INCO Teams Make Splendid ShowingSAILORS ARESNAPPY CREW

As far as INCOites are concerned, thisAllan Cup race has turned out to be prettymuch of a family affair. At no stop onthe long playdown trail will the excitementbe greater or the hockey more thrilling thanin this series between the two great INCOteams, Port Colborne of the sunny Southand Frood Mine of the rock-ribbed North.TENSE STRUGGLE

They're tied at 1-1 as we go to press,with one more game to play in their total-goal series. That first tangle, at CopperCliff March 15, was the closest, most tensematch the North has seen this season.Electing to play a strictly defensive brandof hockey with the hope of staging a suc-cessful offensive once they got Frood ontheir home ice, Port Colborne's Sailorsclosed up like a cluster of clams. Nabbinga one-goal advantage in the early stagesof the game, they packed an air-tight de-fence back of their own blue line and refusedto be drawn out by sly Froodian strategy.

Frood unleashed a terrific bombardment.Playing five men up for most of the thirdperiod, they turned on enough heat to meltthe Sailors' goalposts, but they couldn't meltthat cool and canny custodian in the PortColborne nets. Brownlee was superb. Hekicked out at least six shots that wouldhave gone for goals in any league fromNairn to New York. The one that beathim gave him absolutely no chance, withJim Dewey whipping home a fast pass fromKampman. The latter was the driving,speeding, wheeling, back-ebecking demon ofthe Frood attack. He could not have beendenied.GREEK MET GREEK

It was breathless hockey throughout.The irresistible force had at last met theimmovable object. Just what will result inthat second game, when Port Colborne comeout of their shells to seek a scoring ad-vantage, it's too difficult to guess. Andwhatever happens, INCOites will know thatwithin their own family are two of thefinest hockey machines in the Dominion.Whichever team wins the right to continueon the Allan Cup trail, both the Southernand the Northern divisions will he rightbehind it.

Sailors, new to Northern fans, were:Goal, Brownlee; defence, Morrison, Upper;centre, Reynolds; left wing, LaRoche; rightwing, Arnott; alternates, Runions, Wade,White, McGowan; sub-goalie, Forbes.JUNIORS HIT STRIDE

Copper Cliff Juniors, Memorial Cup

Frood Tigers , champions of the 1938-37 Nickel Belt Hockey League and , as Sudbury Tigers, N.O.H.A. champions and AllanCup prospects : back row, left to right, A. Lenore, trainer ; Red Stuart, coach; Red Geddes, Jim Dewey, Murphy Chamberlain , GeorgeHustle, Bingo Kampman, Don Grosso , J. Atkinson, rubber; Harry Towns , manager; front row , left to right, Dave Kemp, Jules Cho-lette, Frank Lavigne , Steve Coniek, Frank Graham, Charlie Teno.

hopes, seemed to have finally hit theirscoring stride at Timmins the same nightbrood and the Sailors were fighting to adeadlock. After beating Timmins Juniorsat Stanley Stadium the week before, 5-3 ina mediocre game, the Cliffites in the returngame at Timmins romped away with an11-2 decision, to win the round and theJunior N.O.H.A. title 16-5. Southern On-tario observers who have followed theseason's play down there, are calling CopperCliff for the Memorial Cup without anyhesitation. But there's many a slip 'twixtthe Cup and the lip. At any rate, the smeltertown entry, with that 11-2 triumph, effec-tively silenced its critics and justified itssupporters.

To loyal supporters in the AthleticAssociations of the different plants, tomanagers, and to coaches, the spectacularshowing of each INCO team in its class isa source of pride. It's a long and expensiveseason, is hockey, but the thrill of pro-ducing three clubs of championship calibreis a splendid achievement.

Your Lawn MAKE IT LOVELYTHIS SUMMER

By C. D. FERGUSON , Copper Cliff

The fundamentals of lawn culture arethe same in the Sudbury district as any-where in Ontario. That is, for the produc-tion of a good lawn one must have a welldrained, fertile soil, which should be culti-vated to form a friable seed bed and thenseeded with first grade seed of the best turfforming grasses.

The lawn must then be maintained, withconstant attention being paid to mowing,fertilizing and watering. However, due tothe rigors of our Winter and Spring weather,and the natural lack of fertility in our soils,the details of cultural practices which areapplicable to southern Ontario are not ap-plicable here. Some of the more desirablegrasses are not hardy here. More frequentapplications of fertilizer are necessary andthe re-seeding of thin and killed out areaswith the scattering of seed and a merescratch with a rake is not successful here.As the people in Copper Cliff and otherINCO towns have always taken a keen in-terest in growing grass, a few notes outlin-ing the cultural practices that have giventhe best results here may be helpful.DURING DORMANT SEASON

Let us first consider the care of theestablished lawn during the dormant season.Many people fail to realize that the grass re-quires some attention during the Winter andthat the careless habit of forming paths inthe snow over lawns and parks very often

(Continued on Page S)v corner, attraenvety

occupied.

Keen Competition forNew First Aid Trophies

QWith Thursday evening, March 25, tenta-

tively set as the date for the final show-down, hand-picked teams from Coniston,Creighton, Copper Cliff and Frood are beinggroomed for the first annual test for thehandsome new R. D. Parker Shield, em-blematic of the Inter-Plant First Aid Cham-pionship.

Never before in the history of INCOFirst Aid work has interest been at a keen-er pitch than this year. Inter-Department-al competitions, recently inaugurated in allfour plants, wound up March 16, and allwere hotly contested, with the snappy newshields donated by P. F. McDonald and H.J. Mutz at stake.

CHAMPIONSHIP TEAMSInter-Departmental champions have been

declared as follows:Coniston : (P. F. McDonald Shield), Elec-

tric Shop, W. Evershed, capt., W. McKee,A B. Sabourin, R. Duncan.

Creighton : (H. J. Mutz Shield), Surfaceand Shops, H. Stephenson, R. Pascoe, G.Carpenter, V. Lesjac (substitute recruitedfrom No. 3 Shaft team).

Copper Cliff : (P. F. McDonald Shield),Converter Bldg., T. Gladstone, capt., E. Law-son, W. Trotter, N. Crawford, T. Corn-thwaite (spare).

Frond : (H. J. Mutz Shield), 12-S Shift, G.Andrew, W. MacCoy, L. Sliter, C. Couzens.

The Inter-Department Shields are for an-nual competition, but the winning teamsmay be challenged after three months fromthe date of winning or. last defending it. Thedepartment holding the trophy must defendit if challenged. The trophy may not passfrom one department to another by default.In the event of the department holding thetrophy being unable to field a team to meeta challenge, the Safety Engineer may ap-point a department to defend it.

CLOSE CONTESTBy a margin of half a point the Electric

Shop earned its triumph at Coniston, Trans-portation being right on its heels. A largeand appreciative audience was at the NickelClub to watch the contest. Other teams tak-ing part were:

Transportation : H. Patterson (capt.), R.Gustin, L. Gauthier, A. Halverson.

Stevenson 's Shift : E. Albert (capt.), J.Ismay, J. Forestall, O. E. Laporte.

McMullen's Shift : F. J. Cresswell (rapt.),W. Easton, N. Todosichuk, J. Williams.

Geoffrey's Shift : K. Montgomery (capt.),R. Morehead, C. Chezzie, C. Squires.

(Continued on Page 5)

Dates Fixed forInter-Plant Bridge

Postponed so as not to clash with play-down hockey dates , the series of threeInter-Plant bridge competitions will bestaged at Memorial Community Hail, Cop-per Cliff, on the evenings of March 3t1.April 13, and April 27.

Teams of six couples from each plantwill be entered, and cash prizes will beawarded the two highest-scoring coupleson each evening 's play. At the end of theseries the team with the highest aggregatescore will receive a handsome trophy re-cently donated by E. A. Collins of CopperCliff for semi-annual Inter-Plant bridgecompetition.

Captains of the teams are: Creigh-ton, V. Tremblay ; Copper Cliff, C. B.Dorian; Refinery , Wm. Stesco; Coniston,F. G. Murphy; Frood, T. Fee. Refereeof the tournament will be Gordon Harryof Copper Cliff, whose decisions shall befinal.

SHIFT LOOPSFULL OF PEP

A three-cornered playoff for Inter-Planthockey supremacy and possession of theCochrane-Dunlop tankard, will probably bearranged by the time this issue of Triangleis off the press.

Copper Cliff and Refinery are both wind-ing up very successful shift and inter-dept.league schedules; Coniston has already de-clared a winner. When the representativeteams of these three sporting hotbeds aretossed into cup playdowns,i thle resultshould be cyclonic, to say the least.SHOPS CONISTON CHAMPS

Shift and inter-dept. hockey at all threeplants has gone great guns this season. Con-iston's league wound up March 8 with athrilling playdown series in which one-goalmargins were all that stood between victorand vanquished. In the sudden-death semi-final March 2, Day Shift nosed out Steven-son Shift 4-3 for the right to meet Shops in

(Continued on Page 8)

V age 2

Port Colborne

ST Now that winter is gone, the boys arethinking of where to spend the week's vaca-tion with pay. Shall it be in the big citywith rich Aunt Sue, or on the farm withUncle Ned where meals are meals.¶ Fred Bacon (exponent of the art of mak-ing cathode boxes), and his wife are plan-ing to visit his 80-year-young mother inBlighty after an absence of 20 years. Fredexpects to see some of the nickel alloys onthe Queen Mary on the trip from New York.It will be a family reunion and Fred wantsto see his mother while she is still hale andhearty; she reads without glasses and walksto church every Sunday, weather permitting.He expects to be in England for the corona-tion, but has not yet reserved his seat InWestminster Abbey. On the way back Mr.and Mrs. Bacon intend to visit their son inMontreal.

¶ Eli Kiviaho, of Creighton, and the wolvesmust take a back seat to pugilist Tommy(Biscuits) Christie, bushman from the Soo(not Zoo) and trained by none other thanJim Curran of the. Soo Star, of wolf storyfame. Tommy's fame this time is as a run-ner; jack rabbits are slow in comparison.While casting his eagle eye over the base-ment of the Electro Bldg. (and by casting,bear in mind there is a space of a ten acrefield over which to do your casting) he sawwhat at first he took for a cat, but uponcloser inspection proved to be a jack rab-bit. The chase was on, around the pillars,between the tanks, over the gutters, withthe pipe fitters bringing up the rear andsoon dropping out. Biscuits ran the rab-bit to exhaustion but was unintentionallyrobbed of his capture when Lee Cupp ap-peared on the scene. The rabbit ran intoLee's hands in a state of collapse. Examina-tion by Doctor Booker pronounced death dueto over-exertion. Let Eli beware. To chase

the Yard in first place and the Office teamin second place.¶ Such interest has been shown in thePlant Hockey League that the Ontario Re-finery Athletic Association have found Itnecessary to lengthen the schedule, whichhad been originally planned. Shops andPower, pre-season favorites, have won alltheir games and stand firmly entrenched infirst place. Yard & Casting combine andthe Office-Laboratory crew are battlingstrongly for second place and the right tomeet Shops-Power for the C. H. Aldrichtrophy. Tank House, Silver Refinery andAcid Plants lone win against the Office-Lab-oratory team on March 6th has resulted inthe announcement of a "grudge" match tobe played at the end of the schedule for achicken and spaghetti dinner, losers payingall.

TEAM STANDING Goals Goals

Team Won Lost For Against Pt%.

Shops & Power 4 0 22 5 8Office & Lab. 2 2 14 19 4Casting & Yard 2 3 16 26 4Tank House 1 4 13 15 2

Frood

¶ Wed in Sudbury on February 13 wereNora Smith, of London, Ont., and Cyril"Tiger" Meadows of Frood football fame.

¶ New Froodians: On February 24, to Mr.and Mrs. George B. Sullivan, a daughter,Mary Kathleen; to Mr. and Mrs. C. B."Chuck" Crane, on February 22, a daughter.

¶ Ontario's cross-country ski champion-ship was brought to Frood last month byLauri Tulkku, who slid across the finish lineat North Bay two minutes ahead of his near-est rival despite the fact that twice during

a jack rabbit to-well, say "Eternity"-is anachievement that takes some beating.tT Robert Merrill, popular hockey star,howler, and soft ball player, has crossed hislast blue line. He came to Port Colbornefrom Collingwood in 1927 and to the NickelPlant in October 1928. He was one of thebest goal-getters ever to propel pucks on aPort Colborne team. He played in Junior,Intermediate and Senior O.H.A. with suchstars as Apps, Thorns, Olliver, McGowan,Kaminsky and others. On March 1, heand his partner were operating a bridgecrane in the tank room of the Electro Dept.The crane was being moved onto the strip-ping platform. and he had removed the sate=ty guards, and signalled the crane ahead.In some unknown manner he stepped be-tween the crane and the platform and wascrushed. He leaves a wife and two smallsons and a widowed mother. The family willbe financially provided for by The Work-men's Compensation Board pension and theGroup insurance policy of the company.

