cApn!' 1948;

TECHNOLOGY'REVIEW

Tide Reg, in U, S, Pat. Olli"

.,"'THISI/K"~'YFKfKI"S(JmMestJ f)",s IJI'R,S/H, Cosl's .*f;

Unlike your other rising costs of production (in payrolls,machines and raw materials) the soaring cost of eye accidents isone expense youcan definitely do something abollt.You can"roll back" this unnecessary cost 98% because eyeaccidents are preventable when shop workers wear safetygoggles. The average cost of goggles is about $1.50 -even theslightest eye accidents they prevent average over $15.00. Yournearest AO Safety Representative can show you casehistories of plants similar to yours where an adequate eyeprotection program has beeneye-opening in costs saved!

American \~ Opticalc I) ..... ~)" ....y

Sa etyDi"ision

SOUTHBRIDGE. MASSACHUSETTS. BRANCHES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES

THE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW, April, 1948. Vol. L, No.6. Published monthly from November to July inclusive at 10 Ferry Street, Concord. N. H.Publication date: twenty-eeventh of the month preceding date of issue. Annual subscription $3.50;Canadian and Foreign subscription $4.00. Entered as second-

class matter at the Post Officea.t Concord, N. R., under the Act of Maroh 3, 1879.

THE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW298

-SANDEE chose "POLYSTYRENE" for the production

of its "POL Y·LITE" Fluorescent Light Sections be-cause of its outstanding properties for this applica-

tion. Study the properties listed here and you will agree thatthese features, plus Sandee technology, create a combinationunequaled for the development of your new fixtures to givethe maximum in aesthetic and functional lighting.

Sandee production experience plus the satisfaction of manycustomers verifies the choice of POLYSTYRENE for theseExtruded Fluorescent Fixture Sections. This experience isavailable to you now without the necessity of an extendedtrial period-so contactSandeeon your new, modern highlyefficient fluorescent fixtures.

OUTSTANDING PROPERTIESOF SANDEE POLYSTYRENE

-1.05

- 5500 to 1000 1'.5.1.

-0.5 II. 1&s, (note".d'

_115°f

I. Sp.cilie Gravity

2 T.n.il. S'r.ng'"

3. Impact

4. H.a' distor'ion

-Elre.II.nt

- EKe.lI.nt

-Nil

-Slow

-Elrcall.nt

-None

-Unlimi'.d

- Hig" Gloss il Desir.d

5. Rigidily

6. Dim.n.ionol S'obmty

7. Wot.r Ab.orption

8. 8urning Rot.

9. EI.drieol prop.rti ••

10.Odor

n. Color

12. fini.h"POLY·lITE" IS -A GU.ARANTEE OF QUALITY

APRIL, 1948 299

IN these unique, arc-type furnaces at the Norton electric furnace plant

near Niagara Fallsis produced ALUNDUM abrasive - fused at 3700°F

from mineral bauxite.

Introduced to industry by Norton in 1901 this first electric-furnace-made

aluminum oxide abrasive revolutionized the grinding of steels because of its

combination of hardness, sharpness and toughness.

Subsequent Norton developments were designated as 38 ALUNDUM and 57

ALUNDUM-and then in 1946came the sensational 32 ALUNDUM abrasive.

Today ALUNDUM abrasive in its various forms

is the world's most widely used abrasive.

NORTON COMPANY • WORCESTER 6. MASS.(BEIIR·MANN/NG, TROY, N. Y. IS A NORTON DIVIS10N)

ABRASIVES • CRINDING WHEELS • GRINDING AND LAPPING MACHINES • REfRACTORIES • PDIDUS MEDIUMS • NOH·SlIP noolS. NORBIDE PRODUCTS • LABEll"' MACHIIIES • (BEH.·MA~NING DIVISION: COATED ABRASIVES AND SHARP£NING STONES)

300

No.8Somerset. Station

MONTAUP ELECTRIC COMPANY

IN a very real sense Somerset Stationis a pioneer in the utility field.

Progress in steam generation for pub-lic utilities has been almost whollyalong the lines of improved designs ofconventional types of equipment andthe adoption of higher steam pressuresand temperatures. But use of the basicprinciple of natural circulation of waterin boilers has remained the rule inAmerican power practice.

It was truly history-making then,when, in 1942, the Montaup ElectricCompany of Fall River, Mass., installeda radically different boiler ... aforcedcwcttlation boiler in which the water iscirculated by pumps instead of beingallowed to follow its natural thermalcirculation. The principle of forced cir-culation had been used commercially inEurope but in connection with boilersof smaller size. This was the first appli-cation in an American power stationand had the further distinction of beingthe first boiler to produce steam at atemperature as high as 960 deg. Fahr,It was also one of the two highest pres-sure boilers in this country. A majoradvantage was the adaptabiliry of thedesign to the available space which per-mitted substantially higher capacitythan could have been obtained from a

natural circulation boiler. Actually itwas fitted into a space originallyintended for a boiler with one-fifth ofits capacity.

