1986 yearbook of agriculture research for tomorrow

1986 Yearbook of Agriculture

Research For Tomorrow

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The cover of Research For Tomorrow visualizes the hand of research working with the double helix of a molecule of DNA (deoxyriljonucleic acid)—the basis of heredity in organisms—to shape tomorrow's agriculture and forestry.

Research for TomorroMf

Foreword

ÜSDA's research function is as old as the department itself. It was

one of the agency's original functions, and it continues to serve us well today.

In today's complex agriculture, many of the issues faced by producers are nationwide in their impact and demand a national commitment to address them.

In some areas, the research to provide the answers will require such long-term risk and expense that the private sector may hesitate to undertake it. In those cases, there will be a need for concentrated Federal funding.

Once the results of basic research are in the public domain, the private sector can see opportunities to expand and modify them—to put them to work to improve the quahty of ufe by developing new uses and new markets for farm products, improving farm efficiency, and strengthening farmer profitability.

The basic impetus behind agricultural research is not simply to increase production—it is to find answers to the challenges society and agriculture face today—and wiU certainly confront tomorrow.

Our current challenge in agriculture is to remain competitive in the world market. U.S. producers must be able to produce their crops at a price that wiU allow them to be marketed successfully in this global economy. Research will help us discover more efficient and more cost-effective means of doing this.

Agriculture is a dynamic industry, and that dynamism is fueled by research. Dedicated men and women all over the United States—in the Federal Government, the vast network of State Experiment Stations, and private industry—are part of a common effort to seek answers that will ultimately benefit all of us.

The excitement and the rewards of their work are evident in the 1986 Yearbook of Agriculture. "Research for Tomorrow" pays tribute to the vital role research plays in enabling U.S. agriculture to be a strong world- class industry.

RICHARD E. LYNG Secretary of Agriculture

Research for Tomorrow

Preface John J. Crowley, Yearbook Editor

This is not the ultimate book on agricultural research. Not even

close. It is, we hope, an enlightening

glimpse into just a few aspects of the research generated by or involving dedicated people in the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture (USDA) and the 56 State Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions, as well as many others, includ- ing scientists in the private sector.

From the beginning, the choice of subjects to be included in the book has been controversial—perhaps in- herently so. It is not easy, pleasant, or perhaps even rational, to leave out research into soil and water conservation, aquaculture, farm management, irrigation, marketing, tillage, tradi- tional plant and animal breeding, plant and animal production, tradi- tional pesticides, rural development, transportation, and economic conse- quences—to name just a few subjects in a very broad spectrum—and still maintain that this is a book about agricultural research.

Yet the committees and advisers that selected the subjects in Research for Tomorrow saw value in presenting just a few subjects in some depth. They hoped the book would help increase understanding of at least some significant aspects of modem agricultural research.

At the same time, they said that the dissemination of research results needed to be covered in the book, as well as the land-grant system which not only houses much of today's im=- portant research but also trains our youth for the challenges of tomorrow.

Without this infrastructure, there would be far fewer seeking answers and too few benefiting from those answers.

My warm thanks go out to all those who helped make this Yearbook possible. Many of them are named in the Credits at the end of the book. USDA is especially grateful to the authors, who took time from research and administration to provide the benefit of their knowledge and insight.

I'm confident that the readers will find their efforts valuable.

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Contents

Foreword i Richard E. Lyng, Secretary of Agriculture Preface ii ]ohn J. Crowley, Yearbook Editor

Part f. Agricultural Research ... i 1. Role of Research in Agriculture 2

Orville G. Bentley 2. Jonathan Baldwin Turner, EvangeUst of the Land-

Grant University Movement 11 Patricia B. Lewis

3. Agricultural Research: Who Pays and Who Benefits? 14 John E. Lee, Jr. and Gary C. Taylor

Part IL Biotechnology: An Overview ... 23 1. Biotechnology PoUcy—PubUc Perception,

Participation, and the Law 24 Judith R. Curry

2. Implications of the Biotechnology Revolution for Agriculture 37 Neville P. Clarke

3. International Dimensions of Biotechnology 42 Sue Ann Tolin

Part III. Biotechnology: Its Application in the Microbial World 47

1. Using Biotechnology in Food Processing Today 48 Daryl B. Lund

2. The Future of Biotechnology in Food Processing ... 52 Susan K. Harlander and Richard G. Gamer

3. Fermentations 56 Larry L. McKay and Kathleen A. Baldwin

4. Soil Microbes Could Help Clean the Environment 60 Philip C. Kearney

5. Biotechnology and Soilbome Plant Diseases ........ 62 George C. Papavizas and Joyce E. Loper

ill


Part IV, Biotechnology: Its Application to Animals 67

1. Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction 68 George £. Seidel, Jr.

2. Gender Preselection in Farm Animals 73 Lawrence A. Johnson

3. Membrane Research: New Approach to Treatment of Gastrointestinal Illnesses 77 Robert A. Argenzio

4. The Body's Army—Its Immune System 80 Gary A. Splitter

5. Genetically Resistant Animals ...... 86 Lyman B. Crittenden

6. A Revolution in Immunology—Monoclonal Antibodies 90 Richard A. Goldsby

7. Improving Animal Health Through Monoclonal Antibodies 94 David B. Snyder

8. Genetic Engineering Can Help Control Disease .... 98 James L. Bittle

9. New Vaccines for Old Diseases 104 Kenneth J. Cremer

Part If. Biotechnology: Its Application to Plants 109

1. Photosynthesis—Improving Conversion of Sun Energy .110 David W. Krogmann

2. Nitrogen Fixation in Nordeguminous Plants 112 Iris F. Martin

3. Plant Growth Regulators 117 Machi F. Dilworth

4. Producing Disease-Resistant Plants 121 Roger N. Beachy

5. Plant Microbes: Beneficial and Detrimental 124 William E. Fry

6. Jumping Genes That Control Plant Traits 127 Lila 0. Vodkin

tv


7. Genes for Pathogenicity 130 George H. Lacy

8. Techniques to Improve Plant Characteristics .134 Karen Woodbury Hughes

9. Plants Defend Themselves Chemically .139 Udo Blum

Part VL Insects and Weeds 143 1. Natural Pesticides 144

Martin Jacobson 2. Biological Control 148

Lloyd A. Andres 3. Altering Insect Brain Chemistry .152

Michael E. Adams 4. Tinkering With Insects' Bioclocks .158

Dora K. Hayes 5. Decoding Insects' Chemical Communications ......164

Wendell L. Roelofs 6. Keeping Ahead of the Wolf: Pest Resistance to

Agricultural Pesticides 168 B. A. Croft

Part VIL Human Nutrition and Food .... 175 1. Diet and Health in the United States 176

Daphne A. Roe 2. Diets of Americans: How Good Are They? 182

Betty B. Peterkin 3. Dietary GuideUnes for Americans .188

Susan Welsh

Part VIIL Our Forest Resources 197 1. Forests of the Future 198

Ross S. Whaley

2. Forest Biology Research and the 21st Century 206 Stanley L. Krugman and Stephen E. McDonald

3. Techniques for Future Decisionmaking in Range, Wildlife and Fisheries Management 209 James M. Sweeney and Gale L. Wolters