¶ A new visitor, baby Jean, arrived at thehome of Mr. and Mrs. Ronald Clayton.¶ Louis Concessi, anode mould wrestler,and lanky right wing player of the seniorhockey team, had the misfortune to break aleg at hockey practice a few evenings ago.This will keep him out of the game for theremainder of the season.

IT Joe Gal sustained a fractured arm whenhit with a sledge hammer while working onNo. 4 furnace.¶ Two of our younger employees havebeen attending classes in Guelph re nurseryproblems, under the tutelage of trained at-tendants. If you have any horticulture ques-tions take them to Frank Noble or FrankHeard and they will give you a Frankanswer.

IT Speed, plus! This time it is Cy. Minorrunning to get a part for R. C. McQuire's carand Jack Spencer dashing out of the mach-ine shop to the shears at the Electrolytic.Result terrific head-on collision.

¶ It is contended that it takes 65 musclesto make a frown, and only 13 to smile. Let'stake the easy way and smile.¶ Fred Davies tried his luck again at thefistic game, but as before he was left smil-ing at the moon. Fred claims he was upat the count of nine but the referee was inhigh gear and the bout was all over in thesecond round. The suggestion has againbeen put forward to get the football helmet.

Refinery

¶ G. A. McFarlane returned recently froma vacation trip by 'plane to sunny Califor-nia. He reported flying over the devastatedflood area in the midwestern United States.IT Mr. and Mrs. "Russ" Hewgill left March6th for a vacation cruise to the West Indies.¶ D. A. Betts of the Tellurium Plant at-tended the Ontario Agricultural College re-union at Guelph on February 5th.¶ Born: To Mr. and Mrs, "Reg." Hiscock,on February 3rd, a son, John.¶ A recent addition to the mighty clan ofRefinery "duck hunters" was made on Jan-uary 31st by the birth of a 71 lb. son, PeterAlexander, to Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Cross-grove. "Alex" reports that Peter's trainingas a hunter will start this Fall.¶ Interplant bowling in competition forthe A. C. Kerr trophy suffered a temporaryset-back due to the keen interest in the dis-trict's hockey schedule. Games In the secondhalf have now been resumed, however, with

he race his ski h7a-rTftM1!ke.afid he ha40 waste precious minutes stopping to

Ever since he could see over the door -

Finland, Lauri has been loping thither andyon on skis. Cross-country titles he's heldsince coming to Canada 10 years ago: Vik-ing Ski Club, Montreal; St. Maurice Valley;Laurentian; Province of Quebec; Provinceof Ontario. Lauri is 33 years old, and trainssteadily for his favorite sport by runningand walking the three miles from home tohis job at the Frood. February 27 he gavean excellent account of himself in theDominion Championships at Banff, althoughhe had to race under the colors of the Hunts-ville Club because Frood A. A. Is not affil-iated with the Canadian Ski Association.

IT As we go to press George Simpson'sFrood Tigers are making lots of hay in theSudbury Broomball League. Many of themfootballers anxious to get into condition forthe coming season, the Tigers are playingtheir first year of broomball, but have reach-ed the semi-finals of a hotly contested sche-dule. In the first semi-final match againstCreosote they won out, 1-0, Reg. Sindenbanging home the pigskin for the only tallyof the set-to. Some of the footballers on theTiger lineup are: Capt. Dick Waide, AndyRaine, Angus McDonald, Bill Campbell, Sam,Perch, and Bill Grassam, Alex Gray, JohnnyLindsay, and Taffy Davis. The team is bol-stered with other stars like A] Brady, John-ny Wozno, Wilburn Herman, Bill LaPierre,Bill Ruff, and others. The other Frood entryin the Broomball League, Aces, under thelead of "Shinny" Shinbein and recruitedchiefly from surface, did not fare so well inthe schedule but put up many a hot argu-ment.

(T Still good for a giggle is the story aboutLord Tweedsmuir's recent inspection trip tothe Frood. While he was there, someone'phoned the Frood and asked if LordTweedsmuir were underground. "What's hisnumber and what level does he work on?"queried the Froodian who took the call.¶ Back on the job as a powderman atFrond is Frank Stack, speed demon of theice lanes. During his month of barnstormingin the U. S. this year, Frank won the PaulBunyan International Championship at Bem-iji, Minn.; tied with Marvin Swenson for theMinneapolis Silver Skates Derby, duringwhich he equalled the world's record for 220yards and skated a close second to Swenson

when the latter hung up a new world'srecord for th

iwe rA4W,lt1ie North American

hampionship at St. Paul; won the NorthAmerican Outdoor Championship at SaranacLake; picked up two trophies and 22 medalsto add to his huge collection of prizes.Crowds of anywhere up to 100,000 turn upfor these contests, Frank says, going on togive a word picture of the Minneapolis Sil-ver Skates event, which is staged on a beau-tiful artificial lake in the city's largestplayground, Powder Horn Park. Natural Ice,planed to perfect smoothness, beckons about3,000 contestants. The track is oblong, sixlaps to the mile, and the spectators fill thebleacher-like terraces on the surroundinghills. After the long weeding-out process inthe elimination events, the finals are reach-ed. Every contestant must skate seven racesin the finals--220 yds., 440 yds., 880 yds.,I mi., 1 mi., 2 mi., 5 mi. When the last heatis in, they count up the points and dish out

when a gun was accidentally discharged.

as "dry man" at No, 3 Sham [jqf h1i t1 1holds. Loss of the limb did not affect hisardour for sports or his ability to take partIn them. He swims, skis, fishes and hunts,and draws big dividends of happiness fromhis cozy camp on Bass Lake near FairbanksLake, where our photo shows him wieldingthe scythe on a fine crop of sapolio tomato-ensis. Mike was married in 1918, and hasone son, Tauno, who is also on the Creightonforce, a rock-picker.

¶ Recent Creighton newcomers: to Mr. andMrs. Robert Seawright, on February 7, ason; to Mr. and Mrs. John Campeau, onFebruary 11, a son, Bernard Francis.

Copper Cliffthe medals and silver skates.

¶ George Merette's high-powered hockey j IT That vacationdelight by every INCO

withemployee, but to none

machine from 2950 and 3100 levels took on has it brought greater thrills than to Galiano2400 level and trimmed them 6-0 A oodg.crowd of rooters turned out to watch thefray. Any other level which would like tohurl out a challenge should get in touchwith George.

IF, Lefty Esbaugh, we hear, can't sleepmuch these nights, what with the old base-ball bug starting to bite. So spring must bejust around the corner.¶ After two-and-a-half years with theFrood safety department, W. E. Bawden leftlast month to become resident manager atLake Geneva, the lead-zinc operation about35 miles west of Sudbury. Foster Todd takesup his duties.fT George Fleming, who was standing tim-ber below ground, is now placing it onplates and tracings in the Engineering Dept.Tom Patching is another underground re-cruit on the Development staff. Tom can beincluded in the "peaceful penetration fromthe West." Harry McGowan, formerly ofthe Efficiency Dept. and then a relievingshift boss, is now at Matachewan, Bill Har-graves of the Engineering staff is now stopeboss on 2600. And the first sod for BertSouche's new house has been turned.¶ STOP PRESS: Born, January 23, to Mr.and Mrs. Andy Smith, twins, boy (6 lbs. 4oz.) and girl (6 lbs. 2 oz.). First twins atFrood this year, unless we're mistaken. Andyis on 2200 level.IT If you've, run across strange new blue-clad, silver-buttoned forms around the Froodyard in the past few weeks, charge it upto changes in the policing personnel. StewartLane, who hails from the lower levels of themine, Is one of the new coppers. GeorgeDewey, Art Miron, and Bill Currie, whocome from Copper Cliff smelter, along withS. F. Ramsay of Refinery, are other new-comers. Another recent arrival is E. J.Cleland, former member of the Ontario Pro-vincial Police, who did duty down aroundNorth-Bay.,_and, Cs4lendai and -is 'an -author..Ity on the habits and customs of quintup-lets. A familiar face now missed fromthe patrolling squad is that of ThomasMahon. A lad of extremes, Tommy pre-fers to be either 2800 feet overhead in anaeroplane, his favorite off-hour sport, or 2800feet underground when he's working. Sohe's forsaken the blue and silver uniform fora block-hole machine down below.¶ Powerful smashing and nifty workaround the net carried Joe Ebey to theNickel District's men's singles badmintonchampionship in the open tournament con-cluded March 10 at Memorial CommunityHall. He defeated Fummerton, ace of theEmpire Club, In the final. Another out-standing INCOite in the tourney was CharlieMichener, of Copper Cliff, whose victoryover Gauthier, of St. Louis Club, In anexciting match was one of the features.

Crei' h ton

¶ A familiar figure in the "dry" at No. 3Shaft is Mike Sochoski, to whom the loss ofa leg in a hunting accident some years agoproved no serious handicap as far as hisenjoyment of life is concerned. Mike cameto Creighton in 1916, at the age of 23, afterspending four years in Western Canada.He started here as a mucker on 10 level,and later graduated to a piston machine. In1919 he worked in No. 3 Shaft, during the

levels. On October 25, 1931, while out hunt-ing deer near Trout Lake, about 30 milesfrom Sudbury, with seven others, he hadthe misfortune to have his right leg shot off

Orasi and Mel Fullerton, Copper Cliff fitters.Last year these two drove with C. E.Lockhart to his home at Middleton, NewBrunswick, right beside the sounding sea,and during the holiday got their first flingat deep-sea fishing. Three or four milesout from shore they'd putt-putt in theirmotor-boat, always watching the tide, anddrop about a mile of line with a couple ofhooks on it. In no time at all there'd be acod to argue with-a big, fighting, threshingfellow of perhaps 45 pounds. And if a dog-fish, like a small shark, didn't grab off theircatch before they hauled it in, the 20 min-utes of ensuing struggle was something thatthrilled them stiff, but raised plenty of

n their hands:RF'halibpt or .fearsome

catch beautiful glimpses oh- a's

whitecaps far off the shore. Between fish-ing trips they'd roam the lovely countryside,and one day posed for the accompanyingsnap with a picturesque team of oxen. Thissummer they plan to return to New Bruns-wick, probably in June, and Galiano swearsby the beard of the prophet that he'll havea crack at a swordfish if he gets the chance.He's on the right in the picture, wearingan Orford Aces sweater.¶ Experience proved an expensive teacherfor "Ben Hur" Heglar, Mining EngineeringDepartment. Stranded in Coniston one nightwhen he missed the last bus after payingwhat he lightly terms a social call, he hadto hoof it the eight miles Into Sudbury, andgot home at 3.30 a.m. Next day he boughta car.

Signalizing his 45 years of highly valuedservice to Copper Cliff churches and choirs,W. J. "Cap" Hambley was the recipient ofa handsome hymn book in a brief presenta-tion at the United Church February 21.Mayor Collins made the presentation.¶ From 1919 to 1925 Father Fawcett wasin charge of his church's Copper Cliff parish,and during that time endeared himself to allwith his kindly counsel and his quiet gener-osity. Deeply regretted was his death atSault Ste. Marie in February.¶ Determined to master the deeper myster-ies of bridge, Mae Forsyth went to Sudbury,bought a copy of a book on the game bya well-known authority. Picture his embar-rassment when he landed back at the Engin-eers' Club and his pals pointed out with Ill-concealed glee that the volume was aboutauction bridge, not contract.¶ Two Copper Cliff entries made theirpresence felt in the annual Sudbury bonspielof the Northern Ontario Curling Association.Early winners in the schedules were SkipJ. L. Hudson and his men-J. Morrison(lead), K. Madill (second), J. Spalding (vice-skip)-but they did not manage to reachthe jewelry in any event. The Jordan rink,on the other hand, dropped its openinggames and then settled into stride to copthird prize in the Consolation event. WithSkip Jordan were P. Bregman (lead), R. S.Young (second), R. LePage (vice-skip). Theybrought home sides of bacon.¶ To the boys on Bowman's shift at theconcentrator Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Sirkka (neeHelen L. Kenttala), and Mr. and Mrs.Samuel Nodwell (nee Sadie McNab) extendsincere appreciation for wedding gifts ofhandsome silver tea services.¶ The concentrator bowling league is allhopped up as we go to press. The powerfulEvan Jones quintet turned on the juice todefeat Boehmer's team and make a three-cornered tie possible as the league headsdown the home stretch.¶ Garfield Foy, of the Parlee shift, form-erly of Westmeath, was united in marriage

(Continued on Page 7)

en. poker chips, cigarette bones , beads,paper weights or c1otk dials and cases.

