1920s lecture 5 harlem renaissance
Post on 20-Oct-2014
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DUE TODAY: N/A
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
G – THE GREAT MIGRATION
Great Migration – major relocation of African Americans to northern cities from 1910 into the 1920’s
Began 1910 – Harlem (New York, NY) – a favorite destination for black Americans migrating from the South Life in the South = difficult Hoping to find freedom, economic opportunity
WWI Huge demand for war supplies Created many
jobs Opportunities for African Americans Moved North
G - THE GREAT MIGRATION
G – THE GREAT MIGRATION
1.5 million African Americans from the South headed North into cities like: Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis, Kansas City
This massive relocation caused African American populations in these cities to INCREASE
G – THE GREAT MIGRATION
G – THE GREAT MIGRATION
S – RACIAL TENSIONS ERUPT
FACTORS: Great Migration – new people in cities African Americans had higher expectations after
WWI
S – RACIAL TENSIONS ERUPT
Moving North didn’t help African Americans escape racism
Racial tensions high after WWI – WHY?
Racial violence – Summer of 1919Riots in 24+ citiesDeadliest in Chicago
38 died, 300 injured
S – RACIAL TENSIONS ERUPT
African Americans also believed they had earned more freedoms by fighting in WWINot everyone agreedSome whites wanted
to strike back against the new African American attitude
What do you think?
LET’S REVIEW:
WHY DID AFRICAN AMERICANS MOVE NORTH BETWEEN 1900 AND 1920?
S, I – LIFE IN HARLEM
Early 1920’s – 200,000 African Americans lived in NYC – most in Harlem Harlem became unofficial capital of African
American culture and activism in U.S. http://blackdemographics.com/population.html
S, I – W.E.B. DUBOIS
Leading voice in African American activism
Worked to end discrimination and mistreatment of African Americans
1909 – Founded NAACP National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People
S, I – DUBOIS THE CRISIS THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
DuBois was editor of The Crisis The Official magazine
of NAACP The Crisis became a
major outlet for African American writing, poetry, art
Helped promote arts movement known as the HARLEM RENAISSANCE
S – MARCUS GARVEY
Activist with a different view of African American life
Took great pride in his African heritage Encouraged others to
do the same Promoted self-reliance
African Americans should look out for their own interests, without involvement of whites
S, I – MARCUS GARVEY
Started UNIA Universal Negro Improvement Association
UNIA Slogan: “Back to Africa” - A day when Africans would
return and create a new empire Believed that to achieve that goal African
Americans needed economic success Started businesses including Black Star Line
S, I – MARCUS GARVEY
S, I – MARCUS GARVEY
2 million+ people joined UNIA Mostly poor African Americans
S – CLASH OF GARVEY AND DUBOIS
Garvey criticized DuBois and NAACP Discouraged African
American pride, self-confidence
Attempts to break down barrier between blacks and whites threatened racial purity
DuBois and NAACP suspicious of Garvey and UNIA The Crisis published
an investigation FBI watched UNIA
closely 1923 – charged
Garvey with mail fraud
UNIA collapsed
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
First time living outside the South Racial pride and identity Drew black writers, thinkers, artists, musicians
S, I - THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
A blossoming of African American art and literature that began in the 1920’s
WRITERS AND POETS Before 1920’s, little African American
literature had been published 1924 – National Urban League sponsored a
dinner brining together publishers, editors and up and coming writers Propelled African American writers into the
mainstream The Crisis – outlet for African American
writers, artists and poets
I - THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE
I – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - WRITERS
Common themes: Black identity Common heritage Exploring a new world Resistance in the face of white prejudice Hope
I – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - WRITERS
James Weldon Johnson “Lift Every Voice and
Sing” Became NAACP
Anthem God’s Trombones
Claude McKay “If We Must Die”
Langston Hughes The Weary Blues
I – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - ARTISTS
William H. Johnson
I – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - ARTISTS
Into Bondage
Aspiration
Aaron Douglas
I – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - ARTISTS
BrownstonesTombstones
Migration of the Negro
Jacob Lawrence
New opportunities were created for stage performers during Harlem Renaissance Historically, black actors were not given serious
stage roles
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - PERFORMERS
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - PERFORMERS
Paul Robeson Famous stage, movie
performer Cast as lead character
in Shakespeare’s Othello
Performed in 1921 musical Shuffle Along All black cast
Many black performers had huge careers in Europe where black performers were more widely accepted
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - JAZZ
Harlem became the center for jazz
Jazz – blended musical forms of the South into new forms Improvisation No clear rules Spirited and creative
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - JAZZ
“If you have to ask what it is, you’ll never
know.”
– Louis Armstrong
Famous jazz musicians of the 1920’s: Louis Armstrong Cab Calloway Duke Ellington Fats Waller
Blues singer Bessie Smith
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - JAZZ Jazz scene centered around clubs like the Savoy
Ballroom and the Cotton Club Audiences made up of mostly white fans
Flocked to Harlem A wide cultural movement across U.S.
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - JAZZ
S – THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE - JAZZ
S – JAZZ
FOR NEXT CLASS…
Find out more about one thing we talked about today, write a one page paper about it DUE NEXT CLASS
Work on GSPRITE’s – due next Wednesday