1901-1921. popular progressivism popular progressives had some success needed the federal...
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PRESIDENTIALPROGRESSIVISM
1901-1921
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Popular Progressivism
Popular progressives had some success
Needed the federal government to regulate society
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Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909Assumed the presidency following McKinley’s assassination in Sept., 1901
Youngest president in history (42)
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The Square Deal
Settled the 1902 anthracite coal miners strike
Busted more than 40 “bad” trusts Strengthened the ICC with the Elkins
and Hepburn Acts
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Consumer Protection
A new responsibility of the federal government
The Pure Food and Drug Act The Meat Inspection Act Inspired by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
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Preservation & Conservation
Preserved nature and wildlife by established national parks and sanctuaries
Conserved resources by placing the government in control of timber, mineral, and water resources
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W. H. Taft 1909-1913Increased trustbustingContinued conservation16th Amendment =
graduated income tax
"Big Bill" was the heaviest president at 332 pounds and 6'2". Needing a big bathtub, he had a 7' long 41" wide tub installed that could accommodate 4 normal-sized men
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Split in the Republican Party
- Some progressives believed Taft had abandoned the cause- Payne Aldrich – Taft had promised a lower
tariff but did not follow through- Controversy – Pinchot criticized Richard
Ballinger for opening up lands in Alaska for private development so he was fired
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Roosevelt Creates the Progressive Party
The “Bull Moose” Party platform supported many old Populist ideas
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The Election of 1912
Debs (Soc.) 6% Taft (Rep.) 23% Roosevelt (Prog./Bull Moose) 27% Wilson (Dem.) 41%
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Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)
• Democrat• From Virginia• Called for a
“New Freedom” from trusts, tariffs, & banks
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Example: Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Attacked trusts (before WWI)
Strengthened the provisions of Sherman
Included a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted
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Example: The Underwood Tariff
Announced in the first ever in-person State of the Union address
In 1913 Congress substantially lowered tariffs for the first time in over 50 years
Offset by increased income taxes
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Example: The Federal Reserve Act, 1914
Reformed banking Created12 district
banks supervised by a Federal Reserve Board
Federal Reserve Notes used as paper money
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Failed Attempt to RegulateChild Labor
The Child Labor Act prohibited interstate commerce by laborers under 14
The Supreme Court struck it down in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918)
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WWI Looms…
• Wilson won a close re-election in 1916
• The progressive movement lost momentum as the nation’s attention turned to the war in Europe