11A 1.1 it 1!1: : 73'obttFhed for all emploveea of The international

Nickel Company of Canwls, Limited.EI)ITVit I , L OFFICE COPPER CLIFF, ONT.

' ^' ' 'IMn \1 .^

Heroes of Min i n< I

Probably in no other great indus-try is there waged. a more vigorouscampaign to safeguard its men thanin the mineral industry of Canada.Yet, despite all precautions, therearise from time to time those inexor-able emergencies when men, to saveothers from injury or death, mustrisk their own lives.

Then men take those risks instinc-tively, valiantly, heedless of the cost,and with no least thought of praiseor of reward.

Almost 20 years ago E. A. Collins,of Copper Cliff, urged that the Cana-dian Institute of Mining and Metal-lurgy cite and acclaim such acts ofheroism. Finally, in 1933, the Insti-tute approved donation of medals forthe purpose, which have been award-ed annually since. Representativeswere appointed from each province toat as a committee for the selectioneach year of the most outstandingdeed of valor among miners ofCanada.

First winner of the Medal for Brav-ery was Patrick Meehan, who, withhis helper, had lighted the fuses fora round of shots in a stope of the Cen-tral Manitoba mine. The time wasabout 6.30 a.m. As they were leav-ing the stope the helper fell from theladder and was stunned. Their lightswere extinguished. Meehan then cameto the rescue and while he was en-deavoring to lift Carlson, to carryhim up the ladderway, the first shotexploded. The helper was saved fromthe flying rock and sustained only afew injuries. Meehan was moreseverely injured, receiving cuts in theback of his head, neck, back and legs.Regardless of these injuries, Meehan,at the risk of his own life, succeededin carrying the man to the levelabove.

This month at the annual meetingof the Canadian Institute in Montreal,Medals for Bravery were presented tothree more heroes, John Leja, JamesClark, and Chas. P. O'Dale, of LakeShore Mines.

At the end of the shift on March26, 1936, Leja, the runner, and O'Con-nor, a timberman, were in the act oflighting a round of 14 slash holeswhen a premature blast occurredafter 12 of the fuses had been lit.

Clark and O'Dale were at anotherbreast about 70 feet away, waitingfor Leja and O'Connor to finish. Theyheard a shot and a cry for help. With-out regard to their own safety andwith no assurance of the time at theirdisposal, they rushed over to findO'Connor temporarily blinded, withfine particles of rock and dust in botheyes, lying on the top mining floor ofthe stope, where he had been knockedby the concussion.

Leja, although having both ear-drums punctured and a severed ten-don above the elbow, as well as mul-tiple puncture wounds on the armsand body, crawled back from themucking floor below, to which he hadbeen knocked down, and was in theact of helping O'Connor when Clarkand O'Dale arrived. Leja could easilyhave saved himself and escaped fromthe stope without danger to himselfwhile on the mucking floor, but heelected to help his partner.

The three men, Leja, Clark, andO'Dale, assisted O'Connor to the man-way, a distance of some 12 feet fromthe slash, passing directly in front ofthe remaining holes, which were litand ready to go off. Clark, aftermaking sure that O'Connor was safe-ly in the manway below the muckingfloor, made his way out of the stopefor assistance, leaving the other twoto see O'Connor through to the level,a distance of some 50 feet. AlthoughO'Connor had regained consciousnessat this time, he was unable to be ofany assistance to himself.

1t;g^y he INCO TRIANGLE

Reginald Stewart , great Canadian concert 4W ano pper CliffClub on February 19, and once more delighted its memlWl with his m ieianship. Butthe above cartoon, from the droll pen of Fred Cowling, of Copper Cliff, should bringsome discomfiture to the columnist of the Toronto Telegram who wrote in the issue ofFebruary 19: "Tonight Reginald Stewart Is giving a concert for the miners way up inCopper Cliff. This will be the third time he has played for them, and he is making thestopover on his way home from a tour of the West, We were chatting yesterday aboutthe music club which has been formed for miners in the North, and their enthusiasmand eagerness for good music is most touching. Few of them have had much chance tobear worthwhile composers and Net their favorite program is one which has somethingof Bach , Mozart, and a modern group of Debussy , and Ravel ..."

NICKEL ... AND ITS USES"FOR BETTER LIVING"

.... that's the ideal of the chemical industry of which nickelis an unobtrusive but invaluable ally

"There is nothing new under the sun,"said Old King Solomon, but today he couldnot make such a statement and keep hisreputation for being wise. Of course Inhis own time he was probably right, butthen he did not know about such things asmodern synthetic plastics which are provid-ing mankind with absolutely new materials.He did not even know about nickel, plati-num and rhodium which are important Inthe production of plastics.

PRODIGIES OF SCIENCEThese plastics are-among.-the - newest of

the things the descendants of the ancientalchemists have created, and, some peoplebelieve they rank with the most remarkableproducts of science . Until a relatively fewyears ago civilization had to depend on thematerials which nature has provided fromtime immemorial-on stone, clay, metals, thehides and other parts of animals and theproducts of plants. But now it is possibleto take various unlikely looking chemicalsand make strong, light, hard, handsomematerials which can be formed into a mul-titude of shapes ranging from ornamentalbuttons to gears for certain types ofmachinery.

The story of the plastics is an interestingone. It is especially interesting to us whowork and refine the copper-nickel ores ofnorthern Ontario, for it shows how nickel isperforming another unobtrusive and valu-able service for mankind and how two ofthe precious platinum metals in the ores areplaying an important part in industry.

FIND 'EM EVERYWHERETake the toothbrush you used this morn-

ing-the handle was almost certainly madeof a plastic. The top of the toothpastetube, your fountain pen, the top of the gearshift and the buttons on your automobiledashboard, insulating parts of your radioand perhaps the radio cabinet, your comb-all these things may be made of plastics.And they are only the beginning of a longlist of items which make people who oughtto know believe that there Is a marvellousfuture for these new materials.

How important nickel is in the manufac-ture of plastics can be seen by observingthe production of the bright colored phenolicresins, which belong to the most importantplastic family. These are made out ofphenol, better known as a combination ofcarbolic acid, which is commonly used as anantiseptic (as in Lysol), and formaldehyde,which is also used as an antiseptic and asa preservative in hospitals and laboratories.Phenol, In turn, is made from coal tar, anoil and coal distillation product, so nickelenters the picture right at the beginning be-cause nickel alloys are highly important inrefining oil and in manufacturing coal tar.NICKEL PROTECTION

The phenol which goes into the bright,clear colored plastics, moreover, must beextremely pure and free from rust and otherharmful metallic contamination. Hence it isredistilled in pure nickel equipment and itis shipped in nickel-lined tank cars, fittedwith nickel heating coils. These heatingcoils make the phenol liquid, when the carsare emptied. Nickel is the material chosenbecause nickel will not contaminate phenoland Is not weakened by the corrosiveness ofphenol.

From the tank cars the phenol is pumpedInto storage tanks made of nickel or nickel-clad steel and capable of holding from eightto twelve thousand gallons. It is then pump-ed through a nickel pipe line into a purenickel steam-jacketed kettle, where it is

mixed with the formaldehyde. Not onlythe strength and corrosion resistance ofnickel are important In this tank, but theready heat transfer properties of the metalare also valuable , for the mixture is heldrear the boiling point for from ten to 20hours during which a catalyst assists In theprocess . Incidentally water which is givenoff during the process is drawn from thekettle in a pure nickel condenser fitted withnickel tubes.

'COLORS ARE ADDED. When -the mixture- Is cocked ; -no to spunk;

it is drawn out of the kettle through a purenickel valve into small, pure nickel castingpots, from which it is poured into leadmolds. At this point the material hasbeen transformed from two unlikely lookingchemicals into phenolic resin;-the colors,if any are desired, are added in the steam-jacketed kettle.

The rest of the process is very similar tothat used in casting and machining metals.The phenolic resin is either cast into roughcastings which are later machine finishedinto such delicate objects as bracelets, orknife handles, or is cast into rods, bars,sheets and the usual forms which can beturned or cut into the desired finished pro-

Or, the plastic can be used to make var-nish, which is cooked in monel kettles andwhich has good color and clarity gap>yty' bit--cause It was kept pure by being manufactur-?d Jn n%kelh anA nle^el lljJc ' .eiq\ti^lnen

OLDER PLASTICSWhile the phenolic resins can be consid-

ered at least as important as any of theplastics, they are by no means the oldest.One of the oldest type is Celluloid, or, inmore technical terms, cellulose nitrate,which is made from cotton linters treatedwith nitric and sulphuric acid. Gun cot-ton is made the same way, and this explainsthe fact that cellulose nitrate is rapidly los-ing the ground it gained by being the firstsynthetic plastic in the field. It burns withterrific speed and Ignites very easily. Still,a good many things, including a great dealof movie film, are made of this material,and it is Interesting to note that most syn-thetic nitric acid is produced with the aidof considerable nickel equipment and withplatinum-rhodium catalysts,

These catalysts are screens made out ofan alloy of platinum and rhodium. They actthrough some strange force to make nitro-gen-though they do not enter Into the re-action themselves. In other words they arelike a coach on the bench, who does notenter the game but still has a great deal todo with his team's success.

Other plastics are cellulose acetate, whichis very much like cellulose nitrate but doesno' burn easily and can be used for suchthings as safety movie film; Plaskon, whichis made from nitrogen and carbolic acid andis made into the same sort of things asphenolic resin is; Casein, which is made ofmilk and formaldehyde, and others whichare still newer.NICKEL IN AT FINISH

Thus in the production of plastics, nickelis used because it is clean and does not dis-color the ingredients which go into the lightcolored plastics, just as it is used to assurethe purity of soap. Moreover, nickel is usedin even more unobtrusive ways to producethe plastics, for steel alloyed with small per-centages of nickel provides dies and machin-ery parts which are strong, hard and toughand possess some corrosion resistance. Thistype of material also lends itself to themanufacturing processes uses in producingfine dies.

Recently one of the world's leadingchemical engineers described the ideal ofhis industry as "better living through chem-istry." In achieving this better living, nickelis playing an Inconspicuous but neverthelessimportant part.

Piled Moulds inThe Wrong Manner

Near a holding furnace at Copper Cliffone day recently, an employee had madetwo piles of copper moulds, six moulds ineach pile.

While he was placing a cable around onepile for the crane to move it, the other pileslid and fell, one of the 600-lb. moulds strik-ing him on the right leg and fracturing thefibula. He will be off work from six toeight weeks.

The practice of piling moulds In thismanner Is wrong. They should he handledsingly,

s, New aersey ofs p ^n^of pure nickel, the only metal which leaves the. catalin free of an gy Processing con-tamination Three of the 18 kettles are shown above , and the making of cataltn is"described In the accompanying article.

ARCH, 1937

Within tho INC () THIANI T F

^^ ``.Si.gy S t`" Is Fleure Skat^^nGeorge Daley, ace sports columnist on

the New York Herald-Tribune staff, wrote

last year: "Figure skating, as expressed bythe ice carnival in Madison Square Garden

over the last few days, is nothing short offascinating. In all my life nothing In theway of entertainment has been moreappealing to me. The Carnival is a vividdramatization of elegance, beauty, grace,dash; daring, and almost everything whichappeals to human senses."

Figure skating was first Introduced IntoCanada in 1875 at Halifax. In 1924 it becamepart of the official Olympic program.

NO "SISSY" SPORTDividends of health, grace of movement,

and the fact that it seems to set up no agelimit for its devotees, are part of its lure,and it is sweeping the country with itspopular appeal. Girls seldom need per-suasion to take to it. Boys sometimes shyfrom it, thinking it a "sissy" sport. They

do not realize that to compete for severalhours in figure skating's school figures, orfor several minutes on a modern programof acrobatic jumps and spins, requires thestamina of a wrestler , the timing andmuscular control of a boxer or acrobat, thespeed of a fast hockey player, and the graceof a dancer.

