1. 1936 OLYMPICS

2. The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event that was held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona, Spain, on 26 April 1931, at the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona (two years before the Nazis came to power). It marked the second and final time that the International Olympic Committee would gather to vote in a city which was bidding to host those Games. 3. Hitler saw the Games as an opportunity to promote his government and ideals of racial supremacy, and the official Nazi party paper wrote in the strongest terms that Jews and Black people should not be allowed to participate in the Games. However, when threatened with a boycott of the Games by other nations, he relented and allowed Black people and Jews to participate. 4. To outdo the Los Angeles games of 1932, Germany built a new 100,000-seat track and field stadium, six gymnasiums, and many other smaller arenas. They also installed a closed-circuit television system and radio network that reached 41 countries, with many other forms of expensive high-tech electronic equipment. Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, a favourite of Adolf Hitler, was commissioned by the German Olympic Committee to film the Games for $7 million. Her film, titled Olympia, pioneered many of the techniques now common in the filming of sports. 5. Hans von Tschammer und Osten, as Reichssportfhrer, i.e. head of the Deutscher Reichsbund fr Leibesbungen (DRL), the Reich Sports Office, played a major role in the structure and organisation of the Olympics. He promoted the idea that the use of sports would harden the German spirit and install unity among German youth. At the same time he also believed that sports was a "way to weed out the weak, Jewish, and other undesirables. 6. Von Tschammer trusted the details of the organisation of the games to Theodor Lewald and Carl Diem, the former president and secretary of the Deutscher Reichsausschuss fr Leibesbungen, the forerunner of the Reich Sports Office. Among Diem's ideas for the Berlin Games was the introduction of the Olympic torch relay between Greece and the host nation. 7. THE FAMOUS ATHLETE JESSIE OWENS 8. In 1936, Owens arrived in Berlin to compete for the United States in the Summer Olympics. Adolf Hitler was using the games to show the world a resurgent Nazi Germany.[6] He and other government officials had high hopes that German athletes would dominate the games with victories (the German athletes achieved a "top of the table" medal haul). Meanwhile, Nazi propaganda promoted concepts of "Aryan racial superiority" and depicted ethnic Africans as inferior. 9. Owens surprised many by winning four gold medals. On August 3, he won the 100m sprint with a time of 10.3s, defeating Ralph Metcalfe. On August 4, he won the long jump (later crediting friendly and helpful advice from Luz Long, the German competitor he ultimately defeated). On August 5, he won the 200m sprint with a time of 20.7s, defeating Mack Robinson. On August 9, Owens won his fourth gold medal in the 4x100 sprint. 10. Just before the competitions, Owens was visited in the Olympic village by Adi Dassler, the founder of the Adidas athletic shoe company. He persuaded Owens to use Gebrder Dassler Schuhfabrik shoes, the first sponsorship for a male African-American athlete. The long-jump victory is documented, along with many other 1936 events, in the 1938 film Olympia by Leni Riefenstahl.