1988 1999apnaorg.com/research-papers-pdf/pacca-1988-1999.pdfii approval certificate this research...
TRANSCRIPT
A POLITICAL SCENARIO OF KAHROR PACCA:
1988 – 1999
Research Thesis for
M.Phil History
Session 2011-2013
Researcher: Supervisor
Ahmad Ali Dr. AFtab Hussain Gillani
Roll No. 08 Assistant Professor
History Department
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
i
ii
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE
This research thesis entitled "Political Scenario of Kahror Pacca (1988-1999)"
was submitted by Ahmad Ali to the Department of History, Islamia University
Bahawalpur is evaluated and approved for the partial fulfillment of M. Phil. History
degree.
Supervisor: ……………………………………………………………..
External Examiner: ……………………………………………………………..
Coordinator: ……………………………………………………………..
Chairman: ……………………………………………………………..
History Department
ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY BAHAWALPUR
iii
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to my whole family,
friends and Dr. Syed Shahid Hasan Rizvi Sahib
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
An individual has no significance before ALLAH the Almighty. I am
gratitude to Allah with whole heartedly who granted me strong courage,
knowledge and shelter of His kindness to complete this difficult research
within due time. It is the blessing of Allah that I completed this thesis with
material which I hope to be of much use of posterity.
What regards I offered in the praise of Allah Wahda-ho-Lashariek that
words forgot their meanings. Where am I, and where enology of the eternal.
But It is rail at pedantry that I am feeling spiritual satisfaction to thank Allah
Almighty for playing with pearls of words to accomplish worldly custom. I
would like to pay solute to the greatest teacher of the mankind, The Prophet
Mohammad (PBUH) for showing us the way of knowledge.
My special thanks are for respected sir, Dr. Syed Shahid Hasan Rizvi
chairman of History Department for providing me with necessary facilities for
the study of my subject. I express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide and
supervisor, Dr. Aftab Hussain Gilani Assistant Professor of History
Department, Islamia University Bahawalpur. He provided me proper guidance
and helped me whenever I felt a need for it.
Besides this, my special thanks are for Nawab Mohammad Irfan
Khan, Abdul Aziz Asim, Anjum Mahmood, Ch. Mohammad Akbar etc in
collecting and manipulating of obtained data. I would like to pay thanks to my
elder brother Liaquat Ali Mughal, my wife and beloved friend S.I. Mian for
encouraging, motivating and facilitating me during my studies.
I would also like to thank all my colleagues and class
fellows of M.Phil. for supporting me to fulfill my research
thesis.
Ahmad Ali
v
INDEX
Serial. No. Content Page No.
Chapter: 1 Significance of Kahror Pacca 1-32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Etymology
Historical significance of Kahror Pacca
Egyptian period and history of Kahror Pacca
Sikandar-e-Azam and Kahror
Kahror in Bikarmajeet era
Hun family and Kahror
Regime of Raja Chuch and Kahror
Arrival of Mohammad bin Qasim in Lodhran (Kahror)
Reign of Salateen and situation of Kahror Pacca
Ibne Batuta and Kahror Pacca
Kahror Pacca in the Regime of Langah family
Sher Shas’s rule and Kahror
Mughal empire and Kahror Pacca
Natural Kingdom Bahawalpur and Kahror Pacca
Sikh Govt. and status of Kahror Pacca
British period and standing of Kahror Pacca
Geographical significance of Kahror Pacca
Cultural significance of Kahror Pacca
Economic significance of Kahror Pacca
Educational and Religious significance of Kahror Pacca
Mandar Gosaeenlal Das
Mandar Sanatan Dharam
Joge Maya temple
Ranchor temple
Political significance of Kahror Pacca
Notable political personalities
2
3
4
4
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
13
14
17
18
19
21
24
24
25
29
29
30
30
30
31
Chapter: 2 Political parties and families of Kahror Pacca 33-100
27
28
What is political party?
Political parties of Kahror Pacca
33
35
vi
Serial. No. Content Page No.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
Majlis Ahrar-e-Islam
Pakistan Muslim League
Jamaat Islami
Pakistan People's Party
Tahreek-e-Istaqlal
Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Fazal-ur-Rahman group)
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Darkhwasti group)
Pakistan Tahreek e Insaf
Insaf Students Federation
Political families and personalities of Kahror Pacca
Kanju family
Ameen Khan Kanju
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju
Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju
Noon Rajput family
Allah Dittah Noon
Rana Rabnawaz Noon
Rana Mumtam Ahmad Noon
Joiya family
Malik Shah Mohammad Khan Joiya
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya
Malik Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya
Mirza (Mughal Choghta) family
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig
Nawab (Qaim Khawani) family
Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan
Nawab Aman Ullah Khan
Sadat Qufali (Rizvi) family
36
38
40
43
46
47
48
48
49
49
51
52
53
54
55
58
60
62
63
65
66
68
70
71
73
76
77
81
82
84
86
vii
Serial No. Content Page No.
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
Brigadier Sayd Ali Shah Rizvi
Syed Nasir Ali Shah Rizvi
Some other political families
Langah family
Taj Mohammad Khan Langah
Sheikh Siddiqui family
Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq
Abbasi family
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi
87
88
90
90
91
94
95
96
98
Chapter: 3 Political scenario of Kahror Pacca from 1988 to 1999 101-133
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Political background of Kahror Pacca before 1988
General election 1970 and Kahror Pacca
General election 1977 and Kahror Pacca
General election 1985
Pakistan general election 1988
Background
Election campaign and political activities in Kahror
Overall party position in election 1988
Party position in Kahror Pacca
Pakistan general election 1990
Background
Election campaign in Kahror Pacca
Overall party position
Party position in Kahror Pacca
Pakistan general election 1993
Background
Campaign and political activities in Kahror Pacca
Overall party results
Party position in Kahror Pacca
General election 1997
Background
Election campaign in Kahror Pacca
101
102
103
105
106
106
107
110
111
114
114
115
118
118
121
121
122
123
125
127
127
128
viii
Serial No. Content Page No.
91
92
Overall party position
Party position in Kahror Pacca
130
131
Chapter: 4 Role of elected representatives of Kahror Pacca 134-147
93
94
95
96
97
98
Background
Elected representatives of Kahror and its problems
Developmental progress in Kahror Pacca
Miserable condition of education department
Depressed condition of health department
Poor economic condition of Kahror Pacca
134
136
137
139
144
145
99 Conclusive remarks on politics of Kahror Pacca 148-150
100 Appendix and Bibliography 151-153
101 Appendix I 151
102 Appendix II 152
103 Appendix III 153
104 Interviews 154-155
105 Print Media (Journals) 155
106 Newspapers 156
107 Electronic Media 156
108 Social Media 157
109 Bibliography 158-162
ix
PREAMBLE
Kahror Pacca is an ancient and historical city. Sometimes history of any
ancient city encloses in such strong layers of past and mysteries that the suspicion also
becomes stranger to unravel the knot of these mysteries. To irrespective of these
matters that which nations brought up in the lap of Kahror Pacca? How many afflicted
and pleasant events occurred in the vein of pain and sorrow, peace and war, malice
and obstinacy, jollity and gaiety? How many figures happened here in the form of
devastates and triumphs skirmish and levy? It is very interesting issue to locate and
reach to all these facts. Similarly, in the perspective of this fact that a high-quality
civilization formulates from the lofty traditions, it is also a great expedition to study
and act upon the customs of our ancestors. In short; literature, religion, culture, arts,
politics and even every field of life is affected by traditions. A man cannot over come
to any difficulty of life until ancient records of history are not present to him. It is less
observed that any person of society has succeeded in the divergence of life to defend
himself from the traditions. On the one hand, from the glorious horizon of East to the
valleys of West and from frozen storms to cold residences on the other hand, the
radiant jewels of traditions are shining on the face of history. Every nation has its own
traditions and wanted to boast of it.
After the art of historiography, incidents and circumstances can be arranged by
various historical books and expeditions. But in historical perspective of Kahror Pacca
it can be amazingly and incredibly relate that no proper effort was done on political
sphere Kahror Pacca by any historian or erudite. Due to this slackness, the historical
and political majesty of Kahror Pacca has become restricted to the old traditions.
But unfortunately we have not been successful at nation-building because we
failed miserably at state-building. A desperate people cannot be made into a solid and
unified community if the governments which apparently represent their interests are
themselves riddled with contradictions and ill intentions. Consequently, in nearly half
a century of our existence we could not create a Pakistani nation. Our rulers are as
much responsible for the suppression and distortion of the political process as for the
loss of that sense of belonging essential for the survival of a country. They divided the
community. People no longer belong to Pakistan but to a Biradari or a tribe. Their
loyalty is to some religious sect and they think only in terms of themselves and their
x
families. We see greater benefits by being Pathans, Sindhis, Balochis, Punjabis and
Mohajirs, rather than being respectable Pakistanis. Kahror Pacca also has to face such
community system as Kanju, Noon, Joiya, Nawab and Mirza (Mughal).
After passing a long period, Kahror Pacca (being a processor of historical and
political significance) is facing many serious problems in the field of education,
health, economic, development and some other levels.
All problems deal with the political situation of Kahror Pacca. The main
theme of this research is to underline the problems and provide assistance to the
people so that they could play a part to reform the political system of Kahror Pacca
and help the politicians to over come all kinds of problems.
It is also the responsibility of political leadership and elected representatives
of a country to try their best to provide all above facilities at the gross root level to
their people so that all objectives of prosperous nation and country could be obtained.
The present research "Political Scenario of Kahror Pacca: 1988-1999" has
been designed for the study of political circumstances of Kahror Pacca. Under
discussion study will throw light on political history and role of politicians in rise and
fall of Kahror Pacca.
It is a historical and descriptive research so I have tried to use available
primary and secondary sources to asses the role of politicians in protecting the
cultural and regional identity of Kahror Pacca.
The purpose of this research is to highlight those factors and problems that
peoples of Kahror Pacca are bearing from a long period due the selfishness and
cunning of the politicians. Because of these problems, mostly useful resources of the
region are destroying and progress as well as prosperity of the region has become a
golden dream.
In this research I have gathered data by using research tools like library based
books, articles, internet, journals, magazines and newspapers, record of Election
results from the office of ECP (Lodhran) and record of Developmental Projects from
D.O. works. Besides this, it is consisted of personal observations, prearranged as well
as spontaneous interviews and face to face meetings. In personal observations values,
xi
traditions and character as well as behavior of politicians have been focused because
it is not possible to ask the people about political families' matters and disputes. But in
face to face meetings, it has been tried to get information from politicians about their
family traditions and political role in the politics of Kahror Pacca. Prearranged
interviews have been conducted with senior leaders, journalists, political agents and
some other important and social personalities of the region so that specific
information could be obtained for said topic.
This research thesis is consisted of following four chapters.
1st Chapter is consisted of "Significance of Kahror Pacca”. In this chapter
historical, geographical, educational, religious, economic as well as political
significance of Kahror Pacca were fully discussed.
2nd
Chapter deals with the "Political Parties and Families of Kahror Pacca". This
chapter is based on details of all political parties and families of Kahror Pacca who
left deep effect on its entire scenario.
3rd
Chapter was given the title of “Political scenario of Kahror Pacca from 1988-
1999”. It is totally related with political activities, election campaign, and results of
1988, 1990, 1993 and 1997 general elections of Pakistan as well as Kahror Pacca.
