19 · web viewseven villages targeted as campaign site are: kg singgamata, kg perpaduan, kg...

PROJECT PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED TUN MUSTAPHA MARINE PARK

Building Community Support for the Proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park

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THEORY OF CHANGE

K + A + IC + BR BC TR CR

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The Social Marketing Campaign in the proposed Tun Mustapha National Park (TMP) aims at improving community’s awareness on the importance of coral reefs and fisheries resources.

The social Marketing Campaign:

1. Improves awareness on dangers of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions2. Improves knowledge on fisheries resources management3. Improves knowledge on Management of Protected Area (MPA)

The Social Marketing Campaign

encourages discussion among fishermen on the importance of fish protection area.

1. Barrier Removal Partner introduces MPA to community 2. Barrier Removal Partner introduces other sources of income. .

1. Fishermen reduce the use of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum).

2. Pride partners carry out MPA.

Through MPA by community and

government agencies and

NGO

Coral Reefs in Tun Mustapha Marine Park (TMP) are

protected and fisheries

resources conserved.

A. Executive Summary page. 3B. Project Site page. 9

1.0 Site Summary page. 102.0 Project Team and Stake Holders page. 19

C. Conceptual Models (3.0) page. 22D. Threat Analysis (4.0) page. 27E. Formative Research page. 31

5.0 Guided Conversation page. 32

6.0 Management Choice page. 33357.0 Result chain and preliminary result page. 348.0 Baseline building page. 369.0 Survey result page. 3710.0 Understanding our audience page. 497

F. Revised Conceptual Model page. 49

11.0 Revised Conceptual Model page. 49

12.0 Barrier removal key partner page. 50G. Campaign Strategy page. 5114.0 BROP page. 52

15.0 Benefit Ladder page. 6216.0 Partner Intervention page. Error: Reference source not found15.0 SMART Targets page. 6316.0 Marketing Mix page. 6417.0 NTZ Campaign Messages page. 6618.0 Monitoring Plan page. 68

H. Theory of Change (19.0) page. 71I. Budget and Schedule (20.0) page. 73

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A. Executive SummaryExecutive Summary provides comprehensive picture of Pride Campaign from site background, conservation threats, targeted audience, and Pride activities aimed at each audience. The following pages are best used as reference after reading the overall project plan.

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NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) IN BRIEFCountry, State or Province MalaysiaSite Name Tun Mustapha Marine Park (TMP)RarePlanet URL www.rareplanet.org/ Taman Tun MustaphaBatch Information (Batch Name, number and main manager)

Knot: University of Kent at CanterburyName: Fall 07 (Island invasive)Number : SERNA K0702Manager: Rosemary Godfrey

Project Duration September 07 (university phase) - July 09 (project finishing)Leading Organization WWF-MalaysiaContact of leading organization (for example Executive Director)

Dato Dr. Dionsius Sharma

Name of Campaign Manager Suzianah Binti Ramlee – WWF-Malaysia “BINGO” Partner(and contact details)

N/A

Other partners(and contact detaiks)

Barrier removal - Rodent Eradication International (Presiden, Jake Stenly, telephone: 011 + 64 9345 6791)Pigeon monitoringi – Andrea Naturalists’ Society (Executive Director, Duncan Major, telephone: 779332)

Main threat adressed The use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) in Tun Mustapha Marine Park (TMP)

Key biodiversity target Coral Reef and FishCampaign Slogan No Fishing in No Take ZoneKey targeted audience (and population)

Fishermen

Hectares of threatened area Tun Mustapha Marine Park comprises of 1.02 million hectares area covering 4 coastal areas of Kudat, Pulau Banggi, Kota Marudu and Pitas. Population is 80,000.

Campaign Theory of Change (Maximum 175 words)

To reduce destructive fishing practices in Tun Mustapha Park, one of the richest spots for marine life on earth, alternative fishing techniques will be introduced and supported by the creation of a co-managed marine protected area. Local fishermen from 3 districts in the area will be informed about the significance of the park as one of the biggest marine parks in the region and simple and practical steps for them to maintain the park for sustainable use and livelihood of current and future generations. Alternative fishing techniques will give higher and more sustainable fish yields, while co-managed marine area will give local fishermen greater control over marine resources and restrict outside fishermen from practicing destructive fishing methods in the area. They will be familiarized to the concept of marine ecosystem and marine protected area, introduced to sustainable fishing techniques, receive training and technical assistance for the techniques and facilitation to create co-managed marine area. For the first two year there will be at least 50% adoption of the technique by the fishermen in3 target districts. The Pride Campaign will be seen successful if local fishermen stop destructive fishing practices and a zoning of the marine protected areas is established by 2012.

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A. Executive Summary

http://www.rareplanet.org/Taman

Marine Protected Area model has been introduced in some previous Pride Campaign sites and can be replicated in this site

SITE INFORMATIONSite Description (max. 275 words)

Tun Mustapha Marine Park is located in the northern part of Sabah state, covering coastal areas of Kudat, daerah Kota Marudu, Pitas area and Banggi Island, and comprises of 50 neighboring islands. In 2003, Kerajaan Negeri Sabah (Sabah State Government) approved a proposal to gazette an area of 1.1 million hectars (2.72 million acre) of land and sea area. Following its official gazettement, Tun Mustapha Marine Park will be the largest protected marine park in Malaysia. The marine park is well known among scientists as a key protected area that contains high biodiversity values and is located between Southern China Sea and Sulu Sea, where various sea animals, like Sea Tortoise and Whale, regularly pass through. Endangered specieas, including Dugong and dolphins, are also found in the area. In addition, the marine park protects other marine ecosystems, brackish mangrove forest (hutan paya bakau), algae area (kawasan rumput laut) and coral reefs. Such ecosystems are crucial in providing fisheries resources key to inhabitants of the coastal areas and the largest shrimp catchment area in Sabah state.

Up to 80,000 of coastal area residents and fishermen of various ethnics, including bajau, ubian, suluk, kagayan, and others, depend their lives entirely on fisheries resources. Therefore, it is the community’s responsibility to protect and conserve the unique marine nature from any threat, so Tun Mustapha Marine Park can produce sustainable marine resources to future generations.

Ecosystem types (IUCN) Sandy and rocky beach, brackish swamp forest, coral reefs, and algaes.

Site map (topography) See page 15-21 of Project Plan (and attachments)GPS Coordinates (Google Earth)Biodiversity Hotspot Sundaland HotspotProtection status-other area At the moment, Sabah State Government is in the process of gazetting Tun Mustapha Marine Park. Status of the

marine park is currently ‘proposed’ (cadangan).Hactares of targeted campaign area Uncertain because of the area’s large size

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THREATENED SPECIESSpecies name (general) Mameng, Penyu, Dugong, Ikan Paus, KimaSpecies name (scientific) Rhincodon typus, Bolbometopon muricatum, Humphead Wrass

Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricate, Dugong dugon Orcaella brevirostris, giant claimFlag species decsription/spesies flagship(max 250 words)

Number of species in IUCN Red List Species Name:

whale Shark: (Rhincodon typus)

Humphead parrot-fish : (Bolbometopon muricatum).

Mameng: (Humphead Wrass)Green Turtle : Chelonia mydas Hawksbill Turtle : Eretmochelys imbricata Dugong : Dugong dugon

The Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris)

Number of endemic species

THREATS

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A. Executive Summary

Threats (IUCN)

Threats (further)

The followings are threats to the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park

Fish over-harvesting Habitat destruction

Pollution Mangrove Forest logging

Threat addressed through campaign activities

The use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum)

HUMAN POPULATIONHuman population at the site Seven villages targeted as campaign site are: Kg Singgamata, Kg Perpaduan, Kg Karakit, Maliangin Island and

Kg Sibogo in Pulau Banggi area, Kg Berungus in Pitas area, and Kg Tg Kapor in Kudat area. The followings are numbers of population in the site:

- Kg Singgamata- Kg Perpaduan- Kg Karakit- Maliangin Island- Kg Sibogo- Kg Bderungus- Kg Tg Kapor

Human Population Summary (300 words)

Up to 80,000 of coastal area residents and fishermen of various ethnics, including bajau, ubian, suluk, kagayan, and others, depend their lives entirely on fisheries resources. Therefore, it is the community’s responsibility to protect and conserve the unique marine nature from any threat, so Tun Mustapha Marine Park can produce sustainable marine resources to future generations.

Key targeted group FishermenLocal area income per capita

CONSERVATION BENEFITSConservation benefits in 2009(preliminary success)

.

Sustainable conservation to be tested in the field in 2010(final success)

Reduction of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park Improved knowledge on the importance of the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park Increased awareness on the importance of the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park

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PLAN SUSTAINABILITYStrategic PlanStaff training Campaign Manager, Suzianah Binti Ramlee, will participate in Rare training at Bogor Agriculture University (Institut

Pertanian Bogor) and apply the training materials for the anti bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) campaign purposes in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. The training will be monitored by Course Manager through site visit.

Resources sustainability

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B. Project Site

Before launching Pride Campain, it is important to fully understand why the site became focus of the campaign, threats and causes known, policy and regulations thay may affect the site, and other conservation initiatives in the site. To fully understand those things, a site review will be carried out and background text, that concludes primary and secondary information collected and how the information was collected, will be prepared. Result from the works to prepare the chapter will also help identify key stakeholders and key biodiversity targets.

The following sections are included in the project site:1.0 Site Summary1.1 Important information, resources and contacts for this document making 1.2 Background of the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park1.3 Biodiversity1.4 Land Ownership1.5 Demography2.0 Project Team and Stakeholders

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1 .0 SITE SUMMARY

1.1 Important information, resources and contacts used in this document making

The written resources listed below have been used to collect preliminary data and background:AVAILABLE WRITTEN RESOURCES Verification?

Map of TMP area

Map of sea resources use

Survey Data Result 2006-2007

No-Take-Zone Data

Map of Maliangin Sanctuary (Santuari Maliangin)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

The following group has provided key inputs to the site summary through direct eye to eye discussions or telephone conversations:KEY STAKEHOLDER GROUPS1 WORK IN TMP AREA? BEEN INTERVIEWED?

(Y,N)State Government

State Officials Department of Fisheries Department of Police

Resource Users Fishermen Head of villages (Ketua Kg and JKKK)

Others Radio Televisyen Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu. Banggi Youth Club Youth group (Belia Pengaraban) School Religious leaders

YYYY

YY

NoY

YYY

YYYY

YY

YYYYY

1

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1.2 The Proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park Background

Tun Mustapha Marine Park is located in the northern part of Sabah State. It covers coastal areas of Kudat, Kota Marudu area, Pitas area, and Banggi Island area, and comprises of 50 neighboring islands. In 2003, Sabah State Government has approved a proposal to gazette the area of 1.1 million hectares (2.72 million acres) covering land and sea areas. As soon as there is an official announcement, Tun Mustapha Marine Park will be the largest marine park in Malaysia. The Marine Park is well known among scientists as an area with key importance that contains high biodiversity. It is located between South China Sea and Sulu Sea, where various marine animal species, such as Sea Tortoise and Whale, regularly pass through. Threatened species, like Dugong and Dolphins, are also found in the water area. In addition, the Marine Park protects marine ecosystems, including brackish mangrove forest, algaes area and coral reefs. Such ecosystems are crucial in providing fisheries resources key to inhabitants of the coastal areas and the largest shrimp catchment area in Sabah state.

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Proposed Gazettement –State Cabinet Mac, 2003, KK

Source : Sabah Parks

Proposed Tun Mustapha Park - Background

Up to 80,000 of coastal area residents and fishermen of various ethnics, including bajau, ubian, suluk, kagayan, and others, depend their lives entirely on fisheries resources. Therefore, the community has responsibility to protect and conserve the unique marine nature from threats, so Tun Mustapha Marine Park can produce sustainable marine resources to future generations.

Tun Mustapha Marine Park, however, faces threat of over-fishing with destructive practices to coral reefs and other habitats. WWF-Malaysia and state government agencies are aware of the threat. The threat includes practices using trawler boat (kapal pukat tunda), purse seine-net (pukat jerut), sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) and bomb. WWF-Malaysia is currently implementing a No-Take-Zone (ZON LARANG TANGKAP IKAN/NTZ) area as a demonstration site for the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park in Maliangin Island area. 1.3 Biodiversity The Marine Park is well known among scientists as an area with key importance that contains high biodiversity. It is located between South China Sea and Sulu Sea, where various marine animal species, such as Sea Tortoise and Whale, regularly pass through. Threatened species, like Dugong and Dolphins, are also found in the water area.Based on assessment conducted by WWF-Malaysia and Sabah Parks, the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park contains various marine lives. The map below shows marine diversity in the area:

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Photo dari Google Earth

Community mapping of sighted selected

marine species

Sea Tortoise/penyu Laut Humphead wrasse/ikan Mameng (Cheilinus undulates) Grouper fish/ikan kerapu Dolphin/ikan Lumba-lumba Green Tortoise/Penyu Hijau (Chelonia mydas) Dugong (Dugong dugong) Whale/ikan Paus

Resources species / local names

Abundance season (month / year)

Price per kilogram?