4. Forest Land Management Decisions 212 Nelson S. Loftus, Jr.

5. At the Threshold of Scientific Reforestation 215 Stephen E. McDonald

6. Managing Future Forests for Wilderness and Recreation , .217 Robert C. Lucas

7. Protecting Forest Resources fi'oni Disease .221 Harry R. Powers, Jr.

8. Protecting Future Forests from Insects ..............225 William J. Mattson

9. Protecting Forest Resources from Fire 228 James B. Davis

10. Research to Protect Wood 233 R. a DeGroot

11. Managing and Protecting Forest Water Resources .. .236 Dale S. Nichols

12. Determining the Effects of Atmospheric Deposition .242 David L Radloff

13. Soil Erosion and Management Activities on Forested Slopes 247 Robert R. Ziemer

14. Using Weather in Forest Management .250 Michael A. Fosberg

15. Forest Harvesting, Wood Utilization, and Products of the Future 253 H. M. Montrey and John L Zerbe

16. Assessing Forest Resources and Demands .262 David Darr

Iff


Part IX. Sharing New Knowledge 271 1. Future Role of Electronic Technolog in Agricultural

Research and Extension 272 David W. Dik and Charlotte B. Travieso

2. Agricultural Agent of the Future 282 David W. Dik and Charlotte B. Travieso

3. Information Centers: From Irradiation to Biotechnology and Beyond 285 Maña G. Pisa

4. New Technologies: Computerizing the Future 294 Robert W. Butler

Part X. Careers In Agriculture and Beyond 301 1. Agriculture: A World of Scientific and Professional

Opportunities .302 Dale Stansbury and Kyle Jane Coulter

2. Beyond the Farm Gate: An Abundance of Career Opportunities 304 Dale E. Wolf

3. Scientists and Professionals on the Job 306 Stanley C. Ernst and Kenneth W. Reisch

4. "Aggies" 313 Stanley C. Ernst and Kenneth W. Reisch

5. Ag Graduate—Will Travel 317 H. O. Kunkel

6. Accelerating Into Tomorrow 323 Henry A. Robitaille

Credits 328 Index 329

Mention of a company name or product in this publication does not constitute a warranty or endorsement of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to the exclusion of other companies or products not mentioned.

vu

Continuing strong support for our nation's science and technology has been and will continue to be a policy of this Administra- tion. The goals of this support are enhanced national security, im- proved quality of life, and in- creased national competitiveness. Today, more than ever before, we must use our technological resources aggressively in order to retain international leadership.

—President Reagan, 1986 State of the Union Address


Credits

The people who made this book possible, besides the authors, include: • USDA's research information team,

which helped outline and produce this yearbook. They are: Ovid Bay, Ben Blankenship, Eugene Parkas, Hubert Kelley, Patricia Lewis, Rob- ert Nelson, Linda Russell, and Johna Pierce, aU public affairs offi- cers from agencies of USDA.

• Administrators John Patrick Jordan, Cooperative State Research Serv- ice, and Terry B. Kinney, Agricul- tural Research Service, who pro- vided guidance and cooperation at every point along the way.

• The associate editors, who made the final selections for the contents of each major section and then found the appropriate authors. They and the authors overcame a difficult time constraint. These associate editors are:

Biotechnology John F. Fulkerson, Cooperative State Research Service H.G. Purchase, Agricultural Re- search Service

Insects and Weeds H.G. Purchase

Human Nutrition and Food Melden Nesheim, Cornell University

Our Forest Resources George Moeller, Forest Service

Sharing New Knowledge Ovid Bay, Extension Service Eugene Parkas, National Agricul- tural Librar}'

Careers in Agriculture Kyle Jane Coulter, Director, Higher Education Programs Dale Stansbury, National Associa- tion of State University and Land- Grant Colleges

• All named below are in the Office of Information, Office of Govern- mental and Public Affairs.

Art Director: George Baka, Design Division Designer: Deborah Taylor, Design Division Cover Artist: Vincent Hughes, Design Division Production Artists: Deborah Taylor, Richard Barnes, Victor Neivman, Design Division Photo Editor: June Davidek, Pho- tography Division Text Editor: Grace L Krumwiede, consultant to the Special Programs Division Printing Coordinator: Warren Bell, Printing Branch, Publishing Division

32B CREDITS


Index

A. rhizogenes, 131 Absinthen, 145 Acería chondrillae, 150 Acetabularia, 163 ACTH 1-17, 159 Acid rain, 206. 232, 241-244,

273 Acids, abscisic, 117, 119, 120;

amino, 24, 39, 53-54, 83, 95, 100, 112, 127, 139, 155; from wood, 260; hydrocyanic, 141; lactic, 59; nitric, 241; nucleic, 111, 139; organic, 53; shiki- mic, 140

Adams Act of 1906, 5 Adams, Michael E., 152 Adhesives, 258-260 Advanced Genetic Sciences,

Inc., 33, 36 Aifinin. See Amide. Afghanistan, 204 Africa, 105, 147, 204; East, 204,

317; North, 317 Agency for International Devel-

opment, 317, 320 Agonists, 168 AGRíCOLA, 288, 289, 291, 293,

294, 295, 296, 297, 298 Agricultural Marketing Service,

275 Agricultural Research Service, 6,

61, 141, 161, 186, 245, 275 Agricultural research, 2-11,

14-21, 272-281, 285, 290, 323 Agrobacteria, 130, 131 Agrobacterium tumefaciens,

131,133,207 Alabama, 222 Alaska, 240 Alcohol, 177, 179; butyl,

258-259; ethyl, 258, 260 Alcoholic beverage, 183, 186,

188, 193 Aldicarb, 170 Alfalfa, 113, 136, 137, 151 Algae, 240 Alkaloids, 139, 141, 142 Altemaria solani, 138 American Association for the

Advancement of Science, 37 American Diabetes Association,

176 American Dietetic Association,

176, 192 American Heart Association, 176 American Medical Association, 176 American Minor Breeds Con-

servancy, 36

American Red Cross, 189, 194 Amide, 147 Amines, 168 Amitraz, 172 Ammonia, 112, 113, 116 Amniocentesis, 71 Amylase, 59 Anabaenaazollae, 113, 116 Anaplasmosis, 105 Andres, Lloyd A., 148 Angiotensin, 156 Animal and Plant Health Inspec-

tion Service, 61 Animals, controlling disease in,

98-103; gene manipulation in, 89-90; genetically resistant, 86-89; improving health of, 94-98, 104-107

Antagonisms, 65 Antagonists, 167-168, 233 Antibiotics, 24, 64, 98, 233, 234.