It also deals with the role of elected representatives and politicians in the prosperity
of Kahror Pacca. It also throws light on the miserable conditions and deficiencies of
Kahror Pacca.
4th
Chapter “Roel of elected representatives of Kahror Pacca” discusses about the
problems of Kahror Pacca and role of its elected politicians (both MNAs and MPAs)
in the fields education, health, economic and development.
“Conclusion” It deals with the conclusive remarks on critical situation of Kahror
Pacca. This conclusion has been derived from all above mentioned fields.
1
CHAPTER NO: 1
SIGNIFICANCE OF KAHROR PACCA
Bari Muddat Se Dunya Par Nazar Hai
Bari Muddat Se Hoon Main Hakka Bakka
Jahan Hon Kocha-O-Bazar Kachchae
Usi Ka Nam Hai Kahror Pacca.
(Khaleeq Multani)
It is admitted fact that man has been facing serious problems of life with his
arrival on this earth and these problems are increasing day by day. Now our life is full of
many problems. In short, we have to face these problems in every sphere of life in the
shape of wars, trade, economic, education, jobs and politics. Some problems are so less
important and ordinary nature that if they would be resolved or unresolved, they do not
affect the performance of man and society. While some problems are the possessor of
significant nature and their solution is very necessary because if they will remain
unresolved then the society will be much affected. Same is the case with Kahror Pacca
and its habitants in the field of politics.
"Kahror Pacca is an ancient and historical city. Sometimes history of
any ancient city encloses in such strong layers of past and mysteries
that the suspicion also becomes stranger to unravel the knot of these
mysteries."1
To irrespective of these matters that which nations brought up in the lap of Kahror
Pacca? How many afflicted and pleasant events occurred in the vein of pain and sorrow,
peace and war, malice and obstinacy, jollity and gaiety? How many figures happened
here in the form of devastates and triumphs skirmish and levy? It is very interesting issue
to locate and reach to all these facts. Similarly, in the perspective of this fact that a high
quality civilization formulates from the lofty traditions, it is also a great expedition to
1 Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987),06
2
study and act upon the customs of our ancestors. In short; literature, religion, culture, arts,
politics and even every field of life is affected by traditions. A man cannot overcome to
any difficulty of life until ancient records of history are not present to him. It is less
observed that any person of society has succeeded in the divergence of life to defend
himself from the traditions.
"On the one hand, from the glorious horizon of East to the valleys of
West and from frozen storms to cold residences while on the other
hand, the radiant jewels of traditions are shining on the face of
history. Every nation has its own history and wanted to boast of it."2
After the art of historiography, incidents and circumstances can be arranged by
various historical books and expeditions. But in historical perspective of Kahror Pacca it
can be amazingly and incredibly relate that no proper effort was done on religious and
political sphere by any historian or erudite. Due to this slackness, the historical and
political majesty of Kahror Pacca has become restricted to the old traditions.
Kahror Pacca is not only a city but also enumerates in one of the biggest cities of
Multan (the separate state of ancient times). It is true that any one did not try appropriate
and impartial to write and describe the political facts and figures of Kahror Pacca. That is
why political scenario of Kahror Pacca has been presently remained pale in the gaze of
inhabitants of Kahror Pacca. It is said that the nation who will fortify its regional history,
whence it will be able to provide the substances of its eternity.
Before talk about the political features of Kahror Pacca, it is necessary for readers
to know historical significance of Kahror Pacca in the shape of geographical, religious
and political position. But first of all it is needed to know the cause of giving it particular
name.
1. ETYMOLOGY:
The question is that how did name of Kahror Pacca created? Answer is that word
“Kahror Pacca” is not a single word but it is amalgam of two words. There are many
2 Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 07
3
historical unfolding about nomenclature of Kahror Pacca. Two major narrations of them
are given as under.
“In fact the name of this town was “Kaher ovar”. „Ovar‟ is a word
of Sanskrit which means „Fort‟. As a proof many historians gave the
examples of Lahore and Kasure for explanation. According to them
Raja Ram Chandra had two sons Loh and Kasu. They founded
Lahore and Kasure respectively. The initial name of these cities was
Loh Ovar and Kasu Ovar which later on converted into Lahore and
Kasure. Same is the case with Kaher Ovar which later on known as
Kahror.3
Historians describe that there were three cities in Subcontinent with same name
Kahror. These were Karor (India), Karor Lal Esan (Layyah) and Kahror (Multan).
“Kahror and Pacca were two Mouzas. But in 1917, when British
Government stretched Railway Line from Lodhran to Pakpatan it
was passed between Kahror and Pacca and thus they gave a new
name to this area "Kahror Pacca. The other expedience is to
distinguish it from the region of resembled name "Karor Lal
Eason".4
2. HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF KAHROR PACCA:
Historical significance of Kahror Pacca is as old as the history of Multan.
“This town (Kahror) is situated in Pargana (Tehsil) Mailsi and has
big houses as well as long markets. This city is too high that looks
far away. King of Delhi gave it to Koher Bhatti who built a fort here
and settled in it. In those days it is known as Kahror.”5
After passing a long time here, Koher Bhatti began to oppose King of Delhi and
adopted the profession of highway robbery. King of Delhi sent an army under Ray Jalal-
ud-Din and Ray Kamal-ud-Din who had belonged to Joiya family. They eradicated Koher
3 Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 11
4 Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 29
5 Ray Hukam Chand, Tawareekh-e-Multan (Lahore, 1884 ), 50
4
and demolished the fort. After this war they settled here and this city again was
colonized.
“Town Kahror is located on the southern side of an old-dry river.
Koher Bhatti had colonized it with the permission of Delhi Sultanat.
When Koher began to conspire against Mughal ruler he was
eradicated by two Joiya Chiefs. They conquered this city and at that
time it is being ruled by this family.”6
2.1. EGYPTIAN PERIOD AND HISTORY OF KAHROR PACCA:
Egypt is counted one of the most ancient cities of the world but we find
memoirs about Kahror in Egyptian period.
“Egyptian‟s second attack was taken place in the leadership of
Egyptian pharaoh Siastres. His army occupied Multan, Bhera,
Monkeera and Kot Kahror (Present Kahror) but they could not
stable for a long time and return to their country after robbery.”7
2.2. SIKANDAR-E-AZAM AND KAHROR:
Historical narrations prove that Sikandar-e-Azam came to Kahror Pacca. In his period
Kahror was known as Greek Name Panta Grama.
“In my opinion Kahror is the Panta Grama of Sikandar‟s regime.
Probably it means the combined place where all rivers merge yet it
could not decide till now whether Sutlej and Bias considered one
river or two. Pitalma also considers four rivers of Punjab thinking
them one river except Indus River.”8
2.3. KAHROR IN BIKARMAJEET ERA:
Although Sikandar-e-Azam lived in Subcontinent for 18 months and spent his
most of time in fighting wars yet historical narrations prove the arrival of Sikandar-e-
6 Syed Aulad Ali Gilani, Muraqqa Multan (Multan, 1938 ), 247
7 Bilal Zubari, Tareekh-e-Jhang (Lahore, 2002), 49
8 Syed Noor Ali Zamin, Moarif-e-Siraki (Ahmad Pur, 1972), 129-130
5
Azam in Kahror the ancient city of Lodhran. Similarly 1500 years ago, King Kushan of
Bikrian family was to leave his country.
"Turman became the ruler of middle hind and Malvah. Image of sun
on his coins shows that he was the worshiper of sun."9
In the regime of his son Sikandar Gupta, kingdom weakened more and more. At
last Turman a chief of white Huns abolished the rule of Gupta Family.
“In 544 A.D Bikarmajeet defeated Huns between Kahror and
Looni. Ancient city Kahror of District Lodhran also included in his
conquered areas.”10
All above evidences shows the arrival of Bikrmajeet in Kahror Pacca.
2.4. HUN FAMILY AND KAHROR:
Huns were the habitants of western china and belonged to Mangole caste. They
had two groups i.e. Red Hun and White Hun. Coming from Central Asia, the White Huns
were originally the horse-riding nomads of China. They invaded Gandhara during the
fifth century. With declining prosperity, and the sun as well as fireworshipping Huns
ruled the land. Buddhism gradually disappeared from northern Pakistan with the glory of
Gandhara School of art.
White Huns ruled in Subcontinent from 470 to 550 A.D. The chief of this
kingdom was Torman, who had become the proprietor of Malvah, Sind and Punjab in 500
A.D.
“After the death of Torman, his son Mehr Gul became ruler of
Malvah. He was a cruel man. At last Raja Bala Ditta of Magdah
9 Karam Ilahi Badr, Tareekh-e-Multan (Lahore, 1978), 69
10 Munshi Abdur Rahman, Aina-e-Multan (Multan, 1972), 53
6
with the help of Raja yasho Dharman fought a war with Mehr Gul at
the place of Kahror Pacca near Multan and defeated him.”11
Another writer also writes same kind of account about ancient Kahror.
“After the death of Torman, his son Mehr Gul became the ruler. He
was much cruel and malicious. Due to his cruelty and brutality
subjects began to cry. Raja Bikarmajeet was waiting for this
occasion. At last a furious war was fought near River Sutlej between
Kahror (Pacca) and Looni, in which Mehr Gul was beaten and he
ran to Kashmir.”12
If we studied the historical books of Subcontinent then we shall have come to
know the historical significance of Kahror Pacca.
“Mehr Gul was a habitant of India but also a shuder of Mansoorah.
Subjects were bearing his brutality until Europe aided Bikarmajeet
to release the people from his meanness. Bikarmajeet attacked at
him and he was killed during the war between Kahror and Looni.”13
But Syed Aulad Ali Gilani does not seem to believe. He says that whether Kahror
which was mentioned in Kitab-ul-Hind is Kahror of District Lodhran or other one.
“Bahawalpur was founded near the ancient fort of city which was
ruled by Bhatti rulers. These Bhatti were those rulers who were the
founder of another ancient city Kahror Pacca.”14
2.5. REGIME OF RAJA CHUCH AND KAHROR:
Another important thing about Kahror Pacca is that Raja Chuch also came in
Kahor Pacca (Lodhran). He conquered Tilwara fort, then attacked Multan and occupied
it.
11
Maulvi Najam-ul-Ghani Rampuri, Waqaie Rajasthan (Lacknao, 1927), 1: 69-70 12
Noor Ahmad Fridi, Tareekh-e-Multan (Multan, 1973 ), 1: 73 13
Abu Rehan Albaroni, Kitab-ul-Hind, Trans. Syed Asghar Ali (Lahore, 1994), 317 14
Brig. Nazeer Ali Shah Askari, Tareekh BahawalPur (Bahawalpur, 1971), 12
7
“After dwelling in fort Multan, Raja Chuch appointed a Thakar his
vice in Multan. He himself bowed before idols in temple of Mitron
and decided to go ahead after charity. During this journey Rajas of
Brahampur, Kahror (Kahror Pacca) and Ashar surrendered and
admitted his obedience.”15
After conquered Multan and offering in temple Mitron, He decided to go ahead.
“Chuch entered in fort Multan and a Thakar was appointed his vice.
He went in the temple of Mitron and bowed before idols. After
contributions and reform the arrangement he went ahead. He
conquered Brahampur, Ashar and Takia and reached to the border
of Kashmir.”16
Note: Allama did not mention the arrival of Chuch in Kahror and Tilwara whilst
these two forts were very famous in those days yet he mentioned Tikadesh area near
Multan in the margin line of his book.