1. Sunuh/ Leopard coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus)2. Mameng/ Humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulates)3. Kubing/ Humpbacked grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)4. Kut kut (Epinephelus sp.)5. Tabung/ Humpback red snapper (Lutjanus gibbus)6. Ikan batu (Argyrops spinifer)7. Katumbang/ Blubberlip snapper (Lutjanus rivulatus)8. Siput tipai 9. Kiung-kiung10. Lappas11. Lak12. Bat (balat)

1. southwest season month 7-10, 2 follow full moon phase 1-3 months. 3 none, 4 southwest season month 2-10, 5-9 none, 10, moon season 3-17 days, full moon is laying eggs season,11 none,12, bulan 27 bulan di atas masa beranak dan dia berdiri

1, RM 45. 1 kg, 2.3 RM 50, 4, RM 1.80, 5 RM 5, 6. RM 1. 7 RM 20. 8 RM 15-18, 9 RM 3. 10. RM 8. 11. RM 10. 12. RM 20 1 kg

1. Sunuh/ Leopard coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus)2. Ikan batu (Argyrops spinifer)3. Mameng/ Humphead wrasse4. Kubing/ Humpbacked grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)

1. west season month 7-12 1. RM 40-50 1 kg, mameng and kubing, RM 60-80 1 kg

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1. Sunuh/ Leopard coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus)2. Batu (Argyrops spinifer)3. Putih (Carangidae)4. balat 5. Lak-lak6. lappas7. Mameng/ Humphead wrasse8. Kubing/ Humpbacked grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)9.Kerapu (Serranidae)

1, west season month 5-7. 2, none. 3 west season month 8-11. 4 southwest season month 3-6. 5 noth season month 12/2. 6 season 17-18 full moon. 7 west season clear water month cannot remember. 8 none. 9 cannot remember

1. RM 45. 2. RM 4. 3. RM 8. 4. RM145 kering. 5 RM 11, 6. RM 20. 7. RM 60 same price with kubing. 9 RM 8.

1. Tenggiri (Scomberomorus sp)2. ikan putih matak3. tulai4. sunuh/ Leopard coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus)5. Rumahan6. kerapu A (Serranidae)7. kerapu B kut-kut (Serranidae)8. ikan batu (Argyrops spinifer)

1, north season month 2-4, 2 none, 3 north season month 1-2, 4 month 4-8 month 12 can only get them with sujum. 5, north season month 2-4, 6 no season, 7, north season month 12 1

1, RM, 6.50,2 RM 4, 3. RM 1,50. 4. RM 45. 5. 2-3 ringgit, 7. RM 8. aluve. death RM 2. 8.RM 2.

1. kerapu (Serranidae)2. Ketambak (Lethrinidae)3. dapak (ikan merah)4. guntur5. Lahusu (Lethrinus miniatus)6. sunuh/ Leopard coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus)7. kut-kut (Serranidae)8. ikan batu (Argyrops spinifer)9. Tenggiri (Scomberomorus sp)10.ikan putih (Carangidae) 11. tabung/ Humpback red snapper12. mea-mea

1-3 west season month 6-7.4-5 north season month 5-76-8 west season month 4-59-10 north season month 6-711-12 north season month 3-5

1 RM12/kg2 RM1.50/kg3 RM2/kg4-5 RM2.50/kg6 Alive RM40/kg7 Alive RM2/kg8 RM1.50/kg9 RM6.50/kg10 RM5.50/kg11 RM7/kg12 Alive RM9/kg

1.4 Land OwnershipLand ownership in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park is controlled by Land and Survey Department (Jabatan Tanah dan Ukur). In 2003, state government has approved Tun Mustapha Marine Park proposal. However, the marine park is currently still in gazettement status as there are many cases to consider and solve, including land ownership.

1.4 DemographyFrom 2006 to 2007, WWF-Malaysia and Sabah Parks carried out socio-economics assessment to community in the coastal areas of the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. The followings are demographic distribution in 54 villages surveyed. Most of the community in the areas belongs to Ubian ethnic group as they are marine resources users and coastal areas inhabitants. The surveyed age groups range between 31-54 years old.

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They generally lack of education background. Most of them do not go to school, while the remaining experiences elementary and high school. With their low education, most of them live as small scale fishermen with income less than RM500 per month.

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Age Distribution

2

18

60

18

2

38 41

21

1

14

57

25

31

20

55

22

21

19

56

22

20

10203040506070

12 - 18 19 - 30 31 - 54 >55 No Data

Age (Years)

Perc

enta

ge (%

)

R1 (n=168) R2 (n=34) R3 (n=131) R4 (n=176) Total (n=509)

Overall (n=509)

72%

21%

2%1%1%

2%1%

< RM 510 RM 510 - RM1,000 RM 1,001 – RM 1,500RM 1,501 – RM 2,000 RM2,001 - RM2,500 > RM 2,500No Data

Ethnic Group Distribution

43

2

14

0

15 14

0

10

0 0 0 2

62

3

32

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8

18

25

3 1 2

18

07

2

9

2

40

7

24

3 2 1 1 0

15

60 0

34

8

21

26 6 5 3

73 2 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Ubi

an

Sul

uk

Baj

au

Bru

nei

Kag

ayan

Bon

ggi

Sun

gai

Bal

abak

KD

M/

Run

gus

Bin

aden

Iranu

n

No

Dat

a

Perc

enta

ge (%

)

R1 (n=168) R2 (n=34) R3 (n=131) R4 (n=176) Total (n=509)

Education Background

57

30

12

1 1

41

24

3

31 30

37

2 1

51

16

1

47

31

21

1 10

10

20

30

40

50

60

No Education

Primary Secondary College/University

Others/Madrasah

No Data

Perc

enta

ge (%

)

R1 (n=168) R2 (n=34) R3 (n=131) R4 (n=176) Total (n=509)

Occupation of Respondents / Target Groups

68

17 3 3 1

142 2

88

3 60 3 0 0 0 0

70

7 100 1 1 5 1 5

64

148

0 3 18 2 1

69

7 81 2 1

81 2

0102030405060708090

100

Sm

all s

cale

Fi

sher

man

Wom

en/

Fish

ers

Hou

sew

ife

Loca

l Lea

ders

Com

mer

cial

Fish

erm

an

Sen

ior

Citi

zen

(>55

yrs

Old

)

Bom

oh/D

ukun

Farm

er

Oth

ers

/C

oast

al D

wel

lers

No

Dat

a

Freq

uenc

y

R1 (n=168) R2 (n=34) R3 (n=131) R4 (n=176) Total (n=509)

1.7 Conservation Values

The proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park is a crossing area for various animal species, including sea tortoise, whale, dugong and dolphin. The Park also protects diverse marine ecosystems, including brackish mangrove forest, algaes area and coral reefs.

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Comparing with existing Landuse

/ habitat Map

1.8 Threats to Serena Island Biodiversity

The above map shows issues and problems facing the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park.

Bomb UseMany fishermen are still using bomb for their fishing practices. The practices have destroyed coral reefs and reduced fisheries resources. Since bomb materials are easy to find and help fishermen raise their income, the use of bomb for fishing practices continues to be a threat in the area. Mangrove forest uncontrolled felling Uncontrolled felling of mangrove forest is an issue in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. The uncontrolled fellling is triggered by demand to build houses, cages and other development. The felling causes destruction to breeding habitats for fish and other lives. PollutionPollution in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park includes rubbish pollution and oil spilling from vessels passing through the coastal area. The threat destroys marine ecosystem and biodiversity in the area.Fishermen recklessness Reckelessness of fishermen, mostly from outside of the area, has depleted marine resources. They use bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) and their boats pass the line beyond areas where fishing is allowed in the proposed Taman Tun Mustapha Marine Park.

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Community Map : Issues & Problems

Commercial FishingCommercial fishing using large vessels has been a key issue in the area as it causes destruction and fisheries resources depletion in the the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park.

Purse Seine Net and Trawl NetThese are common issues occuring in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. Fishermen using purse seine net or trawl net are taking fish in areas less than 1 nautical mile from the mainland. Sometimes their boats are also pulling trawl nets in beaches near to villages. There are boats that do not use device to release tortoise (Turtle Excluder Device/TED) so the tortoises are trapped inside the trawl nets. Sodium Cyanide Solutions (Sujum)Sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) are dangerous substances for marine lives as they destroy coral reefs and other marine lives. Sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) are quite easy to find as they are relatively cheap. Besides, income from fishing practices with sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) as the case with fishing with bomb is better than fishing practices with net, fishing poles, etc.

1.9 Management of the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine ParkSince Tun Mustapha is in proposed status, not a publicly announced marine park yet, there is no detailed management for the area. Once Tun Mustapha is publicly announced, its management will be under the enactment of Sabah Parks.

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2.0 PROJECT TEAM AND KEY STAKEHOLDERS

2.01 WWF-Malaysia Partners

Name Agency Position TelephoneRejani Kunjappan WWF-Malaysia Project Supervisor 012-2897061Robecca Jumin WWF-Malaysia Team Leader 088-612339Sofia Johari WWF-Malaysia CEPA Staff 088-612339Irwanshah Mustapa WWF-Malaysia Marine-Biologist 088-612339

2.02 Supporting Partners for the Project

Name Agency Position TelephoneEn. Aliuddin Hj Onon Banggi District Office Assistant District

Officer (Pen.Peg Daerah)088-671495

En. Amdan Fisheries Department of Kudat Enforcement Officer(Peg.Penguatkuasa)

088-611832

En Sakirun Local people Village Head Kg Maliangin 013-8768901En Rizalman Police Constable 012-6037112En. Abd Karim Local people JKKK Kg Berungus 013-8631926En Ramlee Jakaria JHEAINS (Islamic Department) Religious leader (Imam),

Karakit014-8533348

En Hj Abdullah JHEAINS (Islamic Department) Religious leader (Imam),Sibogo

012-8297527

En Yusuf Bural Belia Chair of Banggi YouthClub (Pengerusi BYC)

014-5583448

En. Faizal Belia Belia Pengaraban 012-8201254

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2.4 Stakeholders: Overall

Participant/ Stakeholder Key Issues Potential Contribution Motivation to Attend Consequences for not inviting

DO/ADO/District Office (Pejabat Daerah)

District management (Pengurusan Daerah)

Deal with community related issues and understanding on local background

Support conservation NGO development Project will not work well

Fishermen/community whose lives depend on marine resources

Natural resources users

Protect and use natural resources

Support conservation activityr Project will not work well

Fisheries Department/ Maritime Office, Marine Police, Wildlife Department of Sabah, Sabah Fondation.

Conserve fishing area

Experiences in conservation and regeneration of fishing area and responsibility to enforce fisheries laws.

Support and involved in activities to conserve and renegenerate nature Data loss

Heads of villages (KG/JKKK)

Heading village community

Know about traditional fishing area, leading village community

Support and involved in activities to conserve and renegenerate nature Project will not work well

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Education Department of Kudat

State Education Office Deal with school activities

Support and involved in activities to conserve and renegenerate nature

Data loss, and project will not work well

TeachersState Education Office

Deal with school activites and educate students


Parents

Educator and natural resources users

Aware of natura resources and have roles to educate their children to respect nature


Religious Leaders/Iman

Sabah State Islamic Office

May provide nature related texts from Islamic perspectives in religious forums and sermons.


Children/ Students Elementary SchoolGeneration that requires attention

Support, like and easily involve in activities to conserve and regenerate nature Project will not work well

YouthsHigh school, work and unemployed

Generation that require attention and has the ability to conduct a program

Support, like and easily involve in activities to conserve and regenerate nature Project will not work well

Leader /YBCommunity Leaders

Policy making in the community

Support activities to conserve nature Project will not work well

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C. Conceptual Models

All Rare Pride campaign starts with a development of conceptual model. The model portrays visual situation in the project site. In the core, a good conceptual model basically portrays a series of graphical causal relationship between factors that are believed to have impacts on one or more biodiversity targets. A good model should clearly relates biodiversity targets to direct threats and their impacts to biodiversity, and contributing factors (including indirect threats and opportunities) that affect the direct threats. The model must provide a foundation to decide where we can intervene with our strategy and where we should develop indicators to monitor the strategies’ efficiency.

The section will show conceptual model elements identified by stakeholders as factors that contribute to the loss of biodiversity in Serena Island.

3.0 Developing a Concept Model3.1 Miradi Conceptual Model 3.2 Early Narrative Conceptual Model

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3.0 DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODELStakeholders meeting were held on 19 Februari 2009. Thirty four participants from 4 areas, Pitas, Kota Marudu, Kudat and Banggi, attended the meeting. The meting revealed direct factors and created a Conceptual Model for the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. Six groups were created to discuss threat factors. Many ideas were proposed by stakeholders to complete the conceptual model. Direct threats are identified during discussion among stakeholders and written on cards to post on the reality board. Participants then discussed the related factors (indirect threats) that contribute to direct threats.

For example: domestic dogs would not be present in Serena Island if tourist did not bring them in. Contributing factor for invasive rodent population to kill pigeons in the island is lack of natural predator and additional mice carried to the island by fishermen (in boat palka). Hurricane may directly affect flora and fauna in Serene Island, but there might also be global warming factor behind the threat. Contributing factors were put on the wall and were connected to direct threats with arrow sign. The result was a simple ”map” of things that affect the target.

3.1 Miradi Conceptual ModelConceptual model created by stakeholders was then analyzed through Miradi. This aimed to develop and build an understandable and more strategic conceptual model. Through Miradi, threat phases can also be asessed. The following is the Conceptual model for Rare Campaign which will still be revised one more time.

