaIre 1951: 49-52; Boardman 1958:7. img t gd: nIlsson 1908: 335; frIcken-haus 1912: 63 (tt D elt).Vanstraten 1995: 19, dcdd. smll da-VIes 1978: 74. romano 1980: 70 d Broder 2008,124, g tt t ptg d t w tmg t gd.

91

mackay 2010: 234. kernyI 1976: 113-115,blv tt v t kp w t mt-lgcl t vl D attc.

92 a t b ttl bvd b Bor-gers 2004: 92. s l parker 2005: 302.

93 connor 1989 ld t dt tw tdx, jctg t tdtl dt 534/533 t ttt t Ct D.nt wv gasparrI 1986: 502, w gtt t tdct t p-ct pc- w t lt t -gzt t

tvl t t ll t Pttd 510 BC.94 roBertson 1993: 218.95 gttlIcher 1992: 104.96 WeBster 1975: 91; gaugh 1979: 48.97 gaugh 1979: 149, . 17 d moore 1987: 15598 descoeudres 2000: 334, g t

ggt, tt t cp w pcll cmm-d b etc clt. gasparrI 1986: 502,blv tt t m w d t cp w dc mystes.

99 o exk bt t vd t mmt

gt t t mt, shapIro 1989: 89.

100 o t mptt dtl, small 1987: 128.101 crusIus 1889: 212-217, w mg t

t t ggt tt t Homeric Hymn to Dio-nysus ct tlgcl mt cctl. h ptd t Dionysia B (cct bd t bt t ctvt T pt tt ), d mgd llgd vct D v -lk -gd. ic mtd apollodorus, Biblioteca3.5.3, cgzd t at dm ic- ic, w D t ldd w vd attc (crusIus 1889: 220), dctd wt ppvl b James 1975: 20. hedreen1992: 93, . 19, vd t t m ccl.myres 1907: 215, v C d, dg t t tk tt t pg tm cgd lt cl t qt tPlg w dd B wt t T-. maass 1921, 11-14, cctd t mtt t t at tvl, t Aiora, dtd t w tt t Cp Ml, mtd epdCyclops ctll t kwpmt md Mlt, t g P (Contra paretI 1926: 55; BrIquel 1984:274-275). T mt l b lkd t clt D d t ptt Dlp(VoIgt 1884: 1083), bt wt pp-tg vdc.

102

James 1975: 17; faulkner 2011: 14; JaIllard2011: 145.103 James 1975: 17.104 T mptcll ttd b JaIllard

2011: 145.105 BrIquel 1984: 276.106 Ml rgvll d j

t at mtd b straBo, V, 225 e.erIgone: Etym. Mag., .v. Altis. i t hmchm, D pmt: v. 3. Tlclt t lgd t T p-

t Cp Ml ppd b crusIus 1889:207-208 d w ccptd b paretI 1926: 52-55 d ctl b noBIlI 2009: 14-18. s tdc BrIquel 1984: 273-277 & gras 1985:639-641.

107 noBIlI 2009. a cdtd ctc wt t vt t dtmb(ltg t lt xtt t tmg bck t aclc). at t scld itl, pd ct p t bg mbck t Gc. T l td t pt,

bbd m d ppd t kll m. a


33/40

483D d t T Pt

g wt kt d t lpd t t, l t b vd b dlp w bgtm bck t cp T. T -vl tkg plll wt t hmc hmt D, cldg pc, mcl, lpgt t , d dlp. T mt t -ptd hdt 1.23-4. F bblgpd c, csapo 2003: 74-76 & BeaulIeu2008: 86-93. o a dc g, Burkert 1983: 199-204.

108 s t cmmt James 1975: 20 dseaford 1984: 99.

109 VIan 2000: 685, . 11.110 BrIquel 1984: 275; gras 1985: 641.111 s ld usener 1899: 124.112 T Mt cp, ctd bv, . 43. s

rohde 1955: cl. 102-111, lk btw tcp d t bt t lgd t ag, crIstofanI 1983: 58; hararI 1988: 40; kossatzd kossatz-deIssmann 1992: 469-470; de spagnolIs2004: 53-54.