When Raja Chuch died in 670 A.D, then Sind was divided into tow parts and his
son Raja Dahir became ruler of Sind. Thus Brahman family ruled in Sind including
Lodhran till 81 years.
2.6. ARRIVAL OF MOHAMMAD BIN QASIM IN LODHRAN (KAHROR
PACCA):
It is admitted fact that the land of Kahror Pacca (Lodhran) kissed the feet of
Mohammad Bin Qasim.
“After the entrance of Mohammad Bin Qasim in Sind, people began
to embrace Islam and he also trusted them completely. That is why
majority of his army was consisted of newly Muslims. Mohammad
Bin Qasim trusted on Hindu chiefs Kaka, Moka, Sesagar and Kaksa
15
Nabi Bux Baloch, Chach Nama, trans. Mohammad Hafeez-ur-Rahman (Hydarabad, 1923), 47 16
Allama Atique Fikri, Naqsh-e-Multan (Multan, 1982),1:245
8
as he had Muslim chiefs. He never compelled them to embrace
Islam.”17
After the invasion of fort Tilwara, Mohammad Bin Qasim with Raja Kaksa
attacked at Iskalinda fort. This war was continued for seven days at last ruler Sahra of
Iskalinda fled away and reached fort Sikah. Thus all forts were taken into custody of the
Muslims.
“Mohammad Bin Qasim appointed Utba Bin Salma Tamemi the
ruler of Iskalinda while Ahmad Bin Huzama Utba Madni of Kahror
Pacca.”18
Some historians opine that Mohammad Bin Qasin did not overcome Kahror
(Kahror Pacca) but some facts prove that it was really Kahror Pacca (Lodhran). For
example a historian writes to cite the famous book of Chuch Nama page no. 534 written
by Dr, Nabi Bux Baloch, a famous scholar of Sind University.
“When Mohammad Bin Qasim attacked at Sindh, at that time
Multan was a part of Sindh Province. Kahror Pacca was also
subordinate territory of Multan. After the conquest of Multan and
Kahror, Mohammad Bin Qasim appointed Daood bin Nasar as the
ruler of Multan whilst Ahmad bin Khazema bin Utba Madni as the
ruler of Kahror. On which Kahror Mohammad Bin Qasim had
appointed Ahmad Bin Huzama Utba Madni is known as Kahror
Pacca and situated twenty four miles away from Lodhran Station.”19
Although Ahmad Saleem Mazhar writes in his book that Mohammad Bin Qasim
came till Dhanote yet Shaheen Kahrori further gives following arguments about the
arrival of Mohammad Bin Qasim in Kahror Pacca.
“When Mohammad Bin Qasim subjugated Bhatia and Babina forts
then in my opinion he surely came to Kahror because Dhanote from
the side of Kahror is only five or six miles from Bhatia (Tilwara). So
17
Akbar Shah Khan Najeebabadi, Aina Haqeeqat Numa (Karachi, 1966), 125 18
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 129 19
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 82
9
it will not wrong to say that Mohammad Bin Qasim conquered
Kahror Pacca and an Arab Ahmad was the first Muslim ruler of
Kahror Pacca whom Mohammad Bin Qasim consigned Government
of this region.”20
2.7. REIGN OF SALATEEN AND SITUATION OF KAHROR PACCA:
During the supremacy of Salateen e Delhi, some facts and narrations clarify that
Razia Sultana daughter of Sultan Shams-ud-Din Altumash came to Kahror and stayed
here. Razia Sultana was the first Muslim woman who put on royal crown in 1236 A.D
and adopted the title of Sultan Jalal-ud-Din. She was an embodiment of insight, prudent
and stylishness. At the beginning she ruled over the kingdom being in a veil but later on
she gave up veil and womanish dress.
“In 1239, Razia Sultana assaulted at Multan to eliminate the revolt
of Governor Multan and dominated on it. She donated
Governmental Land (Jagir) to Sadat, Gardaiz and Qureshi families.
During this period she stayed in Kahror Pacca and constructed a
mosque near octroi duty (Chungi) at old Bahawalpur road to the
southern side of Kahror Pacca. Now monument of this mosque has
vanished with the passage of time.”21
Another historian engraves following words about Razia‘s stay in Kahror Pacca.
“Razia passed through Kahor during halt in Multan. A mosque is
dedicated with Razia Sultana at Bahawalpur road near southern
chungi of Kahror Pacca. It is said that Razia had built this mosque.
For sometime it was used as Eidgah but gradually its testimonials
erased. At present, during the excavating such inscriptions have
attained which prove that Razia Sultana had originated this
mosque.”22
20
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 84 21
Hafiz Mohammad Yousaf Chughtai, Tareekh Kahror Sharif (Kahror Pacca, 1970 ), 12-13 22
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 17
10
2.8.IBNE BATUTA AND KAHROR PACCA:
Some chronological confirmations draw attention to the influx of Ibne Batuta in
Kahror Pacca.
“Ibne Batuta traveled in territories of Multan and has written the
circumstances of Sind, Multan and Uch. According to historical
recitations he came to Kahror (Pacca) and now tombstones of his
stay are present in southern side of Kahror city.”23
Ibne Batuta was dweller Morocco. He toured many Arab countries, Iraq, Iran and
Asia. In 1333 he intended to travel to Subcontinent and reached Sind. In the reign of
Sultan Mohammad Tughlaq he came to Multan from Uch. A regional historian writes
about Ibne Batuta in following words.
“Historical presumptions tell us that famous tourist Ibne Batuta who
had come to India in the regime of Sultan Mohammad Tughlaq also
resided in Kahror Pacca. Today memorials of his abode are found
at eastern side of Kahror Pacca.”24
Safar Nama Ibne Batuta is the most famous and ancient book on journey and
tourism of India. Although Ibne Batuta did not describe clearly about his stay in Kahror
yet some concerns tell us his inhabitance in Kahror Pacca.
“When I intended to settle in Multan then Qazi demanded witnesses
and received my signature on an accord. Some of my companions
refused to sign and then I was ready to set up on journey. After
departure from Multan we first of all entered in which city was
Abuhar. It is the first city of Hind. It was much small but very
beautiful. There is abundance of buildings, canals and trees in
Abuhar.”25
23
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 51 24
Hafiz Mohammad Yousaf Chughtai, Tareekh Kahror Sharif (Kahror Pacca, 1970 ), 13 25
Ibne Batuta, Safarnama Ibne Batuta, trans. Raees Ahmad Jafri & Maulvi Mohammad Hussain (Lahore, 1983), 28
11
Considerable thing is that Ibne Batuta has not written about his stay in Kahror
Pacca but Raees Jafri writes in margin line at page 30 that town Abuhar is situated in
Tehsil Fazilka District Farozepur on the way of Pakpatan and Sarsah. Shaheen Kahrori
the writer of Tareekh Kahror Pacca has described his personal research in searching
Abohar.
“Ibne Batuta‟s Abuhar is situated between Kahror and Mailsi. It is
ancient and over populated town which is known as Drohar Wahin.
If we travelled from Multan to Vehari then we shall have to cross
Mouza Drohar Wahin. It is possible that its initial name would be
Abohar which was changed into Drohar and then Drohar Wahin
with prolongation of time.”26
Although it is Shaheen‘s own individual estimation yet we have not any solid
proof about Batuta‘s stay in Kahror Pacca. The reason is that Ibne Batuta went to Delhi
passing through Depalpur, Pakpatan and Abuhar not through Kahror, Mailsi and Drohar
Wahin. So this logic is not acceptable that Abuhar is Drohar Wahin.
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar and Mohammad Yousaf Chughtai have mentioned some
monuments of Ibne Batuta. These are four conical shape minarets from which two
vanished while remaining have not such inscriptions which could prove these facts.
2.9. KAHROR PACCA IN THE REGIME OF LANGAH FAMILY:
Langahs of Multan were setting up a consistent system of forts in their captured
for the defence of Kingdom.
"These forts were built in the entire state in which a strong army was
appointed. This army was responsible for defence and law & order
situation. For this purpose, army was given estate of these areas.
Multan, Shorkot, Fatehpur near Kahror, Thatha Ghallon (Lodhran),
Uchchh, Derawar, Jajjah, Meo (Mubarak) Sewrai, Bhutta Wahin,
26
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 91
12
Ubarah, Kot Karor, Dhankot and Sangarh etc were noted forts of
Langahs".27
It is admitted fact that Multan has become a habitation of Langah family.
“Hussain Khan Langah son of Kutb-ud-Din, succeeded. He attacked
at Multan and took control of Shorkot and Chiniot, Kot Kahror and
Dhankot of which he colonized with Dodai Baloch, who appeared
for the first time in India and was being pressed by the Moghals in
Kachi and Sindh”28
Sultan Hussain Khan Langah became the ruler of Multan.
"He was very talented, pious and ethical king. He used to respect of
Ulemas and Sufis. In 1443, when Sheikh Yousaf Qureshi became the
ruler of Multan at that time Ray Sahra Langah was a feudal of Town
Sivi and its territories. He sent a messenger to tell Yousaf that
Langah family has been connected with your chain of beliefs at the
time of your ancestors. He also married his daughter with Yousaf ".29
So it is the need of time to blend Langah family in your army so that I could
stable your sect. In future it proved that he made many victories.
“After defeating Barbak Shah Lodhi, Hussain Langah‟s fame
stretched till remote areas. So chief of Rohail family Malik Sohrab
presented before Hussain Langah. Sultan welcomed him and
granted a Jagir from Kot Kahror to Dhankot.”30
Another historian describes his point of view about Langha family in such a way
that:
“Dodai Baloch who was the father of Ismail Khan and Fateh Khan
presented himself before Sultan Hussain Langah from Makran to
ensure his faithfulness. Sultan Hussain Langah received him warmly
27
Adv. Umar Kamal Khan, Multan Langah Dore Mein (Multan, 1995), 110 28
Jorge Cuninghum, Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 (Lahore, 1990), 40 29
Mohammad Qasim Frishta, Tareekh-e-Frishta (Lahore, 1965), 2: 915-916 30
Karam Ilahi Badr, Tareekh-e-Multan (Lahore, 1978), 165
13
and handed over the area from fort Kahror (Kahror Pacca) to
Dhankot as Jagir. Gradually, the neighborhood from Seetpur to
Dhankot was given to foreign Baloch and thus Baloch tribes
populated in this region.”31
When Hussain Khan Langah went to Dhankot, Bahlool Lodhi ordered his son
Barbak Shah to conquer Multan. At the same time Hussain's brother also revolted him.
"Hussain Langah's brother who was the ruler of Kahror revolted
against Hussain Langah and became ruler after adopting title of
Shahab-ud-Din Langah. Hussain Langah reached Kahror and
arrested his brother".32
2.10. SHER SHAS’S RULE AND KAHROR:
Sher Shah Soori was a great ruler of Subcontinent. He defeated Humayon and
became ruler. He is known as immense administrator in the history of subcontinent.
Although any evidence could not prove that he came to Kahor yet it is said that some
monuments are connected with him.
“Fateh Khan Jut rebelled in Pakpatan and Habat Khan Niazi
attacked at him. He took shelter in a fort between Kahror (Pacca)
and Fateh Pur. Fateh Khan with the help of Mando Khan Baloch
and Bakhsho Khan Langah fight a war and got victory. Habat Khan
Niazi reached Multan and peopled newly Multan. Fateh Jang Khan
appointed as ruler of Multan on the instruction of Sher Shah Soori.