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C. Conceptual Model

Contributing Factors/ Indirect Threats [yellow box]Direct Threats [red box] Target [green circle]

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To help understand the above image, the followings are brief decsriptions of direct threats and contributing factors formulated in stakeholders meeting.

Project Scope and Target Direct Threats Contributing factors (incuding indirect threats)

Proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park

Coral Reef Tortoise Coastal Areas Mangrove Forest

Destructive fishing PracticesFish Bomb, Sodium Cyanide Solutions (Sujum), easy to market fish, easy to get fish, weak/soft enforcement, lack of officers to implement, difficult lives, living fish expensive in the market

By-catch Trawl net use, no standard equipments, Turtle Excluder Device (TED) is not used, inconsistent fisheries laws, no knowledge on TED use

Over-fishingTemporary inhabitants, purse seine net use, weak Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM)-based fisheries management, foreigners/locals’ recklessness, little involvement by state government on the issue, lack of management capability, bureaucracy, weak enforcement

Hunting, collecting and harvesting of eggs/tortoiseWeak enforcement, food, medicinal purposes , and jewelery, lack of awareness, traditional belief, ancestor belief (amalan nenek moyang), source of food, source of income (expensive commodity)

Rubbish Pollution Rubbish pollution all over the area, no incentives to lead a clean life, weak rubbish management, lack of laws on rubbish, lack of conservation awareness campaign, lack of awareness, ignorance, no rubbish disposal area.

Mangrove Destruction and Degaradation Demands of land, housing purposes, increasing population, lack of law enforcement, and demands for trading, weak EBM based fisheries management.

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C. Conceptual Model

3.2 Early Narrative Conceptual Model

Conceptual model meeting brought participants to list threats and their contributing factors. The participants were presented with four scope or key targets which included coral reefs, tortoise, coastal beach and mangrove forest, and were asked to assess their threats. All of the targets have direct factors to identify. Direct factors identified by participants are:

Fishing with dangerous substances, including bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) has depleted fisheries resources and destroyed coral reef. By-catch, as the case with tortoise trapped inside trawl net and purse-seine net, has further endangered the already threatened species. Over-fishing, using trawl net and purse-seine net, has over-exploited fish and other sea resources with equipments that are not allowed by laws. Hunting, collecting and harvesting of eggs/tortoise in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park are still practiced. Consequently, with increasing demands of tortoise eggs, the protected animals are in danger of extiction. In the meantime, rubbish pollution have littered the surrounding area and affected the sea area. Rubbish pollution in the coastal and sea area will affect various sea resources. In addition, development and high demands of mangrove timber for housing and other purposes have triggered mangrove destruction and degradation in the area.

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C. Conceptual Model

Destructive Fishing PracticesBy-Catch

Over-FishingHunting, collecting and harvesting of eggs/tortoise

Rubbish PollutionMangrove Destruction and Degradation

D. Threat AnalysisMost part of the site is facing various threats. Meanwhile, conservation resources are very rare and competences are often limited. General challenge facing a resouces manager is to decide which of the threats should be addressed. Threat ranking is a method to help make such a step more clearly and objectively. This involves deciding and defining a series of criteria to be systematically applied towards direct threats in the site. Therefore, conservation actions can be directed to areas where they are most needed.

4.0 Threat Rank4.1 Scope, Intensity and Irreversibility4.2 Factor Chain

4.0 DEVELOPING THREAT RANK

Miradi software was applied to preliminary conceptual Model developed in key stakeholders meeting, to determine rank of the direct threats that key stakeholders have identified2. The ranking system aims at:

1) Identifying high ranking “target” (Coastal Forest, Andrea Pigeons, Coastal Thorny Shrubs (Semak Berduri Pesisir), or Beach & Sand Vegetations/Sea Birds (Vegetasi Pantai & Pasir/Burung Laut)

2) Identifying high ranking threats that produce most impacts to the target.

Miradi software automatically captures targets from the Conceptual Model, showing them parallel to “X” axis, and direct threats parallel to “Y” axis.

4.1 Scope, Intensity & IrreversibilityEach threat was ranked based on its Scope, Destruction Intensity and Irreversibility towards each target with the following assessment guideline:

2 (Ref: Margoluis, Richard A.; and Niklaus Salafsky [1998] Measures of Success, Island Press, Washington DC).

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D.Threat Analysis

4.2 Rantai FaktorRantai Faktor Perikanan yang merosak

Key stakeholders identified destructive fishing as the biggest threat towards the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park and other biodiversity targets in the area. The threat was identified to cause destruction to coral reefs and reduce fisheries resources. Therefore, destructive fishing was chosen as the highest ranking threat in the area.

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KEYS TO THREAT CRITERIA (Based on Miradi Definition)A: SCOPE (Area)4 = Very High: Threat will very likely spread throughout the whole or a large part of your site. 3 = High: Threat will very likely spread in its scope, and affect conservation target in many places in your site2 = Moderate: Threat will very likely have a local scope, and affect conservation target in some parts in the targeted site. 1 = Low: Threat will very likely have localized scope, and affect conservation target in limited part of the targeted site.

B: INTENSITY – Destruction level to conservation target expected up to this point (based on the current situation continuity). 4 = Very High: Threat will very likely destroy or cause disapearance of conservation target in some parts in the site. 3 = High: Threat will very likely degrade (seriously) conservation target in some parts in the site. 2 = Moderate: Threat will very likely degrade (moderately) conservation target in some parts in the site. 1 = Low: Threat will very likely slightly affect conservation target in some parts in the site.

C: IRREVERSIBILITY – Urgency to take quick action to counter threats. 4 = Very High: Impact of direct threat is irreversible (for example, wet land converted into a shopping center).3 = High: Impact of direct threat is reversible, but cannot be practiced (for example, wet land converted into agricultural land). 2 = Moderate: Impact of direct threat is reversible with proper resources commitmen (for example, to put away and dry up wet land).1 = Low: Impact of direct threat is reversible with realtively low costs (for example, off-road vehicle passed through wet land).

D. Threat Analysis

Use of modern equipments

Bomb users can sell their catch easilyLack of enforcement officers to implement NTZ

Alive fish market is very expensive

International Market for LRFT

Bomb makes it easy to catch fish

Easy to get fish feed

Poor enforcement of zoning for trawling (legal fishing ground)Policy to phase out trawling

Raw materials are easy to find

Increasing number of farmers using fish bombPoor enforcement (lack and weak enforcement)

Lack of state government agencies’ involvement

Management implementation is not adeptBureaucracy

Bottom trawling

Destructive fishing

Blast fishing (fis hbomb)

Fishing with poison/sodium cyanide solution (sujum)

Pressures of life

4.2 Factor ChainDestructive Fishing Factor Chain

Destructive fishing and by-catch are two factor chains with high ranking values. Both activities are threats that have caused coral reef degradation and reduced fisheries resources in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. Between the two factors, destructive fishing with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) was chosen as a concept model for Rare campaign target, because chain of indirect factors of the threat are so many when compared to over-fishing. In addition, destructive fishing directly correlates with over-fishing.

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Over-Fishing Factor Chain

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Lack of enforcement officers to implement No-Take-Zone (NTZ)Poor enforcement (lack and weak enforcement)

Implementationmanagement is not adept

Bureaucracy

Lack of State government agencies’ involvement

Pressures of life

Over Fishing

Demands for fish, abalone, shark’s fin, sea cucumberIncreasing popularity of seafood as healthier choice of protein, fatty acids, etc.Increase in population growth

Transient Populations

Purse-seine net

Lack of fisheries management – Based on Environmental Based Management (EBM)

Encroachment (Foreign/Local)

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E. Formative ResearchThe planning works have so far been carried out by a relatively small group of stakeholders, and the decisions made were based on untested assumptions. Therefore, the data have to be tested in the field by involving various resource persons in the area. Guided conversation can help us decide Management Choice and start developing composite portrait from both audiences. It also will help us design quantitative survey as explained in Section 7.0. Quantitative Survey will help us understand our primary audience. At the same time, it will help us build a baseline to measure changes caused by Pride Campaign. Results of formative research as shown below do not necessarily follow data collection chronology, and in some cases, research repetition, such as guided conversations with audience, are required.

5.0 Guided Conversations5.1 With District Office5.2 With Department of Fisheries5.3 With Media5.4 With Department of Police5.5 With Primary Audience5.6 Benefits and Barriers

6.0 Management Choice7.0 Result Chain and Preliminary Target8.0 Baseline Building9.0 Survey Result

9.1 Bio-data Summary9.2 Media Choice by Key Segments9.3 Trusted Resources9.4 Knowledge and Attitude towards Main Issue9.5 Practice9.6 Newly Identified Threat9.7 Barriers for Behavior Change9.8 Benefits9.9 Species Flagship

10.0 Understanding Your Audience

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E. Formative Research

5.0 GUIDED CONVERSATIONS

We assume that information gathered from library research and stakeholders meeting were accurate. We have determined that the highest rank target is Andrea Pigeons and the highest rank threat is invasive rodent. We have identified two key targeted audiences (Fishermen and Tourists) and created a simplified Factor Chain to show how the key targeted audiences relate to direct threats (see Section D: 4.2).

To test our assumption on how to reduce threat caused by invasive rodents, we conducted guided conversation with our key targeted audience on how to reduce their role to bring back the rats. Other guided conversations were conducted with scientist and health expert to test our assumption about the role of rats and the possibility to erradiate them from Serena Island. Guided conversation were conducted several times during the planning process, but were summarized here for better presentation.

5.1 Guided Conversation with District Office

A meeting with Assistant District Officer (Penolong Peg Daerah) of Banggi, En Aliuddin Hj Onon, was held to inform him about the conceptual model built together with the community. We presented result of conceptual model that pointed how fishing with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) has been the biggest threat to the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. He stated his support to anti bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) campaign activities that will be conducted in the future.

5.2 Guided Conversation with Department of Fisheries of Kudat

Department of Fisheries of Kudat supports campaign activities to reduce the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) in fishing practices. Department of Fisheries of Kudat agreed to help with the campaign.

5.2 Guided Conversation with Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM), Kinabalu City

A meeting was held with RTM staff in Kinabalu City. Our findings show that most fishermen are interested in using radio as media to receive information. With regard to such findings, RTM stated its support for the efforts and the need for further discussion on the matter in the future.

5.4. Guided Conversation with Department of Police of Karakit

A meeting was held with Department of Police of Karakit to discuss safety assessment in the targeted site, especially Sibogo Village. A staff of the Department stated that Sibogo Village was a ”Black Area” as most of the inhabitants are inmigrants who used bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) in their fishing practices. Department of Police of Karakit supported the program that will be held in the area and will monitor the situation with regard to safety factors.

5.4. Guided Conversation with Key AudienceFishermen

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5.5 Benefits & Barriers

Benefits & Barriers of NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ)

6.0 MANAGEMENT CHOICEDepartment of Forestry admitted, to reduce the threat of invasive rodents to the remaining populations of the endemic and threatened to extinction of Andrea Pigeons, they have to erradicate the rodent population in Serena Island and prevent other rodent population to reach the area. Rodents Eradication International conducted an assessment study in 2006 to decide the practicalities erradicate the present population and considered three choices:

Management Choice PartnerChoice 1 To introduce fishing equipments that will not destroy coral reefs and other lives.

This choice is expensive, therefore it is rejected.

Choice 2 To influence international market This choice is rejected because it can only be conducted by high level people and required many discussions with the related agencies.

Choice 3 To implement NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) This choice is considered as WWF-Malaysia is currently conducting such an activity in Maliangin Island.

Choice 4 To introduce alternative livelihoodThis choice is considered to help support the implementation of NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) and provide alternative sources of income

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7.0 RESULT CHAIN & PRELIMINARY TARGET 7.1.1 Result Chain for FishermenThe following is result chain for fishermen acquired from conceptual model built together with community in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park area.There are 5 important elements required before conservation result is achieved: knowledge + attitude + interpersonal communication + barrier removal + behavior change = conservation result.

Knowledge Attitude Interpersonal Communication

Barrier Removal Behavior Change Conservation Result

Result of survey conducted last February showed that community in the campaign area had poor knowledge on fisheries resources management. Through campaign activities, the knowledge on the establishment of the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park is expected to improve The use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) in fishing practices are expected to reduce. In addition, the knowledge on fisheries resources management is expected to improve.

The use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) in fishing practices contribute to ecosystem instability. If the practices continue, this will cause fisheries resources degradation. Through Rare campaign program, community will support efforts to protect fisheries resources in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park.

Beside having the attitude to protect fisheries resources, everyone should be communicating with others on the importance of managing fisheries resources for the future and ways to get involved in Marine Protected Area (No-Take-Zone/NTZ).

No-Take-Zone (NTZ), alternative livelihood and conservation awareness program will be conducted to reduce fishing practices with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum).

Community will support program to improve fisheries resources and reduce the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum).

The use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) is expected to reduce.

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7.1.2 Preliminary Result for FishermenBased on the result chain, there are 5 preliminary targets that need to be underlined during Rare Campaign activities, so they reach the fishermen audience. They are:

To improve concerns among fishermen on fisheries resources management Fishermen will believe that fishing practices with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) have destroyed coral reefs and depleted fisheries resources. Fishermen will communicate to each other on ways to manage fisheries resources. Fishermen will support the establishment of No-Take-Zone (NTZ).