113 i.. usener 1899: 124; JeanmaIre 1951 : 227(ltg g tt t pt t hm-c hm w at); James 1975; herter1980; crIstofanI 1983: 58 & 1984 : 3-4; gIuffrIdaIentIle 1983: 44-45; BrIquel 1984; seaford 1984:99; gras 1985: 585; hararI 1988: 41-43; VIan 2000;hedreen 1992; despagnolIs 2004.

114

hedreen 1992: 68-70, bd t b-vt sImon 1968: 280-281.115 chuVIn 2000: 75.116 VIan 2000: 691, g tt n -

cllctd t mt m l c Sikelika.

117 chuVIn 1990: 77. o t t tm n, l VIan 2000: 685, . 9.

118 crIstofanI & proIettI 1982: 72-73; crIstofanI1983: 60, 105 & 108; crIstofanI 1984: 4. C. lhararI 1988: 42. Contra, JolIVet 1985: 65,

ll t t dtct t pt b atm 338 BC.119 o t T t ag, pa-

retI 1926: 48-56; Brard 1949: 224-243; crIstofanI1983: 58-59; gIuffrIda IentIle 1983: 11-32; BrIquel1984: 273 .; gras 1985: 583-651; noBIlI 2009:7-14.

120 gIuffrIda 1978: 176 & gIuffIrdaIentIle 1983: 16.121 BakhuIzen 1988: 28 dpassim.122 gIuffrIdaIentIle 1983: 16; seaford 1984: 97.123 hellanIcus, EGM . 4, dIon. hal., Ant

Rom. 1.28.3; soph., TGrF F 270. thuc. 4.109; hdt.

1.57. hllc pbbl t t t mk tqt btw T d Plg(foWler 2003: 3), ltg BrIquel 1984: 18, 20,22. 100, 52., 58, 110., 132-40, 141, 221 d 291-293, tk tt t tdt m v bld, gg bck t hct Mlt tlt 6t ct.

124 s BrIquel 1984: 3-34.125 myres 1907: 215 d 218.126 hdt. 1.57. s in extensoBrIquel 1984: 101-

140 (w Kt cctd Ct, lCt et) & foWler 2003: 11-15. Pl-g d T gdd dtctl b conon, FGrHist26 F1 (Narrat. 41).

127 dIon. hal.,Ant Rom. 1.28.128 Beloch 1912 : 51; paretI 1926: 48; pallottIno

1947: 39; noBIlI 2009: 8.129 antIclIdes straBo 5, 2, 4. s Brard

1949: 226: Mais cette version prsente tousles caractres dune invention drudit, qui utchauaude pour expliquer lidentit de nom desTyrrhniens de Lemnos et dEtrurie. nt landronFGrHist10 F 16-b, w mt Lkt Ct ttlmt those Pelasgians whodid not migrate to Tyrrhenia.

130 myrsIlus, FGrHist 477 F 8-9, dIon. hal.,Ant Rom 1, 23 d 28.

131 o dpl at, ntl ac-

lgcl Mm. T cpt: iG Xii 8, . 1.s de sImone 2000, wt l c. Ft dcmt t m lgg, -c foWler 2003: 4, . 7 d noBIlI 2009:9, . 21.

132 hdt 6, 137-140. gIuffrIdaIentIle 1983: 23.133 crIstofanI 1983: 59; gIuffrIda IentIle 1983:

38, hararI 1988: 43 d despagnolIs 2004: 55-56.134 phIlochorus, FGrHist 328 F. 100-101; plut.,

Aetia graeca 21 & Mul. virt. 8; zenoBIus, Prov. iii, 85.135 s t dtld dmtt sourVI-

nou-InWood 2005. a dft tdt, ptdb al atd, t Plg xpl-ld m at d kdppg t atwm B td t t ld Lm, w w bqtl xplld bt t btt t ld. T, cc-dg t t lt Gk cl, mgt pvtc t gl v tdtg t c-cpt Lm b Mltd.