See also Drugs. Antibodies, 89, 94, 95, 100, 104,

120 Antigens, 55, 80-85, 88, 89, 92,

95, 96, 99, 104 Aphids, 145, 147 Appalachian Mountains, 237;

Southern, 239, 244 Apples, 160 Aquaculture, 287, 290-291, 300 Arachidonic acid, 78 Ardelt, Tom, 327 Argenzio, Robert A., 77 Arid Lands Information Center, 292 Arizona, 145, 147 Armyv^^orms, 147 Arsenic, 96 Arthur D. Little, 52 Artificial insemination, 24, 68,

70, 73, 76, 77, 308 Artificial intelligence, 277, 278,

279,281,299 Asia, 105, 147, 150, 204,221;

South, 204 Asilomar Conference, 28-29 Atmospheric deposition, 203,

205, 242-246 Atomic Energy Commission, 35 Auburn University, 327 Australia, 42, 105 Austria, 205 Auxins, 117, 119, 136 Avermectins, 152 Avery, Dennis T., 2 Azadirachten, 148 Azolla, 113-115 B cell growth factor, 83, 84

BRS Information Technologies, 294, 297-298

Buffalo Gourd, 325 Bacillus thuringiensis, 151 Bacteria, 80, 81, 82, 85, 92, 96,

100; and insects; 151, 156, 227; extracts, 103; and plants, 62-65, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 130-131, 168; cyanobac- teria, 112, 113, 114; food fer- menting, 56, 59; genetically engineered products, 42; ice nucleation, 12, 33, 35; soilborne, 62-63

Bacteriophage, 58, 129 BaÜy, J. A., 141 Baldwin, Kathleen A., 56 Bangladesh, 317 Bankhead-Jones Act, 5 Barley, 117, 119,323 Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.),

144-145 Batzer, Jean, 327 Beachy, Roger N., 121 Bees, 252 Beet armyworm, 170 Beetles, 147, 148, 164, 170, 234 Bell, Robert, 161 Benomyl, 63 Bendey, Orville G., 2 Berg, Paul, Dr., 28 Besóla, Amy, 313-315 Besóla, Mark, 315 Beta-asarone, 144 Big sagebrush (Artemisia tri-

dentata Nutt), 144-145 Biological control (biocontrol),

63-65; of insects, 148-151, 233

Bioreactors, 48-49 Biotechnology Science Board, 33. Biotechnology Science Coordi-

nating Committee, 33 Biotechnology, 8, 24-37, 56,

62-65,68-72, 112, 116, 120, 139, 207, 216, 234, 287, 304, 319, 323, 325; careers in, 302; ethics of, 27-28; forestry, 261; implications for agriculture, 37-42; international dimensions of, 42-45; in food processing, 52-55; and industrial chemical wood products, 257-260; NAL information center, 291 -292 ; plant microbes, 124-125, 126; regula- tions, 31-32, 37, 44, 126; public perception of, 24-25, 27;

INDEX 32B


reseiu-ch in, 24, 31-32, 37, 42- 44, 130

Bittle, James L., 98 Blueton^ue vii'us, 105 Blum, Udo, 139 Bob MiU-shaU Wilderness, 219 Bolan, Kenneth, 282 Boley, Jerry, 315 Brazil, 167 Bruceila abort us, 82, 83 Bruenlng, G„ 121 Buchanan, Piesident, 12 Budwomi, 167 BuiTna, 204 Bursicon, 154 Business Communications Co., 52 Butadiene, 260 Butler, Robert W., 294 Calamus (Acorus calamus L.),

144 Calcium, 78-79, 176, 178, 181,

184, 189, 192 Calcium ion, 119 Cíüiíbmia, 147, 148, 150, 274;

Asilomar, 28; central, 243; Los Angeles, 243, 244; northern, 265; Palo Alto, 294; Riverside, 229; southern, 259; Stanford, 28

California Experiment Station, Berkeley, 14

Califomia red-scale, 166 CALS, 289, 292 Cambodia, 204 cAMP, 78-79 Canada, 144, 264, 269 Canada thistle, 142 Cancer, 27, 82, 92, 98, 193, 273;

biológica anticancer treatment, 40; colon ceUs, 78, 192; dietary practices, 11, 178-179, 181

Cai-bon dioxide, 110-112, 139, 232, 242, 326

Cardiovascular disease, 40, 177-181, 190, 191

Careers, agricultural, 302-303, 304-305, 306-312, 313-316, 317-322, 323-327

Carotenoids, 140 Caniel, Mary Turner, 12 Casein, 56 Catopril, 156 Cattle, 40, 61, 72, 73, 81, 94,

104, 105, 107 CD-ROM, 298-299, 300 CeU fusion, 8, 24, 44, 90, 92 Cellophane, 260 Cells, 100; B-ceU clones, 92, 95;

immune, 80-85; myeloma, 95. See also lymphocytes and macrophages.

Cellulase, 120 Cellulose, 234, 258 Cellulose acetate, 260, 261

Central America, 3, 147, 204 Cercospora apii, 138 Charcoal, 257, 259 Cheese, 48, 57 Chemotherapy, 86, 94, 96 Chestnut hüght, 126, 221, 261 Chilcuan [Heliopsis longipes

(A. Gray) Blake], 144 China, 150, 273 Chinese tallow tree, 259, 292 Chitin, 234 Chlordimefonn, 156-157 Chlorophyll, 140 Chlorpromazine, 79 Cholesterol, 177, 186, 189,

190-192, 194 Chondrilla júncea, 150 Chromapiiis jugkindicola, 150 Chromatogi'aphy, gas, 164-165 Chromosomes, 73, 90, 102, 105,

127, 128, 129, 130, 133; auto- somes, 73; sex, 73

Chromosomal aberrations, 135-136

Chrysolina quadrigemina, 148 Cineole, 145 Citrus, 166, 183 Citms tristeza virus, 125 Clarke, NeviUeP., 37 Clawson, Marion, 204, 206 Clomng, 58, 88, 105, 129, 131,

134, 324; in animal reproduction, 71 ; in biolo^cal control, 64; molecular, 86-87; of T ceUs, 83

Coccidiosis, 27 CodÜng moth larvae, 160 Cohen, Ed, 90 Coleóptera, 164 Collaborative Research Support

Program, 317 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Í. sp, aeschynomene, 151 Colorado, 145 Colorado potato beetie, 145 Colorado State University, 282 Committee on Diet, Nutrition

and Cancer, 179 Commonwealth Agricultural Bu-

reaux, 294 Communication technology. See

Technology, electronic and In- formation

Compact disks, 277, 280 Competitive Research Grants Of-

fice, 7 Com-Ply, 254 Computers, 8, 215-216, 218,

275, 281, 285, 299, 300, 305, 323, 327; computerized scheduling, 234; home, 277; in natural language processing, 278-279, in predicting plant disease, 124; interactive video system, 279, 295-296;

forestry models, 210, 212-214, 227

Congress, 4, 245 Consultative Group on Interna-

tional Agricultural Reseaich, 320

Consumers, 11, 15 Construction, 233, 253-256, 263,

264, 265 Continental Grain Company, 311 Control Data Corporation, 296 Cooperative State Research Ser-

\/ice, 6, 53, 245 Copaifera multijuga, 326 Copper, 177 Com, 3, 129, 130, 137-138, 151,

