21 September 1973 SCIENCETVolumei I8 I. No. 4105

LETTERS ClU(iidIeineS for l)NA H!brid Nlolecules: Al. Singer and 1). Soil; Behalxvorism aindiI cedbh.ck C ontrol: W. M. Baiwno; H. W. Reese; W. 1. Powrs.................

EDITORIAL PLublic \iCVws of Scientists: A multhi L'trvio'i aLni.d C. /. Nunn ....................

ARTICLES Stablelc Isotope r.acers in tile Ihit SCicinces ind Mlediilne: .\ A. Ma!tii is/f LanidD. C. Ott .................................................

Specific SLuppression olt I unLIIe ReISponses: 1). A. RocYetv " .l....................

Informlation anld,. thle 1co.(a)i\ ot Scholars: T. R. Blyackburn.i... ...........................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Psv cholou(gy C linicians Seek IPrOtCSsioIIadl ALItIol'111N . . . . .. . . .

CoLIcil tof LU.S. Ac,ademn at Sciences Fxpresses C oncerlil to SovietCoLinterparts over Sakharov Halrr.assment ..........................

[hlc Health at' L.S. Science: NISB SaNs the l-roesi.s.IS,GLu-rICe.. ... ...........( ongre-Cs alld LeXCCtltieC: \paiildlilel anil Adv ersatyN elWatioiship ....................

Qualisars: Are They Near oI Far, YOUI1g Galaxies or Not? ..... ...... .... .....

Cosmoloog,y: The First Large lRadio Red Shift ..................................

Stathilltv anld ( oillplexitv in \od LcosN steils / iu t (l 1).MSidhrlvIsoI: Tile\\aorlds Ctits. 1?. 1. Lu:cr: Thermodynamric \ speets Ot DeNvelpiloeiltal BiologyK. KovriucAcr/; Patterns ill Plilat Developmcn,t P. B1 (.ra ii:, Hooks RZeceived .

BOARD OF DIRECTORS GLENN T. SEABORG LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE RICHARD H. BOLT BARRY COMMONEFRetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect LEWIS M. BRANSCOMB EMILIO Q. DADDAI

CHAIRMEN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)Lipman Bers Edwin M. McMillan Thomas E. Taylor Frank D. Drake

SECRETARIES F F. A. Ficken Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. LandoltAAAS SECTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENICarl P. Duncan Robert K. Merton Ernest NagelWilliam D. Garvey Harvey Sapolsky Dudley Shapere

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCIJacob E. Goldman Gordon Swanson Martin Cattoni William HellerJordan D. Lewis Phillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman John Autian

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVIGunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President Executive Secretari

SCIENCE is published weekly, except the last week in December, but with an extra issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Association for the AdvancemeScience, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Now combined with The Scientific Monthly®. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright © 197the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $30; foreign postage: Americas $4, overseas $6, air lift to EuropeSingle copies $1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to Scientific Instruments which is $4. School year subscriptions: 9 months $22.50; 10 months $25. Provide 4 weeks noticchange of address, giving new and old addres; and zip codes. Send a recent address label. Science is indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

REPORTS Tropical Cyclone Bebe Creates a New Land Formation on Funafuti Atoll:J. E. Maragos, G. B. K. Baines, P. J. Beveridge ............................ 1161

Pressure Dependence of the Radioactive Decay Constant of Beryllium-7:W. K. Hensley, W. A. Bassett, J. R. Huizenga ............................. 1164

Thirst Satiation and the Temperature of Ingested Water: E. Dealux .. ................. 1166

Premature Births in California Sea Lions: Association with High OrganochlorinePollutant Residue Levels: R. L. DeLong, W. G. Gilmtiartin, J. G. Simnpson .... 1168

Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in vitro: Interaction of Thymus-Derived Cellsduring Cytotoxic Allograft Responses in vitro: H. Wagner .....................1170

Subfornical Organ: Site of Drinking Elicitation by Angiotensin II:J. B. Simnpson and A. Rouittenberg ........................................ 1172

Wilson's Disease: Identification of an Abnormal Copper-Binding Protein:G. W. Evans, R. S. Duibois, K. M. Hamnbidge .............................. 1175

Spontaneous Whole Brain Slow Potential Changes during Recovery from ExperimentalNeurosurgery: D. A. Irwin, H. E. Criswell, J. W. Kakolewski .............. 1176

Human Embryonic Kidneys in Organ Culture: Abnormalities of Development Inducedby Decreased Potassium: J. F. S. Crocker ........................... 1178

*DWARD E. DAVID, JR.YARD W. GOODENOUGH

iEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E)ielmut Landsberg?amon E. Bisque.NGINEERING (M)taynor L. Duncombe

Towner FrenchNFORMATION ANDCOMMUNICATION (T)

ordan Baruch;cott Adams

CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDENPHYLLIS V. PARKINS Treasurer

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G)Dorothy BlissRichard J. Goss