136 i.. phIlochorus, FGrHist 328 F 100-101;apollodorus 4, 1760; dIod. sIc. 10, 19.6; conon,

FGrHist26 F 1, 36; plut., Mor. 247 & 296.


34/40

484 Dmt Pltd

137 menodotusof samos, athen. 15, 672b-3.at t mt t kdppg at t b t T cp Kl attc: Schol. Aristoph. Clouds 52; eustathIus,Geogr. Gr. Min. II, 331, 4; Suda, .v.K; Etym.Magnum, .v. .

138 T Lm g t pt l-d lldd t crusIus 1889: 225 . s lcrIstofanI 1983: 59-60 & 1984: 3-4; torellI 1975;gIuffrIdaIentIle 1983: 44-47; desImone 2000: 503.

139 F mm ptt tc, BakhuIzen 1988.

140 ephorus,FGrHist70 F 137, straBo 6.2.2.141 BrIggs 2003: 250-251. o pc hm

d t cc pd, ferone 1997 & desouza 1999: 13 .

142 s ctl ferone 1997 & 2004; Dsouza 1999: 38-53. sassatellI 2004, g ttsp w mptt b t Tpt. T vdc ct cptmtg at cll xpdt pcd lct t adtc. sg-ctl, t d t t Mltd, mm-b t ml t cq Lm(IG II 1629: 325/324 BC). sm l, 339/338, Tml td t T p-t Ptm scl (dIod. sIc. 16, 82.3). Twlt pc b hpd (LVi, . 166-167)

d Dc (Minor Attic Orators, . 6) pc-tvl, mt t ttl t T. TLkt Mmt 335/334 BC, m-tm gdd t ctxt tgmbtw at d T pt:gIuffrIdaIentIle 1983: 34, romIzzI 2002: 355-356 &despagnolIs 2004: 72.

143 Bresson 2007. T dt t lt t t l td ct BC. T vdc c-t tw cpt m rd. Bk cmt lt c: aelIus

arIstIdes 24.53 mt tt t pw tT p w tll vbl tm.dIodorus 20.81.3, tt rd bcm pwl tt t dtk w gt tpt. polyBIus 30.5.5-8, mt rd cl-lbt wt rm gt pc. a td -cpt lvc, mt l 5000dcm t b t tmpl apll t tct Dl, d t c t dc t ld gt t T pt (IG Xi.2,148, l. 73: 299 BC). T d ppd b torel-

lI 1975, tt t T pt qt

t mt t ag T Lm, ld t c c d tmt tm t ll t t cqt Lm- b Mltd (gIuffrIdaIentIle 1983: 99-100).

144 Beloch 1913: 50-51. s l paretI 1926:48, pallottIno 1947: 39 & Brard 1949: 231, . 2.

145 i ovd, Lcb, t pt, etc xl (3, 621-628). F hg(Fabulae 134), t T w lt clldTc: i sv cmmt ( VIrgIl,Aen. i,67), t T pt gv t m tt T .

146 gras 1976: 368 & 1985: 648-649. s lhaynes 2000: 258; camporeale 2001: 96; BrIggs2003: 250-251.

147 BakhuIzen 1988.148 phIlochorus (FGrHist 328 F 100) dv

t tc T m t wd ,bc t cl bv t T-. T m l tmlg d tsd, .v. : :

d steph. Byz., .v. .Bt t l Gk m t , bt. s pallottIno 1947: 38 .

