1920’s Immigration Restriction

1921 Emergency Quota 1921 Emergency Quota ActAct

Immigrants per year cannot exceed Immigrants per year cannot exceed 3% of total # of people from that 3% of total # of people from that country that already are in the U.S.country that already are in the U.S.

Ethnic & National identity Ethnic & National identity determined admission to U.S.determined admission to U.S.

U.S. President Harding signedU.S. President Harding signed

Morphs into the 1924 National Morphs into the 1924 National Origins ActOrigins Act

1924 National Origins 1924 National Origins ActAct

Immigration per year cannot Immigration per year cannot exceed 2% of total # of people from exceed 2% of total # of people from that country already in the U.S.that country already in the U.S.

Permanent Policy – lasted 40 yearsPermanent Policy – lasted 40 years

Based on the 1890 CensusBased on the 1890 Census

Excluded Southern & Eastern Excluded Southern & Eastern European immigrantsEuropean immigrants

Exemptions, Exclusions & Exemptions, Exclusions & AdjustmentsAdjustments

Exempted Hispanic immigration Exempted Hispanic immigration from Western Hemispherefrom Western HemisphereMexican agriculture workers neededMexican agriculture workers needed

Excluded Asians – Excluded Asians – 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act1882 Chinese Exclusion Act 1892 & 1902 Renewed Indefinitely1892 & 1902 Renewed Indefinitely 1924 Asian Exclusion Act – Part of National Origins Act1924 Asian Exclusion Act – Part of National Origins Act

Adjusted Native American Adjusted Native American Citizenship statusCitizenship status Indian Citizenship Act of 1924Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 Interpretation of 14Interpretation of 14thth Amendment Amendment

Citizenship to persons born in the U.S. only if Citizenship to persons born in the U.S. only if “subject to the jurisdiction of”“subject to the jurisdiction of”