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8.0 BASELINE BUILDING (SURVEY THROUGH QUESTIONNAIRE)

WWF-Malaysia has carried out survey in 7 villages in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park area. The survey aimed to find out about attitude and knowledge, and to help understand community’s needs and problems. The main target of the survey is community living in the coastal area whose lives dened entirely on sea resources or farmers. Up to 320 respondents out of 7,864 inhabitants in 7 areas were questionned. The survey required 9 days to complete considering the long distances from one area to the others and the weathers. With the help of 13 volunteers, staffs of WWF-Malaysia conducted the survey. Before the survey, survey training was given to volunteers to facilitate and help them understand the questions and answers required.

The following is a summary on survey areas and numbers of respondents participating in the survey:

AREA POPULATION SIZE AREA TARGETED TARGET AREA PENGAMBILAN SAMPEL POPULASI

NUMBER OF ENUMERATOR NAME OF ENUMERATOR

Kg Tg Kapor 3800 174 10 Siti Nurhuda, Noraida, Suliza, Rasidah, Mohd Zulfikar, Arsad,

Mohd Omar, Yusuf, Ifdhar.Kg Berungus 40 2 1 SuzianahKg Karakit 500 23 10 Yusuf dan IfdharKg Perpaduan 716 33 10 Sulizah, Rasidi, Mohd Zulfikar,

Mohd Omar dan ArsadKg Singgamata 200 9 10 Nurhuda, Noraida, RasidahPulau Maliangin 108 5 5 Rasidi, Sulizah, Rasidah,

Nurhuda, Mohd ZulfikarKg Sibogo 3800 115 13 Siti Nurhuda, Noraida, Suliza,

Rasidah, Mohd Zulfikar, Arsad, Mohd Omar, Yusuf, Ifdhar, Mohd Rizal, Mohd Asri and Suzianah.

Total 7864 361 13

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Gender:

Male

Female

Highest education level of family members:

Elementary School

High School

College

University

Do not attend School

9.0 SURVEY RESULT

Up to 320 questionnaires were turned in by enumerators for the survey. Data collected in the survey has helped strengthen and better understand targeted audience, identify information channels and rusted resources, and formulate campaign messages. Rare has recommended using the survey to identify flagship species that will carry the messages to the key segment.. Result conclusion to be found will be included in this part of the project plan. A detailed analysis is available upon request.

9.1 Biodata Summary

The analysis revealed that most of the 320 respondents interviewed are males (87.3%), while only 13% were females. This is because the survey was.focused on males as head of families and fishermen. The analysis also found out that most of the respondents only experienced high school (55.2%), fewer only experienced elementary school (19.9%), while the rest did not go to school (17.7%). The respondents stated that reason behind their low education level was the long distance to school. Also, parents did not have enough money to send their children to school. With low education level, respondents can only worked fully as fishermen to support their family. Survey analysis result revealed that most respondents income were less than RM500 (83% or 261 respondents) and only very few (1% or 3 respondents) had better income. With such low level of income, respondents’ children generally did not go to school, while some only graduates from high school. Up to 61.4% of the respondents stated they have resided more than 16 years in their villages as they felt more convenient living and working in the area.

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(7) How much is your expenses per month? Counts Percents<RM500 261 83.1%RM500-1,000 44 14.0%RM1,501-RM2,000 5 1.6%

RM2,001-RM2,500 3 1.0%

Other 1 0.3%Totals 314 100.0%

(4) How long have you been living in your village?

Counts Percents

<5 years 30 9.4%5-10 years 41 12.9%10-15 years 52 16.3%>16 years 196 61.4%

Totals 319 100.0%

9.2 Preferred Media by Key SegmentSurvey result revealed that most respondents (49%) preferred radio as media to listen for information than other media. Villagers of Kg Sibogo lived far from development and only from radio they could listen to information or events. They listened to Sabah FM Radio Station, located in Kinabalu, around 3 hours drive from Bandar Kudat. They did not have specific time to listen to radio, but they generally did so between 6.30 a.m. to 10.00 a.m..

(12) In the last 2 months, what media do you use most often to get and listen for information?

Interview Area – Fishermen Group

Overall Kg Sibogo, Banggi

Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat

Kg Perpaduan, Banggi

Kg Singgamata, Banggi

Kg Karakit, Banggi

Kg Maliangin, Banggi

Kg Berungus

, Pitas

Radio 128 49.0%

46 48.4%

42 44.2%

21 60.0%

14 82.4%

4 26.7%

1 33.3%

0 0.0%

Newspaper 36 13.8%

7 7.4%

23 24.2%

2 5.7%

2 11.8%

2 13.3%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Public Board 28 10.7%

13 13.7%

9 9.5%

4 11.4%

1 5.9%

1 6.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Text Messages/ Telephone 20 7.7%

9 9.5%

7 7.4%

2 5.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

1 33.3%

1 100.0%

Friends 9 3.4%

6 6.3%

1 1.1%

1 2.9%

0 0.0%

1 6.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

None 11 4.2%

7 7.4%

4 4.2%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

No Anwer 10 3.8%

2 2.1%

1 1.1%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

7 46.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Television 15 5.7%

5 5.3%

4 4.2%

5 14.3%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

1 33.3%

0 0.0%

Other 4 1.5%

0 0.0%

4 4.2%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Totals 261 100.0%

95 100.0%

95 100.0%

35 100.0%

17 100.0%

15 100.0%

3 100.0%

1 100.0%

40

(A) If you listen to radio, which of the following radio stations do you like to listen to? (You may choose more than one answer)


OverallKg Sibogo, Banggi

Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat



Kg Karakit, Banggi


Kg Berungus, Pitas

Sabah FM 193 79.8%

69 79.3%

73 82.0%

25 78.1%

15 88.2%

10 66.7%

1 100.0%

0 0.0%

Hot FM 9 3.7%

0 0.0%

4 4.5%

1 3.1%

0 0.0%

3 20.0%

0 0.0%

1 100.0%

Suria FM 2 0.8%

0 0.0%

1 1.1%

1 3.1%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Radio Filipina 4 1.7%

4 4.6%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

muzik fm 8 3.3%

2 2.3%

3 3.4%

3 9.4%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

None 13 5.4%

7 8.0%

2 2.2%

1 3.1%

2 11.8%

1 6.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

No Idea 5 2.1%

3 3.4%

0 0.0%

1 3.1%

0 0.0%

1 6.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Other 8 3.3%

2 2.3%

6 6.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Totals 242 100.0%

87 100.0%

89 100.0%

32 100.0%

17 100.0%

15 100.0%

1 100.0%

1 100.0%

(B) When do you usually listen to the radio?



Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat



Kg Karakit, Banggi


Kg Berungus, Pitas

6.30 - 10.00 a.m. 31 13.5%

15 18.1%

8 9.5%

8 25.8%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

11.00 Pagi - 1.30 p.m. 12 5.2%

8 9.6%

2 2.4%

1 3.2%

0 0.0%

1 7.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

2.30 Petang - 5.00 p.m. 7 3.0%

0 0.0%

2 2.4%

2 6.5%

0 0.0%

3 23.1%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

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6.00 Petang - 9.00 p.m. 22 9.6%

3 3.6%

8 9.5%

5 16.1%

4 23.5%

0 0.0%

1 100.0%

1 100.0%

9.30 Malam - 11.30 p.m. 11 4.8%

5 6.0%

3 3.6%

0 0.0%

1 5.9%

2 15.4%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

12.00 Midnight 3 1.3%

1 1.2%

0 0.0%

1 3.2%

0 0.0%

1 7.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

No Specific Time 144 62.6%

51 61.4%

61 72.6%

14 45.2%

12 70.6%

6 46.2%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Totals 230 100.0%

83 100.0%

84 100.0%

31 100.0%

17 100.0%

13 100.0%

1 100.0%

1 100.0%

9.3 Trusted Resources

Many of the respondents trusted Department of Police/Marine (55.8%), WWF-Malaysia (52%) and Department of Fisheries (50.2%) to give information to public.

Trusted Resources

Department of Fisheries -Level of Trust

Department of Forestry – Level of Trust

Universities – Level of Trust

WWF-Malaysia – Level of Trust

Parks of Sabah – Level of Trust

Department of Police/Marine – Level of Trust

Friends – Level of Trust

Family Members – Level of Trust

Very Trusted 132.0 50.2%

80.0 31.0%

84.0 32.7%

134.0 51.7%

116.0 44.8%

144.0 55.8%

75.0 29.2%

98.0 38.1%

Moderately Trusted

87.0 33.1%

91.0 35.3%

83.0 32.3%

80.0 30.9%

79.0 30.5%

62.0 24.0%

66.0 25.7%

73.0 28.4%

Average 25.0 9.5%

55.0 21.3%

64.0 24.9%

29.0 11.2%

42.0 16.2%

36.0 14.0%

88.0 34.2%

66.0 25.7%

Not Tusted 7.0 2.7%

11.0 4.3%

10.0 3.9%

2.0 0.8%

4.0 1.5%

5.0 1.9%

13.0 5.1%

4.0 1.6%

Not Sure/No Idea

12.0 4.6%

21.0 8.1%

16.0 6.2%

14.0 5.4%

18.0 6.9%

11.0 4.3%

15.0 5.8%

16.0 6.2%

Totals 263.0 100.0%

258.0 100.0%

257.0 100.0%

259.0 100.0%

259.0 100.0%

258.0 100.0%

257.0 100.0%

257.0 100.0%

9.4 Knowledge and Attitude towards Main Issue Community in 7 areas belonged to Pre-Contemplation Phase, a phase where they still did not know about fish and sea resources management. They also had not thought about creating a no-take-zone in their area. Fishermen of Kg Sibogo and Kg Tg Kapor were less exposed to information on fisheries resources

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management. WWF-Malaysia’s conservation activities are mostly held in Maliangin area, Perpaduan, Singgamata, Karakit and Berungus. In these areas, WWF-Malaysia has been supported by Banggi Environmental Awareness Center (BEAC) and has received better commitment, especially from people of Berungus.

(19) I will read 6 statements on things related to fish and sea resources in the area. Please listen to all the statements and choose statement that is most suitable to describe your situation.


Overall

Kg Sibogo, Banggi

Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat



Kg Karakit, Banggi


Kg Berungus, Pitas

In the past 6 months, I do not have any idea about fish and other sea resources management.

104 42.6%

49 53.3%

24 29.6%

15 42.9%

5 29.4%

10 66.7%

1 33.3%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I never think about the importance of fish and other sea resources management.

22 9.0%

8 8.7%

8 9.9%

5 14.3%

0 0.0%

1 6.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I have thought about the importance of fish and other resources management.

49 20.1%

21 22.8%

20 24.7%

1 2.9%

4 23.5%

2 13.3%

1 33.3%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I have realized how importance fish and other sea resources management is and I have talked to someone on this matter.

54 22.1%

14 15.2%

20 24.7%

10 28.6%

7 41.2%

2 13.3%

0 0.0%

1 100.0%

In the past 6 months, I have talked 1 to 3 times about the importance of fish and other sea resources management with other people.

8 3.3%

0 0.0%

5 6.2%

1 2.9%

1 5.9%

0 0.0%

1 33.3%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I often talk about the importance of fish and other sea resources management with with other people.

7 2.9%

0 0.0%

4 4.9%

3 8.6%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Totals244

100.0%

92 100.0%

81 100.0%

35 100.0%

17 100.0%

15 100.0%

3 100.0%

1 100.0%

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The following table shows that respondents had not thought about creating a no-take-zone in their area, especially in Sibogo area. Respondents in other area, Maliangin and Berungus, had thought and wanted the no-take-zone activity to be applied in their area to restore the decreasing fisheries resources.

(22) I will read 6 statements on things related to no-take-zone. Please listen to those statements and choose which statement is most suitable to describe your situation.


Overall

Kg Sibogo, Banggi

Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat



Kg Karakit, Banggi


Kg Berungus, Pitas

In the past 6 months, I have not thought about creating a no-take-zone in the village.

103 42.0%

50 54.3%

22 26.8%

16 45.7%

7 41.2%

8 53.3%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I have thought about no-take-zone, but I have not done anything yet.

36 14.7%

9 9.8%

13 15.9%

7 20.0%

3 17.6%

2 13.3%

1 33.3%

1 100.0%

In the past 6 months, I have thought about no-take-zone and have considered of creating such a zone with other people in the village.

41 16.7%

16 17.4%

19 23.2%

2 5.7%

2 11.8%

1 6.7%

1 33.3%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I have thought about no-take-zone and have discussed with other people to create such a zone in the village.

41 16.7%

9 9.8%

21 25.6%

6 17.1%

3 17.6%

2 13.3%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I have thought about no-take-zone and have planned to create such a zone with community in the village.

13 5.3%

4 4.3%

5 6.1%

2 5.7%

1 5.9%

1 6.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

In the past 6 months, I have thought about no-take-zone and I am currently developing such a zone with other people in the village.

11 4.5%

4 4.3%

2 2.4%

2 5.7%

1 5.9%

1 6.7%

1 33.3%

0 0.0%

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Totals245

100.0%

92 100.0%

82 100.0%

35 100.0%

17 100.0%

15 100.0%

3 100.0%

1 100.0%

However, respondents believed that fisheries resources management in their area was required as fisheries resources were decreasing. Up to 67% of respondents agreed on the need of fisheries resources management, including creating a small area to restore fisheries resources (no-take-zone).

