1917 the turning point year of wwi
DESCRIPTION
1917 the turning point year of WWI. The Russian Revolution The U.S. entered the war. Czar Nicholas II - “Autocracy, Orthodoxy and Nationalism” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1917… the turning point year of WWI
• The Russian Revolution• The U.S. entered the war
![Page 2: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Czar Nicholas II - “Autocracy, Orthodoxy and Nationalism”
• Unlike his predecessors, he was weak, incompetent
and • suspected of being under
the influence of his German-born wife Alexandra, and a half-crazed monk named Grigori Rasputin.
![Page 3: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Russian Revolution, 1917
• There were actually two revolutions:– The February (March-western calendar)- A spontaneous
insurrection against the Czarist government and its failures in the war
– The October (November…)- a planned takeover of the government orchestrated by Bolshevik revolutionaries
![Page 4: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The November 6th Revolution…
• The second revolution was instigated and inspired by a radical socialist party then known as the Bolsheviks. Its leaders included Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin.
![Page 5: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Political Causes
• Autocracy - weak and ineffectual ruler• Spread of Marxist ideas• Charismatic leaders such as Lenin and
Trotsky• Enormous losses in The Great War
![Page 6: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Economic Causes
• Illiterate and oppressed peasant majority• Striking workers shut down industries • Inefficient transportation system • Food and fuel shortages
![Page 7: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Social Causes
• Extreme differences in classes• Peasants’ desire for land• Deprivations resulting from the war
![Page 8: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
World War One: The Battle of Tannenberg, 1914
![Page 9: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Russian army: a Paper Tiger!
![Page 10: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• In 1915, Czar Nicholas decided to go and direct the war from the front lines
• The Czarina allowed a crazed monk named Rasputin to run the homefront
![Page 11: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Russian march, mainly women, bearing the red flag of revolution, Petrograd, March, 1917.
![Page 14: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Czar Nicholas II's government ended when soldiers and
citizens united after riots on food lines
![Page 15: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Czar Nicholas abdicated on March 15. a Provisional Government was established and continued the war- a big mistake that led to its undoing.
![Page 16: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• The provisional government is often referred to as the “Kerensky Government”
because its primary figure was Alexander Kerensky.
![Page 17: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Location of Bolshevik Leaders in February, 1917
Bolshevik Leaders Location
Lenin Switzerland
Radek Switzerland
Zinoviev Switzerland
Bukharin New York
Litvinov London
Antonov-Ovseenko Paris
Dzerzhinsky Moscow
Latsis Petrograd
Molotov Petrograd
Kirov Vladikavkaz
Stalin Kureika (Siberia)
Ordzhonikidze Pokrovsk (Siberia)
Sverdlov Turukhansk (Siberia)
Kamenev Achinsk (Siberia)
Rykov Narym (Siberia)
![Page 18: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Lenin was secretly aided by the German govt to return to Russia
![Page 19: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Upon returning to Russia, Lenin promised “Peace, Bread and Land” …and “All Power to the Soviets.”
![Page 20: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
“The Bolsheviks didn’t cause a revolution, they captured it.”
![Page 21: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Leon Trotsky- architect of the November Revolution
• Seized the headquarters of the Provisional Government; as well as key govt buildings, railway stations, telephone exchanges, electric generating plants
• Next morning, all soviets approved the takeovers.
![Page 22: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• All power to soviets! Peace to all nations! Land to peasants! Factories to workers!
![Page 24: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• " Lenin - the leader of the revolution"
![Page 25: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Lenin. October.
Power to soviets. Peace to the nations. Land to peasants. Factories to workers.
![Page 26: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 1918
• Lenin accepted Germany’s harsh conditions in order to focus on securing power…the real revolution was yet to come.
• Russia lost 1/3 of its population, 3/4 of its iron resources and 9/10 of its coal supply plus a huge indemnity to Germany.
• News of the treaty contributed to a civil war which lasted until 1921.
![Page 27: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Czar Nicholas II and his family were first exiled to Siberia but later, in July of 1918 were killed
![Page 28: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: 1917 the turning point year of WWI](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042718/56815bbd550346895dc9bc5d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)