160, 324; pathogens, 124; stalk rot disease, 122

Corticosteroids, 103, 259 Cotton, 120, 319 Cotton leafperforator, 167 Coulter, Kyle Jane, 302 Coumaphos, 60-61 Coumarins, 147 Council on Enviionmental QUíü-

ity, 35 Cowpea, mosaic \irus, 121 Cows, 96 Crambe, 9, 292 Craneilies, 228 Cremer, Kenneth J., 104 Crick, Francis, 127 Crittenden, Lyman B., 86 Croft, B.A., 168 Crown gall, 125-126, 131, 133 Cryopreser\'ation, 70-71 CuiTY, Judith R., 24 Cyclic adenosine mono-

phosphate, 78 Cyciosporin A, 103 Cyhexatin, 172 Cytokines, 82. See also Inter-

leu kin 1. Cytokinins, 117, 119, 120 Dan, David, 262 Dates, 319 Da\ás, James B., 228 DDT, 152, 170 Deacetoxyraatricailn, 145 Deoxyubonucleic acid (DNA), 2,

8,24, 39,55, 131,60-61, 64, 86-87,88, 100, 105, 116, 119, 122, 127-130, 131, 137, 139

DeGroot, R. C, 233 Department of Defense, 254 Department of Llealth, Educa-

tion & Welfare, 28-29 Desertification, 203, 204 Deverall, B. J., 141 Diabetes, 11, 40, 176, 180, 181,

190 DIALCOM, 294 DIALOG Information Retrieval

Service, Inc., 294, 297-298 Diapause, 159-163

330 !NDEX


Diebold, John, 10 Diet, eating practices, 185; food

selection, 182-184; in disease prevention, 177-181; surveys of, 182-187

Dietary Guidelines, 182, 185, 187, 188-195

Dik, David W., 272, 282 Dillman, Don A., 281 Düworth, Machi F., 117 Disease rice blast, 173 District of Columbia, District

Court, 35, 36 Dominican Republic, 317 Douglas, Stephen A., 12-13 Drosophila melanogaster, 130,161 Drugs, 155-156; antimicrobial,

99. See also Pharmaceuticals. Duke, W, B., 142 Durrant, Barbai'a, 307-308 Dutch elm disease, 126 East, 236, 244, 266 Eastern States, 269 Ecdysone, 159. Set* also Hor-

mones, molting. Ecology, 216, 227 Economic Research Service, 6,

275 Ecosystems, forest, 225, 227,

233, 243, 246; aquatic, 240; wilderness, 230

Ecydsis. See Hormone, molting. Egypt, 167 Electroantennogram, 164 Electronic Technology. See

Technology. Electronic Dissemination of In-

formation System, 275 Electrons, 110-111, 113 Embryos, 68-72; applications of

biotechnology with, 72; characteristics of, 68; presexing, 98; splitting of, 41, 71; transfer, 73, 304, 308

Encoded cards, 277, 280 Endangered Species Act of

1973, 210 Energy, light, 110-112 Energy, sun. See Photo-

synthesis. England, 4, 163, 310. See also

United Kingdom. Environmental Impact State-

ment, 34-37, 44 Environmental Protection

Agency, 32, 33, 34, 209, 245 Environmental assessment

(EA), 35, 37, 126 Enzyme analysis, 223 Enzymes, 24,' 39, 43, 60, 78,

92, 98, 117, 119, 127, 133, 141, 151, 156, 171, 173; alpha-amylase, 119, amylase, 59; B-galactosidase, 59; cellulase, 120, 133; galacturonase,

120; in fermentation, 52-55, in insects, 155, 161; in resist- ing soilborne plant disease, 64-65; microbial, 233; nitro- genase, 112, 115, 116

Epcot Center, Future World, 327; The Land, 327

Epithelial membrane, 77-79 Ernst, Stanley C, 306/313 Escherichia coli (E. coli), 64,

96, 116 Ethylene, 117 Eupho7'hia latyris, 326 Europe, 105, 121, 148, 221,

243, 319; Eastern, 150 European corn borer larvae, 160 Expert systems, 277-279, 283,

299 Extension, 6-7, 189, 272-285 Extension Service, 272, 275,

279, 284, 295, 299; Cooper- ative, 6-7, 272, 277; Elec- tronic Information Network, 275

Fanjoy, Julia Ford, 312-313 Farm Bul of 1977, 293 Fats, 54, 111, 177, 184, 185,

186, 189, 190, 191, 192; and cancer, 179; and diabetes, 180

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, 33

Federal Land Policy and Man- agement Act of 1976, 210

Federal Register, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 433

Federal Republic of Germany, 243. See also West Germany.

Feltes, Richard J,, 311-312 Fenvalerate, 172. See also Py-

re throid s. Fermentation, 48-51, 56-59;

deep-tank, 65 Fiberboard, 253-256 Fire, 233, 250, 251, 252, 263, 269 Firs, 208, 244, 246 Fish, 209, 210, 211, 236, 239,

268, 269, 270, 327 Fish and Wildlife Conservation

Actof 1980, 210 Flakeboard, 206 Flavohacterium sp., 61 Flavoring agents, 53 Fleas, 147, 157 Flies, 105, 144, 147; apple

maggot, 164; face, 161-163; filth, 161, 163; fruit, 130, 161; horn, 161; Hessian, 226; house, 161, 162, 170,173

Florida, 144, 147, 222 Flow cytometiT, 76-77 Food additives, 53-54 Food and Agricultural Organi-

zation, 288, 291, 320; AGRIS database, 294

Food and agricultural sciences, careers in, 305-306

Food and Drug Administration, 31, 33, 34, 275, 286

Food and Nutrition Service, 292-293

Food and Nutrition Information Center, 292-293, 295

Food irradiation, 286, 287, 289-290

Food processing, 48-51, 52-55 Food security, 8-9, 21, 302 Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act,

34 Food Security Act, 8 Food Stamp Program, 190 Foods, from wood, 260; low cal-

orie, 54; natural, 54; safety of, 10-11, 55, See also Diet and Dietary Guidelines.

Foot-and-mouth disease, 27, 95, 104

Forbes, S. A., 13 Ford Foundation, 320 Forest and Rangeland Renewa-

ble Resources Planning Act (RPA), 262, 263

Forest Service, 6, 198, 210, 217, 229, 230, 236, 245, 250, 262, 264, 275

Forest management, 206, 208, 210, 211, 212-214, 225, 241, 244, 246, 247, 250-252, 264, 270; multiple-use, 209-210, 212

Forest products, 206, 235, 253-261

Forest research, 198, 205-206, 207-208, 210-212. 218, 222-223, 225, 227, 228-232, 236-241, 242-246, 253-261, 264-265; on erosion, 247-249

Forest resources, deforestation of, 273; demand for, 200, 236, 241; assessing, 262-270;- maldistribution of, 200; protecting from disease, 221- 225; protecting from fire, 228-232; protecting from insects, 225-228; recreational use, 206, 209, 217-221, 227-228, 268, 270; re- newability of, 198; water, 236-242. See also Forest management. Forest products, and Forest research.