(21) Does your area need fisheries resources management?



Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat



Kg Karakit, Banggi


Kg Berungus, Pitas

Yes 177 67.0%

61 63.5%

57 58.8%

29 82.9%

13 76.5%

13 86.7%

3 100.0%

1 100.0%

No 87 33.0%

35 36.5%

40 41.2%

6 17.1%

4 23.5%

2 13.3%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Totals 264 100.0%

96 100.0%

97 100.0%

35 100.0%

17 100.0%

15 100.0%

3 100.0%

1 100.0%

(28) Would you agree to have small part in your area allocated as no-take-zone to restore fisheries resources in your area? Counts PercentsYes 204 66.9%

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No 101 33.1%Totals 305 100.0%

(23) Have you ever heard about proposal to establish Tun Mustapha Marine Park?


OverallKg Sibogo, Banggi

Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat



Kg Karakit, Banggi


Kg Berungus, Pitas

Yes 130 49.4%

32 33.7%

45 46.4%

26 74.3%

12 70.6%

11 73.3%

3 100.0%

1 100.0%

No 133 50.6%

63 66.3%

52 53.6%

9 25.7%

5 29.4%

4 26.7%

0 0.0%

0 0.0%

Totals 263 100.0%

95 100.0%

97 100.0%

35 100.0%

17 100.0%

15 100.0%

3 100.0%

1 100.0%

9.7 Barriers to Change BehaviorRefusal to Get Involved and WarrinessWhen asked why fishermen did not set trap or monitor rodent population [Question #25], some responded that such measures would be too costly to apply (16%), while others simply did not care (33%)3 or did not know why they should do so. To a question on why respondents did not support additional protection measures to Serena Island [Question #27], respondents answered that principally they were worried if measures would restrict their access.

9.8 Attitude and behavior integrated series (pre-contemplation)Research showed most of the fishermen belonged to pre-contemplation phase in behavior change integrated series. Up to 80% indicated that,”In the last 6 months, I never thought of setting up trap in my boat.” Most of the Tourist that owned boats belonged to contemplation phase with 70% revealed that ”In the last 6 months, I have considered setting up mouse trap in my boat, but I have not done it yet” [Question #15]

9.9 Benefits Based on the analysed survey result, the followings are benefits that may apply:

Benefit PercentsFisheries resources would increase- Fisheries resources would increase and coral reefs will

3

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be conserved, if fishing practices with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) decrease, community supports NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) establishment, and environmental awareness activities are growing.

30%

Fishermen would not loose their rights- Fishermen will not loose their rights to use the resources and would still be able to fish outside the NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) if NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) is established.

28%

Activities using fishing bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) would be contained - Other benefits of NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) establishment are activities using fishing bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) will decrease, coral reefs will be protected, and fisheries resources safeguarded.

26%

Fisheries resources would increase (30%), fishermen would not loose their rights (28%), activities using bomb and sujum would be contained (26%),.

9.10 Flagship Species

According to an enumerator who helped conduct the research, respondents have chosen Humphead wrasse/Mameng fish (Cheilinus undulatus) as flag species.

Village Name Species/Local names Season of abundance (month/year)

Price per kilogram

Buyer

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Sibogo 1. sunuh2. mameng3. kubing4. kut kut5. Tabung6. Ikan batu7. Katumbang8. Siput tipai9. Kiung-kiung10. Lappas11. Lak12. Bat (balat)

1. southwest season, month 7-10, 2 follow full moon, 1-3 month 3 none 4 southwest season, month 2-10, 5-9 none 10, moon season 3-17 days, full moon is laying eggs season,11 none,12 month 27 bulan di atas masa beranak dan dia berdiri

1, RM 45. 1 kg, 2.3 RM 50, 4, RM 1.80, 5 RM 5, 6. RM 1. 7 RM 20. 8 RM 15-18, 9 RM 3. 10. RM 8. 11. RM 10. 12. RM 20 1 kg

Sibogo

Karakit 1. sunuh2. Ikan batu3. Mameng4. Kubing

1. musim barat bulan 7-12 1. RM 40-50 1 kg, mameng dan kubing, RM 60-80 1 kg

Sold in Karakit. Mameng and kubing sold to Ahkiong

Perpadauan 1. Sunuh 2. batu3. putih4. balat 5. Lak-lak6. lappas7. Mameng8. Kubing9.Kerapu

1, west season month 5-7. 2, none. 3 west season month 8-11. 4 southwest season month 3-6. 5 north season month 12/2. 6 season 17-18 full moon. 7 west season clear water month: cannot remember. 8 none. 9 cannot remember

1. RM 45. 2. RM 4. 3. RM 8. 4. RM145 kering. 5 RM 11, 6. RM 20. 7. RM 60 same with kubing price. 9 RM 8.

1. Perpadauan village, sold to Masjunus, 2 Karakit Bolong. Balat Haji Latip Perpaduan. Lak-lak Samion sold in zambungga. Lappas Haji latip

Singgahmata 1. Tenggiri2. ikan putih matak3. tulai4. sunuh5. Rumahan6. kerapu A7. kerapu B kut-kut8. ikan batu

1, north season month 2-4, 2 none, 3 north season month 1-2, 4 month 4-8, month 12 only when using sujum. 5, north season month 2-4, 6 no season, 7, north season month 12 1

1, RM, 6.50,2 RM 4, 3. RM 1,50. 4. RM 45. 5. 2-3 ringgit, 7. RM 8. alive. RM 2 death. 8.RM 2.

Sold in Karakit to si bolong/Madjunus/ in Maliangin

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Maliangin 1. kerapu2. ketambak3. dapak (ikan merah)4. guntur5. lahusu6. sunuh7. kut-kut8. ikan batu9. tenggiri10.ikan putih11. tabung12. mea-mea

1-3 west season month 6-7.4-5 north season month 5-76-8 west season month 4-59-10 north season month 6-711-12 north season month 3-5

1 RM12/kg2 RM1.50/kg3 RM2/kg4-5 RM2.50/kg6 Alive RM40/kg7 Alive RM2/kg8 RM1.50/kg9 RM6.50/kg10 RM5.50/kg11 RM7/kg12 Alive RM9/kg

Sold to Maliangin trader, Madjuni

10.0 UNDERSTANDING OUR AUDIENCE

The survey has helped us understand key audience better and decide what message and information to use for a succesful campaign.

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Fishermen in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park are primary audience in anti bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) campaign. The followings are characteristics of our primary audience:

PRIMARY AUDIENCE - FISHERMEN What do we know about this group?

Fishermen in 7 areas depend their livelihood entirely on sea resources. Most fishermen in those areas are men, while few are women. Most fishermen have low level of education and went only up to high school. With such a low level of education, they can only work as fishermen, struggling against the weather day by day. Being small scale fishermen, almost all fishermen in 7 areas earn less than RM500 per month. They are categorized as low income citizens. In addition to those characteristics, the fishermen generally lack of knowledge on fisheries resources management. However, with regard to decreasing fisheries resources in those areas, some fishermen have voiced their need of fisheries resources management.

Knowledge Some fishermen are aware of the importance of fisheries resources management. Some others have no idea about fisheries resources management. However, they are aware that bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) destroy coral reefs and may cause death or injury.

Attitude The fishermen support environmental program held to improve their knowledge on fisheries resources management or some environmental phenomenas. However, in their opinions, there are barriers that prevent them from participating in environmental programs: their ignorance and wariness. Some of the fishermen are aware of the need of no-take-zone to minimize destruction to coral reefs and reduce the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solution (sujum). .

Comment The fishermen are key community for a successful campaign, because they are natural resources users and they know a lot about sea. Without their support and cooperation, the program will not work. Therefore, we need to consider their will, problems and needs, and always accommodate their opinions.

Trusted ResourcesBased on assessment result, the fishermen trusted information given by Department of Police, Department of Fisheries, and WWF-Malaysia. In addition, the fishermen usually discuss their problems with their Head of Village.

Media Resources Radio is the most preferred media resources among the fishermen. They do not have specific time to listen to radio However they generally listen to Sabah FM, their preferred radio station, in the morning from 6.30 a.m. to 10.00 a.m.

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F. Revised Conceptual Model With deeper understanding on project site, threats, and key audience segmentation, now we can work on Rare Pride campaign project plan better. Further activities include revising conceptual model to add new supporting factors revealed during questionnaire survey, choose which partner is best to help removing barriers, and decide activities to change the targeted audience’s behavior.

11.0 Revised Conceptual Model12.0 Barrier Removal Key Partners13.0 Complementary Partners Intervention

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MPA Strichter law enforcement Awareness raising

Alternative income

Awareness raising

MPA

Community based surveillance

Pressures of life

Easy to get fish feed Fishing with sodium cyanide solutions (sujum)

Fish bomb users easily market their catch

Fish bom (blast fishing)

Increasing number of fishermen using fish bombPoor enforcement (lack and weak enforcement)Lack of enforcement officers to implement No-Take-Zone (NTZ)

Raw materials are easy to find

Destructive fishing practices

11.0 REVISED CONCEPTUAL MODEL The revised conceptual model that shows factors and strategy is shown in the image below. The followings are summary of key elements in the revised conceptual model:

Project scope is focused on coral reef. The main target is the use of destructive substance, such as fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum). This target is chosen among 6 previously

identified targets. Direct threat addressed is the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum). Factors correlating to direct factors are lack of law enforcement, the fact that it is easy to get materials for bom and sodium cyanide solution (sujum),

pressures of life, and how easy it is to market their catch.Strategy:

Strategy to counter the threat is to introduce No-Take-Zone (NTZ), improve awareness, and introduce other alternative sources of income.

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1 2.0 KEY BARRIER REMOVAL PARTNER

WWF-Malaysia is key barrier removal partner to carry out anti bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) campaign and implement the formulated strategies. WWF-Malaysia has worked in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park since 2003. It held various environmental activities and discussions to help community improve their awareness on conservation and marine lives. From 2006 to 2007, WWF-Malaysia worked with Sabah Parks to conduct research in 54 villages in coastal areas of Kudat, Kota Marudu, Pulau Banggi and Pitas. The research aimed to collect socio-economics data and to assess the needs of community in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. At the same time, WWF-Malaysia is implementing No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in Maliangin Island. It is a demonstration site of fisheries resources conservation in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. WWF-Malaysia is key barrier removal partner to carry out anti bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) campaign and apply the formulated strategies: NTZ and environmental awareness program.

13.0 COMPLEMENTARY PARTNERS INTERVENTION Cooperation of other agencies is very important for the success of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) and environmental awareness program during Rare Campaign. The followings are complementary or supporting partners for environmental awareness program:

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F. Revised Conceptual Model

Name of Complementary Partners Statements

Department of Fisheries Implement fisheries resources management, especially through fishing activity monitoring (licensing);

Conduct one system information and fisheries statistics with regard to fisheries and aquaculture (Melaksanakan satu sistem maklumat dan statistik perikanan berkenaan dengan perikanan dan akuakultur;

Conduct development program and improve socio-economics level of the targeted group – fishermen, fish breeder and fisheries products producers;

Carry out research works, especially the ones related to fisheries and aquaculture, and fisheries resources;

Implement programs that aim to improve income from fisheries commodities; and

Page 3 Carry out programs that aim to develop and commercialize fisheries

and aquaculture industry.

District Office Support environmental awareness program

Department of Police Support environmental awareness program and monitor activities that may cause injury during campaign impelementation.

G. Campaign Strategy Based on research towards targeted audience and revised conceptual model assessment, campaign designer team takes the following steps to develop strategy to reach primary target and formulate suitable messages for the target.

14.0 BROP15.0 Benefit Ladder16.0 Partner Intervention17.0 SMART Target 18.0 Marketing Mix19.0 Campaign Messages

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20.0 Monitoring Plan

BROP

What:No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is a good effort to protect an area from activities that deplete fisheries resources and gravely destroy coral reefs. Through NTZ, community inhabiting the areas or community that consumes fisheries resources will be actively involved in efforts to protect the coastal ecosystem. Also, community in the areas will automatically obey the laws that allow fish to breed and grow. The NTZ will be a demonstration site or exemplary NTZ site for the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. The presence of NTZ will maintain fisheries resources in the areas and will serve as example for other areas. Hopefuly, in the future, there are other areas that will be designated as NTZ. In addition, with more NTZ created in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park, destructive fishing practices will be reduced and the use of bomb or sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) will be minimized. This condition will allow coral reefs to grow well and fish will continue to exist. The most important thing, through NTZ community will take the benefits and future generations will still be able to enjoy fisheries resources in the areas.

Who:NTZ targets group community of Kg Berangus, Banggi Island, including Karakit, Singgamata, Perpaduan and Sibogo, as well as Pulau Maliangin Kecil (Small Maliangin Island), where natural resources are used improperly. Total inhabitants in those areas are 10,000 individuals, including non-fishermen. At the moment WWF-Malaysia intensively runs a fish protection area as a demonstration site in Maliangin area for the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. The proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park is well known as Marine Protected Area. Therefore, a fisheries resources protection zone demonstration site is required, so the community will see its importance

55

and benefits. Funding available at the moment to run the activity is RM20,000. The amount should include the funding for activity to improve community’s environmental awareness. Further funding is required to run the program since some of the available funding has been used for Rare activities.