He also populated a town Shergarh (Tehsil Mailsi) in memorial of
Sher Shah Soori.”33
2.11. MUGHAL EMPIRE AND KHAROR PACCA:
Perhaps the greatest contribution of the Sultanate was its temporary success in
insulating South Asia from the Mongol invasion from Central Asia in the thirteenth
31
Maulvi Zakaullah, Tareekh-e-Hindustan (Lahore, 1998), 4:68-69. 32
Zubair Shafi Ghori, Uchchh Sharif: Tareekh-Siqafat-Aasar Qadamat-o-Azmat (Lahore, 1999), 42 33
Abbasi Khan Sharwani, Tareekh Sher Shahi, trans. Mazhar Ali Khan (Karachi, 1963), 118-119
14
century; nonetheless the sultans eventually lost Afghanistan and western Pakistan to the
Mongols (see the Ilkhanate Dynasty). The Sultanate declined after the invasion of
Emperor Timur who founded the Timurid Dynasty and was eventually conquered in 1526
by the Mughal king Babar.
“In 1483, Zaheer-ud-Din Babar born in Fargnana at Umar Sheikh
Miraz who was ruler of Farghana. In 1526, Babar attacked at
Hindustan; defeated Ibrahim Lodhi at Paniput and occupied on the
Hindustan. Babar founded an original, strong and everlasting
kingdom at Delhi.”34
It is said that Kahror Pacca is also being under the supremacy of Mughal Empire
and that time Bhatti Rajput family was populated in Kahror Pacca for many creeds and
they were ruling at Kahror Pacca for a long time. They refused to levy of Kahror to the
central Government.
“Rai Jalal-ud-Din and Ray Kamal-ud-Din, two brothers and Fatteh
Khan were sent by the Delhi Emperor against Kohar, a Bhatti Chief,
then ruling in Kahror, and that after defeating Kohar they held his
land in farm from the Delhi sovereign.”35
Babar set off two chiefs of Deccan Ray Jala-ud-Din and Ray Kamal-ud-Din to
Kahror Pacca for demolishing Bhatti's revolt. Both chiefs fought a war against Bhatti
family and got victory. They settled here permanently and again colonized the city.
“The middle part of River Bias and Sutlej was given the name of
Jalandhar by Akbar the Great. At that time Lodhran and Kahror
Pacca were consisted of Jalandhar and the area from Bias to Sutlej
is fifty Kos (100 miles). There were 88 parganas (Tehsils) and
following three districts (Sarkar) in Multan Province (District
Multan, District Bhakkar and District Depalpur). Multan had nine
34
Ghulam Mustafa Bismal, Azeem Mughalia Aehd Maa Dastavizat (Lahore, 2000), 66 35
Jorge Cuninghum, Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 (Lahore, 1990), 97
15
Parganas (Adam Wahin, Jalalabad, Dunyapur, Rajapur, Kahror
(Pacca), Shergarh, Fatehpur, Khai and Ghalloghara.”36
Measurement of Pargana Adam Wahin was 5386 acres and it was the residence of
Haser family. During this period Adam Wahin was contained on some area of Lodhran.
“Measurement of Pargana Dunyapur was 27889 acres. 1876862
revenue (Mahsil) and 11988 acres land was for charitable purpose
(Sewar gal). For the protection of this pargana local army was
consisted of fifty trained riders and four hundred foot-soldiers.
While measurement of Pargana Kahror Pacca was 47695 acres,
305856 revenue (Mahsil) and 40931 acres land was for charitable
purpose (Sewar gal). For the protection of this pargana local army
was consisted of one hundred trained riders and two thousand foot-
soldiers.”37
In the regime of Mohammad Shah Rangeela, Nawab Zahid Khan Sadozai was the
Governor of Multan. Ahmad Shah Durani wrote a letter to Nawab to admit defeat but he
did not take care of him. Ahmad Shah attacked at Lahore. Shah Nawaz Khan arrayed but
beaten and ran towards Delhi. Later on, Prime minister Qamar-ud-Din took him into
custody.
“In recompense of Qamar-ud-Din‟s services Mohammad Shah
Rangeela appointed his son Moeen-ul-Mulk (Meer Munno) the
Governor of Punjab. Meer Munno employed Koramal lieutenant of
Multan in place of Nawab Zahid Khan Sadozai.”38
Although Nawab Zahid Khan thought that it was his great insult to dismiss and
appoint Koramal in place of him yet he was helpless and vulnerable so he gave up
intention to take revenge.
“Koramal was the son of Khatri Walomal who was a servant of
Sultan Hayat Khan Sadozai. Koramal himself was also employer of
36
Allame Abulfazal, Ain-e-Akbari, Trans. Mohammad Fida Ali (Lahore, 2007), 1:2, 1038 37
Ibid. 38
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 190-191
16
Mohammad Baqir Khadka at fifteen rupees per month. He omitted
Hinduism and accepted Sikhism. He gave up the service of
Mohammad Baqir and accepted the job of Nawab Abdul Samad
lieutenant of Multan. At last he went to Lahore to carry out an order
of Nawab Moeen-ul-Mulk. After gradual progress, he became the
lieutenant of Multan and adopted the title of Maharaja Bahadur.”39
It is also admitted fact that Koramal had a close relation with Daod Potra ruler of
Bahawalpur State. Due to this profound proximity he had demonstrated great generosity
and kindness with them.
“Koramal permanently handed over Adam Wahin, Bahawalgarh,
Lodhran, Chorwah and Kahror Pacca to Bahawal Khan (the ruler
of Bahawal Pur State) @ four thousand rupees per year.”40
In Mughal regime, all areas of Punjab were known as Province Multan and
Province Lahore. Punjab is consisted of five tracts of land lying between two rivers. One
of them is Bisat. Present Lodhran in which Kahror Pacca is included is a fertile area of
Bisat.
“Ancient State of Sind was divided into four adjoining areas
(Provinces). One of them was consisted of Iskalinda and Mybar and
known as Tilwara and Chuchpura.”41
It is also necessary to illuminate that Tilwara is exist in present district Lodhran. It
means that Kahror Pacca is also being a part of Iskalinda and Mybar.
2.12. NATURAL KINGDOM BAHAWALPUR AND KAHROR:
Ibn Shah Bin Qahir Khan Bin Fateh ullah Khan Bin Baha Ullah Bin Amir Channi
was the son of Amir Sultan Ahmad II. He was contemporary of Jalal-ud-Din Akbar.
39
Advocate Umar Kamal Khan, Nawab Muzaffar Khan Shaheed aur Uska Ahd (Multan, 1978), 34-35 40
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 100 41
Brig. Nazeer Ali Shah Askari, Tareekh-e-Bahawalpur (Bahawalpur, 1971), 11
17
“He had two sons, Mohammad Daood and Mohammad Mahdi.
Kalhora the son of Mohammad Mahdi became the ruler of Sind
while children of M. Daood known as Daood Potra.”42
In 1727, Nawab Sadiq Mohammad Khan Bahadur I migrated from Shikarpur
(Sind) to Khanpur (Bahawalpur) due to the attack of Kalhora. In 1746, Nawab Sadiq I
was killed in a war and his son Amir Mohammad Bahawal Khan I owned the land of
Chodhri and Allahabad. In 1748 at the distance of three miles from River Sutlej, Nawab
Bahawal Khan settled a city on his name ―Bahawalpur‖. Later on this city got a status of
capital of Bahawalpur State. During his three years regime Bahawal Khan inhabited
many cities and assisted to throw out Janseer (Jan Nisar) Khan the ruler of Dera Ghazi
Khan. In a return, Lieutenant Koramal granted him territory of Adam Wahin. He made
rivulet there, namely Bahawal Wah.
“After the death of Nawab Bahawal Khan Abbasi, his brother
Nawab Amir Mubarak Khan II put on a royal crown of Bahawalpur
State. Throughout his age number of victories and constructions
increased a lot and thus he triumphed over Muzaffargarh, Dera
Ghazi Khan, Lodhran, Mailsi and Montgomery (Present Sahiwal).
After detaining Dunyapur and Kahror Pacca, he boosted his State
up to the border of Pakpatan.”43
When Ranjeetsingh did not receive the installment of demurrage from
Bahawalpur, he signed up his French General Commander Ventura to annihilate
Bahawalpur State. General Ventura assaulted on various places and dwelled in all
northern territories of Sutlej River which were adjacent with Bahawalpur.
Here, it is necessary to clear that Kahror Pacca is also located in northern part of
Sutlej.
“Due to the triumphs of Ventura, 44 villages of Montgomery
(Sahiwal), 331 Parganas of District Multan, 19 Mouzas of District
42
Mohammad Ali Dervaish, Tareekh Riyast Bahawalpur (Bahawalpur, 1990), 1:88 43
Abul Mumtaz Irshad Ahmad Abbasi, Tareekh Abbasian Bahawalpur (Bahawalpur, 1987), 61
18
Muzaffargarh and 36 places of Dera Ghazi Khan went into the
control of Ranjeetsingh.”44
So, I can claim that Kahror Pacca was also included in the victories of General
Ventura and this is the same era when Kahror Pacca split from Bahawalpur State and
became a part of Multan District. After 1748, Lodhran which was under dominated area
of former Bahawalpur State was not much prosperous and fertile. Sadiqwah,
Bahawalwah and Noqabilwah rivulets were constructed for irrigation of Eastern part of
district Lodhran. These rivulets are the monuments of Nawabs of Bahawalpur.
2.13. SIKH GOVERNMENT AND STATUS OF KAHROR PACCA:
From 1771 to 1779 was the age of Sikh‘s tyranny and repression. Sardar Jhanda
Singh and Ganda Singh were the chiefs of Sikhs and Lehna Singh was their General
Commander. They encircled Shuja Abad for three months but no use. Shuja Khan with
the help of Bahawalpur army attacked at Sikh's army and overcame Multan city. But he
has to retreat (recede) because he could not control over the fort.
“Sikh gave Depalpur, Kahror and Fatehpur to Sardar Madad Ali
Khan who was the ruler of Daood Potra family. But when Sikhs
attacked at Shuja Abad, Nawab Muzaffar Khan has to recede till
Bahawalpur”45
After the conquest of Multan in 1819, Ranjeet Singh stayed here for three months.
During this period, he celebrated Bashkhi day and visited surroundings of Multan.
"It is said that when Ranjeet Singh passed through Kahror Pacca, he saw some weaver
wove the fibers. He stayed here for some time to see them. The weaver called him
Ranjeet Singh Kana. He replied whom said this:
Ranjeet Singh Kana
Use Lagado Jurmana
Panch Rupae Khaddi
44
Mohammad Aziz-ur-Rahman Aziz, Subah Sadiq (Bahawalpur, 1988), 100 45
Syed Aulad Ali Gilani, Muraqqa-e-Multan (Multan, 1938), 122
19
Arahi Rupae Tana
In 1839, after the death of Ranjeetsingh reign of Sikh creed ended. In 1849, due to
civil war British took possession on Punjab and thus they became the ruler.
2.14. BRITISH PERIOD AND STANDING OF KAHROR PACCA:
In ancient times Hindustan due to its lush and riches was known as ―Golden
Sparrow‖.
"In the beginning of 18th
century trade dignity of Valendazi declined
and English began to stronger and stronger. First of all British
employed in the court of Mughal emperor Jalal-ud-Din Mohammad
Akbar and then in Jahangir‟s era they set up embassy under an
agreement."46
In 1615, first ambassador Sir Thomas Rou presented before Jahangir and got
permission for trade. Gradually they tried to stable themselves on the basis of trade
relations and then began to take part in the politics of Subcontinent. As a result anarchy
was prevailed everywhere and then many sovereign states came into being. After the
death of Bahadur Shah Zafar and his sons, British took possession on the throne of Delhi.