Formamidines, 152 Fosberg, Michael A., 250 Foundation on Economic

Trends (FOET), 35, 36; FOET V. Block, 36; FOET v. Heckler, 35; FOET v. Thomas, 36

Fourier transform data systems: 165

INDEX 331


France, 42, 144, 150, 243 Francoueur, Robert T., 28, 37 Frankia, 114, 115, 116 Frankün, Ben, 259 Fry, William E., 124 Fuels, fossil, 241; from wood,

258-259, 260, 292; mobile, 326

Fungi, 41, 62-65, 126, 140, 147, 151, 168, 225, 233-234; cereal rusts, 223; fusiform rust, 207, 221, 222, 224; leaf blighting, 124; wheat rust, 223; white pine blister rust, 221, 223; white rot, 261

Fungicides, 63, 125, 145, 170, 173, 224-225, 241

Furfural, 260 Fusarium oxysporum, 138 Galactose, 59 Galacturonase, 120 Gametes, 68-72 Gamma Interferon, 83, 84 Garner, Richard G., 52 Genes, 60-61, 82, 83, 86, 100,

102, 127, 155, 159, 171-172; identification, 86-88, 325; in- jection into animals, 72; manipulation of, 89-90, 127; nitrogen fixation, 115-116; opd, 61; osmoprotectant, 207; splicing of, 224; T-cell recep- tor, 88; transfer of', 89. See also Jumping Genes.

Genetic engineering, 24, 25, 27, 37, 52, 85, 95, 99, 102, 104, 304, 325; concepts, 38; controlling disease, 63, 98- 103, 124-126; in forestry, 201, 203, 207, 208. See also rDNA and Biotechnology.

Genetics research, 86, 213 Genome, 102, 105, 122, 127,

131, 226 Georgia, 3, 222, 224 Gerdes, Steven, 308 Germany, See West Germany. Gibberellms, 117, 119 G/üíTzoiir magazine, 312 Giiocladiimi virens, 64 Glucose, 59, 258, 260 Glucosides, 141 Glycerol, 159 Gnats, 105 Goldsby, Richard A,, 90, 94 Golob, P., 148 Government Printing Office,

189, 194 Grainger, Andrea, 327 Great American Desert, 145 Great Plains, 150 Greece, 150 Green lacewing, 151 Green rice hopper, 173 Green, William G., 12

Gregory, John M., 4, 13 Guatemala, 161 Guayule, 9, 203, 292, 326 Hairy root, 131 Halliday, Chris, 327 Halo blight, of beans, 133 Hamilton, R. I., 122 Harborne. J, B„ 140 Harlander, Susan K., 52 Hanel, Roy, 325 Hat^ard Law School, 308;

Business School, 310 Hatch Act of 1887, 5 Hayes, Dora K, 158 Health, and diet, 176-181,

188-195 Heart disease. See Cardio-

vascular disease. Heleothis arviigera, 172 Hellebore, 144 Helm inthosporiam may dis

Race T., 137-138 Hentschel, Margit, 327 Herbicides, 60, 111, 133, 168,

230, 241 Herpes virus, 81 Heterocysts, 114-115, 116 Hilgard, Eugene, 14 Hill, M. J., 179, 181 Hippocrates, 75 Histocompatibility, 82, 89 Hog cholera, 99 Honduras, 161 Homones, 83, 92, 136, 154;

bovine growth, 40, 325; growth, 58; in insects, 159-160, 234, juvenile, 154, 157; molting, 154, 160; plant growth, 117-120

Horses, 94, 98, 104, 141 Housing. See Construction. Hughes, Karen Woodbury, 134 Human Nutrition Information

Service, 186, 188-189, 192 Humane Society of the United

States, 36 Humboldt County, 148 Hybridization, 24, 129 Hybridomas, 84, 90, 92, 93, 94,

95 Hydrogen peroxide, 161 Hydroponics, 327 Hypertension, 156, 177-178,180 Idaho, 144 Illinois, 12, 13, 311 Illinois College, 12 Illinois State University, 327 Immune system, 80-85, 98,

100, 103, 104 Immunology, revolution in,

90-93 Immunopharmaceuticals, 103.

See also Pharmaceuticals. India, 147, 167, 204, 317 índole acetic acid. See Auxins.

Information, agricultural at- taches, 319-320; changing needs, 274; delivery of, 275, 277; revolution, 272, 280- 281. See also Technology, electronic and National Ag- ricultural Library.

Information cerrters. See Na- tional Agricultural Library.

Insecticides, 60, 125, 144-147, 151, 152, 153, 154

Insects, 98, 130, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 233, 234, 243, 244, 263, 268, 269; biological control of, 40-41 ; brain chemistry of, 152-157; bioclocks of, 158-163; decoding chemical communications of, 164-168; protecting forests from, 225-228, 261; resistance to pesticides, 168-173

institutional Biosafety Commit- tee (IBC), 29, 31, 32

Institutions, 1890, 5-6 Insulin, 40, 42, 160 Integrated pest management

(IPM), 170-172, 225-227 Interactive videodisc, 277,

279-280 Inter-American Development

Bank, 320-321 Interferon, 40, 103, 107 Interleukin 1, 82, 103 Interleukin 2, 82-83, 84, 103.

107 International agricultural col-

lege programs, 317-322 International Agricultural Re-

search Centers, 318, 320 International Union for Con-

servation of Nature and Natural Resources, 203, 204

Iran, 150 Iron, 189, 192, 194 Isoprimosine, 103 Italy, 150; Rome, 294 Jacobson, Martin, 144; M., 148 James, L. F., 141 Jamestown, 3 Japan, 42, 150, 163, 173, 177,

319 Jennings, Vivan, 282 Johnson grass, 141-142 Johnson, Lawrence A., 73 Joint Council on Food and Ag-

ricultural Sciences, 7 Jojoba, 292, 326 Jumping genes, 122, 127-130,

See also genes. Juvocimene I and II, 145 Kearney, Philip C, 60 Keeler, R. F., 141 Kenaf, 292 Key worth, George, Dr., 37 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 115,116

332 INDEX


Knowledge systems. See Arti- ficial intelligence.

Köhler, George, 92, 94 Korea, 150 Kraft, 327 Krogmann, David W., 110 Krugman, Stanley L., 206 Kuc, J., 123 Kunkel, H. O., 317 L-dopa, 259 LaRibida Institute, 92 Lactohacillus, 59 Lac tones, 141 Lactose, 56, 58-59 Lacy, George H., 130 Land-grant universities, 4-5,

11-14, 275,281, 306, 317 Laser disc, 279, 295-297, 300 Latin America, 147 Leafrniners, 147 Leafy spurge, 150 Lee, John K, Jr., 14 Legislation, 4-5, 8; Adams Act,

1906, 5; Bankhead-Jones Act, 1935, 5; Endangered Species Act of 1973, 210; Farm Bill of 1977, 293; Federal Insec- ticide, Fungicide and Rodent- icide Act, 33; Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, 210; Fish and Wüd- life Conservation Act of 1980, 210; Food, Drug and Cos- metics Act, 34; Food Security Act, 1985, 8; Forest and Rangelands Renewable Re- sources Planning Act, 262, 263; Hatch Act, 1887, 5; Mclntire-Stennis Act, 1962, 5; MorriU Act, 1890, 5; 1962, 4; National Agricultural Re- search, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act, 1977, amended 1981, 7-8; National Aquaculture Act of 1980, 291; National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 34-36, 210; National Forest Man- agement Act of 1976, 210; Purnell Act, 1925, 5; Smith- Lever Act, 1914, 5; Title XII, 1975 Foreign Assistance Act, 318; Toxic Substances Con- trol Act, 32; Virus, Serum and Toxic Act, 34