Copper Cliff's figure skating club, org-anized last year with an enrolment of 75,is showing a steady increase in membership,interest, and talent. If it keeps up thepresent pitch of enthusiasm, it can expectin time to become one of the country'sleading figure skating centres.

COPPER CLIFF CLUBSome of the members, photographed

above for Triangle in February, are:Left to right, top row: G. Valin, E. H.

Rose, W. Lawson, C. O. Maddock, J.Winckler, J. Coleman, R. Gray, S. S. Mac-farlane.

Second row: W. Ripley, A. Small, M.

Brains, Brawn, BeautyThree Big Frood Assets

"All that glitters is not goals," to para- I the middle of the ice and cried like a child.

phrase the old expression.No deprecating a team, of course, but

winning the Swenson Cup and the right to

seek Allan Cup honors takes something elsebesides galloping out there on the fee andpumping the old tapestry full of pucks.

So, when Frood fans salute their 1937championship team, they're not forgettingthe figures behind the scenes-the coach, thebuffer, and the manager.

For effectiveness and results, the famousforward line of Faith, Hope, and Charity cantake a leaf or two from the book of thesethree Froodian creators of co-operation-Brains, Brawn, and Beauty.

"Brains" of the Frood squad is quiet,unostentatious Red Stuart, coach, andbuilder of the plays that have carried histeam to the Nickel Belt title and honorsfarther afield.

A PRO. AT 20Christened William R., and born February

1, 1900, at Sackville, N.B., Red played pondand school hockey as a prelude to a color-ful career. In 1919 he got his first taste ofimportant victory when he travelled with

Amherst Ramb-lers to the cham-pionship of Cum-berland County(Nova Scotia).Then in 1920 hemade the jumpstraight Into big-time pro stuff,signing up withFrank Carroll onToronto St. Pats,and spending thefirst season onthe bench watch-ing Cleghorn andthe lads cavortingabout. Carroll didsend him in forthe last game ofthe Stanley Cup

ainst Ottawa. Thelatter had lads like Benedict, Gerard, Nigh-bor, Broadbent, and Denneny, and there wasno stopping their march to titular laurels.

In 1921 Red slid into a regular defenceberth with St. Pats. There were usuallyeight or nine men dressed for a game, anda fellow often went 60 minutes unless hetook a penalty to get a rest. Alongside Redwas Harry Cameron, whom Red thinks wasthe fastest breaker yet in hockey. He scored17 or 18 goals in 24 games. Others with St.Pats were Ken Randall, Reg Noble, BabeDay (who never had to look at the net tounleash that terrific drive of his right onthe button), Dr. Rod Smylie, and CorbettDenneny (who in 1918 in the Stanley Cupseries at Vancouver scored the winning goalin overtime of the seventh gruelling game,and was so exhausted he sat right down in

WON STANLEY CtIPSt. Pats that year reached the Stanley

Cup finals against Vancouver. The serieswas played In Toronto. W1hen the fourthgame came up, Randall and Cameron ofSt. Pats were out with Injuries, so Van-couver, leading two games to one, magna-nimously agreed to let Toronto Import EddieGerard from Ottawa. With Hockey's No. 1defence player on their line-up, St. Patswon the next two matches 6-0 and 7-1,scoring 13 straight goals on "Eagle Eye"'Hughie Lehman before Vancouver got acounter.

So Red Stuart was a Stanley Cupper.He stayed with Toronto In 1923-24, then wentto Boston in 1925 with the first Americanprofessional team . They won four gamesout of 36 that season-just didn't have thepower in their club. But In 1927-28 they hadgathered up Eddie Shore, Oliver, Fredrick-son, Hitchman, Coutu, and Cleghorn, and itwas only after a bitter fight that Ottawaput them out of the Stanley Cup finals.

MINNEAPOLIS COACH

The years 1928-31 found Red at Minne-apolis as playing coach, and in '30 his clubcopped the American Association title.After seasons at Seattle and again at Minne-apolis, he went to Halifax in 1934 to coachthe Wolverines. Graham, Lavigne, Shields,McGlashen, and Mosher-all familiar figuresto Nickel Belt fans now-were on his club.'Flu knocked them out of the Maritime play-offs, but the next year they covered thelong bruising trail to the Allan Cup,knocking out Prince Albert in two straightgames in the finals . They passed up theOlympic trip in favor of steady jobs, andfive of them headed for Frood andCreighton, where they are now.

Red's most thrilling hockey experience?Well, he's had a flock of hair-raisers, butprobably the hottest one was during a gamewith Boston in Pittsburgh in 1926. Dr. JerryLaflamme was toting the whistle, and It wasa grudge match in the finest sense of theword. Finally Laflamme had chased everyBoston man to the cooler with the exceptionof Red and Hal "Old Baldy" Winkler.Pittsburgh, on the other hand, were at fullstrength. For more than a minute Red andHal kept the entire Pittsburgh clan at bay,scoreless, until help arrived. But it wassome minute!

And that's the hockey background behindthe "Brains" section of the Frood trium-virate.

BRAWNY MARTINHow about the "Brawn?" Martin Horne

supplies It, and a mighty Important com-modity it is, too. Long a booster of tug-of-war and other activities requiring bulgingbiceps and rippling flanks, Martin was thelogical choice when the Frood club soughta strong man to act as buffer and championwhen the going was rough . He's done his

Boyle, A. Faddick, M. Faddick, M. Closs,D. Bilbie, K. Cummings, E. McIntyre, R.Price, E. Germa, H. Craig.

Third row: M. Kennedy, A. Sangster,M. Learned, I. MacAteer, A. Hall, M.O'Brien, P. Alfrey, M. Ripley, E. Darrach,P. Macfarlane.

Fourth row: B. Walker, E. Winckler, M.Perras, L. Stevens, P. Sauriol , M. Ferguson,M. Sauriol, S. Taylor, S. Gordon, S. Vesanen,D. Digby, R. Williams, B. Hodgins, G. Stone,M. Coleman, E. Chapman, M. Flynn, B.Germa.

Front row: Rose Mary Bell, Patricia Bell,Vivian Atcheson, Joan Stoddard, ClaireChapman, Betty Rowe, Lois McNeil, AlineBuck, Veronica Sauriol , Betty Coo, MaryStevenson, June Maddock, June Wulff,Carol Henderson, Nancy, Stephen, LorraineRowe, A. Laakso, Carol Maddock, BettyHarkens, A. Falcioni, Molly Yeo, PatsyThompson, Lillian Smith, Vera Wulff, RuthFlynn.

job well. Besides serving as an impregnablebarrier at the dressing room door, he hasbeen the "sweetener" for the team, soothingruffled spleens and promoting the spirit ofharmony for which the club Is known, andwithout which it could not have succeeded.

Born at Enfield, Nova Scotia, Martinlanded his first job there at the age of 14,drt gar -i n w err- •wind y ° *hid'r•'-thehoisting was done at Renfrew Gold Mines.It's an Interesting coincidence that CharlieLively, of Creighton Mine, drove an old graymare on the other shift, and the friendlyrivalry which was born between them thenIs still thriving In the Frood-Creightoncompetitions.

After working for a time at Sydney,Martin came to Ontario , and has been atCobalt, Gowganda, Porcupine, and ICirklandLake. He's been at Frood since 1927, andis a right wise miner.

ALMOST SANE SHIPMiners' field days and competitions have

always appealed to him. The last drillingcontest in which he competed was at Cobalt,when he and his partner set up their machineon a tripod in 55 seconds and In another 15minutes had drilled 13 ft. 7 ins. into hardrock! Tug-of-war has always been hisfavorite. At Cobalt he pulled with Kerr

Lake Mine teamand they weren e v e r defeated.During the warhe pulled anchorfor the Infantryteam from CampWhitby, and com-ing back on theship they chal-lenged an a l l-officers team. Theofficers proved tobe a line-up ofthe large, bulky,non-tippable type,and Martin's menhad to turn onthe heat. Finallythe Infantry pull-ed the officers

he ship. Her nosewent down and her propeller spun highabove the water, but still they wouldn't givein. Finally the cargo started to shift, andthen the officers conceded defeat.

At Frood, where he is UndergroundSuperintendent, Martin has captained themine's championship tug-of-war squad, andis just waiting for the day the Companydecides to have one of the big Copper Cliffstacks shifted a few feet. He says his boyswill be only too pleased to handle the job.That's "Brawn" for you.

HOW DOES HE DO IT?

"Beauty" in this Frood threesome isHarry Towns. Of, course he draws thatname because we really had to have anotherword starting with "B," but even at thatthe cognomen is not undeserved, becauseHarry is the fashion plate of Frood. Seehim hustling from one end of the yard tothe other, up to No. 4 Shaft In a foot ofdust or snow or mud, ducking around timberpiles, trucks, railroad cars, and fill dumps.Yet at the end of the shift, when he slowsdown to a trot, you'd swear he'd just stepped

out of Esquire and been rushed through inan air-conditioned train.

He's the team -manager, butt of all post-game attacks , and never really at his bestunless someone has made him arch his backin defence of some team strategy or player.Then he goes to Towns.

BOWMANVILLE BOY

Robert Harris Towns was born in Bow-manville in 1895, got his first job with theGrand Trunk Railway In 1914, eventuallyw as transferredto the GeneralS u p erintendent'soffice in Toronto.From 1921-25 hewas sales man-ager for the MapleLeaf Sand andGravel Co., whichmay explainwhere he gets allthat grit he dis-plays when histeam is beingcriticized. In '25he came to theMurray Mine, andfour years later,and a brief spellin INCO'S RealEstate Office atCopper Cliff, went tface Foreman. He's mixed up in a man-agerial way In all Frood sporting activities,and likes to drop into the mine's trophyroom and gaze proudly and fondly at theimpressive display of tankards there.

So there you have them-Brains, Brawn,and Beauty. To them Triangle says, onbehalf of Frood fans, "We appreciate whatyou've done, and we 're all for you!"

Athletic ClubGetting Big Play

With George Black, Hughie Craig, Ole

Olson, Jim Croal and other fully qualified

instructors giving generously of their time,

Athletic Club classes at Memorial Commun-ity Hall are drawing large attendances.

Copper Cliff Athletic Association installedwrestling mats, boxing gloves, and variousgymnasium equipment, and then issued ageneral Invitation to all INCO employ-ees to come along and join the fun. As aresult, Frood, Creighton, and ORCO have allbeen represented in the turnouts, whichsome evenings run as high as 70.

Although some of the enthusiasts havehad experience, the majority are beginnersanxious to get Into good physical conditionor pick up slants on boxing or wrestling.fliers'A,.41ways.a, blg_r.mwd_,on,_haad, to. seethem go through their paces, and the pro-gress many of them have already made isremarkable.

During an evening's workout there's usu-ally a pause while classy wrestlers likeDolph Beaudry, Ole Olson, George Black,or Bill Hall get down to some serious grunt-ing and groaning.

There's still ample time for any interest-ed INCO employee to join the spring class.The gym is open to the Athletic Club eachMonday and Thursday evening from 7.30 to11.00 o'clock, and also on Monday and Thurs-day morning from 9.00 to 12.00 o'clock fortraining purposes,

Jammed BetweenParked Mine Cars

The importance of mine motormen alwaystaking care to leave ample clearance fromthe main line when parking cars on sidingswitches , was clearly demonstrated atCreighton Mine one day last May.

Two cars were switched to a siding onthe 2300 level, but when the employee whowas acting as switchman stepped betweenthem to allow a motor to pass, the latterstruck the corner of the first parked carand the switchman was jammed.

He suffered fractures of the spinal columnand severe bruises, and it was some monthsbefore he was able to return to work.

length of time, 'a favorite melody . The childaccepted the proposition, and when the timewas up he- played not only the particular

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` Calcines Cooler" is Smart

is shipped to INCO'S refinery atClydach, Wales. The sulphide, at theend of the process It goes through,emerges from calcining furnaces at atemperature of 1,800 degrees F. Natur-ally It must be cooled before It can bepacked for shipment.

The cooling was formerly done byjust spreading the calcines on the floorand letting the air get at them. Thistook time and space , both of which arevery valuable commodities at PortColborne.

So a calcines cooler was constructed.The hot calcines are drawn from thecaleiners and charged directly Into thehopper of the cooler. They are then fedonto the water-cooled table, which Is10 feet wide and 31 feet long, and theyare slowly moved along the table byrabbles and discharged at the end ofthe table at approximately 100 degrees F.Then they are elevated to storage bins,ready for packing and shipment toClydach.

