19 october 2015 e.q. – what is the 1 st civilization & what are the elements of a...
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19 October 201519 October 2015E.Q. – What is the 1E.Q. – What is the 1stst Civilization & What are the Elements of a Civilization & What are the Elements of a
civilizations?civilizations?
• Bellringer: Why is it good to settle along a river?
• Mesopotamia Geography Basics• Elements of a Civilization
• HW: Chapter 3 Map Questions
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MesopotamiaMesopotamia
The “land The “land between the between the
rivers” in Greekrivers” in Greek
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Mesopotamia Rivers
The Tigris and The Tigris and Euphrates Euphrates
RiversRivers
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Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent
A large arc of Fertile farmland extending
from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean
Sea.
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Mesopotamia Basics• Mesopotamia
• 2 Rivers
• Fertile Crescent
• Modern Country
• Farming
• Greek “Land between the rivers”
• Tigris & Euphrates
• Large arc of fertile farmland extending from Persian Gulf to Mediterranean Sea
• Iraq
• about 7,000 years ago – small villages
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Floods? A Good Thing?
• In Mesopotamia, Yes!
• Not much rain (see map)
• Heavy rains in Eastern Asia Minor – Where rivers originate– Caused floods
• First – floods were washing away crops, killing livestock & washing away homes!
• They had to lean how to control the floods
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Ways to help Ways to help farmingfarming……
IrrigationIrrigation- a way of supplying - a way of supplying water to an area of land.water to an area of land.
SiltSilt- a mixture of rich soil and - a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks. tiny rocks.
CanalsCanals- human-made - human-made waterwayswaterways
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Surplus!*Farming allowed Early Farming allowed Early
Mesopotamians to Mesopotamians to develop a surplus, or develop a surplus, or an an
excess - more than is excess - more than is neededneeded..
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Division of LaborDivision of Labor
Workers Workers specialize in a specialize in a specific task or specific task or
job. job.
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What Makes Up A Civilization?
Page 3
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What is a civilization?
• It is a network of cities that all share a common culture.
• 5 Requirements– Stable Food Supply– Division of Labor– System of Government– Social Hierarchy– Highly Developed Culture
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Stable Food Supply
• A steady supply of food or a surplus
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Division of Labor
• People do a variety of different jobs that help the civilizations function.
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System of Government
• Laws that protect the people in the civilization.
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Social Hierarchy
• Social classes or the social pyramid
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Highly Developed Culture
• Examples -- Art, architecture, religion, law, music, a system of writing.
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Parting Thoughts….
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=84y2q4giihY
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Is Mesopotamia a Civilization?
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Stable Food Supply
• Irrigation increased the amount of food farmers were able to grow
• Farmers could create a surplus of food
• Foods included: fish, meat, barley and dates
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Division of Labor
• Since there was a surplus of food, not everyone had to be a farmer
• Each worker could specialize in a particular job
• People could become– Crafters– Religious leaders– Government workers
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System of Government
• Organized into city-states (city & countryside around it)
• King is in control
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Social HierarchyKing
Priests
Skilled CraftspeopleMerchants & Traders
Farmers & Laborers(Working Class)
Slaves
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Highly Developed Culture
• Writing – Cuneiform• Works of literature – poems & stories• Invented the wheel and plow• Statues of gods• Gold jewelry• People sang, danced & played
musical instruments