Lepidoptera, 164 Leukocytes, 102 Leukotrienes, 78 Levamasol, 103 Lewis, Patricia B., 11 Lice, 144, 147 Lignin, 259, 261 Lilalool, 145 Lincoln, Abraham, 4, 12-13 Lipid Research Clinics Primary

Prevention Trial, 177 Lipopolysacch arides, 130 Lipoxygenase, 79 Livestock, 27, 77, 86, 161, 268,

304; gastrointestinal illnesses of, 77-79; gender preselection of, 73; poisoning by plants, 141; productivity of, 104

Loftus, Nelson S., Jr., 212 Leper, Joyce E., 62 Lucas, Robert C, 217 Lund, DarylB., 48 Lymphocytes, 80-85, 90, 92; B,

81, 83, 84, 85, 92, 94, 95, 96, 105; T, 81, 84, 85, 105

Lymphoid leukosis, 88-89 MacKinnon, J., Senior Circuit

Judge, 36 Mack V. Califano, 35 Macrophages, 80, 81-82, 84 Maize, See Corn, Malthus, Thomas R., 302 Mamey (Mammea Americana

L.), 144, 147 Margosa. See Neem. Martin, Iris F., 112 Massachusetts, 12 Mattson, William J., 225 McCall's magazine, 310-311 McClintock, Barbara, 129, 134 McDonald, Stephen E., 206,215 McGrann, Jim, 281 Mclntire-Stennis Act, 5 McKay, Larry L., 56 Melonworms, 147 Mendel, Gregor, 127 Metaseiulus occidentalis, 151 Methoprene, 156-157. See also

Hormones, in insects. Methyl chavicol, 145 Metropolitan Life insurance

Co., 180 Mexico, 145-146 Mice, gene transfer in, 89 Michigan, 241 Michigan State University, 142 Micro-organisms, 52-53, 99,

139, 140, 142, 151, 228, 233, 261; soil, 60-61. See also Mi- crobes.

Microbes, plant, 124-126; soil, 62-65

Mid-Atlantic States, 241 Midwest, 235, 247; States, 69,

236, 306 Mük, 98, 136, 182, 183, 189,

191-192 Milkweed bug, 145 Milstein, Cesar, 92, 94 Minerals, 177, 184, 185, 189,

269, 270 Minnesota, 241 Minton, N. A., 141 Mississippi, 222 Mites, 145, 150, 151, 168; spi-

der, 167, 172 Molasses, 260 Molecular biology. 111, 112,

116, 119, 120, 139 Molecular genetics, 48, 89, 112,

115,116 Molecules, recombinant DNA,

44; RNA(mRNA), 119, 127, 128, 139; antibody, 92; im- munoglobulin, 83; in plants, 110-111, 119, 123, 139-141; on lymphocyte membranes, 81; protein, 82

Monarch butterfly, 161 Monellin, 54 Monoclonal antibodies, 55, 81,

84, 90-93, 94-98, 120, 125 Monokins. See interleukin 1. Monsanto Company, 33, 122 Montana, 219, 265, 269 Montrey H, M., 253 Merrill Act, 1862,4, 13; 1890,

5 MoiTill, Justin Smith, 13 Mosquitoes, 144, 145, 147, 151,

157 Moths, 164, 165, 167; clothes,

144, 147; diamondback, 170; Pine Beauty, 30

Mount Vernon, 4 MuUer, Eldon, 327 Murphy Farms, 312 Murphy-Cullen, Cassie, 309 Mushrooms, 257, 260 Mutations, 44, 134, 135, :

137-138 Mycorrhizae, 261 Mycotoxins, 98 Myelomas, 90, 92 Nairobi, 204 Natick Laboratory, 290 National Academy of Sciences,

11, 173 National Acid Precipitation As-

sessment Program, 245 National Agricultural Library

(NAL), 285-293, 294-300 National Agricultural Research

and Extension Users Advi- sory Board, 7

National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Pol- icy Act, 1977, amended 1981, 7-8

National Aquaculture Act of 1980, 291

National Commission on Mate- rials Policy, 253-254

National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement, 246

National Environmental Policy Act, 34-36, 210

National Forest Management Act of 1976, 210

INDEX 332


National Forests, 210, 236, 265, 266

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 193

National Institutes of Health, 275; rDNA research guidelines, 28-32, 35, 41, 43

National Nutrient Data Bank, 186

National Nutrition Monitoring System, 186

National Oceanic and Atmos- pheric Administration, 291

National Research Council, Food and Nutrition Board, 186

National Science Board, 37 National Science Foundation, 7 National Wilderness System,

230 Natural language processing,

278-279 Neem {Azadirachta indica A.

Juss.l 144, 147-148 Nematicides, 125 Nematodes, 141, 142, 147, 168 Neonatal diarrhea, 96 Neurohormones, insect,

153-157 Neurotransmitters, 78-79, 83,

153, 154, 155, 168 Nevada, 145 New England, 221, 241, 244 New York, Adirondack Moun-

tains, 241; Latham, 294; Campbell, 316

Newton, Isaac, 288 Nichols, Dale S., 236 Nicotine, 144, 152, 155 Nim. See Neem. Nitrogen, 62, 139, 208, 241,

261, 326; fixation, 112-116 Nobel Prize, 94 North America, 149, 205, 261,

312, 319 North Carolina State Univer-

sity, 261, 307, 312 North Dakota, 269; north cen-

tral, 274 Northeast, 235, 241 Northern jointvetch, 126, 151 Northwest, 236 Norway, 166 Norwich University, 4 Nutrition, 176, 203, 286 Nylon, 292 O.' M. Scott and Sons, 138 Oaks, 222 Oats, 142, 223, 323 Obesity, 176, 179-180 Octopamine, 156-157 Office of Critical Materials, 292 Office of Grants & Program

Systems, 245 Office of International Cooper-

ation and Development, 6 Office of Technology and As-

sessment, 18 Ohio State, 309, 315 Ohio, Circlevilie, 309 Oil, 54, 190,192, 325; btisil,

145; hydrocarbon, 259; neem, 147; rapeseed, 9; Tall, 259, 260; vegetable, 325

Oregon, northwest, 250, 265 Organization for Economic Co-

operation and Development, 44-45

Organophosphates, 152, 173 Organotm acaricides, 172 Osteoporosis, 181 Oxamyl, 170 Oxygen, 110, 112, 116, 161 Ozone, 243, 244 Pacific Basin, 273 Pacific Northwest, 172, 221,

223, 224, 237 Papavizas, George C, 62 Paper, 261, 292 Parasites, 80, 81, 105, 148-149,

150, 151, 167, 226, 227 Parathion hydrolase, 61 Parkinson's disease, 259 Particleboard, 253, 256 Pathogenesity, 130-133 Pathogens, 44, 62-63, 86, 103,

121, 123, 130-133, 140-141, 144, 151, 155, 156, 208, 222, 226, 227

Peace Corps, 317, 321-322 .Pear pyllaa, 172 Pears, 172 Peas, 113 Pellets, alginate, 65 Pennsylvania, 290 Pennsylvania State University,

293, 327 Peptides, 156, 159. See also

Neurohormones & Hor- mones.