MEDICAL SCIENCES (N)Robert A. GoodF. Douglas Lawrason

STATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHEIFrederick Mosteller SCI ENCE'Ezra Glaser Max A. Kol

Louis J. Ba

WILLIAM BEVANExecutive Officer

ANTHROPOLOGY (H)- Richard N. AdamsAnthony Leeds

AGRICULTURE (0)Roy L. LovvornMichael A. Farrell

RIC AND HYDROSPHERICS (W)hlerattan

COVER

California sea lion carrying her pre-maturely delivered pup. See page 1168.[A. W. Smith, Naval Biomedical Re-search Laboratory, Berkeley, Califor-nia]

rhe American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in1874. Its objects are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, tomprove th effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under.tanding and appreciation of the importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

21 September 1973. Volume 18 1, Number 4105

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCEScience serves its readers as a forum for the

presentation and discussion of important issuesrelated to the advancement of science, including"he presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof view, rather than by publishing only materialon which a consensus has been reached. Accord-ingly, all articles published in Science-includingeditorials, news and comment, and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthor-s and not official points of view adopted bythe AAAS or the instituLtions with which the authorsare affiliatecd.

Editorial Board1973

H. S. GuroWsKYARTHUR D. HASLERRUDOLF KOMPFNERDANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JiR.

ALFRED BROWNJAMES F. CROWSEYMIOUR S. KEFRANK PRESS

PuiblisherWILLIAM BEVAN

'fanaging Edi

Assistant EdiIRINGLE

GARDNER LINDZEYRAYMOND H. THOMPSONEDWARD 0. WIILSON

1974FRAINK W. PUIJNAMMAXINE SINGERGORDON WOLNIAN

Editorial StaffEditor

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Researchi News: ALLEN L. HAMMOND, \N ILLIAMD. MEiZ, THOMAS H. MAUGH It, JEAN L. MlARX,ARtHUR L. ROBINSON

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SCIENCE

Public Views of ScientistsA Louis Harris poll taken in late 1972 allows one to make a quantita-

tive analysis of how the public feels about scientists. The result is ratherdifferent from what has often been bemoaned.

While the proportion of the public expressing "great confidence" inthe people "running science" has fallen from 56 percent in 1966 to 37percent in 1972, this decline does not support the notion that t1/e publicis disenchanted with science. Moreover, the trend might already bereversing itself. Five percent more people in 1972 than in 1971 ex-prcssed great confidence in the men and womnen of science. (Comparabledata on 1973 are not yet available.)

This falling away from science is part of a general lessening of faithin American institutions and authorities rather than a major antiscienceground swell. Questions were asked about 1 6 institutional areas, rangingfrom religion to the military, from the press to major U.S. companies.Appreciation for all of them, without exception, has fallen since 1966 tobelow the 50 percent nmark.

Science fares better than most instituLtions. It ranks third in the confi-dence list, surpassed only by nmedicine and finance. It ranks higher than,among other things, the U.S. Supreme CouLrt, the Congress, and thefederal executive branch. The relative position of science has improved.It ranked fifth in 1966 and since then has surpassed the military andeducation in the public's trust. While in 1966 it was 16 percentagepoints away from the highest rating, in 1972 the distance was only 11points.

Equally interesting are conclLtsions we have drawn from details of thepoll. Young people are niot the main source of lack of confidence, theirelders are. Highest ratings were given to scientists by the age group18 to 29 (41 percent "great confidence'), the lowest by those aged 50 anidover (33 percent). The age group in between was rather close to theyounger one (40 percent). The college educated are nzot Luddites ormembers of the counterculture or of antiscience brigades. They expresssignificantly more confidence in scientists than do high school graduates(49 percent and 33 percent, respectivecly), who in turn appreciatescientists much more than do those with still less education (20 percent).

People in the Deep South, in the ruLral parts of the country, andwhose income is lower than $10,000 a year stand out as least confidentin the scientific coninunity, as compared to those economically betteroff and those in the more developed parts of the country. That more'liberal" Americans might add to this nmain source of discontent issuggested by the fact that those who intended to vote for McGovernwere less favorable to scientists than those who intended to vote forNixon, by a margin of 33 to 41 percent.

Poll data, especially when we must draw on one poll alone, do notprovide a precise and reliable reading of the mind of the public. Butthe data do provide a useful antidote to quick overgeneralizations andgrand siniplifications as to the scope, ,ource, and direction of antisciencesentimelnts. For the friends of science, there seemC3s little grounld forhN sterical ,ilrIrni. While obvioLtsly the work atid vaiLtes of science nutstbe carried to many Americans, a job to which the AAAS has beendevoting increasingly more effort, there is certainly no reason to despairof public support or to believe that a greater recognition of the meritsof science cannot be regained.-AMITAI ETZIONI, Professor of Sociology,Coliumtibia University, and Director, Ceniter for Policy Research, Inc.,475 Riversile Drive, Newv York 10027, an1d CLYDE Z. NUNN, SenliorResearch Associate, Center for Policy Research, InIc.

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