“British Government sent well acquainted personalities Lord
Harding and Delhaize to expedition of Punjab. In 1848, they
defeated Sikhs army at the place of Ali Wal and Subraoon. Lord
Delhaize reached to Lahore from Ferozpur and reconciled a treaty
with Rani Jhando (widow of Dewan Lal Singh). Under this treaty of
peace she handed over Jalandher (land between Sutlej and Bias in
which Lodhran and Kahror Pacca was also existed) with the penalty
of five million rupees.”47
British Government sent Lord Delhaize to Punjab instead of Lord Harding. In this
era Bahawalpur and Lodhran were in the custody of British and Abbasi Daood Potras
were ruling here with the support of British Government.
46
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 204 47
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 205
20
As a result of all above authentic and verified arguments and narrations it can be
concluded that Kahror Pacca is an ancient and historical city of District Lodhran.
"It is situated on the western bank of River Bias. It is subdivision /
Tehsil of Distirct Lodhran and situated at almost same distance from
Lodhran, Dunyapur and Mailsi i.e 18 miles or 30 Kilometer."48
It is said that in 15th
century A.D, River Bias was gliding into two branches. One
of them after passing with Kahror Pacca was connected with River Sutlej near Basti Peer
Wala and Duratta.
In British Government Multan was consisted of five Parganas Multan, Shuga
Abad, Lodhran, Mailsi and Serai Siddhu. Later on two more Tehsils Vehari and
Khanewal added in Multan.
“In August 1873, settlement (Bandobast) of Tehsil Lodhran was
started in the supervision of Captain Ling Sahib Bahadur who was
deputy commissioner of Multan and it completed in April 1875.”49
After this settlement Tehsil Lodhran was enclosed on 19 Mouzas i.e. Umarpur,
Mochi Mohana, Baili, Lahori, Fatehpur, Jallah, Chak Shah Nal, Jalal Abad, Rukanpur,
Khanpur, Khanwah Ghalwan, Gogran, Motha, Kot Lal Shah, Kram Ali Wala, Lutafpur,
Vighamal, Thatha Ghalwan and Lodhran but in 1924, territory of Kahror Pacca and
Dunyapur that was included in Tehsil Mailsi joined with Lodhran.
With historical references, it is proved that Kahror Pacca is present from ancient
times. This town committee was established as an initial form in 1870. It was made town
committee under the Punjab Small Town Act 1921 under notification No. 12360 dated
22-04-1924. Later on Kahror Pacca Town Committee was upgraded into Municipal
Committee in 1935. On preliminary stage, Governmentt officers were employed as its
administrators.
After existence of Pakistan under Ayub Khan‘s B.D. system, Kahror was divided
into four Union Committees.
48
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 21, 2013) 49
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Op.Cit., p. 206
21
3. GEOGRAPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF KAHROR PACCA:
Raja Lodhra was the son of Sikh Raja Raam Dyo Minhas and his family claimed
to be descendants of Sooraj Hansi Rajput. Lodhra's family lived in Bahawalpur which
later in the starting of 1743, populated in the valley of Sutluj and Bias Rivers. This is why
this area was known as Lodhar Wah
"In 1849, Multan joined together with East India Company which
made Lodhran a Tehsil on 5th
of May 1883. Malik Ghulam Hussain
Lodhra 'zaildar' suggested the name "Lodhran" for this area."50
At that time, there were only 19 villages in Lodhran and it was a tehsil of district
Multan. This area was situated in Kot Peer Saadat and the tehsil office had been working
there for three years. Later, a Tehsil office was built within the city Lodhran. Munshi
Abdul Wahid was the first superintendent of Lodhran.
In August 1873, Sadar Police Station was founded; in 1885, the Railway Station
was founded. On April 01, 1909, the British Government opened a railway line from
Lodhran to Karachi.
In 1924, the areas of Kahror Pacca and Dunyapur were separated from tehsil Mailsi
and included in tehsil Lodhran. To educate the young generation and to spread the
knowledge, there are uncountable institutions, schools and colleges in Lodhran. Many
Government, Semi-Government and Non-Government girls and boys‘ primary and high
schools, Inter Commercial Institute, Vocational Institute and colleges are working to
educate the people. Many hospitals are also here.
“Lodhran is spread over an area of 1,790 square kilometres and is
subdivided into three tehsils Lodhran, Kahror Pacca and Dunya
pur, which contain a total of 73 union council (Dunya Pur 22,
Kahror Pacca 23, Lodhran 28).”51
50
Salman Ejaz, "Khabarnak", History of Lodhran, Prod: Aftab Ibqal (Geo TV Video: 2012) 51
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodhran#cite_ref-2
22
It is 32nd district of Punjab which is situated between the rivers Sutlej and Bias.
These rivers make its borders. River Bias has now became a part of past but Sutlej River
still flows.
"Lodhran city was first developed by English rulers in 18th century
in the north side of Sutlaj River. The foundation of Lodhran was laid
in 1830 when in 1849, the British Rule extended to Punjab. District
Multan including the area of Lodhran also came under the sway of
the British Rule. It is a famous railway junction, situated on the main
route in the south Punjab."52
According to Punjab Gazetteer Multan 1901-02, there were five tehsils (Parganas) in
Multan District.
1. Multan
2. Shuja Abad
3. Lodhran
4. Mailsi
5. Sarai Siddhu
Then a settlement operation was started in 1873, which concluded in April 1875. At
that time tehsil Lodhran comprised the villages Omer Pur, Mochi Mohana, Beli, Lahori,
Fateh Pur, Khan Pur, Khan Wah Ghalwan, Gogran, Motha, Kot Lal Shah, Karam Ali
Wala, Lutaf Pur, Wighamal, Thath Ghalwan and Lodhran.
"In 1881, a series of changes were made with the object of enlarging
the Shujabad and decreasing the Mailsi charge. Under these
arrangements 60 villages in the neighbourhood of Kahror Pakka
were transferred from Mailsi to Lodhran tehsil and further
alterations were made in 1897, by which 46 villages were transferred
from Lodhran to Shuja Abad while 104 villages to the East of Kahror
Pakka were taken over from Mailsi in compensation."53
52
http://www.apnalodhran.com/history.aspx 53
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 35-36
23
Kahror Pakka and Dunya Pur were a part of tehsil Mailsi and were annexed with
Lodhran in 1924. Lodhran was a desolate place but a cultivatable, level tract of land. In
1920, the British Government made a plan to populate the region. Therefore, different
landed estates were divided into the people of other areas.
“The Fauji grant and Tube well scheme increased the population of
the region as well. Hence, the population of this region swiftly
increased”.54
Kahror Pakka is a town and Tehsil headquarters in Lodhran District of Punjab,
Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
"Its co-ordinates are 29.6167, Longitude 71.9167 and altitude 37.4.
The climate of the city is hot and dry in summer and cold in winter.
The maximum and minimum temperature ranges between 42 °C and
28 °C in summer. During winter, the temperature fluctuates between
21 °C and 5 °C."55
The climate is very hot and dry in summer and cool in winter. The hottest months
are May, to September. The maximum and minimum temperatures range between 46 and
28 degree Celsius respectively. The coldest months are December to February. During
this period the temperature fluctuates between 21 and 5 Celsius. The average annual
rainfall is 71 millimeters.
Kahror Pakka to Lodhran road (32 km) which is a major artery in Lodhran
District, passes through the city. Multan and Bahawalpur are the nearest airports with
International flights. The city also has a direct link with Bahawalpur (55 km), Mailsi
(35 km), Vehari (75 km), Multan (75 km) and Dunyapur (25 km).
Kahror Pacca has a total metaled road. The city is linked with Multan,
Bahawalpur, Vehari and Khanewal districts through metaled roads.
“Cities, Towns and nearby Villages are Pakka, Faizwala, Killa Pir,
Palluwala, Kotla Dilbar, Saunriwala, Sardi, Sohanjanaywala,
54
http://www.apnalodhran.com/history.aspx 55
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodhran_District#Infrastructure
24
Dhoraywala, Kabirwala, Ambertianwala, Chattay paday,
Tibiwadan, Chattaywala and Shahpurphul”.56
The main towns of Kahror Pacca are Alipur Kanju, Bahawal Garh, Bela Wahga,
Basti Pakka, Amirpur Station, Qadirpur Chimna, Chelawahin, Dhanot, Dakhano Gharo,
Choki Masti Khan, Borhanpur and Amirpur Sadat. The total area of forest is 1,843 acres
(7.46 km2).
The city is situated on a smooth plain. The sub-soil water in Dunyapur sub-
division is brackish, while that in Kahror Pakka sub-division is sweet.
4. CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF KAHROR PACCA:
"The main tribes are Kanju, Joiya, Noon, Nawab, Rajput,
Qaimkhani, Meo, Sheikh, Arain, Gillani, Bhatti, Baloch, Chanar,
Wanjara, Mirza, Wadh, Punwar, Khokhar, Abbasi and Qureshi."57
Commonly spoken languages are Sraiki and Urdu. Some migrated population is
Haryanvi speeking. A very few families speak Punjabi. Saraiki is the major language of
Kahror Pacca, 70% people speak Saraiki. Punjabi and Haryanvi are also spoken by
settlers and migrants of India.
5. ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF KAHROR PACCA:
Kahror Pacca town is in existence prior to Lodhran and thus is the oldest town of
Lodhran. It is famous for its cottage industry of printed bed sheets and embroidered
shoes.The main crops are cotton and wheat, others include rice, sunflower, and sugar
cane. The main fruit that are cultivated are citrus, mango and guava, while the main
vegetables are onion, tomato, potato and cauliflower. But due to lake of agricultural water
all crops are affected.
Presently due to the agriculture of Kahror Pacca, Lodhran is moving towards
prosperity. Lodhran has become the first city of Pakistan exporting high quality cotton
seed and their processing products to China.
According to Aftab:
56
http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=17&dn=Lodhran 57
http://www.punjab.gov.pk/lodhran
25
"In 1990, Benazir Bhutto started a long march. When she reached
Lodhran, she named this march 'Cotton March' due to its importance
in cotton crops. It is fact that Kahror Pacca is famous for its cotton
industry. This land is very fertile for crops."58
6. EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS SIGNIFICANCE OF KAHROR
PACCA:
"Sultan Shahab-ud-Din Mohammad Ghori founded the Islamic rule in
Subcontinent. Although he did not get a chance much to live in
Subcontinent yet in his short period he gave much attention on
educational and religious development alongwith victories. Despite wars,
he did not forget to promulgate religious teachings and education in
Subcontinent".59
Kahror Pacca has not only geographical significance but also the possessor of
religious as well as educational importance.
"There are 5 High Schools in District Multan, of which 4 are at
Multan and the 5th
at Kahror in the Lodhran Tehsil. The last named
is maintained by the small Towns Committees with aid from
Government, while of the Multan Schools one is financed entirely by
Government and the others are aided schools maintained by the Arya
Samaj, Anjuman Islamia and Santan Dharam Sabha, respectively."60
Kahror Pacca High School established in 1885 and at that time there were two
main High Schools in Multan region. One of them was in Kahror Pacca.