The capacity of the cooler is aboutfive tons per hour. Or, put it this way:if hot calcines were spread two feet deepover 6,800 square feet of floor space, andleft there to cool for five days, theresults would be only one quarter ofwhat the new cooler can accomplish.

HE KNOWS`WHAT'S WATT'

Port Colborne people, as well as oldtimers In Copper Cliff, need no introductionto Joe Charland, who has been electricallyconnected with many of INCO's plants.

He was born in Drummondville, in theprovince of Quebec, on January 21, 1882,eldest of a family of five and son of a steamengineer who ran boats on the broad St.Lawrence and engines on the old Inter-Colonial Railway.FIRST JOB AT 14

Young Joseph's first job, after he hadgone to school in Drummondville, was help-ing to instal the first electric lights in hishome town. He was 14 years old then,

t

white hat and tried baking, but volts andamperes were in his blood and he yearnedfor another electrical job.

So, after he'd spent a year in camp atHalifax with the 3rd Royal Canadian Regi-ment, he went West in 1900 to Sault Ste.Marie and started handling sparks and kilo-watts for Algoma Steel. In September of1905 he moved to Copper Cliff, where acouple of small blast furnaces and convert-ers were the modest forerunners of today'shuge operations.

Extensions were starting then, with A. P.

turned on.

ON DOME CONSTRUCTIONIn 1907 Joe Charland had a hand in con-

struction at Crean Hill and at Creighton,and then came back to his post at the Cliff.He was in a party sent by the Company InMay of 1911 to Dome Mine to help with theinstallation of equipment there. They'd justnicely finished their job when the famousDome fire in July destroyed the completeplant, so back they went in September torebuild, and it wasn't until June of 1912that they returned to the Cliff.

Joe was sent to Frood for installation ofhoist, compressors, etc., but before the workwas completed Creighton ore had Indicatedbig things, so some of the equipment wasmoved there.

The spring of 1913 saw his appointmentas assistant to the electrical superintendent,ard so he remained until April of 1927,when he was transferred to Port Colborneas electrical superintendent, and that's beenhis position since.

He was wed at Crean Hill in Septemberof 1907 to Gracia Katherine Guay. Theyhave one son, George, who Is following Inthe paternal footsteps at Copper Cliff.OUTDOORS ADDICT_-

e_

When he was at th cliff he was anardent hunter and fisherman , and likes torecall hectic trips into the bush with DocMcCauley, George Hartman, and others. TheWahnapitae area was best for hunting then,he says, and Lakes Vermilion and Penagewere choice fishing waters. He carries withhim all the time a snapshot showing astring of 20 beautiful bass, running fromtwo and one-half to four pounds each, whichhe and a crony once hauled from Vermilionin two hours.

Since going to Port Colborne he's beenbravely struggling with golf, but admitshe'd get along better if his mashie had areel on the shaft and 50 yards of trout linedangling from its head.

With delightful French-Canadian tact hepromptly declined to be quoted when askedif he'd sooner live in Port Colborne thanCopper Cliff.

"Fatherof Canadian

Music "(By HUGO CHATET.AIN, COI9'T%R CLIFF)

If someone were to tell you that inSudbury lives the son of the "Father ofCanadian Music," allegations of day-dream-ing, wool-gathering, etc., would probablycome to your mind. But it is true. Dr. F. H.Torrington wasthe Father ofCanadian Music,and Dr. H. M.Torrington,chosen presidentof the recentlyformed SudburyBranch of theCanadian Concert.Association, is hisson.Two things have

kept this interest-s n g informationcomparatively sec-ret for so long inour vicinity. Oneis the district'slack of knowledgeof the history ofCanadian music; th "other is the., odestof the great musiclaf on. n the untry'large musical cent howe nomof Torrington Is im ortal.HIS FIRST VIO

Dr. F. H. Torrington, the famous musician,was born at Beudley, England, in 1835.When he was a young lad his motherpromised to give him the violin she had won

sMillin itte hihs:opbeis8ds6gnlTafa tti rtland launched him on his musical career.

It was not long before he showed unusualsigns of virtuosity. Through the advice offriends he was placed under the care ofmasters with whom he studied rudiments,harmony, counterpoint, and the instruments.Nothing seemed too difficult for him. Hemastered the violin, the organ, the piano,and even choral and orchestral conducting-subjects which are usually mastered onlyafter years of patience and labor.CAME TO MONTREAL

At 19, fresh from the hands of Europeanmasters, F. H. Torrington arrived in Mont-real, where he was soon engaged as organistand choir leader at the St. James StreetMethodist Church. One would think thiswould have been sufficient work for him,but he found time to organize orchestras andchoirs, and even to teach.

It was then that Lord Dunmore, the RedRiver hero, became very much attached tothe young musician. A story tells of Dun-more going to visit Torrington one day, anAmati violin tucked under his arm. Hisface reflected embarrassment, for how washe to present this valuable instrument to hisyoung friend without making the latter feelextremely indebted to him? As Dunmoreapproached his destination, an idea enteredhis mind-why not ask Torrington to ex-change violins with him? The little planworked successfully. Today the Amati isin Sudbury at Dr. Torrington's home-valueinestimable because of its maker and thesentiment attached to it.WAS IN BOSTON

In 1874 F. H. Torrington went to Boston,where he became concert master to theBoston Symphony Orchestra. Besides thisgreat responsibility he accepted the positionof choir leader at King's Square Chapel. Afew years later Thomas Mason, of Masonand Risch, brought him to Toronto. It wasthen that he established his reputation asthe Father of Canadian Music. His greatmusical mind and experience, coupled withuntiring efforts, converted Toronto into anartistic and musically-conscious centre, andfrom there his influence spread across theDominion. He Inaugurated the TorontoCollege of Music; he organized the TorontoConcert Orchestra; he started choirs; hewas official organist at the MetropolitanChurch; he taught; with his consumingenthusiasm and tremendous energy hebrought to Toronto and all Canada anappreciation of the harmonic traditions ofthe "Romantic School."

When he died, in 1918, he had establishedfor our country a permanent place in theworld of music.

FIRST AIDCOMPETITIONS

(Continued from Page 1)

Mechanical Shops: A. G. Duberry (Capt.),J. A. Langlois, W. Johnson, T. C. Bryce.WALL NO BARRIER

With Culham absent on account of ill-ness, and Wells unable to attend, Surfaceand Shops squad at Creighton had to bor-row Lesjac at the last minute from No. 3Shaft team. They went on to win by agoodly margin, while No. 3 Shaft finishedin second place. The competition was keenand, as at Frood, there were some amusingmoments before it was over. Solution ofthe problem included the removal of a carfrom a garage, and although of course the"door" was indicated to the teams, some ofthe boys in their excitement insisted ondragging the auto right through the "wall."The personnel of the other Creighton teams:

No. 3 Shaft: A. Seymour, V. Maki, B.Lean, R. Brown.

No. 4 Shaft (Day Shift): A. Emblin, E.Bulchuk, P. Cayen, R. Rayworth, A. Banas.

No. 4 Shaft ( Afternoon Shift ) : W. Thi-beault, W. Latvala, A. Stone, W. O'Neill, L.Hodgins.

No. 5 Shaft: F. Bidgood, D. Rygalo, J.1i. Fyfe (Jr.), Maensivu, L. Vereilli.HALF-POINT AHEAD

At Copper Cliff also, only half a pointseparated winner and runner-up, Mechani-cal Dept. giving Converter Bldg. a real chasefor the honors. Reverbs. was the otherlineup competing in the finals, these threehaving survived previous eliminations. Thechampionship Converter Bldg. crew were allfirst-year men with no previous First Aidexperience. Other teams competing were:

Mechanical : G. Guthrie (rapt.), G. Adams,J. Toivenan, R. Polano, J. Gilpin.

Reverbs : W. McNeice (rapt.), A. Cocker,J. McRobert, W. Powell, E. Collins.

Electrical : J. Tighe (Capt.), P. Krull, J.Ferguson, C. Robertson.

Concentrator : B. Allen (Capt.), J. Walker,A. Blanchard, H. McLean,

Orford : P. Gibbons (Capt.), F. Lapierre,P. Heaphy, C. Moxam.AMUSING MIXUP

All four teams entered in the FroodInter-Departmental were experiencing theirfirst year of competition. An amusing fea-ture cropped up in the contest after some ofthe teams had bound the fractured leg oftheir "patient" in splints, and had then tiedit to the other leg for support. When theycame to lay their patient on the stretcher,they found they had to use a "stope basket"instead, which is a stretcher with a separate

or h leg. ' There was -some frantic hustling to redress the"patient" to fit the basket. ' The 12-8 Shift'scrack team had a lead of one or two pointswhen the tally was finally counilgd, with2400-level, the other finalist team, killgan excellent showing. The other teams:conk {(f`A@>S'011-A Ing4fs, W. Hahn, G. Bros-ktyk, M. Pechkoff.

2600-level: J. Douglas, H. Robertson, J.Damstead, W. Quarrel.

3100-level: J. Smith, E. Baker, A. Bealer,G. French.

FIRST SAWCLIFF 1T 1892

Albert McAllister first saw Copper Cliffin 1892 when hewas a boy of nine.He went skatingon the creekswith his chum.Dan Winks, whowas later to be-come one of Can-ada's outstandingspeed skaters. Hebuilt up a reputa-tion for his appe-tite, because hewas a ]ad whospent every pos-sible moment inthe open air.

As a matter offact, he has sincebeen such an outdhas never dancedmaintains he is a Iat a social functicouldn't tell the Jack of Spades from theQueen of Clubs if they were husband andwife.

He was born on a farm near Elmvale,Ont., on May 15, 1883. His father was bornin Ireland of Scotch parents; his motherwas born in Canada of Scotch parents.This may have had something to do withthe name McAllister.

His father came up to Copper Cliff inthe early spring of 1892 and went to workin the yard of the Copper Cliff mine. Thefamily followed him on April 9. Pierceand Byers were operating a general storewhere the old McIntosh block is now.

NO MUSICIAN

Albert went to school in a little shackat the corner of Evans Road and CopperCliff Road. Two of his boyish obsessionswere racing home from school against TomHambley (now C.P.R. superintendent atNorth Bay) and trying to play a baritonehorn. Now and then he could beat TomHambley, but he never mastered the in-tricacies of the baritone.

As he got older he worked summers inthe rockhouse at the Copper Cliff mine, andwent to school in the winter. When he was1") he started to work steadily, and for threeyears served as "chief cook and bottle-washer" in the laboratory for David Browneand D. P. Schuler. In 1901 he transferredto the sampling room of the Ontario Smelt-ing Works in the plant near the location ofthe C.P.R. station.

TO MOND IN 1910

His family had gone back to the farmat Elmvale, and in 1904 they persuaded himto join them, but after a year of the quietrural life be went to work for the CanadaIron Furnace Works at Midland. He hadbeen thoroughly bitten by the "northernbug," however, and on June 1, 1910, wasback in the Sudbury district to hook upwith the Mond Nickel Company at VictoriaMines under Bill Mumford. After the mergerof Mond with INCO in 1929 he went toGarson as a shift boss. In 1933 he becamea shift boss at Frood, and now is back athis old haunts at Garson.

In 1905 at Webbwood he was married toa northern girl, Miss Letitia Tario. Theyhave three sons.

COACHED GARSON

Keenly enthusiastic over outdoor sportsof any kind, he was a prominent supporterof hockey and baseball, and was for sometime manager and coach of the Garsonfootball team. He is a past president ofthe Sudbury District Football Association.In 1926 his Garson cohorts made a cleansweep of honors in Northern Ontario, butdid not press through for Dominion honors,although it has often been said since thatthey would have had a walkaway. FredPentney, now assistant master mechanic atCreighton, and George Murray, now withCanadian Industries, Limited, at CopperCliff, were members of that team.

Further ExpansionChalked Up By INCO

On two fronts INCO has chalked upfurther expansion recently.