When: NTZ will be conducted together with Rare campaign program. The program will start in August 2009 with community meeting, which will be followed by other activities, including mapping. Environmental awareness program will be carried out to improve community’s knowledge on the importance of NTZ. Discussions will be held to promote common understanding on NTZ by end of 2009 or early 2010, while trainings will be provided for fishermen, especially those in Tg Kapor, Berungus and Maliangin. Fishermen in other area will be given trainings accordingly, so can they benefit from the program.

How: WWF-Malaysia has allocated a funding of RM32,406 to impelement NTZ in Maliangin Island. Although WWF-Malaysia has allocated some funding for the program, Rare is expected to also allocate some funding needed to implement NTZ in Kg Berungus and Maliangin Island.

PROJECT OBJECTIVE & IMPLEMENTATION

No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is an effort to improve fisheries resources and increase community’s awareness on benefits of Fish Protection Area. Community’s support and cooperation are important to achieve succes.

Project Aim

The project aims to reduce the use of bom and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) among fishermen in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park, especially in Maliangin Island and kg Berungus areas, through the implementation of No-Take-Zone (NTZ). The implementation is expected to raise community’s awareness on dangers of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use.

The goals of sanctuary establishment are as follow:

To show how sea protection zone can improve sea resources. Through No-Take-Zone (NTZ) the decreasing sea resources will improve. This will revive practices in the past when some of the fishes were not taken and given the chance to breed and grow in the area.

56

To show how cooperative management is run (local community, state government agencies, and NGO) No-Take-Zone (NTZ) requires cooperation among local comunity, state government agencies and NGO to achieve success that will benefit all parties involved.

To improve or conserve biodiversity richness in the area.The implementation of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) will conserve biodiversity richness, including sandy beach, coral reefs and fishes and improve resources for present and future generations. Conserved biodiversity will protect sea resources.

To show an improvement of socio-economic situation of local community.The implementation of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) will also improve local community’s income as fisheries resources will be conserved. In addition, alternative sources of income, for example: craft making, will be introduced.

Objectives:

In August 2009, a meeting with Berungus community will be held to establish No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in the area. The establishment will be based on community agreement and cooperation to support NTZ with regard to the rampant use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) in the village area.

In September 2009, there will be program and activities to support the establishment of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in Maliangin Island.

In June 2010, No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in Kg Berungus should have been established.

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(7) How much is your average monthly expense? Counts Percents<RM500 261 83.1%RM500-1,000 44 14.0%RM1,501-RM2,000 5 1.6%

RM2,001-RM2,500 3 1.0%

Other 1 0.3%Totals 314 100.0%

Source: TMPSocio-economic Assessment 2006-2007 Source: TMP Socio-economic Assessment 2009

The above graphics show respondents’ income in 2006-2007 and 2009. Both assessments revealed that most coastal areas inhabitants earn less than RM500 per month. If no measures are taken, fishermen income in the years to come would decrease, while fisheries resources would be gravely depleted.

No-Take-Zone (NTZ) Establishment Methodology

58

Income distribution of respondent household in all region

8979

5873

718

3422

0 0 2 11 0 2 01 0 2 12 3 2 22 0 2 10

20

40

60

80

100

REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4

Perc

enta

ge

< RM 510 RM 510 - RM1,000RM 1,001 – RM 1,500 RM 1,501 – RM 2,000RM2,001 - RM2,500 > RM 2,500No question

Map: the Proposed Maliangin Sanctuary

Maliangin Santuary concept was first proposed to Sabah Parks and Fisheries Department in July 2006 and was proposed to community, leaders and land owners in Maliangin Island in March 2007. Maliangin Sanctuary will apply cooperative management, in which state government, local community, and all parties with interests for the program will work cooperatively. All will get involved in every discussion, decision making, and resource management for the success of Maliangin Sanctuary. Based of WWF-Malaysia’s assessment on the area, Maliangin Island is proposed as Maliangin Santuary for the following reasons:

The island harbors marine habitat characteristics and moist coastal beach, including sandy beach, good coral reefs, algaes and rocky coastal beach.

Important fishing area for small scale and commercial fishermen Relatively close to Kudat Potential tourist site Tortoise nesting area.

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Maliangin Island will be developed as a fish conservation demonstration site within the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. Through Rare Pride program, Kg Berungus is also proposed as No-Take-Zone (NTZ) because leaders and community in the area are very cooperative and actively protect their sea area through monitoring activities in the village area. Even without support from any agency, Berungus community does not allow any use of bomb and sodium cyanide solution (sujum) in their area. In addition, the community has stated their willingness should their area is designated as No-Take-Zone (NTZ). With regard to decreasing fisheries resources, the establishment of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) will protect fisheries resources in NTZ area and will provide fisheries resources to the non-NTZ area. No fishing activity will be allowed in NTZ area. This aims to help fishes lay their eggs and grow their offsprings in the area without any disturbance, therefore protect fisheries resources in the future. Other areas, including villages of Tg Kapor, Kg Sibogo, Kg Perpaduan, Kg Karakit and Kg Singgamata will be designated as supporting area for the implementation of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in Kg Berungus dan Maliangin Island.

The following images show fish abundance effects:

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At initial state, fishes will be in No-Take-Zone (NTZ) area. With no disturbance, those fishes will after a while have the chance to lay eggs and grow their offspring in the area.

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1. Abundance Effects: a. Initial Stage1. Kesan Limpahan : a. Keadaan Awal

As fish population in No-Take-Zone (NTZ) increases, the abundance will drive a number of fishes to move to the area outside the NTZ or create abundance effects. Fish population will continue to grow as they can lay eggs and grow their offsprings safely.

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1. Abundance Effects: b. Fish Movement out of No-Take-Zone

A growing fish population and its abundance effect will bring benefits to local community who can have their fisheries resources conserved and still be able to catch fish outside No-Take-Zone (NTZ).

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1. Abundance Effects: c. Fish catching OUTSIDE of No-Take-Zone

As the abundance effects take place, fisheries resources in the protected No-Take-Zone (NTZ) will always be available/conserved. This will help recover the decreasing fisheries resources in the area. The practice will in the long term ensure local community livelihood, while at the same time reduce the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum).

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1. Abundance Effects: d. Increased fish population INSIDE No-Take-Zone

1. Kesan Limpahan – d. Stok semula ikan DALAM kawasan larang tangkap

Methodology used in No-Take-Zone (NTZ).

Maliangin Island has been designated as fish conservation demonstration site in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park, while Kg Berungus is proposed as No-Take-Zone through Rare Pride Program. The following is the methodology to help the implementation of No-Take-Zone (NTZ):

1. ReefCheckReefCheck, controlled by Marine Biologist of WWF-Malaysia, is a key component for No-Take-Zone (NTZ) implementation.Since early 2009, the Marine Biologist conducted 2 phases of Reefcheck in the surrounding Maliangin Island, Tigabu, Mandidarah, Sibogo, Dogoton, coral reefs area, and parts of Pitas, Kota Marudu and Kudat. The ReefChecks looked for three kinds of information: fish, coral reefs and invertebrate, to identify fish species, level of coral reefs destruction and threats in coral reefs area and the adjacent areas.

2. Resource Use Mapping.Resource Use Mapping was carried out in Maliangin Island to identify areas with good coral reefs condition and potential areas for fisheries purposes. Such a mapping is crucial to identify which areas should be designated as No-Take-Zone (NTZ) following an agreement with local community. No resource use mapping has been carried out in Kg Berungus. The mapping in Kg Berungus will be conducted during the implementation of Rare Pride Program.

3. Discussion with Community Discussion with community is the most important element behind the success of a project or an activity. To implement No-Take-Zone (NTZ), support and cooperation from local community are really needed. During discussions with community, information, perception, supports, problems and needs can be identified. Discussions with community will be held often to help the implementation of No-Take-Zone (NTZ), especially to understand community’s will and needs. Such discussions have taken place in Maliangin Island to get local community’s supports, and to give them information and knowledge, as well as awareness on benefits of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in the future.

4. Enforcement by CommunityEnforcement by community is required. WWF-Malaysia has trained some local residents to be Wildlife Wardens (Warden Kehormat Hidupan Liar). The trained residents will record and report all activities that threaten the environment and the use of unlawful equipments. In No-Take-Zone (NTZ), enforcement will also involve local community to safeguard the area from threats or destructive activities.

5. TrainingTrainings will be given to local community to help them implement No-Take-Zone (NTZ). They include trainings for monitoring, GPS use, camera, information recording, etc.

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Theme: To carry out my duty as responsible fisherman”

“I am a responsible fisherman towards the sea around my village”“I want my children to be able to use fisheries resources in the future”I do not need to fish in other area because my area still provide fisheries resources”Obey fisheries lawsAvoid penalty for using bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum)Avoid the loss of fisheries resources Fisheries resources is conserved and is sustainableAvoid possibility of injury caused by unlawful susbtances useNo need to find other place to catch fish

The use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) is expected to decrease

“I feel that I am “a responsible fisherman towards fisheries resources”

I am a fisherman who do not use bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) because I am aware of the consequences”

Expected fishermen behavior: Fishermen reduce practices with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum), because such practices violate laws and fishermen may get injured.

Behavior Attributs

Functional Benefits

Emotional Benefits

14.0 BENEFIT LADDER

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15.0 SMART Target WWF-Malaysia uses the available data to improve preliminary ‘management choice’ and ensure that the choice, that is SMART, correspond to its key targets and improve community’s knowledge.

15.1 SMART Targets for Fishermen15.1.1 Knowledge Target

15.1.2 Attitude Target and Interpersonal Communication

Fishermen: Attitude and Interpersonal Communication

SMART Target 1 By June 2010, 40% of fishermen will think that No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is important to improve fisheries resources (an increase from 25.3%)

SMART Target 2 By June 2010, 50% of fishermen will agree that bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) have destroyed coral reefs and fish (an increase from 15%)

SMART Target 3 By June 2010, fishermen will start to discuss about the importance of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) and consequences of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum).

Fishermen: Behavior ChangeSMART Target 1 By June 2010, 50% of fishermen will reduce the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum). Survey result revealed that 70.2% of respondents

agreed that the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) are banned. 15.1.3 Behavior Change Target

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Fishermen: Contemplation/ Knowledge SMART Target 1 By June 2010, 65% of fishermen in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park (TMP) area know about the importance of TMP (an increase from 14%)

SMART Target 2 By June 2010, 80% of fishermen know about the importance of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in their area (an increase from 13.1%)

SMART Target 3 By June 2010, 60% of fishermen know about fish and other sea resources management in TMP area (an increase from 20.1%)

16.0 Marketing MixQuantitative and qualitative surveys that were conducted in formative research phase of the plan have helped us understand who were the most trusted resources among the targeted audience, how did they get information, and what kind of information channels are preferred. With such information, we can decide the right marketing mix – through 4P (Product, Price, Place and Promotion) for fishermen and tourists.

16.1 Marketing Mix for FishermenProductIntroduction No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is the product that will help anti bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use campaign in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. The product is expected to increase the decreasing fisheries resources in the area. At the moment, WWF-Malaysia is trying to designate a small area of Maliangin Island as part of the No-Take-Zone (NTZ). The designation aims to protect fisheries resources in the area and help improve community’s knowledge on the importance of No-Take-Zone (NTZ). In addition, WWF-Malaysia will carry out awareness activities that support the implementation of No-Take-Zone (NTZ). Alternative livelihood is introduced together with No-Take-Zone (NTZ). It will prevent loss of livelihood among community since result of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) can only be achieved in long term.

PriceDiscussions with villagers, fishermen and land owners in Maliangin Island revealed important information about their warriness with regard to the needs of alternative livelihood following the introduction of No-Take-Zone (NTZ). However, WWF-Malaysia has given reasonable understanding about the importance of No-Take-Zone (NTZ), therefore villagers, fishermen and land owners are willing to accept No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in the area. WWF-Malaysia has encouraged community to develop handicraft making from screwpine leaves (mengkuang) or pandanus weaving. Such a handicraft making is currently practiced by women in the area, as alternative livelihood. No-Take-Zone (NTZ) will benefit community as it will guarantee sustainable fisheries resources in the area. However, cooperation and support from all parties are important for the succes of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) and other environmental programs.

PlaceWWF-Malaysia will disseminate information related to the area in an accessible place in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. Poster and signboard, for example, will be placed in public area where villagers pass by for day to day activities. Radio will reach villagers living father. .

Some of the places to disseminate information on fisheries resources management are as follows:

Bus stops

Schools

Grocery stores

Community meeting areas

Moslem places of worship (masjid/surau)

Fish markets

Other places that apply

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G. Campaign Strategy

PromotionFishermen generally have low level of reading and writing abilities. Research revealed that radio is preferred among the targeted audience. Radio can reach all level of community.

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Main Message for Fishermen:Be a wise fisherman. Do not use equipments/substances that may destroy fisheries resources. If fisheries resources is destroyed, we definitely will suffer because sea is our source of livelihood.

Alternative Slogans:Sea is my livelihoodStop using fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum). They kill us! Protect our sea, fish will always live on

17.0 NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ) CAMPAIGN MESSAGES

17.1 Message creation strategy

A strategy to create messages for fishermen wil help guide all messages created to reach the campaign target. The identified strategies include target audience, expected action (and competition behavior), reward and support.

