191 test flash cards.docx

8/19/2019 191 Test Flash Cards.docx

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5 stages of learning geometry:

visualization-recognize and name figures; analysis- describe figures and objects;informal deduction- classification of figures and objects. (These are noticeable during

elementary school.); deduction- involves writing proofs from definitions; rigor- work inseveral geometrical systems.

1519:

lonso lvarez de !ineda e"plores and maps the Te"as coastline.

1528:

#abeza de $aca is among the first %uropeans to e"plore the Te"as interior

1682:

#orpus #hristi de la &sleta' the first of many panish missions' is established near %l!aso.

1821:

tephen . ustin establishes the first nglo-merican colony' the *ld Three +undred

1821:

,e"ico gains independence from pain.

1830:

,e"ico forbids the entry of further .. ettlers into Te"as


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1835:

The struggle for the &ndependence of Te"as begins with the attle of /onzales.

1836:

anta nna is routed by /eneral am +ouston at the attle of an 0acinto

1836:

am +ouston is elected first president of the 1epublic of Te"as

1836:

t the attle of the lamo' losses include 2avid #rockett' im owie' 3illiam Travis

1836:

The Te"as 2eclaration of &ndependence is created and signed

1839:

The Te"as #ongress meets for the first time in ustin' the new capital of the 1epublic

1845:

Te"as is admitted to the nion as the 45th state

1846:


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The current 6one tar flag is flown for the first time

1846:

The ,e"ican-merican 3ar is fought over claims to the southern boundary of Te"as

1850:

&n the compormise of 7589' Te"as relin:uishes territory and ac:uires its present shape

1861:

Te"as secedes from the nion and joins the #onfederacy

1870:

Te"as rejoins the nion

1876:

The current Te"as tate #onstitution is ratified

1901:

*il is discoverd at the pindletop oil field' initiating the modern petroleum industry.

1903:

The 3right rothers make the first powered flight


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1906:

3illiam 2eorest invents the vacuum tube

1908:

+enry ord begins mass production of the automobile

1920:

2-!ittsburgh become the first commerical radio station on air

1922:

&nsulin is created by #anadian researchers

1927:

The first successful television transmission takes place in


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1936:

ignificant oil fields are discoverd in audi rabia

1947:

1esearchers as ell 6abs invent the transistor

accelerated erosion

constitues a major source of topographic change

acrostic poem

a poem where the first letter of each line spells a word

Affix

a prefi" or suffi"

Age of Exploration

The 78th > 7?th centuries

alliteration

repeated consonant sounds occurring at the beginning of words or within words; e.g.' big' blue bear


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Alonso Alare! de pineda

sailed along the /ulf coast in 787@ in search of a strait to the pacific ocean.

Alp"a#etic $no%lege

knowledge of letter names and shapes; ac:uired in a se:uence that begins with letternames' then letter shapes' and finally letter sounds. &nstruction should be informal' butplanned' and should include activities in which children have many opportunities to see'play with' and compare letters and learn to identify' name and write both upper caseand lower case versions of the letters.

Alp"a#etic principle

an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words.

Analy!ing %"at an &nfamiliar %ords' placement in a sentences&ggest a#o&t t"e meaning of t"e %ord is an example of((((

using syntactic clues.

anap"ora

the use of one word in place of another word.

Anna )ary *+randma* )oses

merican artist

An appropriate actiity to impore first,graders' listeningcompre"ension s$ills is,

to have them follow short (A-step) directions presented orally.


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attri#&te #loc$s

ideal for working on congruence and similarity.

A&tomaticity

accurate' speedy word recognition; is necessary' but not sufficient' for fluencydevelopment.

A #alanced reading program consists of(((

e"plicit' systematic phonics instruction with meaningful' connected reading ofinformative' engaging te"t. &t includes five main areas of reading instructionB phonemicawareness' phonics' fluency' vocabulary' and te"t domprehension.

-allad

narrative poem (tells a story) set to music

-ar#ara .ordan

first frican-merican woman from a southern state to serve in #ongress when she waselected to the +ouse of 1epresentatives in 7@CA.

#ar grap"s

use horizontal or vertical bars to contrast :uantities

#ig #oo$s

6arge' oversized books used in shared reading' usually at the emergent reading level.


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the childDs development of an awareness of words and of the correspondence between written and spoken language.

c"oral reading

takes place when a group of students or an entire class reads out loud.

cin&ain

a short' unrhymed poem consiting of twenty-two syllables distributed as 4'F' ?' 5' 4 infive lines.

circle grap"s or pie c"arts

represent the relationship that each part has to be whole.

ciics

study of how society maintains order through government institutions and the political

process.

lo!e roced&re

n assessment method used to determind readability of a te"t that involves deleting words from the te"t and leaving blank spaces.

oa"&iltecans

*n the #oastal !lains' hunters and gatherers who lived in huts but often moved insearch of food.