Levack Mine, closed since 1931, is beingplaced in condition for production. Re-pairs to track and dewatering of the lowerlevels are being effected, and since under-ground workings have been kept in goodcondition , full-scale hoisting of ore willlikely commence about May 15,

Out in Saskatchewan INCO has pur-chased the plant of the Horseshoe LakeMining Co. at Ormiston, for the produc-tion of sodium sulphate , used extensivelyIn the smelting process.

l t ri i.1o n ! r^

M IN ING PAST and PRESENTFirst of a Series of Articles By K. V. LINDELL, Copper Cliff

The art of mining from the very firstbeginning has been extensive and comprisedof manifold ramifications. To undertakethe description of its various phases withoutrecourse to technical language is well nighimpossible, but we shall endeavor in thisseries of articles to compare mining meth-ods of Agricola's time with methods in prac-tice today in the Frood and other mines ofINCO, without making it necessary for youto have a dictionary at your elbow.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAs announced in the last issue of The

Triangle we are fortunate in having a copyof Georgius Agricola's "De Re Metallica"for reference, through the kindness of Mr.R. L. Peek. We have also secured the kindpermission of the publishers, The Mining

Magazine, of Lon-don, England, touse some of thetext and wood cutfrom the transla-tion from theoriginal Latin edi-tion of 1556. Thetranslation wasdone by HerbertClark Hoover,former Presidentof the UnitedStates, and hiswife, Lou HenryHoover.

Before proceed-ing with our com-parisons of meth-ods of yesterday

K. V. Lindell with those of to-day, we feel we should give you a picture ofthe era of which we shall write, as well as abrief review of the life of the ancient authorand the difficulties he had to surmount inthe preparation of his text. That he per-formed his task well can be appreciatedfrom the fact that Agricola's "We Re Metal-lica" served as guide to Geology, Mineralogy,and Mining Engineering for almost twowhole centuries after its publication. Itpassed through some ten editions in threelanguages at a period when the printing ofsuch a volume was no ordinary undertak-ing, which is in itself sufficient evidence ofthe importance in which it was held, and isa record that no other volume upon thesame subjects has equalled since. Practi-cally the whole of it has been given frompersonal experience and observation, for thematerial available for reference concerningthe subjects upon which he wrote was in-deed scant.

HIS DIFFICULTIESConsidering the important part mining

has played in human history, the scarcity ofinformation prior to Agricola's time is amaz-ing. This may, however, be due to severalreasons, such as the fact that at that timetrade secrets were not freely dispensed, andthat there was a general lack of literatureon industrial projects. Writers were proneto discuss only subjects of general interest,and possibly those engaged in mining werenot literary minded-especially not to theextent of chronicling In regard to their ownindustry. Moreover, copies of hand-writtenliterature, in the years before the printingpresses, were limited and therefore not gen-erally available.

COINED NEW WORDSTo complicate Agricola In his undertak-

ing, he chose Latin as his medium, feelingthat it would be more widely read and bet-ter preserved for posterity than his nativeGerman, but, in so doing he chose a lan-guage which had ceased to expand about athousand years before. Consequently hewas in immediate difficulty because therewere not many technical words or expres-sions in Latin to aid him. He had thereforeto coin hundreds of new words and preparea glossary to explain their meaning. Asthis glossary was incomplete, the work ofthe translators was of course made difficult,but by study of the contemporary literaturethey have rendered what may well be termed a true translation of the thought of theauthor.BORN IN 1494

city physician of Chemnitz, in Saxony, aswell as holding many other political officesuntil his demise.

During his entire lifetime he was contin-ually interested in mines, invested in them,studied them, and kept in contact with min-ing in some manner or other and was there-fore well qualified to prepare the volume"De Re Metallica" which has formed thebackbone of the present mining industry byits departure from the previous trend ofthought by basing his work on research andobservation as opposed to previous fruitlessspeculation as was being practised by thealchemists of that time.

TWELVE BOOKS

"De Re Metalllica" is composed of twelvebooks and using Agricola's description ofthem, "the first book contains the argu-ments which may be used against this art,and against metals and mines, and what canbe said in their favor. The second bookdescribes the miner, and branches into adiscourse on the finding of veins. Thethird book deals with veins and stringers,end seams in the rocks. The fourth bookexplains the method of delimiting veins, andalso describes the functions of the miningofficials. The fifth book describes the dig-ging of ore and surveyor's art. The sixthbook describes the miners' tools andmachines. The seventh book is on theassaying of ore. The eighth book lays downthe rules for the work of roasting, crushing,and washing the ore. The ninth book ex-plains the methods of smelting ores. Thetenth book instructs those who are studiousof the metallic arts in the work of separat-ing silver from gold, and lead from gold andsilver. The eleventh book shows the wayof separating silver from copper. Thetwelfth book gives us rules for manufactur-ing salt, soda, alum, vitriol, sulphur, bitu-men, and glass."

Many wood cuts are used in the book and

it was this work by the illustrators that de-layed the publication for such a long period.As will be seen in the reproduction of thecuts accompanying these articles, Agricolaadopted a unique manner in his wood cutsto ensure that the reader would get thetrue picture of the thought he desired toconvey.

DEFENDS MINING

It is not our Intention to dwell at verygreat length on the subjects discussed in thefirst few books, but a few extracts fromBook I are of considerable interest and theadvice offered is applicable to those whowould be interested in mines today. Agri-cola points out that the usual argumentagainst mines is that they are not stable,profits are dubious, and while about onehundred to one suffer losses from deception,few ever gain wealth from mining. In re-buttal to this argument he says stoutly thatusually those deceived are the ones whohave taken to mining when pressed by debtsor other fetters, and are therefore unquali-fied to weigh such matters as mining, andwho acquire fortunes more by luck than bygood management.

There was also much argument at thetime of Agricola against mining becausemany contended that "inasmuch as Naturehad concealed metals far within the depthsof the earth, and because they are not neces-sary to human life, they are therefore to bedespised and left untouched." In refuta-tion of this argument Agricola says-"I willon behalf of the metals instance the fish,which we catch, hidden and concealedthough they be in the water, even in thesea. Indeed, it is far stranger that man, aterrestrial animal, should search the interiorof the sea than the bowels of the earth. Foras birds are born to fly freely through theair, so are fishes born to swim through thewaters, while to other creatures Nature hasgiven the earth that they might live in It,

"X-Ray" of a Mine in 1556

Georgius Agricola, whose real name wasGeorg Bauer (meaning peasant) was bornat Glachau, in Saxony, on March 24th, 1494.Thus he was born at the beginning of theRenaissance, 40 years after Gutenberg'sfirst book was published. Martin Lutherwas born but the year before Agricola; Col-umbus had made his great discovery buttwo years before; Vasco Da Gama roundedthe Cape of Good Hope but three yearslater. Thus you can see that "De Re Metal-lica" was written during a period of awak-ening and exploration; it took 20 years tocomplete and was not published until theyear after the death of Agricola in 1555.

A MAN OF PARTSAgricola received an educational ranking

of the highest of his time, being a graduateof the University of Leipsic, having receiv-ed the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1518.After he graduated he spent some timeteaching Greek and Latin at the Municipalschool in Zwickau, in Saxony, lectured fcseveral years at the University and thenwent to Italy for further study of Philos-ophy, Medicine, and the Natural Sciences.On his return from Italy he was town phy-&ician for many years, resigning in 1530 todevote several years in travel and studyamong mines, after which he held office as

The above illustration reproduced from a wood cut p r i n t f r o m Agricola 's "De Re Metal-Bea" depicts quite clearly t h e two principal means of access to underground mine work-ings : by tunnels and shafts : as well as the usual connecting passage called a drift. Agri-cola resorted to many Illustrations to complete his text ... "lest descriptions which areconveyed by words should either not be understood by men of our own times , or shouldcause difficulty to posterity ... " Several of the Illustrations which will appear in laterIssues of the Triangle will show the unique method adopted by Agricola 's Illustrators inorder to amplify his word descriptions of mining equipment.

'M ARC'R . 11mr

Did Its DutyOn the morning of March 2nd F.

McLean, Drill Room laborer at OntarioRefinery , prepared to pull a coupling pinto split a string of narrow gauge flatcars.

McLean leaned over and inadvertentlyput his foot across the track, Theadvancing wheel hit his metal toe-guardand dented it badly, but his toes escapedwithout injury. Without his toe-guardthis man would have probably suffereda major accident.

and particularly to man that he might culti-vate it and draw out of its caverns metalsand other mineral products.

EULOGIZES METALS

"On the other hand, they say that we eatfish, but neither hunger nor thirst is dis-pelled by minerals, nor are they useful inclothing the body, which is another argu-ment by which these people should striveto prove that metals should not be takenout. But man without metals cannot pro-vide those things which he needs for foodend clothing. For, though the produce ofthe land furnishes the greatest abundance offood for the nourishment of our bodies, nolabour can be carried on and completedwithout tools. The ground itself is turnedup with ploughshares and harrows, toughstalks and the tops of the roots are brokenoff and dug up with a mattock, the sownseed is harrowed, the corn field is hoed andweeded; the ripe grain with part of thestalk Is cut down by scythes and threshedon the floor, or its ears are cut off and stor-ed in the barn and later beaten with flailsand winnowed with fans, until finally thepure grain is stored in the granary, whenceit is brought forth again when occasion de--a.nds., or necessity artsna._._ _._ If. the bull orgoat is led to the butcher could it be out upwithout tools of iron? ... not to speak ofclothing, which is made out of wool, flax,feathers, hair, fur, or leather. First, thesheep are sheared, then the wool is combed

the threads are drawn ..." each in turnAgricola describes the various uses for themetals, summing up his arguments by thestatement that "if there were no metals,men would pass a horrible and wretchedexistence in the midst of wild beasts; theywould return to the acorns and fruits andberries of the forest. They would feed uponthe herbs and roots which they plucked upand by day they would rove in the woodsand plains at random like beasts, and inas-much as this condition is utterly unworthyof humanity, with its splendid and gloriousnatural endowment, will anyone be so fool-ish or obstinate as not to allow that metals-re necessary for food and clothing and thatthey tend to preserve life?"

That the question of allowing miningoperations was a serious one can be fullyappreciated from the fact that Agricola de-voted an entire book to the discussion ofthis subject alone.

In Books II, III, and IV, Agricola dis-cusses the various requirements of a goodminer in regard to his knowledge of whereto find minerals as his experience had indi-cated, and he describes at great length,supplemented with wood cuts, the varioustypes of veins and stringers in which metalsand minerals may be found. The subjectmatter in Book IV continues in the samemanner and also includes a discussion whichmay be described as the legal difficulties inconnection with mining claims and theirdefinition.

It is not until we reach Book V that webegin to touch upon the fundamentals ofactual mining operations, and our nextarticle may be heralded in Agricola's ownwords-"I will describe first of all the dig-ging of shafts, tunnels, and drifts ...; thenI will speak of the tools by which veins andlocks are broken down and excavated; themethod by which fire shatters ... etc."

Should Make

Certain of Footing

An accident to a Creighton shaft drillerlast September showed clearly how import-ant it is for miners to make certain thattheir footing is secure when they are work-ing.

This shaft driller and his partner weremoving a bulkhead, and when he leaned overto pick up his end of a 6 x 8, another 6 x 8on which he was standing rolled over, caus-ing him to bump against a pile of timberbehind him, knocking him off his balanceso that he fell three sets or 21 feet. Hesuffered lacerations to his scalp and to hisright knee, and lost four days' work.

MARCII, 19:3:' Within the INCO TRIANGLE _ _ Page ?