"Before partition, there were fewer opportunities for education in
Tehsil mailsi because it had not a single High School. Children of
rich families were to admit in Govt. High School Kahror Pacca
because it was a single High School in this region after Multan."61
The importance of Kahror Pacca in education department is that former Chief
Minister Mumtaz Doltana had passed his Matric from Govt. High School Kahror Pacca.
58
Salman Ejaz, "Khabarnak", History of Lodhran, Prod: Aftab Ibqal (Geo TV Video: 2012) 59
N.N. Law, Aehd-e-Islami Mein Taleemi Taraqqi. Trans. Ikhlas Hussain Zuberi (Karachi, 1965), 39 60
Jorge Cuninghum, Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 (Lahore, 1990), 262 61
Mohammad Mumtaz Khan Dahar, Tareekh Mailsi (Mailsi, 2001), 47
26
Religious educational schools (Madrassas) dominate the culture and acquire a major
share of public support, spirtually only, but not politically. The population is divided into
religious sects such as:
Sunnis, Hanafi (Deobandi)
Sunnis, Hanafi (Bralvi)
Shias, Asna Ushri
Ahle Hadees (Wahabis)
If we observed consequence of religious education then following Madarsas seem on
the scenario of Kahror Pacca.
1. Jamia Islamia Bab-ul-Uloom.
2. Jamia Islamia Arabia Ghosia.
3. Madarsa Arabia Hifzul Quran.
4. Jamia Islamia Ishatul Quran.
5. Jamia Hanfia Taleem-ul-Quran Wal Hadees.
6. Jamia Mohammadia
7. Madrasa Rahmania
Although all above religious institutes are very prominent yet first two are the most
significant. They are much old and have their own status in religious history. They have
produced a large number of ulemas, saints, scholars, preachers, orators, mohaddis and
qari which are serving the nation in every city of the country.
"Tasawuf is a broad subject. According to some people, it is derived
from Quran, Hadith and action of the companions of Mohammad
(PBUH). Due to these things it has its own significance. But some
people deny accepting this truth. They say that Tasawuf is the result
of Non Islamic concepts, beliefs and ideas. It is like Hashis. It
27
teaches to go away from the facts of life and paves the way of Non
Islamic beliefs".62
It is admitted fact that Tasawuf which belongs to the teachings of Sufis has been
derived from basics of Islam.
“Kahror Pacca is also known as the land of Sufi saints. Like
Multan, Kahror Pacca is famous due to shrines especially three
graves of nine yards. Following shrines and mausoleum of various
saints of Kahror Pacca is as under.”63
1. Shrine of Hazrat Khawaja Hafiz Mohammad Akram.
2. Hazrat Syed Hussain Shah Bukhari.
3. Hazrat Peer Mahr Shah.
4. Hazrat Syed Mahboob Shah Majzoob.
5. Hazrat Peer Fateh Ali Shah.
6. Shrine of Hazrat Zindah Peer.
7. Hazrat Peer Maroof Shah Bukhari.
8. Hazrat Peer Murad Shah.
9. Hazrat Makhdoom Mohammad Hasan.
10. Hazrat Peer Abdullah Shaheed.
11. Shrine of Hazrat Qutab-ul-Salkeen Makhdoom Ali Sarwar.
12. Hazrat Peer Hindeera
13. Hazrat Peer Burhan-ud-Din.
14. Hazrat Peer Jiwan Sultan.
15. Hazrat Syed Jalal-ud-Din Shah.
16. Hazrat Sultan Aba Bakar.
62
Yousaf Saleem Chishti, Tareekh-e-Tasawuf (Lahore, 1976), 100 63
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 181
28
17. Hazrat Khawaja Hafiz Noor Ahmad Mohaddis.
18. Jin Sufi Hafiz Karam Deen Balkhi
19. Hazrat Shah Abdur Razaq.
20. Hazrat Sheikh Ahmad Kabeer.
21. Hazrat Qatal Peer Shaheed.
22. Hazrat Peer Ludhan Lal.
23. Hazrat Syed Hussain Shah Bukhari.
24. Hazrat Makhdoom Hasan.
25. Hazrat Jatan Lal Shah Kabeer.
26. Hazrat Peer Sukha.
27. Hazrat Lakkar Peer.
All above mentioned Sufi saints reformed the people with their everlasting teachings.
They also played a pivotal role in spreading Islam and its teachings. As a result a large
number of people embraced Islam with their influences. On the shrines of some Sufis
such as Hazrat Peer Jiwan, Hazrat Peer Sukha and Hazrat Lakkar peer held Melas every
year.
Besides this, there are some other places of interest belonging to the Hinduism
particularly. Before partition number of Hindus was greater than Muslims. According to
census of 1941, total population of Kahror Pacca was twelve thousands in which Hindus
were seven thousands while the number of Muslims was five thousand.
"According to the census of 1875, population of Kahror Pacca was
4661 in which 2524 were men and 2138 were women. But the
majority of population was consisted of Hindus."64
Due to this large ratio of Hindus, monuments of Hindu culture is existed in Kahror
Pacca. Some important temples of Kahror Pacca are given as under:
64
Ray Hukam Chand, Tawareekh-e-Multan (Lahore, 1884 ), 52-53
29
6.1. MANDAR GOSAEEN LAL DAS.
It is very old temple of Kahror Pacca which date of construction is not available. The
land adjacent to it was reserved for Hindu worshippers.
"This temple was situated near old fruit market opposite to Madarsa
Ghosia. Here, Hindu used to cultivate hemp (Bhang) which was
presented to beggars, worshippers and guests free of cast. The signs
of this temple were still present."65
6.2.MANDAR SANATAN DHARAM.
"It was the biggest temple of Kahror Pacca with a beautiful building
where the Hindu men and women used to take a bath (Ashnan). A
huge building was built in 1930 and it is still in existence on the
circular road."66
This temple was not only a huge place of worship of Hindus but also a popular
centre of teaching of Hinduism.
"In 1940, president All India Hindu Mahasabha Sanatan Dharmi
Bhai Parmanand had also made a speech in this temple. Hindu
invited the Muslims to participate in this procession but later on
Muslim's participation had been banned."67
Besides this, there was a big centre for Holi at the end of present Jinnah Bazar. This
place is still present in Kahror Pacca and known as Holi Wala Thallah.
6.3. JOGE MAYA TEMPLE.
This ancient Temple is the possessor of historical significance about Hindu culture.
"This is also old temple of historical significance of Kahror Pacca. It
is located near Peeli Kothi. In the months of Cheet and Asuj Melas
held where Hindu performed their religious rites. There is an Octroi
65
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 113 66
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 349 67
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Op.Cit., p.114
30
post near the temple which is known and famous with the name of
Chungi Jogemaya."68
6.4. RANCHOR TEMPLE:
In Kahror Pacca, another temple was present on circular road which
was known as Ranchor Temple. It is said that:
"Hindus used to divorce their disobedient wives here according to
such methods which were told by learned Brahman. In Siraiki
language, Ran means wife and Chor means give up or divorce."69
7. POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF KAHROR PACCA:
If we study the political history of Kahror Pacca then we shall have come to know
that it is as much important as its geographical and religious history. Politics of Kahror
Pacca is not only confined to Kahror but also prevailed on district Lodhran as well as
provincial and national sphere. For example Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi, Khan Mohammad
Siddique Khan Kanju, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig, Nawab Aman Ullah Khan, Malik
Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya and Malik Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya etc. elected
representatives and federal as well as provincial ministers.
District Lodhran has two electoral constituencies for Nation Assembly since
formation of Pakistan. First constituency is consisted of Lodhran Tehsil while second is
contained on Kahror and Dunyapur. In both constituencies mostly politicians of Kahror
Pacca elected as MNAs and MPAs. Form 70s to till now politicians of Kahror Pacca are
being a central orbit of politics of Lodhran, Dunyapur and Kahror Pacca. Syed Nasir Ali
Shah Rizvi, Khan Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju, Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan,
Mohammad Khurshid Khan Kanju, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig and Nawab Aman
Ullah participated in elections from Lodhran constituency and elected members of
National and Provincial Assemblies for many time. It is not wrong to say that the politics
of district Lodhran is nothing else without Kahror Pacca because there is not a single
major politician in district Lodhran except Kahror Pacca.
68
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 348 69
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 115
31
"Akhtar Khan Kanju who was the first chairman of District Council Lodhran belonged to
Kahror Pacca. Syed Nasir Ali Shah Rizvi, Mohammad Khurshid Khan Kanju, Khan
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig and Malik Sajjad
Hussain Khan Joiya who became federal minister of buildings, Member of federal
Majlis-e-Shura of Pakistan (Zia regime), federal parliamentary secretary for food and
agriculture and federal minister for foreign affairs, federal minister for sports and special
advisor of Chief Minister of Punjab respectively."70
7.1. NOTABLE POLITICAL PERSONALITIES:
Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan.
Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju.
Malik Shah Mohammad Khan joiya
Khan Siddique Khan Kanju (late) Ex. Foreign Minister & Founder of Ddistt.
Lodhran
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju
Abdur Rehman Kanju, ex District Nazim Lodhran.
Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi Ex. Federal Minister
Akhtar Khan Kanju, MNA NA-155.
Malik Sajjad Joiya, ex Mushir Chief Minister Punjab.
Nawab Amanullah Khan ex MNA.
Lieutenant Colonel Rana Muhammad Akbar Khan (Retd)
Mirza Nasir Beg, ex State Minister Pakistan.
Malik Qasim Joiya, ex Tehsil Nazim Kahror Pakka.
Malik Ajmal Joiya, ex MPA.
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon
Rana Ejaz Ahmad Noon, current MPA.
Nawab Ataullah Khan. (LATE)
Nawab Sanaullah Khan. (LATE)
Nawab SamiUllah Khan.
70
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 21, 2013)
32
Mahmood Ul Hassan Abbasi.
Khurram Abbasi.
Politically the city has been kept backward by the political elite so as to maintain
their feudal dominance. We shall discuss thoroughly about politics of Kahror Pacca in
next chapters because all coming chapters totally deal with political history of Kahror
Pacca.
33
CHAPTER NO: 2
POLITICAL PARTIES AND FAMILIES OF KAHROR PACCA
We know that Politics is the main pillar of state. Politics is 'the art of the possible'
and in the long run depends upon convincing the convincible and politically active
middle section of the population towards a particular course of action or way of life. Each
succeeding government in Pakistan hence thought it suitable to continue with the
agencies established to find out the methods for Islamization of the laws and social
structure.
"Today political parties are the possessor of outstanding status in the
formation of public expressions and opinions because democracy is
called Government of Public opinion. Political parties seem to
stimulate in elections period due to the attainment of eminence. A
party having majority makes a Government. As I described
democracy is called Government of the people but practically it is not
only difficult but also impossible."71
It is also impossible to run governance according to the will of state masses. So,
public Government is the Government of majority. In the elections public elects their
representatives so that they could raise their voice and solve the problems.
It is admitted fact that people having similar ideas congregate in a group while
persons who do not agree with these ideas join another political party. Thus existence of
political parties is considered obligatory for the success of modern democracy. Before to
exceed I think it essential to define political party.
WHAT IS POLITICAL PARTY?
If anyone said that democratic system is better than dictarotship then this thought
has not the status of authenticity. Any system of Government can neither be high nor low
completely. Every system has merits and demerits. After adopting any system, the most
71
Hafiz Taqi-ud-Din, Pakistan Ki Siasi Jamatein Aur Tehreekein (Lahore, 1995), 208
34
important thing is to know that who are running this system. How types of qualities they
have?