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compariosn/contrast

e"plains how two or more things are alike andEor how they are different

ompre"ension

getting meaning from written te"t

compre"ension strategies of s$illed readers

activating and using background knowledge' generating and asking :uestions' makinginferences' predicting' summarizing' visualizing

concepts of print

print represents spoken language; print is directional from left to right and top to bottom; books are read from front to back; the strings of letters separated by spaces inte"t are words' and individual letters are different from words; sentences begin withcapital letters and end with periods' etc.....

congr&ent fig&res

have e"actly the same size

consonant #lend

constists of two or more consonants sonded together in such a way that each is heard-like the blend of b and l in the word blend.

onsonant diagrap"

constist of two consonants that together represent one sound- like the ph sound in the word digraph.


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content literacy

used to describe the ability to use written te"ts as sources of information about a given

topic or area.

ontext cl&es are

clues to the meaning of a word contained in the te"t that surround it. These cluesinclude definitions' e"amples' and restatements. Teaching students strategies foridentifying and using conte"t clues is an important techni:ue for vocabularydevelopment.

continental drift

change in the positions of continents over long periods of time

contractions

reductions

co&nting #ars

illustrats congruence and similarity

c&eing systems

cues used by the reader to draw on or gain meaning from te"t. They includeB structuralanalysis- word identification skill that focuses on word parts- prefi"es' root words'suffi"es' inflectional endings (e.g.' -s' -es' -ed' -ing' -er' and -est)' and derivationalendings (e.g.' -y' -ly' -ial' -ic). semantic- using background knowledegeE e"perience with word meanings. yntactic- using word order and knowlege of language patterns./raphophonic- using knowldege of letters and sounds.


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c&lt&ral geograp"y

focuses on the relationships between people and their physical environments.

decoda#le text

te"t in which most of the words are made up of sound-letter relationships that have beentaught' but that contain enough high-fre:uency irregular' and story words to make themsound natural.

decoding

the process of tranlating written words using letter-sound correspondence and blendingthe sounds into words

diagrap" *"e #rot"ers*

sh- :uiet brother' wh- whisler brother' ch- train brother' th-nasty brother

diamante

a seven-lined poem set up in a diamond shape

dilations

e"pansions

dip"t"ong

a vowel pain in which the sound glides from one vowel to the other- like oi' oy' ou' andow in foil' boy' out' and cow.


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dipt"ongs

two vowels to make another sound' oe in GshoeG

irected eading Actiity A

teacher activates and develops schemata by linking the topic of the te"t to studentsD owne"periences or finding ways to get students interested in an unfamilar topic. (a teacherdirected activity)

irected reading, "in$ing actiity A

guided reading activity in which the teacher breaks the te"t into shorter segments' andne"t facilitates a discussion on the key concepts related to the te"t tiopic an thereafterleads the student in predicting' reading silently to confirm predicitons' discussing torefine and clarify predictions; and then formulating new predictions about theremainder of the te"t; this process is repeated until the reading of the te"t is completed.

drama

fictional play; plot is carried by the dialogue.

dynamics

how loud or soft music is played or sung

Early #lending actiities s"o&ld &se %ords t"at #egin %it"((((

continuous consonants (e.g.' f' l' m' r' s) because these sounds are easy to hear and can be blended without distortion. The children should Gstretch outG and connect the soundsin the word (e.g.' ssssaaaatttt' rather than EsE--EaE--EtE).

Effectie se&ence for introd&cing c"ildren to p"onemes


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7. phoneme comparison in the following orderB beginning' ending' and middle sounds 4.!honeme blending A. 6inking letters F. ,anipulating phoneses through deletion'addition' substitution 8. !honeme segmentation

An effect %ay to promote t"e oral deelpment of a 3,year,oldpresc"ooler is to(((

verbally label adn describe events in the childDs world.

emergent literacy

childerenDs beliefs about and e"periences with reading and writing prior to formal

instruction.

enironmental print

written te"t thatDs observable in oneDs surroundings' such as signs' labels' stickers' billboards' and brand names.

erosion

breaking down and removal of physical material

eal&atie compre"ension

ablility to use critical thinking skills' logical analysis' and aesthetic considerations toevaluate a te"t.

expository texts

te"ts that provide factual information and e"planations.