Extreme Care Taken inPrecious Metals Recovery

Another in the Series of Articles Describing Operations at OntarioRefining Company, Copper Cliff

The anodes to the 'l'ank House, as de-scribed in a previous issue , contain nickel,gold , silver, platinum metals , selenium andtellurium , in addition to copper . The re-covery of these various impurities and theirproduction as marketable by-products is thefunction of the Silver Refinery , Acid, andSelenium and Tellurium Plants . Silver Re-finery and Acid Plants will be described inthis issue.ACID PLANT'S JOB

During electrolysis , or copper deposition,the nickel , being partially soluble in thecopper sulphate electrolyte has a tendencyto build up In the solution . The increasingnickel content very markedly Increases theelectrical resistance of the solution andthis element must therefore be regularlyremoved . This necessitates the daily with-drawal of approximately 4,000 cu. ft. ofsolution for treatment in the Acid Plant.'the solution passes through Pyne Greencells, located in the Tank House , where, byrestricted circulation , a segregation ofcopper takes place. The copper content ofthe solution in the upper portion of the cellsdrops from 3 per cent, to I per cent., andthus provides a source of nickel -enrichedsolution , greatly simplifying the subsequenttreatment.NICKEL RECOVERED

A portion of this upper layer of solutionis pumped to the Acid Plant where it isagain subjected to electrolysis In 20 tanksknown as liberators . These draw a currentof 5,000 amps. , and each have 25 insolublelead anodes and 24 regular Tank Housestarting sheets. In these cells the remainingcopper is plated out until the solutioncontains only .35 grams per litre. Thedeposited copper is returned to the furnace.The "deeopperized solution" Is then fed tovacuum evaporators , where it . is concentratedfrom 23 ' Baum(s to 00° Baume. At thisconcentration the impure nickel sulphatecrystallizes from the solution. The Impurenickel sulphate, or "nickel residue" ispumped to settling tanks from which thesulphuric acid liquor is, decanted after cool-ing. The residue Is then fed to centrifuges,.,There it is dried and stored ready for ship-snent . The copper and nickel-free sulphuricacid is returned to the Tank House forre-use . A recent addition is the NickelSalts Plant, where the residues are dissolved,r irtfted acid' crystallized " s51ft °"'(Chit'°'" Y11ekel4ulpbate and nickel ammonium sulphatecrystals of extremely high purity.PRECIOUS SLIMES

Returning to the Tank House , the otheranode impurities Including silver , gold, andplatinum metals being insoluble in theelectrolyte , fall to the bottom of the cells asa "slime " or "anode mud ." This slime, withits high precious metal content , is sluicedfrom the tanks every 28 days when the scrapanodes are lifted from the tanks. It is ledto a central sump and pumped to the SilverRefinery settling tanks, where the slimesare allowed to settle for 8 - 10 hours toeffect a separation of the solids from theexcess liquor. The clear solution is pumpedback to the Tank House and the settledslimes dried by centrifuge to about 20 percent, moisture. A typical slime would con-tain approximately 25 per cent. copper, 20per cent . nickel, 12 per cent selenium, and2 per cent. tellurium . The gold and slivercontent varies considerably with materialbeing treated and operating conditions,METICULOUS CARE

To remove the copper and nickel theslimes are roasted with sulphuric acid for

six to eight hours In order to convert theseimpurities into soluble forms. The roastingIs done in a cast iron bottomed reverberatoryhaving magnesite brick side walls. Theroasted slimes are then leached with dilutesulphuric acid and water, producing aresidue of the required purity for the DoreFurnace. During all these operations themost meticulous care Is taken to avoid eventhe smallest losses , due to the value of thematerial being handled.

The leached slimes are dried by centri-fuge and returned to the furnace room, Theleach liquor from the roasted slimes ispumped to cementation tanks , where coppersludge is added to bring down any..selenium,tellurium , or silver , present. Cementedslimes are then treated in a similar mannerto incoming raw slimes.PRECIPITATE DUST

During all the furnace operations, acertain portion of the metallic constituentsof the feed is volatilized and also carriedaway -es dust with the flue gases. In orderto reduce losses to a minimum , a Cottrellprecipitator was recently Installed to stet"trostatically filter all Silver Refinery gases.These pass up through lead pipes, whichhave central electrode wires extending theirfull lengths . Directional current at 60,000volts passes from the wire to the outer shell.This ionizes the solid particles in the gases,,causing them to adhere to the tube walls,from which they are periodically washedand recovered.

The treated slimes are smelted andrefined to "Dore metal," a gold&silver plat-rmum metals alloy, in the lore Furnace. ADore charge eonststs of about 14,000 poundsof slimes, fed 1 ,000 pounds at a time untilthe whole batch is melted . The impuritiesare fluxed from the bath of molten instalby means of small sand and'fluor-spar addl-tions. A batch treatment takes , ,' about 49hours and the various . slags produced arereturned to the furnaces or leached tor: therecovery of selenium and tellurium.

The Dore metal is cast into small slabig17" x fit" x I" containing about 97 , per cent..,silver-, gold, and platinum metals I makingu1i the remainder ; The selenium and tel-lurium have been recovered from the slimesduring the processes leading to the DorSproduction and are present in variousleaches and washes . These are: pumpeddirectly to the Selenium . and' "Tellutisxm.. ,Plant,;.O COMES SiLVEft

The Dory metal is refined in 40 Baibac'Thum . parting cells, similar in principle tothe electrolytic; Unksr " The, slabs, nowanodes , are held in a horizontal position by"parting baskets," yellow pine boxes withcanvas as a filtering medium , which retainthe gold and platinum metals. Pure silvercrystals are deposited in the lower part ofthe tanks by electrolytic action: Themecrystals are gathered , 'Washed;' dried, andcharged to an oil-fired crucible furnace fromwhich the silver is ;cast into bars of 899.85parts fineness ready for shipment to themarket. Several of these 1,000-ounce barscan be ' seen in the accompanying photo-graph .

Periodically during a parting plant cam-paign , the gold-bearing : slimes containingabout 25 per cent . silver and 20 , per cent.platinum and palladium, are taken in 100-pound batches and dried: All subsequentgold operations are carried on in locked,glass-encased rooms as an added precaution,These slimes are charged to stoneware potsin the gold room, where they axe digestedwith aqua regal for 14 hours .' The silver,

Where Silver is SeparatedThe "parting plant" at Ontario Refinery, where the silver eryttmh are 'separated

from the gold and platinum metals. Slabs of Dord metal are placed to these partingcells inside "parting baskets," which are yellow pine boxes with canvas as a filterlnlgmedium- Electrolytic action causes pure silver crystals to be deposited in the lowerpart of the tanks, while the gold and platinum metals are retained by the eaiuvaseThe locked , glass-encased gold room is in the background.

The Refinery's "Gold Room "This is the gold room at Ontario Refining Co., where the parting plant slimes are

treated for the recovery of gold and platinum metals. In the stoneware pots at the:top of the platform the slimes are digested with aqua regia , or a mixture of nitricand hydrochloric acid, for 14 hours. Remaining silver in the slimes Is thus precipitatedas silver chloride, leaving the gold and platinum metals solution free for final treatment,

rid HHre 'i the `. 'eal McCoy '^uf't look now, but that little gold brick,', in the centre of the table Is worthy at

the ,rerietet market, Jwt $17,500. This is a display of the Silver Refinery's products.The large bars an silver, 89.905 per cent pure, each weighing 1,000 ounces and worth

The black material in the dish is a sample of selenium, a product of theSelenium Plant. The light grey material in the other dish Is a sample of the plats nurtand palladium Concentrate recovered by ORCO and shipped to INCO's precious metalsrefinery at Acton, England. The small gold bar is 99.98 per cent pure and welghs,506 ouannces.

precipitated as silver chloride, is filteredfrom the gold solution and returned to theDore Furnaces.-UV"VER"G .GOLD

The Sold solution is treated with ferrouschloride , bringing the gold out of solutionas a fine gold sand. This to filtered fromthe solution, melted In a small oil-firedfurnace, and cast into small anodes. Theseare electrolytically refined in Wohlwili cells,to ensure platinum-metal-free gold cathodesfor remelting. The starting sheets for usein these cells are made from gold bard weigh-ing 60 ounces rolled uniformly to 3/1000 ofan inch , The cathodes are washed , dried,and melted in the same type crucible asbefore and cast into 500 -outice bars of 999.80parts fineness , ready for shipment. One ofthese bars , an example of which can be seenIn the forefront of the display photograph,at the present price of gold, Is worth about$17,500,

Scrap hoop iron is added to the gold-freesolution. The platinum and palladium arecemented out by this treatment and, afterwashing, are dried , ground and packedready for shipment to Inco's precious metalsrefinery at Acton , England.

The extreme purity of product and thecare taken to minimize losses in all stepsof the process are outstanding features ofthe Silver Refinery operations.

Must AlwaysHeed a Warning

"Watch out for that cage ," a Creightonconstruction boss bad warned his men.

And everything went well until one ofthem relaxed his vigilance for a fewmoments.

Engaged in replacing a shaft dischargeline, this timberman was helping to naila plank to the ladder rungs, to serve as aslide. The topman , after checking to seethat the men were clear , rang the signal'to lower the cage, and as it moved downthe timberman put his left hand on thesail. The rear wheel of the cage passedover it, fracturing fingers and severely lac-erating the palm and wrist.

Safety precautions are often most Im-portant when they seem least necessary.

Copper Cliff(Continued from Page 2)

to Alberta Lennox , of Magnetawan. Thosewedding belle are ringing out, also, forPercy Dyce and Gabrielle Duranleau, ofEspanola . On January 25 Louise Wilkins,of Paisley, became the bride of KennethWeaver. At Estevan, Sask , Leonard Wel-lock and Annie Pierce were wed March 17.s►T Do good turns always pay ? Jim Closslent a willing shoulder to help hoist a carout of a slippery rut on Elm Street February18. As the auto finally got underway, thechained rear wheel passed over Jim's foot,crushing the toes . He's hoping to be inperfect condition In time for the ShiftLeague playdowns.IT Recently enrolled in the big INCOfamily: to Mr. and Mrs. Victor Morbin, Feb-ruary 22, a daughter ; to Mr. and Mrs. HarryMeades, January 29 , a daughter, Carole; toMr. and Mrs . R. Hamilton, February 9, adaughter; to Mr. and Mrs . C. Meaden, Feb-ruary 11, a daughter, Clarene Joan; to Mr.and Mrs. L. O. Cooper, January 25, a daugh-ter, Laura; to Mr. and Mrs . Sam Nute,December 30, a son . Looks like youngMaster Nute has his hands full already, withall those girls around.¶ B e c a u s e Sonja Henle, internationalfigure-skating star , was in the cast of hisfeature picture , Manager Syd Scott, ofSudbury's Capitol Theatre, gallantly invitedall members of Copper Cliff Skating Clubto attend his show on March 17. The ges-ture was thoroughly appreciated.9 Handy kitchen things for the apartmentshe has taken in Sudbury were presented toEthel Whalen at a "shower" given by thegirls of Copper Cliff general office at aparty at the Club on February 25.ji INCO's sales department might well con-sider signing up Mary Ovens , who sold noless than 24 books of tickets for the drawrecently conducted by Copper Cliff AthleticAssociation.Q At the annual meeting of the AmericanInstitute of Mining and MetallurgicalEngineers , in New York on February 18,a paper was presented by G. H. C. Normanon "Methods of Dust Sampling and Determination in the Mines of Ontario."

-age

Your Lawn MAKE IT LOVELYTHIS SUMMER

By C. D. FERGUSON, Copper Cliff

(Continued from Page 1)

kills the grass and makes an ugly scar that

mars the lawn the following season.

Just as firmly tramped snow is injurious

to grass, so also is the indiscriminate tramp-

ing or playing on grass in early Spring while

the ground is soft and before growth be-

comes vigorous. Usually the daily tramp-

ing on grass during the critical three or four

weeks in the Spring means much work and

expense for renewal and the loss of the use

of the lawn surface for seven or eight weeks

in early Summer. The inference is clear.

DURING GROWING SEASON

The care of the established lawn duringthe growing season is another matter andinvolves some real work throughout the en-tire season and a little expense. The chiefproblems are fertilization, watering, mowingand repairing the lawn and we will considercach separately in the order given.

(1) FertilizationIt has been estimatedthat the grass clippings removed from alawn in one season may represent as muchsoil fertility as is contained in ten hay crops.Is it any wonder, then, that lawns respondto applications of fertilizers even when thegrass clippings are allowed to remain?Equally is it any wonder that the grass on

Judged Copper Cliff's best-kept homesurroundings in 1936 were those of JohnThompson, partially shown here.

unfertilized lawns runs out after a period ofyears and fails to show improvement fromthe sowing of seed on undisturbed turf?

Today the best way to maintain the fer-tility of lawns is to make frequent applica-tions of commercial fertilizers. On anylawn one may profitably apply a completefertilizer, such as 5-8-7 at the rate of 2 to 8pounds per 100 sq. ft. of grass in earlySpring. This is easily spread by hand andmay be done without fear of injury as soonas a few inches of frost has left the soil andbefore active growth has commenced.

After a very little careful practice anyonecan distribute it evenly and quickly andearly Spring is a good time to learn. Everylawn should receive this treatment annually.If a really good lawn is desired, continue toapply fertilizer at intervals of six weeks andfor these Summer applications it is cheaperand better to use nitrate of soda at the rateof one-half to one pound per 100 sq. ft.Make these applications when the grass isdry and follow with a good watering. If youdistribute the nitrate evenly you may haveno fear of burning the grass and in any casethe burning is a temporary injury to theleaves which is soon overcome by the bene-fi,s of the fertilizer.