149 T m pg gtdmc dc attl td, btt llgd opc c t att-

l t t l. Mt cl ccpttt t pg blg t t lt dlgEudemus. attl t mtp tT tt t t dlt bd d l. agt, ctvgt t bp Jl (Contra Iulianum Pe-lagianum iV, 15, 78), mt pg mt w lt dlg Hortensius b Cc. Tm mtp, wtt c t attl, l d Jmblc Protrepticus 8. sBrunsWIck 1963; ppIn 1985; BeatrIce 2003 & Bos

2003. T T bd w pvbl:hesychIus, .v. . Suda, .v. . a plc a M d t vb p () t :Suda, .v. T . T wd t ll mdd t T.

150 F VIrgIl, Aen. Viii 478-488, t t t tt Mzt, t lgd kg agll. ValerIus maXImus, Fact. et dict. Memorab.iX, 2, 10, pk t etc gl. cle-mentof aleXandrIa, Protr. i, 7, 4, mt t t-

t, bt wtt mtg t T.


35/40

485D d t T Pt

151 BrunsWIck1963: 173-180, llwd b ppIn1985: 389-390.

152 h kw t v cmpd wkttld . T mg g-mt mt t etc twc: BatrIce2003: 281.

153 E.g., hararI 1988: 43; de spagnolIs 2004.T l mpld crIstofanI 1983: 56-60.

154 G, t dc t pp hararI 1986: 44. Tttvl, rassmussen & spIVey1986: 7.

155 T l t cgzbl dctv t b ctd cc et t bt t gd, ct wt o-p d ad, t rt hptd t Ggtmc. F vvw, paleothodoros 2004-2007: 188.

156 forBes IrVIng 1990: 317, mg t vw cl w d t ct.

157 T dlp, t m-lvg d tll-gt mmml jd tmdt ttbtw m d bt: BeaulIeu 2008: 132-143.

158 Plm/Mlkt (pache 2004: 135-180); K P (archIlochus, . 192 Wt),el, T d Plt Tt (c d t mmt zeuner 1963d amBrosInI 1999-2000: 259, g. 16), icd,

T vtg Pd, a (bv, . 108)d hd dd cp. s gl steBBIns1923: 62-81 & BeaulIeu 2008: 79-85. F gdd pdtd dc dlp-d v-l t, amBrosInI 1999-2000: 261-271. occ mmt, l VIdalI 1997: 147-148. T wdpd bl tt t dlpc m dg t cdbl, tjdg m md pt: green 1978:77. plIny, NH9, 24-27, mt dmtctddlp dd b cl-b hpp (Bz-

t). o md dlp-d, hIgham 1960.159 T ct topos Gk ltt-, d b tll xpld t pt,mt tbl b maass 1888; slater 1976 & daVIes1978. Dlp pp t m kt dbwl l t lt 7t ct BC (Isler

1977). o v ttg ttc blck-gdcp t sgmt Cl, d t utc, twdlp wm d tw tpt mp(maffre 2007: 111, g. 4).

160 F c csapo 2003: 78, . 20.ntjt dlp, bt l tgt dcg ccl: laWler 1941: 153-154.

161 a ctl m t aplg Wll w pddd dc wmmg twd lgdlp: Ct C 62 449: daVIes 1978, 78d g. 8; csapo 2003: 85-86, g. 4.9. s lt v ctd . 40-43.

162 BeaulIeu 2008: 135-137.163 descoeudres 2000: 325-329. T mt -

td mmt t Tmb t L Tq (d t 6t ct). T lt m ctd b Dcd (329, . 20-24) v tm, ll Bl (F 15, F 18, F 25,F 31 d F 32). Dcd d Dccct ll bt (Bl F. 18: ed Kpl). hwv, pd v Etruskische Spiegel d t Corpora mkcl, t m m ptt d-cmt, wt bjct tt d t bt dc vt (Gg, Pld Tt, Mv d akt, hkld L, t dmt T, tc.). Fdlp etc v, bv, . 29.

Dlp l pp hlltc : despagnolIs 2004: 68, . 7, c.164 dagostIno 1999, f mm -

l dbt t tptt tw kdcmt, T Tmb t Dv Ptmd t Tmb htg d Fg Tq-. F t mtp dt, ldarakI 1982.