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expository %riting

a type of oral or written discourse that is used to e"plain' describe' give information orinform.

expressie lang&age s$ills

speaking and writing

fa#le

fiction; short brief stories that teach a lesson or moral.

antasy/science fiction

fiction; plots contain some elements that could not happen in the world as we know ittoday

irst ;panis" missions %ere esta#lis"ed to<

trenghten pains claim

flat c"aracter

not fully developed; we only know one side of the character

fl&ency stage

#hildren become more familiar with written language' and their decoding becomesmore automatic as a result of lerning more sight words.


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fl&ent reading

ability to read :uickly' accurately' smoothly' and with e"pression. (ability to make use of prosodic cues) (is a dimension of oral reading)

fol$lore

the stongs' stories' myths' and proverbs of people or GfolkG as handed down by word ofmouth

fol$tales

fiction; stories are not intended to be accepted as ture; larger-than-life characters adn very unusual happenings

or "elping pres"cool c"ildren listen attentiely

establish a cuing system that signals that its time to listen and use it routinely.

form

three-dimensional :uality of objectsB depth' height' and width

A fo&rt" grader demonstrates good decoding s$ills %"en readingleeled %ord lists #&t often ma$es misc&es and rarely self,corrects %"en reading text passages( o "elp t"is st&dent learn to self,correct t"e teac"er s"o&ld,

%ncourage the student to think about whether each sentence makes sense as it is read.

A fo&rt" grader %"o reads at t"e seent" grade leel often seems #ored and &nc"allenged( ="at %o&ld #e most appropriate for t"eteac"er to do to promote t"is st&dent's reading deelopment<


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+elp the student find books to read that are of high personal interest.

A fo&rt" grade teac"er as$s a paraprofessional to lead a small,

gro&p disc&ssion of a story st&dents "ae read( o ens&re t"e li$elys&ccess of t"is actiity t"e teac"er s"o&ld,

provide the paraprofessional with a set of :uestions to help promote studentsDcomprehension of the story.

A fractions is &sed to represent pro#a#ility:

H of times the successful event occuresE H of attemps that wer made

free erse

poetry that lacks rhyme and structured meter

r&stration eading >eel

student pronounces less than 89I of the words correctly and answers less than C9I:uestions correctly.

geo#oards

provide tactile e"perience of creating right triangles. (a block of wood with rectangulararray of pins. !ins are used to hold rubber bands or geobands in place. They are used toform triangles or other polygons.) (useful for demonsrating congurence and similarity.

+eograp"y

the study of the earth and its inhabitants


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"aromny

accompainment of a song

aing first graders %rite simple %ords at t"e same time t"ey arefirst learning to recogni!e %ords in print is most li$ely to promotet"eir reading deelopment #y,

reinforcing their knowledge of the alphabetic principle.

"ealt",related fitness

promote for the development of better health now and in the future

elen ?eller

merican writer

"istorical fiction

fiction; based on real historical events

"istorical pro#ality

based upon data accumulation over time

o% can a teac"er #est identify a st&dent's %ord identificationstratategies


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o% can a teac"er "elp st&dents learn t"e importance ofp&nct&ation<

+ave them read a passage in which punctuation has been omitted.

o% long s"o&ld p"onics #e ta&g"t<

ccording to the


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being able to draw conclusion by reading Gbetween the linesG

inferential compre"ension

understanding of information that isnDt e"plicitly given' but rather implied in a writtenpassage. (make predictions)

informational #oo$s/articles

nonfiction; contains factual information about a specific subject.

initial reading stage

sound out many of the words they read through phonic analysis. (lso known as thedecoding stage because they focus on decoding of individual words.)

@n&iry teac"ing

when teachers ask and then help students answer :uestions by propsing hypotheses'

gathering and evaluating data' and generating conclusions. This promotes anunderstanding of the scientific method.

@nstr&dctional eading >eel

student pronounces @9-@FI of the words correctly > C9-5@I of the :uestions correctly.

intensity

brightness or dullness of the color

intonation


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patterns of pitch that contribute to the meanings of phrases and sentences.

@nented or temporary spelling

helps to increas phonemic awareness and increases knowlege of spelling patterns.

@rreg&lar/"ig,fre&ency %ords

words that appear often in printed %nglish (e.g.' a' the' in' to' no' you' for)' but are notreadily decodable in the early stages of reading instruction.

?aran$a%as

long the Te"as coast' lived in family groups and had a nomadic lifestyle.

?,=,> teac"ing model

- 3hat & know. 3- 3hat & want to know. 6- 3hat & learned. 1elies on metacognition.

191 test flash cards.docx

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