Pesticides, 39, 60, 98, 124-125, 150, 166, 168, 173, 226, 233, 234, 250, 252, 269, 275; plant-derived, 144-148

Pests. See Insects, Integrated Pest Management, and Pesti- cides.

Peterkin, Betty B., 182 Pharmaceuticals, 258-259 Phenolics, 139-140, 142, com-

pounds of, 259 Phenylalanine, 140 Pheromones, sex, 154, 157,

164-165, 168 Philippines, 317 Phosphatidvhnositol, 78 Photosynthesis, 110=112, 113-

115, 140, 243 Physostigmine, 152 Phytoalexins, 121, 140-141

Phijtophthora infestans, 138 Phytosterol, 259 Pigs, 96, 104 Pines, 208, 221, 259, 261; dis-

eases of, 221-224; eastern white, 243; loblolly, 222-224, 244; ponderosa, 243; short- leaf, 244; slashs, 222-224, 244

Pink bollworm, 167; larvae of, 161

Pisa, Maria G., 285 Pitholithus tinctoriuH, 261 Plants, conventional breeding

of, 44; disease resistance, 40, 121-123, 130-133, 140-141, 226; gene research in, 127-130; growth regulators, 117-120, 304; improving characteristics of, 134-138; nutrition, 40, 227; mor- phogenesis, 119; nitrogen fixation in nonleguminous, 112-116; pathogens of, 62-63, 121, 132; pathogenicity in, 130-133; photosynthesis in, 110-112, 113; productivity, 40; research on microbes, 124-126

Plasmids, 56, 129-130, 131, 132, 133, 207

Plastics, 260 Plywood, 203, 253, 254, 255,

259, 265 Policy Research Corp., 52 Pollinators, 227 Pollutants, 232, 242-243, 250 Pollution, atmospheric, 205,

243, 252, 265, 273 Polyclonal antiserum, 92, 93 Poly peptides, 83 Poly sac chandes, microbial, 53 Population, 199-200, 201, 206,

273-274, 302, 304 Pork Industr\' Handbook (PIH),

296, 299 Potato scab, 131 Potatoes, 138, 323 Poultry, 86, 94, 97-98 Powers, Harry R., Jr., 221 Predicasts, Inc., 52 Premium Ag Commodities, 309 Prokaryotes, 112 Prostaglandins, 78 Protein, 98, 100, 102, 107, 112,

119, 120, 127-128, 130-132, 138, 139, 176, 178, 184, 189, 192, 325; ferredoxin, 113; flavodoxin, 113; G-gly- coprotein, 104; in insects, 155; in plants, 110-111; iron, 112, 116; lymphokines, 107; microbial, 261, molybdenum- iron, 112, 113, 116; recombinant, 95, 96; single-cell, 53.

334 INDEX


See also antibodies and monoclonal antibodies.

Protein kin ase C, 79 Protoplasts, 64, 138 Pseudo-rabies, 96 Pseudomonas cichorii, 138 Pseudomonas syringae pv. gly-

cinea, 132 Pseudomonas syringae pv.

phaseoLicola, 133 Pseudomonas syringae pv. sa-

vastanoi, 133 Pseudomonas syringae pv.

tabaci, 133 Puerto Rico, 147 Pulpwood, 207 Purdue University, 278-279 Purnell Act of 1925, 5 Putman, A. R., 142 Pyrethroids 170, 172-173. See

also Insecticides. Pyrethrum, 144, 152 Quackgrass, 142 Radloff, David L., 242 Range forage. See Livestock. Rangeland, management of,

209-211 Rapeseed, 292 Rayon, 257, 260 Reagan, President, 33 Recombinant DNA (rONA),

24-25, 90, 99, 101-102, 128-129; Advisory Committee (RAC), 29, 43-44; Molecule Program Advisory Committee, 29; regulation of research in, 31-33, 36-37; research guidelines, 28-30, 35, 41, 43-45. See also Genetic engineering.

Recommended Dietary Allow^- ances, 184, 186

Refco, Inc., 311 Reforestation. See Forests. Reisch, Kenneth W., 306, 313 Research Results Data Base,

275 Research. See Agricultural re-

search and Forest research. Resins, 259-260 Restriction fragment length

polymorphisms, 125, 130 Rhizobia, 113, 116 Rice, 113-114, 126, 137-138,

151 Rice, E. L, 142 Richards, William, 309-310 Rickettsia anaplasma mar-

ginale, 105 Risley, Ron, 316 Robitaille, Henry A., 322 Robotics, 203, 278-279, 299,

327 Roe, Daphne A, 176 Rockefeller Foundation, 320

Rocky Mountains, 237, 239 Roelofs, Wendell L,, 164 Rolfe, John, 3 Rosenthal, G. A,, 148 Ro^s, Cleon, Dr., 216 Rotenone, 144, 152 Rubber, 9, 124, 257, 260, 292,

326 Rush skeletonweed, 150 Russia, 150 Rutgers University, 311 Ruttan, Vernon M., 2 Salmonella, 55 Salmonella typhi, 103 Saw-Dry-Rip, 256 Schwaber, Jerold, 90 Scientists' Institute for Public

Information v. Atomic Energy Commission, 35

Scodand, 30 Sediment, 247-248 Sedjo, Roger A., 204, 206 Seidel, George E., Jr., 68 Selenium, 179 Semen, 73, 75-76 Septoria appicola, 138 Sheep, 72, 73, 105, 141 Sickle-celi anemia, 27 Silkworm, 164 Silvicuture, 219, 227 Sloan, Elizabeth, 310-311 Smallpox, 99 Smith-Lever Act, 5 Smithsonian, National .Air and

Space Museum, 299; National Zoo, 315

Snyder David B., 90, 94 Sodium, 177-178, 184, 185,

189, 193, 195 Soil Conservation Service, 247 Soil conservation, 253 Sou erosion, 239-240, 247-249,

305, 323 Somaclonal variation, 44,

134-138 Sorbitol, 260 South America, 3, 147, 204,

312, 319 South Carohna, 222 South, 221, 222, 224, 259, 263,

264, 274 Southwest, 274; States, 236 Soybeans, 113, 126, 132, 142,

259, 323 Space horticulture, 326 Spaceboard, 255, 256 Sperm, 68, 70-71, 73-77 Spilanthol. See Amide. Splitter, Gary A., 80, 99 Spruce, 244, 246 St. Johnswort, 148 Standard of living, 2, 16 Stansbury, Dale, 302 State Agricultural Experiment

Stations, 5, 6-7, 13-14, 210,

281 Stoessl, A., 141 Strandboard, oriented, 253,

254, 255 Strategic, Inc, 52 StrawlDcrries, 172 Streptomyces scabies, 131 Sudan, 319 Sugar, 185, 186, 189, 190, 192,

193, 258, 260, 261; beets, 323

Sulfur dioxide, 243 Sunflower, 142 Superovulation, 24 Sweden 42, 166, 243 Sweeney, James M., 209 Sweetflag. See Calamus. Sweetners, 54 Swine, 98-99 Switzerland, 42, 205, 243 Symbioses, nitrogen fixing,

113-116 Synergists, 171, 173 T.A. Sheets & Company, 52 T cell growth factor. See inter-

leukin 2. T cell replacing factor, 83-84 Talaromyces flavus, 63 Tannins, 141, 260 Täte, Tom, 275 Taylor, Gary C, 14 Taysachs, 27 Technology, 274; agricultural,

2, 10, 319, 323, 327; com- puter, 8, 294-295; electronic, 272-285; filtration, 50-51; forestry, 264; laser, 289, 295-297; processing and packing, 9. See also Biotech- nology.