165 amBrosInI 1999-2000: 267; romIzzI 2002: 68;despagnolIs 2004: 67-68 & 73; BeaulIeu 2008: 132-138. descoeudres 2000: 334, g t g-

gt tt t gl ctlgcl mg t lgd t cc t Dc u-dwld tl bl v t tmt dpt t dlp, w mdtd b tt, lk t pt t hmc hmt D.


36/40

50 - uhlenBrock, J. p. - T Tctt Ptm m Gl: a Dc Lcl stl acc scl,1989.

51 - caVagnaro VanonI l., - V tc g . Dgl cv dll Fdzserra rIdgWay, f. r. Lc ll cpl d Mtzz Tq, 1989.

52 - rallo, a. ( c d) - L d et, 1989.53 - calcanI, g. - Cvl d bz. L tm d ald p d Lpp, 1989.54 - morandI, a. - epg d Bl tc, 1990.55 - FaVaretto, I. - at tc clt tq ll cllz vt l tmp dll s-

m, 1990. 56 - BonghI JoVIno, m. (a cura di) - atg bttg llitl pm. std ll cpltc d t-

c-lzl-cmp, 1990.57 - strazzulla, m. J. - il pcpt d apll. Mt ppgd ll lt Cmp dl tmp d

apll Plt, 1990.58 - BuranellI, f. - Gl cv Vlc dll ct Vcz Cmp - Gv Ptc (1835-

1837), 1991.59 - Jongste p, F. B. - T Twlv Lb hcl rm scpg, 1992.60 - medrI, m. - T gllt td tlc dct, 1992.

61 - equInI schneIder, e. - sptm Zb sbt, 1993.62 - mIlanese, m. - Gv m. Mct ctt dll td t pbblc Dclz dgl

cv dl cll d Ctll (Gv-s. slvt 2), 1993.63 - deIchmann, f. W. - aclg Ct, 1993.64 - cIaghI, s. - L tctt gt d Cl dl M nzl d npl. sc tl cm-

mttz, 1993.65 - renzI, g. c. ( c d) - Mmt clt llapp t m. att dl Cvg. st,

12 v. 1989, 1993.66 - marconI cosentIno, r., - Ctcmb d Cmdll. Lc lt mtl dll gll 1, 8, 13, 1993.

rIccIardI, L.67 - szaB, M. - acc tctt d Bt, 1993.68 - CalcagnI, G. - Ltct mgl. Ctt dllt pvcl m l rcmt,

1993.

69 - ManzellI, V. - L plcm ll tt gc cc, 1994.70 - scarf, B. M. - std d clg dll x rg cd d Mcl Tmbl, 1994.71 - Varone, a. - etc pmp. icz dm m d Pmp, 1994.72 - Pollak, L. - rmc Mm, Ktl, Ktlbb d

(M. M. Gld d.) Glt (1893-1943), 1994.73 - CharalampIdIs, C. P. - T Ddt p-Ct d Ct htclLt Tdt d ic-

gp, 1994.74 - VIacaVa, a. - Ltlt d F, 1994.75 - ModonesI, D. - M Mf. icz lv c lt, 1995.76 - Dolce, r., nota santI, M. - D Plzz , 1995.

(a cura di)77 - BarBanera, M. - il g d aggt. u pbbl clt tl dl M d ag-

gt lc qt d clg clt, 1995.

78 - Puppo, P. - L cpp mg itl, 1995.79 - amBrogI, a. - Vc d t m mm bc clt, 1995.80 - Carafa, P. - oc cmc d t g. Pdz d cmc mpt rm dll

dllVIII ll dl VI cl .C., 1995.81 - PaVese, C. o. - Lag d Mz, 1996.82 - CaVagnaroVanonI, L. - Tmb tq d t lltc. Ctlg d vt tmb cm cp-

t dll Fdz Lc lclt Clv, 1996.83 - rossettI Tella, C. - L t gllt td-tlc dct dl M nzl rm, 1996.84 - BellellI, G. M., BIanchI, u. - Orientalia Sacra Urbis Romae. Dolichena et Heliopolitana.