This drastic departure from conven-tional practice - watched critically byleading power engineers everywhere -required courage, because of the largefinancial risks, and engineering com-petence of a high order to solve themany technical problems. That Combus-tion Engineering, designers and buildersof the boiler, the Montaup Electric Co.and their consulting engineers, Stoneand Webster Engineering Corp., solvedthese problems has been demonstratedby the boiler's performance record overthe past five years. Not only isit one ofthe most successful big boiler installa-tions in the country, but it has provedthat forced circulation affords impor-tant operating advantages for largepower stations.

COMBUSTIONENGINEERING

200 MADISON AVENUE. NEW YORK 16, N. Y.

THE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

-"-~-

The association of C-E with Somersetand many other power stations that havemade history speaks for itself. The ex-perience, special skills and advancedengineering that have brought aboutthese associations are availableto you,whether you need a boilerto produceless than a thousand or more than a mil-lion pounds of steam per hour.

These three factors are the1tr1WNtten

plus-values in every C-B contract -

Knowledge - to solve today's,

and tomorrow's, steam generatingproblems.

Experience- to interpret, from a

world-wide background in every im-

portant industry, the specific needs of

each installation.

Facilities - to mant4acture com-

plete steam generating units for every

capacity from1000pounds of steam

per hour up to the largest. B·180

302

OWl A 5 HORSEPOWER

No.2 VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE

for heavier cuts... _------------

THIS NEW MA(HINE embodies all the production-boosting features of the popular No. 2 Light Type ma-chine plus extra power and rigidity for work requiringheavier cuts. In addition, it has greater throat distance,suitable spindle speeds for larger cutters and has manyuseful attachments.

For complete details on this new machine, writeBrown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., Providence I, R. I., U. S. A.

Hevi Duty Electric Co.Surges Transformers

With the acquisition of the Surges Elec-

tric Company of Milwaukee, Hevi Duty

can now offer quality dry type air cooled

transformers with or without tap chang-

ing switches as well as special trans-

formers for special requirements. An

accelerated program of modernization

will present opportunities for increased

production and good delivery schedules.

Write for Bulletin 5-46lJ

HAROLD E. KOCH '22, President

elTON E. STAPLES'26, Oist,icr Manage" (/ .....lortll

THE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

THE TABULAR VIEW

Minute Man. - The pen-and-ink drawing of the Lex-ington Minute Man, which graces The Review's coverthis month, appropriately commemorates the eventsof Lexington and Concord in April, 1775, when "em-battled farmers . . . fired the shot heard round theworld." The appropriateness of the April cover isfurther enhanced by the fact that it was executed byable artist SIDNEYL. KAYE, '30.

Workman's Slant. - Well known to Review readersfor his able commentaries on the social effects of mod-ern industrial life, Dr. Paul Meadows attempts toanswer the question "What's on the Worker's Mind?"(page 322) by a descriptive summary of public opinionpolls, chiefly those of Roper, Gallup, and polls reportedin Public Opinion Quarterly.Dr. Meadows is associate'professorof sociologyat the University of Nebraska.

Revolutionary Mathematician. -The story of:Evariste Galois is that of a brilliant Frenchman whoseoutstanding mathematical work was prematurely endedat the age of 20. The biography of this unheralded math-ematical genius is ably recounted (page 316) by DAVIDANDCHARLOTTEB. LANDAU.The Galois biography isthe product of a happy collaboration of an engineer,specializing in stress studies and elastic theory, and hiswife, a teacher and writer on scientists and scientificmatters, who is, as well, a graduate in science fromFrench schools.

Daily Hibernation. - Any interested observer is ableto determine by experiment the individual factorswhich go to make sleep such an important and pleasantpart of our daily lives. To such lay observations theauthors of "Ah, Sweet Mystery of Sleep" (page 319)add a distinctly professional touch. DR. M. F. ASHLEYMONTAGU,already known to Review readers throughhis articles on matters relating to medicine, is associateprofessor of anatomy at the Hahnemann MedicalCollege and Hospital of Philadelphia. He is assisted inhis professional work by coauthor EDWARDMILTON,member of Harvard's class of 1933 and a former majorin the United States Army.

Quantitative Biology. - Perhaps the" numbersracket" does not exactly come to the aid of workers inthe agricultural sciences, but something akin to it is amost valuable aid to the worker in the biological sci-ences. Indeed, FREDERICW. NORDSIEK,'31, shows(page 313) that progress in modern biological scienceswould be much impaired without benefit of statisticalanalysis.Mr. Nordsiek is assistant to the director, De-partment of Applied Research, Standard Brands, Inc.