Persons should not forego the benefits tobe derived from the application of chemicalfertilizers through fear of them for their ap-plication is really simple. All INCO employ-ees of the mining and smelting division maypurchase fertilizers from the PurchasingDepartment at cost in any quantity desired.The Spring application on 1,000 sq, ft. oflawn will require 30 pounds of 5-8-7 fertili-er and will cost approximately 65 cents.

Nitrate of soda costs slightly more perpound but goes three times farther.

(2) Watering-In applying water to alawn, tree or flower, one should try to ob-tain the same result in the soil as is accom-plished by several hours of continuous soak-ing rain. Obviously a short, daily sprinklingfrom the hose does not moisten the soil atthe roots, is not effective, and indeed maybe harmful. Sufficient water should be ap-plied at one time to soak the soil to thedepth of several inches and then no addi-tional watering be done for several days de-pending on the type of soil and the weather.Only on shallow or very sandy soils which

Beautiful peonies in the garden ofDavid Hutchison, awarded the 1936prize for the best Copper Cliff homesurroundings.

Why Not YourName This Year?1936 winners of INCO 's annual awards

for gardens were:CLASS 1, Best Home Surroundings in

Copper Cliff-1, David Hutchison, 33Power St., $20 .00; 2, Robert Stevens, 36Power St., $15 .00; 3, Harry Trotter,1 Balsam St., $10 .00; 4, E. McKerrow,13 Power St., $8.00 ; 5, C. Lyons, 4 KentSt., $7.00. and 27 others who received$5.00 each.

CLASS 2, Best Kept Home Surround-ings in Copper Cl1ff-1 , John Thompson,31 Power St., $20.00; 2, Wm . Chisholm,17 Rink St., $15.00 ; 3, Wm. Zinkie,6 Oliver St., $10.00, and three others whoreceived $5.00 each.

CLASS 3, Most Improvements toHome Surroundings in Copper Cliff, 1936-1, R. H. Boehmer, 10 Granite St.,$20.00 ; 2, R. Chugg, 8A Peter St., $15.00;Frank E . Wolfe, 28 Serpentine St., $1000,and six others who received $5.00 each.

CLASS 4, Best Home Surroundingsin Coniston-1, John Angove , 131 BalsamSt., $10.00, and three others who received$5.00 each.

CLASS 5, Best Home Surroundingsin Creighton-1, Ed. Myhill , 33 Lake St.,$10.00, and two others who received $5.00each.

provide no storage for water should it benecessary to water every day.

(3) Mowing the Lawn-Probably t h eword "trimming," used in the sense as by aman's barber, expresses in a better way;ust what we should aim to do in cuttingthe grass on the lawn. The grass shouldnot be left to grow so long that the removalof the clippings is necessary and it shouldnot be cut so close to the ground as to pre-sent a shaved appearance. It is necessaryto trim a good lawn every four or five days,except during the hot, dry weather of mid-Simmer when every week or ten days willbe sufficient.

The oftener grass is trimmed the thickerand more luxuriant it will grow. Infre-

quent, close mowing is injurious to grass.Neglect in cutting the grass in late Summeris injurious, while timely trimming helps tostrengthen the turf for the succeeding year.The belief that to allow the grass to growup long strengthens the sod is sheer fallacyand the practice actually weakens the sod.

(4) Renovation-It frequently happens inthis district that patches of grass becomekilled out during Winter and early Spring.Usually the quickest and best results are ob-tained on our soils by spading over the turf,fertilizing and re-seeding . Thin grass maybe thickened by fertilizing or, better still,

Lovely flowers bordered a gardenpath in Coniston 's 1936 prize-winninggrounds , home of John Angove,

given an application of screened loam andblack muck in equal parts fortified withsay 5-8-7 brand or a nitrate fertilizer. Thesoil can easily be brushed into the grass withthe back of a garden rake. Very poor lawnsshould be entirely renewed and the methodis discussed in the following paragraph.

(5) Making a New Lawn-In construct-ing a new lawn or renewing an old one, therough grade is probably the first considera-tion. If possible, see that the ground hassufficient slope to give good drainage in alldirections from the dwelling. One shouldtry to have four inches of reasonably goodsoil over the surface and this soil should befairly heavy if over a very light sub-soil, ora good loam if over a clay sub-soil.

With our soils barnyard manure is anecessity and should be applied to the top ofthe dug-over surface and thoroughly workedin. A layer of good black muck thorough-ly incorporated with loam or clay top soilwill take the place of some of the manurt'and will prove more lasting and a greaterholder of water. Then, if quick growth andespecially good grass is desired, just beforethe final raking before seeding, broadcast3 pounds of 5-8-7 fertilizer per 100 sq, ft.One thing to remember, the more you culti-

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"How Are We Doing?"1937

ACCIDENTS PER 1 ,000-SHIFTS-WORKED , MINING AND SMELTING DIVISION

In only one other month during the past seven years has the number of accidentsper 1 ,000-shifts-worked been lower than it was in February of 1937. In December of1935 the figure was .072 . Last month's mark was only fractionally higher , at .074. Thislooks as if the Mining and Smelting Division may in 1937 give quite an argument to1936's record-establishing yearly average, which was by a wide margin the lowestyearly average in years . To better such a mark, however, will take the hest eo-operationof every employee in the Division. BE SURE IT'S SAFE!

vate to thoroughly mix soil and manure,better and more lasting the results.

PLANTING THE SEEDBefore the final smoothing to grade,

the tender grasses which thrive the first sea-

thesoil should be well compacted by rolling ortramping, and raked level again. Apply theseed and rake very lightly to work it intothe soil. Usually it is not advisable to rollafter seeding. If the soil is very dry itshould be soaked to the depth of severalinches and then allowed to dry on the sur-face before seeding is done. In dry, hotweather, newly seeded ground must be wat-ered, but only a fine spray is used and thesoil soaked thoroughly at one time. It istrue the seed may be washed into pocketsthat will show for a few weeks, but betterthat than no germination at all. Alwaysthe heaviest watered areas show the best,land of grasses. If the weather is hot(luring the seeding stage of the grass, extrawatering may be necessary to prevent burn-ing and killing out of the clover.

SELECTING SEED

son at the expense of the more hardy onesand then disappear. The same is true ofwhite dutch clover when used in too largea proportion in the seed mixture. The mostsatisfactory mixture over a period of yearshas been Kentucky Blue, Canadian Blue,and Red Top, in equal proportions, to whichis added about one pound of white dutchclover to 12 to 15 pounds of the mixture.Crass sown broadcast by hand should be ap-plied at the rate of 1 pound to 200 to 300sq. ft. of lawn, depending on the type oflawn required and the care it is likely to re-ceive. Time and care are necessary to scat-ter the seed evenly.

Trim a new lawn regularly but not shortand the turf will form quickly. Do notworry over such annual weeds as lambs-quarter, pigweed and barnyard grass. Plan-tains and dandelions may be spudded out.Dandelions and chickweed may be killed inan established lawn by three sprinklings orsprayings of a solution of 1 pound of ironsulphate, granular form, to one and one-halfgallons of water. The foliage must be mois-

Only the best grades of seed should be tened with the solution which causes burn-snwn. The mixtures sold by many seed ing and death to the weeds and clover andfirms may contain too great a percentage ofI leaves the grass green and healthy.

Peppy Shift LeaguesWinding Up Fine Season

(Continued from Page 1)

a two-game total-goals contest for the cham-pionship.

Day Shift took the decision in the firstmatch, 3-2, on goals by G. Gobbo, N. Farnell,and W. Evershed; Shops' two tallies camefrom the sticks of D. Cresswell and J. Stacey.In the second tussle Shops came back strongwith a 4-2 triumph to cop the title, 6 goalsto 5. For Shops in the final match goalswere scored by D. Cresswell and A. Benoit,who bagged a brace apiece. Benoit had thepleasure of whipping home the winning tallyafter a neat solo rush. Day Shift's point-getters were G. Gobbo and C. Bryce.

Lineups of the two teams: Shops, goal,G. Chabot; defence, J. Stacey (Capt.), M.Watchouski, J. Lown; centre, D. Cresswell;right wing, C. Barrazzuol; left wing, A.Gobbo; subs, A. Stocker, C. Bray, V. Balde-sera, A. Eastwood, A. Benoit, H. Benoit;coach, Bill Johnson.

Day Shift: goal, L. Blake; defence, Riv-ard, Fitzgerald, Forestall; centre, E. Oliver;right wing, G. Gobbo; left wing, C. Bryce;subs, F. Leclair, N. Farnell, W. Evershed, R.Boles; coach, Bill Walker.

MORROW TOPS SCHEDULE

Undefeated in scheduled play, Morrow'sShift from the converter building naturallyhead into the Copper Cliff Shift Leagueplaydowns the favorites, although they willhave to dish up plenty hockey to take themeasure of the other three finalists, FrankWolfe's Orford Aces, Bowman's concentratorcrew, and the Closs crowd from the crush-ing plant. Wolfe's Aces, last year's titlists,dropped only one decision in the schedule,a 3-2 verdict in overtime to Morrow; Bow-man lost two; Closs lost three. Here's theway the league standing wound up, with thelast two games not played:

COPPER CLIFFSHIFT LEAGUE STANDING

W. L. T. Pts. GF GAMorrow ------ 7 0 0 14 22 7F. Wolfe ------ 6Bowman ------ 5Cloys --------- 4Johnstone ----- 4A. Wulff ------ 4Parlee -------- 2Trotter ------- 0Duberry ------ 0

1 1 13 32 152 1 11 53 203 1 9 41 274 0 8 19 134 0 8 35 255 1 5 17 297 0 0 6 646 0 0 11 36

Apparently a team doesn't have to scorea whole flock of goals to win a league,since Morrow's men sagged the twine only22 times in seven games. Bowman's big 53-goal total was built up with a 12-2 win overTrotter and a 14-0 verdict over Duberry.Other clubs rolling up scores of 14 goals,were Closs and A. Wulff, each time at theexpense of Trotter.KEEN PUBLIC INTEREST

Evidence of the interest in the shift

matches was the crowd of 700 people whichturned out the night of March 3 when Mor-row and Bowman played an evening matchinstead of the usual morning encounter.

The Hughie Johnstone lineup from the re-verbs looked like a pretty fair bet for theplaydowns until the last few days of theschedule. Then they dropped two decisions,one at 5-4 to Closs and the other at 2-1 toBowman, and they were squeezed out ofthe picture. You can't ask for a closer fin-ish than that. The Johnstone crew, inci-dentally, scored two of the nine shutoutsrecorded in scheduled play.

The combination crew from Parlee's con-centrator shift and Somers' reverb shiftwere pretty slow to start, scoring only onegoal in their first four games. Then theytrimmed Trotter 7-0, beat Duberry 4-3, tiedCloss at 3-3. Apparently tired from thiseffort they faded in the home-stretch, losingtheir last match to Bowman at 8-2.

While they failed to garner any points,both the Trotter and Duberry teams wentthrough the schedule enthusiastically, andput up the best arguments they could. Trot-ter's outfit, weak defensively, proved a sweetfattener for league scoring averages.

HOCKEY WAS CLEAN

With the exception of a few minor flare-ups when tempers got a bit frayed, theschedule was played out harmoniously. Attimes checking was a bit strenuous, butplay on the whole was clean and a credit tothe clubs. Although some of the decisionswent by wide margins, 17 of the 35 gameswere won by a difference of only two goalsor less, and two were tied.

Picking stars from the various play-down rosters is no sinecure, but there aresome of the boys who stood out in almost alltheir league games. On the Morrow club,goalie Rusty Abrams has been in greatform, and Carthy, at centre ice, has shownclass. His goal on March 3 against Bow-man, when he took the disc in the corner,stick-handled through a maze of players, anddrew the goalie out to score, was a sweetspot of hockey. Gladstone, on the wing, andKiem, a defenceman, have also been hotstuff for Morrow.

With the Frank Wolfe lineup, Murrayand Mahoney get the call. The former, cap-tain of the club, is one of the most versa-tile players in the league. Perhaps theloop's best complete forward line is Bow-man's trio of Stevens, Webster, and Ed-wards.

Laurie Riutta, igloo-watchman for Closs,is a young goal-tender who has shown niceability.

Unless Bowman or Closs upsets the dope,it looks like Morrow vs. Wolfe in the finalset-to, and if the boys manage to swing an

evening show at the Stadium, wotta crowdit'll draw!

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