[1962] a political theory of foreign aid

7/23/2019 [1962] A Political Theory of Foreign Aid

1/9

A POLIT TEOY OF FGN D*

>S My f C

Of t sming nd real ovios white moen ae a inrodc o h p-i o foin poiy, e as poen moebin undetaig a actin foign i


2/9

2 TH AMR\ 'Tl. S

Foundation has prdd r a ear ern Ln Amean ontris i likly tak on udr ontmor onditon plitial ntn did o prforre iousl Th am fm h bginninbn u th k the Fd Foundtion haben dg Indi. the m toknhuanitaian aid exteed b a goennm hav policl ce.

Subsnc ogn a i nded gv"!mn ch a te of Jodan nd Ngwhh d no commn te reoucs t man minl l r h vin nas u he deit in the dt o hreciient :ti Subc rign aid s iJ th haaan y in ha i ks trnt b1lwn rder and th diintron o organizd socity Ru it s

eoms he potial ftin mantaininthe qu wot, hovr rul,icasi it iabilit. Wre a olcl atnv to a nnvable eg m ma' eit, ubsenc freign m n of mriig

Bis rd by n grnmnt anther fr ltl dange wre untl hbnn f t neeen cenLy an intgral of t rmy f ply. N stsmhi ac h Do n nd aptn bi, hower ani

h iht de a pclr tacn.h it \ r omon o a vn-mnt to th foign instr or ambassdoro anohr ouny no tat i s, bibd r Ccil t Mjst Elibth,cved ne rom pin S enry ni mbsr o nie in e eventh ntur aptd n fm vole aying ne fom pn. Th d-ment wich te Fench cvn ven-ent pubish n 793 tt Fran sbidizd usria stten bewen 157 an76 to he tne o 8247 livrs Aia Chanlo Kan ig 10,0

h P i P ummPu p well th an ul f t ga hn r1)d h gernn 02 "xrce has tuht veryod who i hee dplotc sine tt one ougt nv iv anyhin ee e el is diilvclosed bt ha n proved at h alrEe o ain ll fn o wode" I worh of nte tt th t ritn ata onge th UnSa in 789 d a mdt contingentfnd or uh ros.

uc a go by h nam of foga oda h na o ri. The an-fer o n :nd seic om one g or-

athr prrms h u nction a pi paid or poal rv redr or be rndrd. h bri dr f t hadtonal n xelil bo in wo r-specs: h i imy n erm fforig ad r ecno dlnt anmoney n vics e nd thugaore ahine fond f gnuine co-mc d In oq, te bbe ae es ti s fr pus of rhng plia favr tha e ! tditionalones

he uln f i tradiinal bu rnsmiin brbesth petee Dnd eabre ahnr o forin aid for cnom deelomnt eultsm a la o opinion whch e a nvealy alid h rson t highl

deod indstia nn ha n obigatin to tansfer ony and v to undedelod tions fr th o of eonomicdeloent. Ts asid frm htriL mility forn id, th nly kid of mney and srs sems legitte is ne snsby m the u-s of enom devepmnt Enom epmen ha become n idelgy whcth tns of ney nd sc f nnn n > i-aizd and jed

Th rnt a of oi emraanter amption nvr alid ttconoic dvelpmen an atuall ro-od thrugh h tans f mney andrvc Thu omic dvlopmen a anidogy requies mchiny J mks p-ible the postuad cy of t tns fh uro o economi evelomentJn cnrt mo litial idlogie whichopete nl on h vb a ll nd eects emain within e eam of idea hplc dy n d t plausbl r-qe a aoa dnistrav apprusrvg an tmnt or a iy o mHe he rnmet of nato A trn buy pliical adanage rm gnnt o naon B r, y, t

o f ilin dolas ust nt only etd, butl ac ou elaborat ahio the eense,that actualy doin ig d frPnic d\


3/9

A O! t O OK AID

kne wha xp iry igui fn a fo cmc ,mn ma fv a cit acos n a pla ch ie t my u lonr be abl -tingish m eaiy In nsequene hm m xp esu i erms -

nomc devopmt wih in e na ofthin 1y o h forthming. Thu bh arikel pond, th gve baming tcn is ency ad te eci p ent; ;ir of stgines ad sig r Th ilooy, f en for rcly, gesin h : f te i ose o t tanaon, an eit se le tt i acee h it i eiled to.