(a cura di) - rcl dtd clgq t tc-lg l clt cmp-lt dg cmmg t , 1997.

85 - CamBItoglou, a., hararI, M. - T itlt rd-Fgd V t M Cmll L t Vcll, 1997.86 - BettellI, M. - rm. L ctt pm dll ctt: tmp d ct. L clg dll pl-

t d mz d rm dl Lz ll pm t dl , 1997.

s T u D i a a r C h a e o L o G i C a 186


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87 - Gmez Pallars, J. - edc cmt d l cpc b mc d Hispania. icpc- ct, 1997.

88 - De Cesare, M. - L tt mmg. std ll gz d tt ll ptt vclgc, 1997.

89 - spanu, M. - Keramos d C. st mmt, 1997.90 - reBecchI, F. ( c d) - sp l dlt pd. r l ctlg ll mt . att dl

cvg (F 1994), 1998.91 - Bonanno, C. - i cg ttl dll scl, 1998.92 - sannIBale, M. - L m dll cllz Gg l M nzl rm, 1998.93 - De FranceschInI, M. - L Vll rm dll X rg (Vt t ht). Ctlg ct clgc

dl tt dllt pbblc l td mp, 1998.94 - ChrzanoVskI, L., - Lmp m C t stt htcl M-

ZhuraVleV, D. m-Mcw, 1998.95 - GIaVarInI, C. (a cura di) - il Plt. a c d-vt Dm Tb, 1998.96 - Drago TroccolI, L. (a cura di) - scv cc clgc dlluvt d rm L spz, 1998.97 - ZaccagnIno, C. - il thymiaterion l md gc. al dll t, tplg, mpg, 1998.98 - BarIch, B. e. - Ppl, wt d g: T bgg dmtct t s d t

nl vll, 1998.99 - ChIesa, F. - Dm lt g ldc. Lt ctttc ttl d Cp tc, 1998.

100 - PensaBene, P., Panella, C. (a cura di) - ac d Ctt. T clg cmt,1999.101 - PensaBene, P. - L Tctt dl M nzl rm. Gcclt ptm d m. ap-

pdc: ggmt l ctlg dll at, 1999.102 - GenoVese, G. - i t pt ll Clb gc, 1999.103 - MorandI, a. - il cpp d Ctlc llpg tc, 1999.104 - MessIneo, G. - L tmb d n, 2000.105 - agostInIanI, L., nIcosIa F. - Tbl Ct, 2000.106 - de spagnolIs, M. - L Tmb dl Clzl. Dll cpl mmtl m d nc sp-

, 2000.107 - accardo, s. - Vll m llg Btt. il pgg l clb dt l d-

m m, 2000.

108 - ZampIerI, G. - Cld Tm. Gcl mm. il mmt , 2000.109 -taylor, r. - Pblc nd d Pvt Pl. Wt Dtbt, t Tb rv d t

ub Dvlpmt act rm, 2000.110 - monaco, M. C. - Ergasteria. impt tgl cmc d at d attc dl ptgmt-

c ll gl dllellm, 2000.111 - despagnolIs, M. - Pmp l Vll dl s pc pm: l clt dll tmb , 2001.112 - pensaBene, p. - L tctt dl M nzl rm. ii. Mtl d dpt vtv d

Plt: cllz Kc Plt, 2001.113 - amBrosInI, l. - i tmt tc bz d t td clc, lt md lltc,

2002.114 - ognIBene, s. - umm al-r: l c d st st d l pblm cbc, 2002.115 - la greca, f. ( c d) - Ft ltt gc lt p l t dll Lc tc, 2001.116 - Varone, a. - etc Pmp.Lv icpt t Wll Pmp, 2002.