17.2 Main Messages and Slogans

Based on our message strategies, we can create main messages that sum up our campaign and present convincing cases for the targeted audience. Among the message, we insert potensial slogans that help summarize our messages in easily memorable phrases. More slogans will be formulated during creative development phase. The slogans will be tested among key target before a final slogan is chosen.

17.3 Fishermen Message Development Boxes

The following message development boxes help us define key messages for fishermen.

OPENING MESSAGES (THRESHOLD) The use on bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) has reduced our fisheries resources Bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) destroy coral reefs and may cause injury Dead and destroyed coral reefs as the result of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use will deplete sea food resources No-Take-Zone (NTZ) helps us recover the decreasing fisheries resources.

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SOLUTION MESSAGES Anti bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) program aims at reducing fishing practices that use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) Avoiding the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) will decrease coral reefs destruction and fish scarcity

ACTION MESSAGES Do not use bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) because they destroy our fisheries resources. Support No-Take-Zone (NTZ) implementation. Report any use of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum).

STRENGTHENING MESSAGES If you are found to use or possess bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum), you will be penalized by the authority for breaking the laws.

Audience Profile – Fisherman Fishing is their livelihood They want fisheries resources management in their area They support environmental program They have no knowledge on fisheries resources management They are aware that practices with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) destroy coral reefs and may cause injuries Their lives depend on fisheries resources, therefore they ignore the needs to conserve the sea for the future

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G. Campaign strategy

18.0 MONITORING PLANA good monitoring plan will help us accurately and trustworthily assess our project intervention impacts. This at the end will help us decide whether the project has reached the objectives and targets, and what we need to do to improve the success. The table below is a summary of Monitoring Plan developed for fishermen and tourists:

FISHERMENPhase SMART Target How Parameter Target When Who Where

Knowledge

By June 2010, 65% of fishermen in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park (TMP) area know about the importance of TMP (an increase from 14%)

Survey Positive

Knowledge is formed

65% (an increase from

14%)

December 2009

Campaign Manager

7 targeted villages (kg)

in TMP

By June 2010, 80% of fishermen know about the importance of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in their area (an increase from 13.1%)

SurveyPositive

Knowledge is formed


13.1%)

December 2009

Campaign Manager


in TMP

By June 2010, 60% of fishermen know about fish and other sea resources management in TMP area (an increase from 20.1%) Survey

Positive Knowledge is

formed


20.1%)

December 2009

Campaign Manager


in TMP

Attitude & Interpersonal Communication

By June 2010, 40% of fishermen will think that No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is important to improve fisheries resources (an increase from 25.3%)

SurveyPositive

Attitude is formed


25.3%)

December 2009

Campaign Manager


in TMP

By June 2010, 50% of fishermen will agree that bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) have destroyed coral reefs and fish (an increase from 15%).

SurveyPositive

Attitude is formed

50% (an increase

from15%)

December 2009

Campaign Manager


in TMP

Behavior Change

By June 2010, 50% of fishermen will reduce the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum). Survey result revealed that 70.2% of respondents agreed that the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) are banned.

Observation and

discussion

Number of fishermen All August

2008

Forest Warden/

implementing staff

Serena Island

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BIODIVERSITY AND THREAT ELIMINATIONSMART Target How Parameter Target When Who Where

Fisheries resources will improve and natural environment will be conserved by 40% from 22%

Survey and ReefCheck

Number of fish and natural

environment condition

Fisheries resources will improve and

natural environment will be safeguarded

Not sure WWF-Malaysia Kg Maliangin and Kg Berungus.

Destruction cause by fish bomb and sodium cyanide use increases by 35% to 55%

Interview, Survey, community report and ReefCheck

Coral reefs and fish

Fisheries resources and cora reefs are

conserved

Not sure WWF-Malaysia

Kg Maliangin, Kg Perpaduan,

Singgamata, karakit, Tg Kapor, Berungus

and Sibogo.

GENERAL AUDIENCE

ACTION PLAN MONITORING PLAN KEY RISK

Target Focus Expected result

Key Target4 Key activity5 Required tool

Partner Satuan ukuran

Method Target Frequency Sosio -politics

Scientific/others

Biodiversity target:

To increase fisheries resources and conserve coral reefs

Fisheries resources and coral reefs

Increased fisheries resources and conserved coral reefs


NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ), alternative livelihood and environmental education program

BYC volunteer, Bot Mameng

WWF-Malaysia

P Survey None

Threat elimination target:1) NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ)

The use of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solution (sujum) decrease

Reduction in fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use

Coral reefs and fisheries resources are conserved

Environmental education and awareness

Volunteer WWF-Malaysia

Survey, Reef Check

4

5

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GENERAL AUDIENCE


Target Focus Expected result

Key Target Key activity Required tool

Partner Satuan ukuran

Method Target Frequency Sosio -politics

Scientific/others

2) Alternative Livelihod

Introduction to alternative livelihood

Livelihood is not taken away

Fishermen do not loose their rights

Alternative livelihood

(handicraft, agriculture, etc)

Market WWF-Malaysia

Livelihood Training Livelihood is not taken away

Income will decrease if there is no market

GENERAL AUDIENCE


Target Focus Expected Result

Key Target6 Key Activity7 Required Tool

Partner Parameter Method Target Frequency Sosio -politics

Scientifics/Others

Biodiversity Target:

To increase fisheries resources and coral reefs conservation

Fisheries resources and coral reefs



MPA, alternative livelihood and environmental education program

BYC volunteer BYC, Bot Mameng

WWF-Malaysia

P Survey None

Threat reduction target:1) MPA

2) Alternative Livelihod

The use of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solution (sujum) decrease

Reduction in fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use

Coral reefs and fisheries resources are conserved

Environmental education and awareness

Volunteer WWF-Malaysia

Survey,

ReefCheck

Introduction to alternative livelihood

Livelihood is not taken away

Fishermen do not loose their rights

Alternative livelihood

(handicraft, agriculture, etc

Market WWF-Malaysia

Livelihood Training Livelihood is not taken away

Income will decrease if there is no market

6

7

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19.0 THEORY OF CHANGEExplanation on Theory of Change (max 175 words)The proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park extends accross 1.02 million hectares, covering 4 areas of Kudat, Kota Marudu, Banggi Island and Pitas. It is home to 80,000 individual inhabiting the coastal areas. The proposed Park is currently facing destructive fishing activities that destroy coral reefs and fisheries resources in the area. The use of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) is the main threat in the area that should be minimized. Fishermen are the targeted group to reduce the threat. They will be exposed to knowledge on fisheries resources management through No-Take-Zone (NTZ), and environmental awareness and education that will help improve their knowledge and awareness to conserve marine lives. Having their knowledge improved, fishermen are expected to suppor efforts to conserve marine resource and reduce the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park.

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H. Theory of Change

Lack of law enforcementIncreased use of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum)The use of fish bomb and sujumThreat/fish bomb explosion in coral reefsCoral reef destruction

Coral Reef

Knowledge on TMP and impacts of of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions use, as well as knowledge on fisheries resources are improving

Fishermen will support efforts to conserve marine resource in the proposed TMP

Fishermen start to communicate one to the other about the needs to conserve marine resources and ways to get involved in MPA

No-Take-Zone (NTZ)/MPA) and alternative livelihod

Kawasan perikanan merosak terhad

Destructive fishing practices are decreasing.

Coral reefs are conserved

By December 2009, 65% of fishermen in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park (TMP) area know about the importance of TMP (an increase from 14%).By December 2009, 80% of fishermen know about the importance of No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in their area By December 2009, 60% of fishermen know about fish and other sea resources management in TMP

By December 2009, 40% of fishermen will think that No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is important to improve fisheries resources Pada By December 2009, 50% of fishermen will agree that bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) have destroyed coral reefs and fish

By December 2009, 40% of fishermen will think that No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is important to increase fisheries resourcesBy December 2009, 50% of fishermen agree that the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) destroy coral reefs and fisheries resources..

No-Take-Zone (NTZ) is introduced and threat of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use decrease.

By February 2010, 50% of fishermen no longer use fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum).

With reduction of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solution (sujum) use, and the implementation of MPA, fisheries resources is increasing.

Coral reefs are conserved and fisheries resources increases

Discussion, poster, signboard, radio, awareness activity, Friday sermon, newspaperr

Discussion, poster, signboard, radio, awareness activity, Friday sermon, newspaperr

Discussion with community and state government agencies, poster, signboard, radio, awareness activity, Friday sermon

Discussion with community and state government agencies, poster, signboard, radio, awareness activity, Friday sermon

Discussion with community and state government agencies, poster, signboard, radio, awareness activity, Friday sermon, monitoring, law

Discussion with community and state government agencies, poster, signboard, radio, awareness activity, Friday sermon,monitoring, law

WWF-Malaysia monitors coral reefs

Factor Chain Conceptual Model

Result Chain

TP

SMART Objectives

Strategies and techniques

19.4 CAMPAIGN WORKING PLAN: FISHERMEN

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I. BUDGET & SCHEDULEBudget and Schedule are preliminary prediction in project plan phase because we have not decided specific campaign activities to conduct. However, budget and schedule give us general picture about how money will be allocated and activities implementation will be arranged.

20.0 PROJECT SCHEDULE

ActivityBarrier Removal Implementation

Before September 2009

September 2009

October 2009 November 2009 December 09 January 2010

February 2010

After February 2010

Data collection for NO-TAKE-ZONE (NTZ)Biological MonitoringSocio-economics MonitoringTraining and visit for small scale fishermenMonitoring program implementation for NTZProviding communication equipments for NTZInterest promotion for NTZDiscussion with community NTZReefcheck, Diving, Snorkeling and UVC

Mapping and ground truthingEnsuring flag species designPaint poster, sticker, brochure, t-shirt, calendar, signboard.

Pin and comic makingVisit to RTM (Radio Televisyen Malaysia)/MediaSchool VisitProduce signboard on fisheries

Sermon papers

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BEAC (Banggi Environmental Awareness Center) Activities:- Environmental games- Other activitiesDialogues with religious leaders

20.1 Project Budget

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Table. Budget for No-Take-Zone (NTZ) Activities in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park , July 2009 - June 2010

No. Activity item

Monthly/1 trip/time sub total WWF-Malaysia RARE

July 2009-June 2010 1 Human Resources (Sallary)

Manager Campaign 12

month

536.72

6440.67 6447.67

Local Assistants 12 month

127.12 1525.42

508.47 1016.95 6779.65 1016.95

2 Demontration Plot Model Contruction a Preparation Phase

Transportation especially for Kg Berungus 4 x trip 141.24 564.97 564.97

Meeting with community from Kg Maliangin and Kg Berungus

10 x :5 x Kg Berungus5 x Kg Maliangin

42.37 423.73

423.73

Data Collection 12 xespecially for Kg Berungus

28.25 338.98

338.98

Resource Use Mapping – especially for Kg Berungus 2 x 56.50 112.99 112.99

1440.67

b Implementation Phase + Monitoring

Transportation 8x trip 141.24 1129.94 564.97 564.97

Reefcheck for Kg Berungus 2 x 84.75 169.49 84.75 84.75

Activities that support NTZ12 x

84.75 903.95

903.95649.72

1553.67

3Logistics and Equipment

Field Supplies Logistics 12 X 84.75 1016.95 423.73 423.73

Stationary include photocopy, etc Any kind 84.75 1016.95

282.49734.46

Diving Equipment : Fin, Snorkel, knife, pita ukur, piece 1412.95 1130.74

706.22 2288.935 Monthly Community Meeting

Discussion 12 x 84.75 508.47

EXAMPLE OF ASSESSMENT FORM(1) Form Number________________

THE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN COASTAL COMMUNITY IN THE PROPOSED TUN MUSTAPHA MARINE PARK

IntroductionLet me introduce my self, my name is ............. you may call me ............. and I am currently helping WWF-Malaysia collect data on the use of natural resources in coastal community in the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park. We really expect your participation in the survey and truly appreciate your cooperation. Whatever information you give us will be kept secret and your name and position will not be shown to others, except our partners working in the survey. Your answer will help us a lot to implement the program.Your involevement in this survey is voluntary and you may choose not to be interviewed. There is no right or wrong answer. Your answer is very important for us to design program and activities. May I now start the interview?