Fr h st ae mia i hli' ;f he foign a rram hGn A avr nmid ur drng h in nge aropried ome vr 2 bi-lin a mii ai h h taod fo a te or foreig aid rogram i cs of 3 bin dors o the tamout mt be dde h eqaen proxim l bil doll i reig ces the pceeds f te le of griclrliiag i fr 1 and t a bt ne he g of t urall tibl sre he pu o mime n e diernt rcmigt do o. ly, oeer, hy rormno osii economi fio h ow teirexsene o e cht, v i mayundedeeoped tion, or a migh beclld "cosicus indsrialzon sc-al symbs n monme t inds-

al dame er th ivcstmesng any obeve eonomi eed o theou.


4/9

THE AMERICAN POLII SIENE EVIEW

l teency sed a lmtg ghun the e of what s gnaly re to th "vot iing pPtatis Weae ine me tht te urgt dsire tmpve n's t b mas o modern tnlogy a inustry s a wig univrsa

en n sia A a Lat AmrcaActly hwevr th tnd eal nlyi th at tl al edeeopenatons w pper s aving ae nustlzio wle ony a ct f poput and qty ly l ligps n t se the oca n ecnocnt nrat ad ae wlg tta th maur esay to achee m.Fo may o th uderdevelpe s thstee m te hgway e alie th oenweapons, pfom a ucon tht ot prl comc or mlitay bt pyoogal

and poll Thy ac gh as the utwarhw o mdrnty ad pw hey pem !ci a to tat whch the caralpfomd r the mdeal cy a the edlalc e monahs place fo t abltat Neu s td to h\ sai when hewd CoEai a ew da: " s tesetmp tat wip the me udeevopd ad less vae a nat s thga s liky to e t uge t pve t tnd to he wor h th reult: of eead tha i too h arid i t midtw-

ie


5/9

ITI THRY F G 5

fin ply Howver atrci a essg Lh colion may so meri-a t ar be ut neite b e xpre w ve had wth our ls oforin or by gnel torc .ien

T r f assumps impl

edlpmet is at t pmarly thrsu of lk apial and clolknwhow nddelpmnt rdd as akd of nt at wt s kind of diec is w be tan ar ofrouh ubtanos jcis f the miN Y a naio my s rm dcincs som tur ad ine oscial and medble whi no mut ofapital ad cloal kwhw spplidfro he utsid n ur The porty our cs my be sc as o m -

nomic veopmet impsbl. No sh Jord d Somi a in all lidrnetl ncpble o ecomi developmct fr tat r ny f he atswhich h prnnl ecipies of subted e il fall th same ago

A a may alo sue frm um e-ni ic prlu eoomi deeomet te a idividuls wh ualiof cte d ve f nlene mak tpb tm t t v ecomc pptes so re ios

similalyhicppd. 'o p i n s

here e bm ggas s a her bumd gar is They may be te cipeno ait, t st o mrulu trafmion f er clc intlliene anaer, y eeie frm te oside is iy e us or m opmt.

Othe naos c ptly cien thspi quales of hrcr ad ilince g it h mng f a mden nmisysm, e\ tho e l r inhetpaliis qualfy hm poily or hecs t:sfom:tio omtime t fture. hy are u a uh naly, in amd s of ulual dvlpme, twig the eulent f mr! nd -teleul ns whch in h sixtad svn cntre cet te ulturpoitis fo eomc delpme fe t Yet we d ta th exin ofte pdtis r gred, ett tawitout t elazaion nd rionlizationof Wese ugh ad iey e duai-zion of W wuld o hve ben posbl.

ciltion, suh he Bume wdpras succ in th wld bus i tsads ay o ue& in the ohr wrl

pt a cal osl i e p f idutrialvelpm, whih fin ad islf nntco ai ht , the pvation ofp good f nvestet r f u,ha beome inter a pat of ur coomcu atio i i a o

rl thr u f millios fopl he uddclop es f e wldwho u of ti mode f 0a in-dnl ecoo dvlopment We haeme to onsid the pdcive erpise !S am i bttm of wc i-iviul wr mna h> a snalst Y in ma ndrdelpd s theprduce ntpre rdd primai obet fr nan epliti t di-carded when it 1 prormed t fion fii h empo we h last i

l rt i th pssibl te. Fgid pud nto u a prcplic n eprr nal muld l lily o fo themul tha to b fed b it i s rdlpeible in dan ito hnels sinte iuests of pecaplist or pisoie

