Map-Germany-1945

THE COLD WAR1945-19681

- Before I got donations from big candy companies, the children of America were sending me donations, and sending me money so we could go to the base exchange and buy the things to drop to the children of Berlin.

Gail Halvorsen2

Map-Germany-1945Saar RegionSaar AreaSaarland 3THE COLD WARThe post war tensions that led to the polarization of world powers into Eastern and Western Blocs. It examines the problem thats that post war Europe and the United States faced and the issues that gave rise to the cold war.

Section 1: Describes the steps taken to rebuild Europe, the tensions following decisions made at Yalta and Potsdam, and the efforts taken to contain communism.4THE COLD WARSection 1: Increasing TensionsWHO: Allies - Winston Churchill - Clement Attlee -Winston Churchill -Joseph (Uncle Joe) Stalin - President Roosevelt President Truman http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=12165#

5THE COLD WARSection 1: Increasing TensionsWHO:George Kennan Basis for US policy for next 30 yrs Secretary of State George Marshall

6THE COLD WARSection 1: Increasing TensionsWHAT:Cold War United Nations - Its purpose Satellite CountriesIron CurtainContainment How many people did Stalin kill in his Holocaust7WHAT:Cracks in AllianceWar time alliance began to disintegrateWestern Allies only wanted to stay in Germany until it was stabilizedUSSR wanted a buffer zoneTruman Doctrine

US becomes leader of western worldTHE COLD WARSection 1: Increasing Tensions8WHAT:Marshall Plan:

COMECON

1949, NATO

1955, Warsaw Pact formed in response to NATO

THE COLD WARSection 1: Increasing Tensions9WHAT:Divided Germany June 1948, USSR shuts down land routes to BerlinBerlin airlift beginsContinuous landing and takeoffs everyday for 11mosMay 1949, USSR ends blockadeFall 1949, Federal Republic of Germany/West Germany formedBonn is the capitol

THE COLD WARSection 1: Increasing Tensions10WHERE:Greece local communist fighting pro-western monarchy-1948, Czechoslovakia taken over by communist1956, Hungary uprising suppressed by Soviet Troops1968, Czechoslovakia invaded by USSR

THE COLD WARSection 1: Increasing Tensions11Yalta AgreementKey points of the meeting are as follows:Agreement to the priority of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. After the war, Germany and Berlin would be split into four occupied zones.Stalin agreed that France would have a fourth occupation zone in Germany, but it would have to be formed out of the American and British zones.Germany would undergo demilitarization and denazification.German reparations were partly to be in the form of forced labour. (see also Forced labour of Germans in the Soviet Union). The forced labour was to be used to repair damage Germany inflicted on its victims.[8]Creation of a reparation council which would be located in the Soviet Union.The status of Poland was discussed. It was agreed to reorganize the communist Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland that had been installed by the Soviet Union "on a broader democratic basis."The Polish eastern border would follow the Curzon Line, and Poland would receive territorial compensation in the West from Germany.Churchill alone pushed for free elections in Poland.[9] The British leader pointed out that the U.K. "could never be content with any solution that did not leave Poland a free and independent state". Stalin pledged to permit free elections in Poland, but forestalled ever honoring his promise.Citizens of the Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia were to be handed over to their respective countries, regardless of their consent.Roosevelt obtained a commitment by Stalin to participate in the U.N.Stalin requested that all of the 16 Soviet Socialist Republics would be granted U.N. membership. This was taken into consideration, but 14 republics were denied.Stalin agreed to enter the fight against the Empire of Japan within 90 days after the defeat of Germany.Nazi war criminals were to be hunted down and brought to justice.A "Committee on Dismemberment of Germany" was to be set up. Its purpose was to decide whether Germany was to be divided into six nations

12HomeworkWhy did the alliance disintegrate after WW II?Do you think the UN could have helped prevent the establishment of Soviet Satellites? Why or why not?Why did the Soviet Union seek to control Eastern Europe?

13Objective:

Describe postwar recovery in Eastern EuropeTHE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc14What: DefinePeaceful coexistence - Intercontinental Ballistic Missile - Dissidents -

Identify:De-Stalinization - Josip Broz Tito - Alexander Dubcek - Brezhnev Doctrine -

Answer: Why did East Germany build the Berlin Wall?

THE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc15Soviet UnionStalin believed that a conflict with the West was inevitableIncreased Soviet industry at the expense of civilian needs5 Mar 1953, Stalin dies1955 Khrushchev emerges as USSRs leader1956, denounces Stalins actions in the past1956-64, policy of de-StalinizationReduced restrictions, enhanced artistic and intellectual freedomsTHE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc16Cold War ThawKhrushchevPeaceful CoexistenceEmphasized technological/agricultural/modernization effortsMassive military buildup Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles pointed at USSR and US MAD - 1957, Sputnik launched the USSR into space1959 & 60, Khrushchev visits the US1 May 1960, what happened

THE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc17THE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc

This pile of wreckage is said to be from the CIA U-2 flown by Gary Francis Powers and shot down by the Russians on May 1, 1960. The U-2 was hit by an SA-2 -- and air warfare was never the same. Powers survived and was held captive for a time, greatly adding to the diplomatic turmoil caused by revelation of the flights. 181961, Khrushchev wants allies out of Berlin 1962 tries to install nukes in Cuba1963, a telephone hot line is installed between Moscow and Washington D.C.1964, Khrushchev is forced from power after several failures under his leadershipLeonid I Brezhnev hard line communist Reverses Khrushchev's de-Stalinization and reinstitutes measures against intellectuals and dissidentsAlexander Solzhenitsyn & Dr Andrei SakharovTHE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc19Soviet SatellitesYugoslavia resisted USSR dominance Kicked out of international Communist movementTito receives economic & diplomatic aid from the westEast Germany most prosperous of the satellites1953, workers uprising/people flee to West Berlin1960, Khrushchev orders the building of the Berlin Wall to keep westerners outTHE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc20Poland1956, workers revolt in Poznan1950s 1960s, freedoms come and go based on leadership

HungaryEstates given to workers/ industrialization/poor standard of living1956, worker uprisingSoviet troops enter & suppress the revolt

THE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc21Czechoslovakia1948, communist takeoverEconomy based on Soviet systemMassive purges1968, Alexander Dubcek and democratizationAug 1968, Soviet troops enter THE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc22Homework:What caused the Soviets to intervene in Hungary in 1956?- What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan? In what way was the plan effective?-

THE COLD WARSection 2: The Communist Bloc23