117 - gIudIce rIzzo, I. - iqt cmmc t m d. Timpanisti, Fineo A e B d scl. Ttm-z ltt d cgc, t d cc ppt, 2002.118 - sderlInd, m. - Lt etc Vtv hd m T. Pdct, Dtbt, sc-

tcl Ctxt, 2002.119 - de spagnolIs, M. - L vll n. Ppd nc M sct, bb tl d Pmp, 2002.120 - pIeraccInI, l. c. - ad t ht. Ct Cld-stmpd Bz, 2003.121 - stIBBe, c. m. - Tbt. T Ft ul excvt, 2003.122 - attanasIo, d. - act Wt Mbl. al d idtct b Pmgtc rc

spctcp, 2003.123 - zampIerI, g. - L Tmb d Lc evglt. L c d pmb l dll

Blc d t Gt Pdv, 2003.124 - agatI, m. l. - il lb mctt. itdz ll cdclg, 2003.125 - BarresI, p. - Pvc dlla M. Ct d mm, cttt pbblc cmmt-

tz, 2003.


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126 - cortI, c. - Lager d-ccdtl dll ctt d Mutina. il pplmt l cpg ll md p dll mzzz l tdtc-ltmdv, 2004.

127 - mInettI, a. - otlzzt C l tt, 2004.128 - de spagnolIs, m. - il mt mc d D d pt t dcmt d Nuceria Alater-

na, 2004.129 - nIcotra , l. - aclg l mml. il cmm dll d ll dcpl clgc

ttv l g d tt clg clc vt dll mt dllott-ct d gg, 2004.

130 - conVentI, m. - sttt d btc dll ctt m. Qt c ct, 2004.131 - dI matteo, f. - L vll d n sbc. il cmpl d Simbruina Stagna, 2004.132 - medas, s. - De rebus nauticis lt dll vgz l md tc, 2004.133 - corso, a. - T at Pxtl. T Dvlpmt Pxtl wkp d t cltl

tdt tl t clpt cm (364-1 BC), 2004.134 - cIarallo, a. - Fl Pmp, 2004.135 - morandI taraBella, m. - Ppgp tc i. Cp, 1, et mdl, 2005.136 - amBrogI, a. - Labra d t m mm bc clt, 2005.137 - gIaVarInI, c. - L Blc d Mz. il mmt, mtl, l ttt l tblt, 2005.138 - car, a. - Lot ctttc dll Blc d Mz, 2005.139 - scIacca, f. - Pt bccllt bz. ot, Gc, itl t tlzzt, 2005.140 - gIaVarInI, c. - T Blc Mxt. Mmt, Mtl, Ctct d stbllt, 2005.141 - zampIerI, c. - i plc pdv d st Gt. il cg 75-1879 dl Vct d al-

bt Mm d Ld lt cg dll Blc d st Gt Pd-v, 2006.

142 - BellellI, V. - L tmb pcpc d Qttdc Pt l ctt d Cp cc, 2006.143 - pesando, f. - Gl z d ecl. rdz d l Pmp d ec- guIdoBaldI, m. p. l, 2006.144 - cuomodI caprIo, n. - Cmc clg 2. atc tcc d lvz md mtd d

dg. nv dz mplt, 2007.145 - attanasIo d., BrIllI m., ogle, n. - T itpc sgt Clcl Mbl, 2006.146 - Bonfante, l., foWlkes, B. (eds.) - Clcl atqt t nw yk uvt, 2006.

147 - pandolfInI angelettI, m. - aclg et mdl. att dll Gt d td cd d M-(a cura di) Mtt, Cvt Ctll, 14-15 vmb 2003, 2006.

148 - equIzzI, r. - Plm s Mt dll scl, l cllz clgc. st dll cll-z ctlg dll cmc, 2006.