he conom i e wc td to pr-ent forn aid fm beg oomicdeelopmen a typly dei wt teuin o i erdevele soctwhih v tei polc pw i d m-e rm economi . e ower-shp and cntr f ar ld, i c i many of e udevlped sieies theoundan itl pwer. Lnd efrm dindusla i suen a tacp polia 18 u In masue hey su, are u atrstcl e dibu of enomic dplt pow alik. Y he ci fbot e nm and plil q athe typica recipes of foeig in frh prpos f cin he 6 . o km o us org for ppose is

rque a di o slfcie ad sof cl nibity wich few rl rouav sown thrut r poee und sh circumsce i lik fi is osibl pu n, prminhe uncto f a i the ul p, oste the omic pli mor le atua us and plitic prble thn bngthem lor to ut. team f eciecxp ad blic acuts mt wla mprov he opos AI Capne

gn; e b y ding o it wo he aaaedh ol d poli vi wh th pra- of tht g bh frh

Gi his ikel eisae o h ri


6/9

6 MCA \ C VW

go t econ demnt frin aiis drc polic :g s a neeycii o its su. Fign t gh in hnl ith pial h!Lng ihrvlunary indud f in ruMaot toh prure fro wihot TE

a lve fa he gin na with dlea On e one d t i feign idf eonc deeloe wt01 gcdii h1 xiie he chs f cce wil suly xize t a ffaile n e othe and, t ive i "wtstis s enophic sspicins and na-iai nen xp h b defen o tu q and th er f Cmui rotion

oe e n s cid rio oitil hge in ppsiion o e

rling gp ne idnify sme er-ie g t insen f litil cgeSo, e nly ie is ang al -i whch e eq nav.meie and o reqel, nc y val raive g lcve onlthe choi n c n 01 i oth-ing

ally h poon dsti oiachange on t f te ivin tion aycae th b nHon fr ecnievlont b i lo conjres p he ec-e f onlle evolun In n nved tion ece or ted oly ug h thl uc ooy o c y he rling g. Detrmine nd skfl forein intrvn nd litte dculy in weaein or een mvg toeher the we of te ringrup l s n o y t i w hshb b tate Whie he iteentnion y be ale o ct even o pint of iigig dic f nd evoion i y l prve na to cntr c of th evoltion ielf or parc

laly a dmcrtic n c a he UnitdSte s etly iappd in compinwh omn n he n o o. The evut a a i did iu n deortic s f unoaie ae dae t sc eformnd prt by the nited St, ad i h co is devlpent ten ovg in a tc w of uelevd mry wo e likely prtgt evoltion uth he os L ve begn o inth sial nd onic cae no eght ify te od epcti ecnomic delopmen is d dur nool e eni ttu q , houg litical ttu q wl If th chge i eh il al iicl ectsof coic evlpmn ma l brng

au ervolionay evluinrsiation And while te Sat mayv ad the vltioy ps, i ;la b uncetain d ws spi itwil ended

e d Ss c a ume f form-ae hicp tryg o cnrl socil ndpoliicl cnge n t dvelope nither a prei f a s ffin id for econoic devepen. fl, Wsern pt\lt nai. UnieSt i a consevie pow th dome-ly ineniolly nd mst pu o erdee nion.oh i iiii cil eni tcure, i bn h pex ofnai hich ntil reny wer ale t odfrca tn eia, nd te lying sof As in condiin lonial or smiclialdependecy I has il alne w thio and wle i h generly hunn n poe utrih conial icis i hcely and scfully pricipted in hsemicolon eption of acad ntis e esetent ist th fmr

clnial ow ach o nd itsplii frin ad free sspt in igui e ditinl ed oflilim

Fuheore he ited Sts by di ofi lurlic plic hily nd oclsystm cannt ng t th bakad ntin h wld a sipl e f vatin uppod b y dedicatd an diciined rvo-tionry inoritis d n by tlrincrl In e nue thing vnglie here wih the mt pws. hey e

a we SJ'lis xplii\ ona uion whi is n to c raent r while oni aebl drect vutin int the dere


7/9

POJ,ITCL THEORY F ORIGN D 307

chnnels tug tei use o a iscliedort we een we e conine harevouton s ineiabe and heefoe do ooppose i te o look on it wth sgivigssie we cno conro he decon t wlte