Telecommunications, 8, 201-202

Teleconferencing, 274, 283 Telematics, 201 Telephone, 277; mobile,

283-284 Televideo phones, 274 Television (TV), 277; programs,

281, 310, 312; cable, 274 Termites, 228, 233, 234 Terpenes, 139-140, 142 Texas A&M, 281 Texas Tech University, 309 Texas, 144, 266; Houston, 308 Third World, 2, 59, 104, 107,

273 Tick Eradication Program, 61 Ticks, 105, 145, 147, 168 Tillamook Burn, 250 Tissue culture, 134-138, 223,

226, 324, 327 Title Xll, 1975 Foreign Assist-

ance Act, 318 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV),

122-123

INDEX 335

ñesearch for Tomorrow

Tobacco, budworms, 147; horn worms, 161; Orinoco, 3

Tolin, Sue Ann, 42 Tomato pinworm, 167 Tomatoes, 122-123, 132, 137,

138, 140, 151, 327 Toxic Substances Control Act,

32 Toxins, 133, 137, 142, 153 Tranquilizers, 79 Transposon tagging. See Genes

and Jumping Genes. Travieso, Charlotte B., 272, 282 Trees, super 207, 213; ben-

eficial insects of, 227; breeding for disease resistance, 222; physiology, 208. See also Forest resources. Forest management, and Wood.

Tribe, Lawrence H., 37 Trickoderma spp., 63-64 Trioxys pallidus, ^50 Tropical deforestation, 203 Truss-Framed System, 255 Tunisia, 319 Turner, Jonathan Baldwin,

11-13 Tuskegee University, 5 U.S. Department of Agriculture

(USDA), 4, 11, 14, 32-34, 36, 41, 43, 53, 144, 148, 150, 182, 186-187, 188, 275, 288, 289, 292-293, 305, 310, 320; publications, 189, 190, 192- 195; Secretar}^ of, 262. See also Agricultural Marketing Sei-vice, Agricultural Re- search Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Serv- ice, Competitive Research Grants Office, Cooperative State Research Service, Eco- nomic Research Sen.'ice, Ex- tension Service, Food and Nutrition Service, Forest Semce, Human Nutrition In- formation Service, National Agricultural Library, Office of Critical Materials, Office of Grants & Program Systems, Office of International Co- operation and Development.

U.S. Department of Commerce, 42

U.S. Department of State, 2 U.S. Patent Office, 4, 287 U.S. Virgin Islands, 147 U.S. agriculture, 2-3, 272-273;

agent of future, 282-285; careers in, 302-303, 304-305, 306-312, 313-316, 317-318, 322, 326-327; future of, 323-327

U.S.S.R., Kiev, 21 Ukraine, 150

United Kingdom, 42, 294 United Nations, 200, 204, 288,

294, 320 United States, Eastern, 243,

244; Southeastern, 244; Southern, 222; Western, 247

Universal Soil Loss Equation, 247

University of Arizona, 292 University of California, Davis,

121; Berkeley, 33, 35 University of Florida, 325, 327 University of Idaho, 327 University of Illinois, 308, 311;

College of Science, 13 University of Iowa, 327 University of Kentucky, 123 University of Minnesota, 311,

327, Univer&ity of Texas, 61, 309 University of Maryland, 297,

316 Utah, 145 Vaccination, 85, 86, 90, 94, 95,

96, 104, 105 Vaccines, 27, 83, 90, 95-96,

99-103, 104-107 Vaccinia virus, 103, 104, 105,

107 Van Kampen, K. R., 141 Vermont, 13 Verticillium dahliae, 65 Vesicular stomatitis virus, 104 Vibrio cholera, 103 Video-cassette recorder, 277 Vidéocassettes, 277-278, 281 Videoconferencing, 281 Vietnam, 204 Vinson & Eikins, 308 Vinyl, 261 Virginia Institute of Marine

Sciences, 290 Virginia Polytechnic Institute &

State University, 316 Virginia, 144 Virulence. See Plants, patho-

gens of. Virus, Serum and Toxic Act, 34 Viruses, 41, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85,

88-89, 92,95, 96, 102, 156, 180, 227, 261

Vitamins, 53, 176, 177. 179, 184, 185, 189

Vodkin, Uia O., 127 Waferboard, 253, 256 Walt Disney World Vacation

Resort, 327. Washington, George, 4 Washington State, 172, 265 Washington State Universitv,

281, 313-314 Water, 200, 233, 266, 270,

326-327; erosion, 253; forest, 236-242; ground, 248; pol-

luted, 60-61 Watersheds, 214, 235, 249 Watson, James, 127 Wax, 260 Weather, 244, 303; forecasts,

232, 250-252 Webly, D. J., 148 Weeds, 125, 142, 148, 149,

150, 151 Weevil, 145; bean, 147 Weight, tables, 180 Welsh, Susan, 188 West Coast, 263 West Germany, 42, 205. See

also the Federal Republic of Germany.

West Indies, 3, 147 West, 104, 145, 237, 241, 252,

274 Western Europe, 201, 205 Western States, 104, 150 Western World, 201 Whaley, Ross S., 198 Wheat, 120, 137, 138, 142,

223, 324 White House Cabinet Council

on Natural Resources and Environment, 33-34

Wilderness, 217-221, 230, 268 Wildfires. See Fire, Wildhfe, 209, 210, 211, 214,

227, 235, 268-269, 270, 273 Wisconsin, 241 Wolf, Dale E., 304 Wolters, Gale L,, 209 Wood, 203, 217, 225, 233-235,

253-256, 273; as fuel, 198, 203, 204, 205, 258; design improvements in, 257; chemical products from, 257-261

Work force, 274 World Bank, 320-321 Worms, parasitic, 145, 228 Wyoming, 269 X-ray c 17stal structure analysis,

111 Xanthomonas cumpestris pv,

glycines, 132 Xanthomonas campestris pv,

vesicatoria, 132 Xanthomonas, 140 Xyfitol, 260 Xylose, 258 Yale, 12 Yankelovich, Skelly, and White,

25 Yeast, 55-59, 136, 260 Yellow nutsedge, 142 Zea mays, 130 Zerbe, John I., 253 Ziemer, Robert R., 247 Zoos, 314; San Diego, 307-308;

Washington, D.C^, 308; Cin- cinnati, 308

336 INDEX

m

í>^^

1986 yearbook of agriculture research for tomorrow

Documents