"With respect to political parties, Socialsim and Democracy both are
very important in its place. In socialism, only one political party
became ruling party. No one can make another party. But in
democratic system, there can be two or more political parties. Only
that political party can rule which has majority of seats. There are
large numbers of political parties in our country. Sometimes, a
political party which has same kind of ideology divided into two or
three parties for personal interest".72
Political party means a group of such people who has same theories and ideas
about serious problems of a state want to govern according to their motto after power.
“A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to
influence government policy, usually by nominating their own
candidates and trying to seat them in political office.”73
According to Berk:
“A group of the peoples who has harmony among them on the
principles of national interest and state development is called
political party.”74
Brice states:
“Such organized parties who have optional and voluntarily
membership and spend their all pressure to attain political power is
called political party.”75
Aivar says that:
72
Tajammul Hussain Hashmi, Hamara Moashra (Lahore, 2001), 203-204 73
Neil Mc Donald, The Study of Political Parties (New York, 1963), 22 74
S.M. Shahid, Pakistan ka Nazria Hakoomat-o-Siyasat (Lahore, 1992), 674 75
Ibid. 674
35
“Such party who organized on the basis of any principle or policy
and tried to govern with constitutional sources is called political
party.”76
POLITICAL PARTIES OF KAHROR PACCA:
Political Parties participate in electoral campaign and educational outreach or
protest actions. Parties often espouse an expressed ideology or vision bolstered by a
written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate interests. There
are multiple political parties in Pakistan. Pakistan is a multi-party democracy but has seen
various military governments as well. Since no one party has a chance of gaining power
alone, parties work with each other to form coalition Government so that they could
struggle to solve internal and external problems of the country. But unfortunately, this
explosion and coalition of political parties cannot create law and order situation in the
country because all these parties talk to fulfill national programs only for getting votes.
Politicians have less thought for national interest than personal interest. Same is the case
with politics of Kahror Pacca.
"With existence of Pakistan, Kahror Pacca is being a center of many
political parties such as PML, PPP, Jamat-e-Islami and JUI etc, it
was ignored on every sphere and deprived from basic facilities of
life. These political parties have been participating in the politics of
Kahror Pacca but any considerable work was not done by these
parties".77
The reason is that Kahror Pacca is the fort and castle of Feudalism. It is the
combination of different political families. Some of them are landlords. They have no
interest in welfare of the people and progress of the region. They always worked only for
their personal interest. They did not take any care of the communal interest. If we put a
glimpse on political history of Kahror Pacca then we find following political parties
before and after the creation of Pakistan.
76
Ahmad Riaz-ul-Huda, Tareekh-e-Pakistan (Lahore, 1998), 428 77
M. Afzal Javed, “Kahror Pacca Mukhtalif Mahkmoon ki Be Tawajahi ka Shikar,” Khabrain, 29 March 2012, p.9.
36
1. MAJLIS AHRAR-E-ISLAM:
It is a semi religio-political party. After the war of independence, it was established in
subcontinent and tried its best to throw out British Govt. It was set up on the motivation
of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
“Its first session held on December 29, 1929 under the headship of
Syed Atta Ullah Shah Bukhari. At that time Moulana was the orator
of a mosque in Amritsar. In this meeting it was decided that the
award of independence also should be met to the Muslims along
with other nations. Moulana was appointed its first president.”78
Majlis Ahrar-e-Islam was against Muslim League and the creation of Pakistan
that is why Muslim League called it ―Punjabi Toli‖ of Indian National Congress. Ahrar
had supported Congress as much as when it started Civil Disobedience Movement all big
ulemas of Ahrar joined in congress.
In 1929, Syed Atta Ullah Shah Bukhari came to Kahror Pacca for the first time
and held a procession at Chowk bazaar Kahror Pacca. Later on this chowk was given the
name Chowk Bukhari by dedicating with his name.
“As a result of Shah Sahib‟s arrival in Kahror Pacca, many young
people demonstrated their national stimulation and participated in
Majlis-e-Ahrar. In 1934, there is a major role of Haji Noor
Mohammad Chuhan to establish Majlis-e-Ahrar Kahror Pacca. In
his leadership and supervision, this Majlis set up such everlasting
memorial till 1953 that can not be ignored.”79
Majlis Ahrar-e-Islam was the first Muslim political party of Kahror Pacca which
established in 1935. It was directly affiliated with central Majlis Ahrar-e-Islma Hind.
“Its first local body was consisted of Haji Noor Mohammad
Chuhan, Munshi Mohammad Hasan Chughtai, Haji Bashir Ahmad
78
S. Qasim Mahmood, “Ahrar-e-Islam, Majlis,” Encyclopedia Pakistanica, (Lahore, Faisal,1997), 164 79
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 220
37
goldsmith, Mian Manzoor Ahmad, Haji Mohammad Azeem, Mistri
Allah Bukhsh Darkhan and Haji Allah Bukhsh Dakhna.”80
Later on Moulana Syed Abdul Hai Shah, Haji Gul Hasan Comboh, Mian Alah
Din, Mian Hasan Bukhsh, Mian Imam Bukhsh, Mian Allah Dad Khokhar, Haji Ghulam
Qasim, Haji Mohammad Hasan, Hakeem Siraj Ahmad Jat Arya and Syed Amir Ali Shah
joined it and became active members of this Majlis. They played a vital role in regional
politics of Kahror Pacca as well as country. This party also played a specific role to
remove the dread of Hindus from the hearts of miserable Muslims. To remove the fear of
cruel feudal along with police is the main characteristic of Kahror Majlis-e-Ahrar. There
it created political awakening in the region where scenes of a soldier stimulation and
human service are the memorial of this Majlis. It also served the subjects of Kahor Pacca
in religious segment. It faced Hindu‘s aggression against mosques and mausoleums. To
eliminate feudal oppression, brutal custom of bear, dogs and pig fighting in Kahror Pacca
was its main achievement.
“It also took part in agitation movement against Shaheed Ganj
Mosque and boycotted of army recruitment during Second World
War. At railway road Kahror Pacca, construction of “Masjid Ahrar
Wali” is the testimonial of that time.”81
Saleh Ahmad Khurshid and Karam Shah were the main character of this Majlis
and Mosque. During this period, workers and volunteers of Kahror Majlis participated in
all conferences from Delhi to Kanpur.
“All meetings Arrangements of Jahanian Mundi and Bagar Sargana
were also entrusted to the members of Kahror Pacca. In Kahror
Pacca glorious conferences of Ahrar were adorned with spirited
endeavourers like Syed Atta Ullah Shah Bukhari, Moulana Habib ur
80
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 327 81
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 60
38
Rahman Ludhyanvi, Qazi Ihsan Ahmad Shuja Abadi and liberty poet
Khawaja Abdur Raheem Aajiz”82
For sometimes ago with creation of Pakistan, its political, religious and human
welfare activities were continued but later on its members and workers gradually
dispersed. In these days it is called defunct party.
2. PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE:
Time had come to formally organize the Muslims after the success of the Simla
Deputation. The Muslim leaders desired to create a permanent political forum.
“After the meeting of the Mohammedan Educational Conference,
the Muslim leaders met to set up the All India Muslim League.
Wiqar-ul-Mulk chaired the meeting. Nawab Salimullah proposed
Muslim League and Hakim Ajmal Khan and Maulana Zafar Ali
Khan seconded.”83
In the Karachi session Dec. 1907 its constitution was approved and in March 1908
at Aligarh, Agha Khan was formally elected its president. In May 1908 Justice Syed
Amir Ali organized a branch of Muslim League at London and responded effectively to
the misunderstandings and conspiracies of the Hindus against the Muslims.
“Pakistan Muslim League, the standard bearer of creation of
Pakistan and active political party of Subcontinent played a
fundamental role to escape the Muslims from the clutches of Hindu
imperialism and slavery set up in Lodhran in 1945. Its initial body
was consisted of Rana Allah Ditta Noon (President), Mohammad
Ameen Khan Kanju (Vice President) and Mian Ghulam Mustafa
Jhandeer (Secretary). Later on establishment of regional unit of
Lodhran, Dunyapur and Kahror Pacca came into being.”84
82
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 184 83
Ishrat Rahmani, From Pakistan to Pakistan (Lahore, 1985), 125 84
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 333
39
After the creation of Pakistan Sheikh Abdul Majeed Sohnavi and Sheikh
Mohammad Sharif elected president and General Secretary of Kahror Pacca Muslim
League respectively. Other prominent members were Manager Allah Wasaya, Seth Haji
Ghulam Mohammad, Seth Sardar Mohammad, Hakim Shahzad Mahbob Alam, Rana
Mohammad Suleman Khan, Rao Himayat Ullah Khan, Hafiz Mohammad Yousaf
Chughtai, Chodhari Qasim Ali Bhutta, Dr. Aziz Ullah Nasir, Dr, Saeed Ahmad Ghazi,
Mian Haji Barkat Ali Rajput, Abdul Majeed Jat Arya, Mian Nazar Mohammad Phul,
Malik Bagh Ali Khan, Malik Jan Mohammad Arain, Malik Allah Wasaya Awan, Abur
Raza Moulve Bismillah, Hakim Atta Ullah Jat Bhatti and Haji Rukan Din. In 1985,
President of Pakistan Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq and Prime Minister Mohammad Khan
Jonejo started the expedition of renaissance of Pakistan Muslim League. When this
process of revival was on swings they also set up primary unit and tried their best to alive
again the originator party of Pakistan.
“For this purpose, Pakistan Muslim League unit was also
established in Kahror Pacca like other parts of the country.
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju (MNA and Parliamentary
Secretary for Food and Agriculture) and Malik Shah Mohammad
Joiya (MPA) were chosen as its new guardians. Makhdoom Ghulam
Sarwar Khan Lodhi who was former member and worker of PPP
appointed president while Mian Abdul Aleem Baryar as Secretary of
Kahror Pacca Muslim League branch.”85
At the end of 1985, office of PML Kahror Pacca was placed in residence of
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju at Qaid-e-Azam road. Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju
became its convener. Today there are two primary offices of Pakistan Muslim League in
Kahror Pacca. Welfare and development of nation and country is considered its main
motto.
"In 1986, Chief Minister Punjab, Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif
came to Kahror Pacca for participating in hundred years Ceremony
85
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 187.
40
of Government High School Kahror Pacca. Siddique Khan Kanju
presented his demand to CM. CM promised the approval of Govt.
Girls Inter College, Stadium and a huge amount for Civil Hospital
and High School Kahror Pacca. He also promised to construct
Kahror-Mailsi road."86
But all these promises remained incomplete till second regime of Mian Sahib.
During the election of 1988, Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif organized IJI along with
some other politicians and at that time Siddique Kanju also joined IJI. Later on when
Nawaz Sharif separated IJI and formed PML (N) he also made Siddiqur Kanju its part.
He connected with PML (N) till 2000. Later on, he joined PML-Q and nominated as Zila
Nazim for 2001 Local Govt. elections. Before entrying in PML-Q, he worked hard for
PML-N and made it major political party of Kahror Pacca. Through the help and support
of subjects, PML-N got victory in the elections of 1988, 1990 and 1997. Its popularity
has been considerably weakened due to Pakistan Muslim League (Q) which born from
the dissenters of the PML N, following the arrest and exile of PML leader and Prime
Minister Nawaz Sharif.
3. JAMAAT ISLAMI:
In brief history of Pakistan, role of Jamaat Islami is very important. Jamaat Islami has
used political movements and war fronts for its purpose successfully. In Pakistan,
political study can not be completed without reviewing its ideas and administrative
structure.