Te Coms owes ve sil anoteradange or e Un Ss in at atst n sr thr rols andievemens are moe meangfl tedereveod natos os e oveUnon as ahiee nd Comunt Cinaatms o ahive wat th mo eedndereopd aions se: a dastiinresen ao ouput hrogh rapid indsiaion The omunist powe se oaaianonro as ler insrent a Comusdore as toaizato Seeg h sae

lt te nderdevopd ations aoe eing atraed by te meos wihough abou ese ests sh I contt he slw pocess, srecg over cen-uries ou wc he ons of he Wesaieved a i sndar ng though in-dsiaizato mus appea h ls o e.at i furhe essned b te eonompocesses of he fee mke nd te olcaproeses o lbel deoccy hrough whchin arge mesre ese ndusriaatio wsached Fo hs oss requie a egeeo moal esit and econoc n poitialsopscaio whc ae ae st eudeevelod aios e simple and crdemetods of oirsm mus ar ohe muc moe congeal.

s we arve at the disconering oncl-sio tha sss foreign a or eonoeeopent n oueoucive i thesocal nd il ol o e gvig ntion ste ecpient's socal a poil sly Isome cases a eas the alue o Ameia idfo eooi eelopmet y e been ing i iguise n t t did o surb a

stl hos ouane was in est uc ad ineded or econoc e-veopme cuy peorms te uconeie o a bie or of estige ad Here agai,oeer, thee funions re iey o e im-paied dappond expecaions o eco-no eveopmnt on he pa of he ing t eiet natio

is eualy moo queso wheer su-essf foreig ad fo economc deelopme soucve o e evelopent of emocaticstitutios td paes. Wtout sopng

ere to xn the omeiies of te elatonsh teen decra an eonmieveome t s eouh o obsee as recenthsor h mae lear h o neesy

usal elatos es etwen the twoe Ot impessiv eampe is e ovenio. I rapi economi deop hoe i n th oaiian gorn-en a case coud wl e ma fo teooson tht e fome wo ave been

impossble wthot the lter t s ore eln o tha where e ntelecul d molreoitions fo econoc deloe recking n popuatio at ge and areese oly sm ee as is tre in manyf he nderdeveoed ations e iposonf e wl o ha smal mo upon he -jory of te populato preeste nony fo the sar of eonomi deveoment buto for sstaied economi growth

s oce the promoion o a peaceforeign poliy ecoomc deveome is lkl

o be courroducive f a oicl ncenvefor a llgrt oregn polcy presen. Teonay ocuo ives fro popure totll nfon smton ha "pooons mae wa o "rch naion fo ecoomi avtge nd ha "ch Mtos re deto peael beause ey ave watey want n u o ose mos war haeeen ough nt for eoomi poladvantae, d piary n moechoogca oitos on econoica adned naons are e of wng modera. We did not consider e ove no tary rea as log as was ecoomalynderdeeod; t became ne wh i eo-o development h trnsorme i no modern iusra powr Sll ot Cina ody ecep o imedae neighos, only a potentl mili ea b o is econoi oe boh iely to ivad by eoomic evelopet.

oegn ad or eonomi deeopen, hn,as a ve muc smae ange onaucesful oeato ha s gea ieed. succes depends n goo mese o so

uh po s sondness sict ecoomcems s upon ineal, moal an oliialeoitions whi ae not suspibe conomc manuaon they ae susepbe mpulto fom the e a Frheore, e polical resul of scessfuoeg aid fo ecoomic develomen a eth unpeiable or ountrpouive es of e oitia goas o the givg naon[ ny een te re n arge measre ncon-rolable oreign d ord nd acepedo urposs o economic deveoen m

un ot to be somehing dere fo wat was innde t be nless i orenewad polica oitions win wi ts oper os lie it wl tu to be


8/9

B THE AME \ EVW

pestige , es a t wst Tdo to mh my he be gt ik a tod t tle and "masely iMctvity mymems e tt pt of dm

Il. CONiSJON fOR LY

h mor oclso or poli


9/9

ICA EY F GK D

uch o t benci esls at eates poltal altis t at of cipint ut positv oship a th i of thrie tble bewen th >d n iecia rut n an a thita hisphy te ial em, n

t oitial bjcvesf e g t

ote Tat i t ay if t ciet cotieo dsav of plca pilop yt ad obtvs gver, dst the ah as rced te otal ts o th adac ls. tru h rmans icd tht te a ee is bu tl, U icviLal.le, mufkLio of Lh iLi

[1962] a political theory of foreign aid

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