Wright Era. - Comments on the quiet, modest lifeand methodical working habits of Orville Wright, whoserecent death closes a bright chapter in American initia-tive, are given (page 309) by genial FREDC. KELLY,close associate with the Ohio inventors. In Reviewarticles, as well asin the volumeThe Wright Brothers,Mr. Kelly has told the story of two modest inventors.

APRIL,1948 303

QUIZ ON HIGH SPEED STEELS

IwQ. How long have molybdenum high speed steels

been used successfully?A. For about 15 years.Q. Why are molybdenum high speed steels pre-

ferred to 18-4-1 by many large consumers oftool steels?

A. They're tougher. Do a better [ob for less money.They're from 10¢ to 20¢ a pound cheaper. Inaddition, the molybdenum steels have from6% to 9% lower density, so if you make yourown tools, you get more tools for a given grossweight.*

Q. Where are users finding molybdenum highspeed tool steels superior?

A. In twist drills. In hacksaw blades. In milling,slotting, and slitting saws. In taps, chasers,broaches, reamers, hobs, milling cutters, latheand planer tools. Can be used for all classes ofhigh speed tools with good results.

Q. Is there any special trick needed in heat treat-ing molybdenum high speed tool steels?

A. No. In modern furnaces, molybdenum highspeed tool steels are as easy to hardenproperly as 18-4-1.And they cost much less-and save money onthe ;ob.

*Our booklet on molybdenum high speed steels will give youproof of these statements. Write for it.

MOLYBDIC OXIDE-BRIQUETTED OR CANNED. FERROMOlYBDENUM • "CALCIUM MOLYBDATE"

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304

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a~aJyzes and records as many as six con-strtuents of a gas. Eliminates intermittent,slow and expensive manual gas analysis.Accurate ... Sensitive ... Simple. Nomoving parts; utilizes thermal conduc-tivity principle.. Makes possible substantial savingsm ?te operation of kilns, productionof inert gases, and in metallurgical,petroleum, and other chemical proc-esses. Single- and Multi-point instru-ments are available for a wide varietyof applications.

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CAMBRIDGEINSTRUMENT COMPANY, INC.

3707 Grend Centrel Terminel, New Yorlc 17j

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PRE CIS I 0 H I H 5 T RUM E H.:T5

THE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW

MAIL RETURNSStacks-Straight and Flaring

FROM EDWIN C. SMITH, '91:In the picture of the "Last Spike Ceremonies" (page't64), one loco-

motive is shown with a straight stack and one with the flaring funneltype. In my mind the funnel-shaped stack has been associated with theold "wood burner" while the straight stack was the hallmark of thecoal burner. Recently, some inquiries were made but without results.One correspondent, an old railroad man, was' sure the above was rightbut on attempting to support his belief from records was unable to doso. In my almost 80 years of travel and observation, the straight stackhas prevailed, but I recall, back in the late 'Seventies seeing one or twoof the funnel type which were identified to me as "wood burners." Thestack with which I was most familiar was called the "diamond head,"according to my recollection. That, like the funnel stack was set prac-tically at the extreme front end of the boiler. Then the body of theboiler was, as recalled, extended to form a cinder trap, replacing the oldscreen spark arrester.

Now, the above is rather a hodgepodge of old recollections but I amfatuously interested in learning whether the funnel type was character-istic of the wood burner or just a circumstance.Providence,R. I.

On Our «Cobblestones" CoverFROM MARSHALL O. LEIGHTON, '96:

Were The Review not so sound a magazine in respect of exactitudeof expression, I would not have been startled this morning when I tookup my March number.

The cover exhibits a remarkably fine reproduction of good old granitepaving blocks, which in my boyhood days were the latest thing in citystreet paving. We called them Belgianblocks, I gazed at them for sometime amid nostalgic sentiments:To my astonishment I observed, whenI reached pageU5, that the title was" Cobblestones:' Cobblestones arenatural rounded stones large enough to be used for paving.Wa3hington 6, D. C.

Well, Then-We Are Young!FROM WILLIAM C. PICKERSGILL,'00:

The cover of the March issue is a very interesting photograph but asyou undoubtedly know these are not cobblestones. Perhaps some aretoo young to remember what real cobblestones looked and felt like whenriding over them on a bicycle. Good old square-cut granite blocks area luxury compared with a real cobblestone .. This is not a criticism of The Review. I enjoy it very much and wish

you all success. It may be just a memory brought to mind by an oldphotograph of some '99 and'00 boys which I happened to run across afew days ago.Newton Highlands, Mass •

Speed with

Economy

If your production needs call for a new build-ing, you certainly want it quickly •.. Butdon't overlook quality. Choose a builderwith a record for both speed and goodworkmanship.

W. J. BARNEY CORPORATION101 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK

INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTIONAllred T. Glasse", '20,Vice 'resident