149 - petraccIa, m. f.(a cura di) - Cmll rmll l clt tq dllottct, (stm ii) 2006.150 - caVallInI, m., gIgante, g. e. - D r Mtllc, dll pdz tc ll cp (a cura di) md, 2006.151 - de carolIs, e. - il mbl Pmp d ecl. Ltt, tvl, d md. Ctbt ll tp-

lg d mbl dll pm t mpl, 2007.152 - gIudIce, G. - il t, l v, l t lt. Cmg ttc Mg Gc ll c-

d mt dl V c. .C. rtt v d dtbz, 2007.153 - corso, a. - T at Pxtl ii. T Mt y, 2007.154 - caprIolI, F. - Vesta Aeterna. LAedes Vestae l dcz ctttc, 2007.

155 - thorn, D. M. - T F s C, 2007.156 - de mIranda, a. - Wt actct t Ld s. T Wt-Wl, 2007.157 - melfI, M. - i t d aclp Gc. i, 2007.158 - marchesInI, s. - Ppgp tc. ii, std, 1, Gtm Mblt, 2007.159 - lunI, M. ( c d) - Domus d Forum Sempronii. Dcz d, 2007.160 - montanaro andrea, C. - rv d Pgl l tt. L cpl. i cd t l dcm-

tz dl XiX cl gl cv md, 2007.161 - thorn, D. M.,thorn, J. c. f.s.a - a Gztt t C ncpl, 2008.162 - medrI, M. (a cura di) - stm. rcc c i, 2008.163 - medrI, M. (a cura di) - stm 295 .C. - st 2006. 2300 dp l

bttgl. u ctt m t t clg, 2008.164 - pIsanI, M. - Cm. L tctt gt l cmc d c d V iV cl

.C., 2008.

165 - todIsco, L. - Il Pittore di Arpi. Mt ct ll D dl td iV cl .C., 2008.



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166 - agatI, m. l. - il lb mctt. D t ccdt. P cdclg cmpt,2009.

167 - de puma, r. d. - at rm L: Vll t Gv, 2009.168 - pedruccI, g. - il clt d Cbl g l scl. st pt d cg dll d,

2009.169 - genoVese, g. - Nostoi. Tdz c mdll mtc l md ditl, 2009.170 - hararI, M., paltInerI, s., - ic dl md tc, 2009. roBIno, M. (a cura di)171 - BarIch, B. e. - atc ac. all g dll ct, 2009.172 - mannIno, F., mannIno, M., - Td Mmm l Lz tc. Gt d std mm dllllt maras, D.F. (a cura di) tc, pgt gt, 2009.173 - LIBeratI, a. M., slv, e. - svz gt rm tc. imz czz dgl initia Urbis

llimp vl, 2010.174 - BalIce m. - Lb. Gl cv tl: 1922-1937: t, ctz ppgd?, 2010.175 - pensaBene, p.(a cura di) - Pzz am. Vll dl Cl l scl t tdtc mdv, 2010.176 - de mIranda, a. - Lhmmm llilm occ. t Viii XiV c., 2010.177 - corso, a. - T at Pxtl iii. T advcd Mtt t sclpt, 2010.

178 - serra rIdgWay, f. r. - Pt tmpglt ct. u cl gl d cmc tc, 2010.Pcc, C. ( c d)

179 -tusa, s.(a cura di) - slt, 2010.180 - sposIto, a. - Tt lltc d Mgt, 2011.181 - pItzalIs, f. - L vlt m ppt, 2011.182 - ascalone, e. - Glttc elmt, 2011.183 - anguIssola, a., - Difcillima Imitatio. immg lc dll cp t Gc rm, 2012.184 - montanaro, a. c. - amb gt. amlt mt dll Pgl pm, 2012.185 - lamBrugo, c. - Pm d gll. Tmb c gt cz ll cpl cc d Gl.

2012.186 - BellellI, V. (a cura di) - L g dgl etc. st aclg atplg, 2012.



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Ft d tmp rm l m d ttb 2012 p ct d

L'erMa d BreTsChneiDer

Tpg s..l.

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