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Respondent agrees for interview (If not or if respondent has other thing to do that makes him unable to continue the interview, please stop the interview)

[ ] Yes

Part 1Background information (to be filled by enumerator)

Enumerator[ ] Siti Noraida Junlai [ ] Sitti Nurhuda Ali [ ] Rasidah Abd Nasir [ ] Sulizah Ramlee [ ] Mohd Zulfikar Jaafar [ ] Arsad Roseller [ ] Rashidi Alpasain [ ] Mohd Omar Bural [ ] Datu Abd Ifdhar Datu Aliuddin [ ] Mohd Yusuf Bural [ ] Suzianah Ramlee [ ] Mohd Asri Barail

Interview Are[ ] Kg Sibogo, Banggi [ ] Kg Berungus, Pitas [ ] Kg Maliangin, Banggi [ ] Kg Tg Kapor, Kudat [ ] Kg Karakit, Banggi [ ] Kg Perpaduan, Banggi [ ] Kg Singgamata, Banggi

Survey Period[ ] Basic - Campaign Area [ ] Post Campaign – Campaign Area [ ] Basic - Comparative [ ] Post Campaign – Comparative

Gender[ ] Male [ ] Female

Part 2Socio-Economics Information

(2) Respondent Age________________

(3) In community, which group do you belong to? (You may choose more than one answer)[ ] Village fisherman [ ] Woman/fisherman’s wife [ ] Community leader (head of village (Kg/JKKK))[ ] Commercial fisherman (boat, fishing platform (bagang), fish cage (sangkar), tug boat (serang kapal) owner)[ ] Religious leader [ ] Warga Emas [ ] Other ________________

(4) How long have you been living in this village?[ ] <5 years [ ] 5-10 years [ ] 10-15 years [ ] >16 years

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(5) What is the highest education of your family members?[ ] Elementary School [ ] High School [ ] College [ ] Teaching College (Maktab Perguruan) [ ] University[ ] Not going to school

(6) What is your occupation?[ ] Farmer/agriculture [ ] Small scale fisherman [ ] Commercial fisherman [ ] State government agent[ ] Private sector [ ] Trading [ ] Other ________________

(7) How much is your expenses per month?[ ] <RM500 [ ] RM500-1,000 [ ] RM1,501-RM2,000 [ ] RM2,001-RM2,500 [ ] >RM2,500

(8) What can of fishing activity you are practising?[ ] Quick fishing (Menohor) [ ] Fishing [ ] Trapping fish with bubu (bamboo fish trap) (Membubu)[ ] Trapping fish with fishing net (Memukat) [ ] Fish diving (Menyelam Ikan) [ ] Taking Balat (Mengambil Balat)[ ] Other ________________

(9) What kind of equipment you use for fishing?[ ] Fishing pole [ ] Bambu fish trap (bubu) [ ] Fishing net (pukat) [ ] Bomb [ ] Sodium cyanide solutions (sujum)

[ ] Arrow [ ] Other ________________

Part 3Facility Background/Assets used

(10) What kind of energy you are using?[ ] Generator [ ] Diesel [ ] Fused lamp (Lampu Sumbu) [ ] Candle [ ] Kerajaan[ ] None [ ] Other ________________

(11) I will read several resources that may provide information on the importance of natural resources conservation. Which of the following resources do you trust?

(A) Department of Fisheries[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea

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(B) Department of Fisheries[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea (C) Universities[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea

(D) WWF-Malaysia[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea

(E) Sabah Parks[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea

(F) Department of Police/Marine[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea

(G) Friends[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea

(H) Relatives[ ] Very trusted [ ] Moderately trusted [ ] Average [ ] Not trusted [ ] Not sure/no idea

(12) In the last 2 months, which media do you use the most to get or listen to information?[ ] Radio [ ] Newspaper [ ] Public Board [ ] Text message/telephone [ ] Other ________________

(A) If you listen to radio, which of the following radio stations do you prefer? (You may choose more than one answer) [ ] Sabah FM [ ] Hot FM [ ] Suria FM [ ] Radio Filipina [ ] Other ________________

(B) At what time do you prefer to listen to radio?[ ] 6.30 a.m. - 10.00 a.m. [ ] 11.00 a.m - 1.30 p.m. [ ] 2.30 p.m. - 5.00 p.m. [ ] 6.00 p.m. - 9.00 p.m. [ ] 9.30 p.m. - 11.30 p.m. [ ] 12.00 midnight onwards [ ] No specific time

(13) Do you have television?[ ] Yes [ ] No

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(A) Which of the following television channel do you watch most? (You may choose more than one answer)[ ] TV 1 [ ] TV 2 [ ] TV 3 [ ] Astro [ ] Other ________________

(B) Which of the following program you like most? (You may choose more than one answer)[ ] Drama [ ] News [ ] Music [ ] Sport [ ] Other ________________

(14) Do you have CD/DVD player? [ ] Yes [ ] No

(15) If there is a problem occuring in the villager, how does community solve or discuss it? [ ] Through religious leader (imam) [ ] Through Head of Village [ ] Community meeting and discuss the problem together

[ ] Other ________________

Part 4Other livelihood of interest (Fishermen only)

(16) Have you ever consider changing your current job?[ ] Yes [ ] No

(17) What is the type of job/livelihood that you prefer?[ ] Agriculture/cultivating land [ ] Handicraft [ ] Boat construction [ ] Tourism[ ] Trading [ ] Other ________________

(18) In your opinion, what kind of job is potential in your area? ________________

Part 5Behavior Change Phase

(19) I will read 6 statements with regard to fish and sea resources management in this area. Please listen to all statements and choose the most suitable statement to describe your situation:[ ] In the last 6 months, I do not know anything about fish and other sea resources management

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[ ] In the last 6 months, I have not thought about the importance of fish and other sea resources management [ ] In the last 6 months, I have thought about the importance of the importance of fish and other sea resources management[ ] In the last 6 months, I have understood the importance of fish and other sea resources management, and have discussed the matter with someone.[ ] In the last 6 months, I have discussed the importance of fish and other sea resources management one to three times with other people.[ ] In the last 6 months, I have often discussed the importance of fish and other sea resources management with other people.

(20) Have your village ever held a discussion on fisheries resources management? [ ] Yes [ ] No

(21) Does your area need fisheries resources management?[ ] Yes [ ] No

(A) Give reason for your answer (Why your area need/do not need fisheries resources management)________________

(22) I will read 6 statements on No-Take-Zone (NTZ). Please listen to these statements and choose the most suitable statement to describe your situation: [ ] In the last 6 months, I have not thought about develop No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in my village[ ] In the last 6 months, I have thought about No-Take-Zone (NTZ), but I have not done anything yet. [ ] In the last 6 months, I have thought about No-Take-Zone (NTZ), and I have been thinking about developing such a zone with other people in my village.[ ] In the last 6 months, I have thought about No-Take-Zone (NTZ), and I have discussed about developing such a zone with other people in my village.

[ ] In the last 6 months, I have thought about No-Take-Zone (NTZ), and I have planned to develop such a zone with other people in my village.[ ] In the last 6 months, I have thought about No-Take-Zone (NTZ), and I am currently developing such a zone with other people in my village.

Part 6Basic knowledge information to assess public awareness

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(23) Have you ever heard about proposal to establish Tun Mustapha Marine Park?[ ] Yes [ ] No

(24) What could be the objective of proposal to establish Tun Mustapha Marine Park? [ ] To safeguard marine resources from extinction [ ] To prevent fishermen from catching fish[ ] To protect coral reefs [ ] No idea [ ] Other ________________

(25) What is No-Take-Zone (NTZ)? [ ] Area where fishing is not allowed [ ] Area to conserve sea resources [ ] Area to protect coral reefs[ ] No idea [ ] Other ________________

(26) Do trawler boat and purse-seine net boat operate in your area (lees than 1 nautical mile – around 1.7 kilometer – from the mainland/island?[ ] Yes [ ] No

(27) Are you aware of consequences of fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use towards sea resources? [ ] Destroy coral reefs [ ] Kill small fishes [ ] May cause injury or death[ ] Cause no impacts [ ] No idea [ ] Other ________________

(28) Do you agree if a small part of your area is allocated to grow fisheries resources as No-Take-Zone (NTZ)? [ ] Yes [ ] No

(29) What should be done to someone entering No-Take-Zone (NTZ)?[ ] Get arrested by Police [ ] Get arrested by Department of Fisheries/Wlidlife/Sabah Parks[ ] Get fined [ ] Get jailed [ ] Get warning[ ] Report him to agencies like WWF-Malaysia [ ] Other ________________

(30) What will you expect if fisheries resources management program exists in your area?[ ] Fisheries resources increases [ ] Activities using fish bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) are constrolled[ ] Trawler boat and boat with purse-seine net do not operate in the area[ ] Fishermen do not loose their rights and they still can catch fish [ ] Sea resources are conserved[ ] Other livelihood is introduced [ ] Other ________________

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Part 7Questions on Attitude

I will read several statements on fish, coral reefs, sea resources and environmental management. Please anwer with ‘strongly agree,’ ‘agree,’ ‘neutral,’ ’disagree,’ ’strongly disagree,’ or ‘No Idea/Not Sure.’

(31) Coral reefs are where fishes live.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(32) Sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) destroy coral reefs.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(33) Coral reefs are important to prevent erosion and big waves.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(34) Fisheries resources will decrease if mangrove forest is gone.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(35) Coral reefs area is important to catch fish.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(36) Destroyed coral reefs cause reduction of fisheries resources.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(37) Bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use destroys coral reefs.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(38) Bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) use reduces fisheries resources.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(39) Fisheries resources is decreasing when compared to few years ago.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(40) Fishing activities should only be allowed in some parts of the area to give fish and coral reefs chances to grow.[ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

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(41) No-Take-Zone (NTZ) sustainably conserves fisheries resources for future generations. [ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure (42) Our descendents in the future should also benefit from coral reefs. [ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

(43) Activities using bomb and sodium cyanide solutions should be eliminated. [ ] strongly agree [ ] agree [ ] neutral [ ] disagree [ ] strongly disagree [ ] no idea/not sure

Now, I will read several other statements. Please answer with ‘easy,’ ‘difficult,’ or ‘no idea/not sure’ for each statement.

(44) Protecting coral reefs is[ ] easy [ ] difficult [ ] no idea/not sure

(45) Telling others not to use bomb or sodium cyanide solutions (sujum) is[ ] easy [ ] difficult [ ] no idea/not sure (46) Developing No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in village area is[ ] easy [ ] difficult [ ] no idea/not sure (47) Telling others about benefits of fish and other sea resources management is[ ] easy [ ] difficult [ ] no idea/not sure

(48) Telling others about benefits of the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park[ ] easy [ ] difficult [ ] no idea/not sure

Part 8Questions on interpersonal communication

(49) In the last one month, have you ever had discussion on fisheries resources management?

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[ ] Yes (Continue to A and B) [ ] No (Continue to the next number)

(A) In the last one month, have you ever has discussion on fisheries resources management? Who did you discuss the matter with? [ ] Department of Fisheries [ ] Department of Forestry [ ] Sabah Parks [ ] Head of village (Ketua Kg/JKKK)[ ] Religious leader/Imam [ ] Friends [ ] Family members [ ] WWF-Malaysia [ ] Other ________________

(B) What did you talk about when you had discussion on fisheries resources management? ________________

(50) In the last one month, have you ever reported any destructive fishing activity?

[ ] Yes [ ] No (Continue to the next number)

(A) If yes, who did you report the case to?[ ] Department of Fisheries [ ] Police [ ] Sabah Parks [ ] Head of village (Ketua Kg/JKKK)[ ] WWF-Malaysia [ ] Other ________________

(51) In the last one month, have you ever had a discussion with other people on No-Take-Zone (NTZ)?[ ] Yes (Continue to A and B) [ ] No (Continues to the next number)

(A) Who did you discuss the matter with?[ ] Department of Fisheries [ ] Head of village (Ketua Kg/JKKK) [ ] Family members[ ] Religious leader/Imam [ ] WWF Malaysia [ ] Friends [ ] Other ________________

Part 9Developing Baseline for SMART Behavior Target Change

(52) In the last one month, do you still see fishing activity with bomb and sodium cyanide solutions (sujum)?[ ] Yes [ ] No

(53) What will you do if you see someone using bomb or sodium cyanide solutions (sujum)?

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[ ] Let him do it [ ] Tell him the dangers of bomb or sujum [ ] Prevent him to do it [ ] Report him to the Police of Department of Fisheries [ ] No idea [ ] Other ________________

(54) What will you do if you know that there is an activity to develop No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in the village?[ ] Do not want to get involved [ ] Get involved and help [ ] No idea [ ] Other ________________

(55) If there is an environmental activity or fish and sea research management, will you participate? [ ] Yes (Continue to A) [ ] No (Continue to the next number)

(A) If you participate, what role will you take?[ ] Volunteer [ ] Leader [ ] Provide funding [ ] No idea [ ] Other ________________

(56) If there is an activity to develop No-Take-Zone (NTZ) in your village, will you participate?[ ] Yes (Continue to A) [ ] No (Continue to the next number)

(A) If you participate, what role will you take?[ ] Volunteer [ ] Leader [ ] Provide funding [ ] No idea [ ] Other ________________

Part 10Understanding Barriers to Behavior Change and the Benefits

(57) Tell me 2 things that potentially become barriers to change community behavior with regard to se resource management? ________________

(58) Tell me 2 things that could be the advantages of fisheries resources management?________________

(59) Tell me 2 things that, in your opinion, potentially become barriers to someone to participate in environmental activity?________________

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(60) Tell me 2 things that, in your opinion, potentially become barriers to someone to participate in No-Take-Zone (NTZ) development?________________

Part 11Information Media

(61) In the last 6 months, have you used or seen the following media to get information on fisheries resources management?

(A) Sign board[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(B) Newspaper[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(C) Fisheries resources management poster[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(D) Fisheries resources management sticker[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(E) Radio[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(F) Mameng News of WWF-Malaysia[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(G) Song on fisheries resources management [ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(H) Song on environment[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

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(I) Radio[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(J) Discussion with community[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(K) School program[ ] yes [ ] not sure [ ] no

(62) Of all the above mentioned media, list two media that have impressed you the most? ________________

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19 · web viewseven villages targeted as campaign site are: kg singgamata, kg perpaduan, kg...

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