"Jamaat Islami is not a big political party of Pakistan but it is
necessarily an important party. Jamaat is not such kind of political
party as we see many political parties in other democratic countries.
It is an ideological party. Every one can not adopt its membership
with his desire. Jamaat Islami has its own peculiar ideology. Its first
86
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 153
41
condition is to agree with its notions and intend to lead his life
according to its idealogies".87
The Jamaat-e-Islami is a far-right and Islamist political party, advocating for the
religious fundamentalism and the Theocratic based government system in Pakistan.
"Here it is necessary to tell that why was it difficult to abrogate the
constitution of 1973? It does not mean that it was useful for the
country but the fact was that Jamaat Islami had signed on it. Zia
Martial Law was the most dangerous in Martial Law history of
Pakistan. The reason behind it was that Jamaat Islami was directly
involved in this Martial Law. Jamaat Islami + Jernail Shahi were the
first alliance in entire history of Pakistan. That is why; General was
compelled not to abrogate the constitution".88
The JI is the oldest party founded on August 26, 1941 at Islamia Park in Lahore by
Muslim theologian Abul Ala Maududi. The party is led by an Emir.
"After establishment of Jamaat Islami, when Maududi's
correspondent Qamar-ud-Din Khan met Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad
Ali Jinnah, he liked and appreciated Maulana Maududi's services".89
Quaid also said, "There is no difference in Pakistan Muslim League and Jamaat Islami".
"In initial days of Jamaat, founder of Jamaat Islami opposed
democracy. He resembled elections and democracy with such
poisonous curd whose butter (public representative) will be
poisonous too".90
The Jamaat's objectives are the Iqamat-e-Deen or Nizam-e-Mustafa, the establishment
of a pure Islamic state, governed by Sharia law. The JI opposes Western Ideologies such
as capitalism, socialism and secularism.
87
Prof. Mohammad Usman, Pakistan Ki Siasi Jamatein (Lahore, 1988), 558 88
Afzal Tauseef, Election, Jamhoriat, Martial Law (Lahore, 1990), 157 89
Sarwat Solat, Tareekh-e-Pakistan K Barey Log (Lahore, 1990), 357 90
Dr. Mehdi Hasan, Pakistan ki Siasat Aur Awam (Lahore, 1996), 17
42
"It is not simply a religious or political party. It bears the logo from a
verse in the Quran Ud-Khulu Fis-Silmi Kaffa meaning "Enter in
Islam full fledge" and take Islam as a complete way of life."91
Although Jamaat Islami had established before creation of Pakistan yet its
regional branch Kahror Pacca was set up after the creation of Pakistan.
“First of all Nawab Mohammad Ali Khan Rajput Qaim Khawani
introduced it and Nawab Mohammad Zafar Ullah Khan was
appointed as Emir. Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju (Ex. Member of
Majlis-e-Shura Pakistan) employed district Emir of Multan.”92
Decorum of Khurshid Ahmad Khan is that he was the neighbour of Maulana Abul
Ala Maududi. In 1975, Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju joined Jamaat Islami as a worker
because he was not given membership due to the debtor of Bank. But after paying debt he
became a regular and permanent member of Jamaat Islami in 1978. Besides this, Khalid
Mahmood Rashid, Sufi Noor Mohammad, Khushi Mohammad, Rahim-ud-Din Khan
Ghori and Ikram-ul-Haq Farooqi were its preliminary members. Early and after 90s,
Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju, Nawab Orangzeb Khan, Mian Umardraz, Khalid
Mahmood Rashid, Ikram-ul-Haq Farooqi, Saad Khurshid Khan and Abdul Karim are
counted major workers of Jamaat Islami Kahror Pacca.
"These workers of Jamaat Islami have started activities in Kahror
Pacca by voluntarily services in relief camps during natural disasters
like earthquake and flood. Every year on 5th
of February, Jamaat
Islami Kahror Pacca holds a meeting in Chowk Bukhari for Kashmir
day."93
91
Khalid Mahmood Rashid, Intervies by Ahmad Ali. Kahror Pacca Mein Jamaat Islami Ka Kirdar (February 11, 2012) 92
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 194 93
Khalid Mahmood Rashid, Op.Cit.,
43
This day, prominent figures and personalities demonstrate their expression for
unanimity with oppressed Kashmiris. Quranic lectures and religious trainings under the
supervision of Jamaat are big sources of spreading the basic message of Islam in people.
"By this, Jamaat prepared a group of political workers with proven
loyalty because of which political pressure of Jamaat is always felt.
They were considered an honest and responsible group. This group is
consisted of Ikram-ul-Haq Farooqi, Saad Khurshid Khan, Abdul
Karim, Mohammad Ibrahim Ghori, Mohammad Sajid Mughal and
Mohammad Ismail Ghori etc."94
Jamaat Islami Kahror Pacca helped needy and poor people and opened charitable
institutes. Small cities are witness of their dispensaries and mobile clinics and a clear
proof of their human welfare and social work.
“Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju is being a main political figure of
Jamaat in Kahror Pacca yet Jamaat boycotted elections of 1997 and
cleared a way of success for member of PML (N). Due to this
decision, Jamaat lost representation not only in Kahror Pacca but
also in Parliament, yet their importance remained as a pressure
group.”95
In these days, Saad Khurshed Khan Kanju has left Jamaat Islami and joined
Pakistan Tahreek-e-Insaf. Besides this Jamaat Islami has its sub branch Shabab
Milli.
4. PAKISTAN PEOPLES PARTY:
"In politics of Subcontinent, Bhutto family has been possessor of
national and international significance since 150 years. But
unfortunately, whenever Bhutto family got power, it became cruel and
94
Khalid Mahmood Rashid, Intervies by Ahmad Ali. Kahror Pacca Mein Jamaat Islami Ka Kirdar (February 11, 2012) 95
Ibid.
44
dictator. As soon as its power was demolished it raised as innocent and
oppressed family".96
The Pakistan Peoples Party was founded on November 30, 1967 by Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto, who became its first chairman and later Prime Minister of Pakistan.
"After Indo-Pak war 1965, General Ayub Khan wrote his book
"Friends not Masters". This book was against America, at this
America started to oppose Ayub Khan. When Ayub Khan had lost his
importance before America then other generals also left him. As a
result, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was highlighted from every side. At that
time, Syed Ashfaq Ali's play Talqeen Shah was getting fame on Radio
Pakistan. In this play, it was tried to popularize Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
too".97
Pakistan Peoples Party is the largest political party of Pakistan.
“The Bengali communist J.A. Rahim wrote the party's manifesto,
and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was elected its first chairman by
participants and Rana Chandra Singh was the fourth founder of the
party. The party manifesto, first issued on December 9, 1967 is:
„Islam is our religion; democracy is our politics; socialism is our
economy; power lies with the people‟.”98
This party has been active in Pakistani politics since the separation of the East
Wing from the rest of Pakistan. The party gained much popularity and support during the
era of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The party won the 1970 elections on a socialist mandate of
"bread, clothes, shelter". PPP took control of the country after the Indian-supported
independent war of Bangladesh in 1971. After the first parliamentary term, PPP secured a
landslide victory in the 1977 elections to rule for another five years. PPP was a socialist
96
Wakeel Anjum, Sindhi Wadare (Lahore, 1999), 27 97
Hafiz Taqi-ud-Din, Pakistan Ki Siasi Jamatein Aur Tehreekein (Lahore, 1995), 454-455 98
Qasim Mahmood, “Pakistan Peoples Party,” Encyclopedia Pakistanica, (Lahore, Faisal,1997), 350
45
nationalist party when formed by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, but it moved toward the right
under Benazir Bhutto.
“In 1970, Pakistan Peoples Party established in Kahror Pacca. Its
foremost members and workers were Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq,
Ghulam Sarwar Khan Lodhi, Mohammad Akbar Khan Lodhi,
Iftikhar Ali Qureshi, Syed Mohammad Ishaq Shah Bukhari, Malik
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan Joiya, Nawab Iqbal Khan, Rana Mohammad
Azeem Dakhna and Abdur Rasheed Asif.”99
In Kahror Pacca, Pakistan Peoples Party has a unique status with respect to
completion of many developmental projects. For example, establishment of Govt. Inter
College, construction of metal road form Kahror Pacca to Lodhran and Dunyapur, and
availability of Electricity in Kahror Pacca are notable achievements of PPP. In the reign
of PPP, Kahror Pacca had a high rank with respect to politics because Syed Nasir Ali
Rizvi (General Secretary of all Pakistan Peoples Party) and Taj Mohammad Khan Langah
(Central Deputy Secretary of PPP) were the sons of Kahror Pacca. Early and late 90s,
Mirza Mohammad Azhar Baig, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig, Mohammad Akbar Khan
Lodhi, Iftikhar Ali Qureshi, Syed Mohammad Ishaq Shah Bukhari, Malik Mushtaq
Ahmad Khan Joiya, Nawab Iqbal Khan and Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon are considered
its prominent workers and members while Syed Nasir Shah Rizvi, Taj Mohammad Khan
Langah and Ghulam Sarwar Khan Lodhi have left Pakistan Peoples Party and joined
Pakistan Muslim League and other political parties.
“Party elections have been holding as usual because I have also
come at this stage after passing through this process. Jatoi has not
submitted leave application while Kousar Niazi as well as Nasir
Rizvi will not include in party again because there is no place in the
party for those members who have been dropped from PPP.”100
99
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 191 100
Benazir Bhutto, “PPP Se Nikale Gai Afrad par Darwaze Band”, Jung, (Lahore),( April 30, 1986), p. 7
46
5. TAHRIK-E-ISTAQLAL:
Tehrik-e-Istiqlal Pakistan was also a political party in Pakistan. It was formed by
Retired Air Marshal Asghar Khan in 1970. Asghar Khan has retired from the post of
President of the party. The party was headed by Asaf Fasihuddin Vardag, former Member
of the senate.
“In 1970, Tehrik-e-Istiqlal Kahror Pacca branch was established.
Rana Mohammad Ibrahim, Alhaj Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi, Rana
Jang Sher Khan (Advocate) and Rana Mohammad Ajmal Noon
advocate were active and inspired members of Tehrik-e-Istiqlal
Kahror Pacca.”101
After establishment of this organization, Rana Jang Sher Khan Advocate was
appointed chairman central council of Kahror Pacca.
“Students Unit of this organization called Istiqlal Students
Federation. This federation has been organized in Govt. Inter
College Kahror Pacca and Govt. High School Kahror Pacca.”102
In 1979 Tehrik-e-Istiqlal Pakistan was in position to grab the power through
winning the elections announced by General Zia, and a large number of big political
figures of current politics were active members of Tehrik-i-Istiqlal including Mian
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, Khurshid Mahmood Kasuri, Aitzaz Ahsan, Sheikh Rashid
Ahmad, Javed Hashmi, Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti, Nisar Khoro, Zafar Ali Shah, Ahmed
Raza Kasuri, , Sher Afgan Niazi, Manzoor Wattoo and Syed Fakhar Imam.
"Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi and Rana Jang Sher of Kahror Pacca
were expected strong candidates in these elections and it was hoped
that Tahrik-e-Istiqlal will win a seat from Kahror Pacca. But at last
101
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 331 102
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 194-95
47
moment Gen. Zia postponed the elections and Asghar Khan remained
in house arrest for more than five years."103
After 90s, all members of Istiqlal have left the party because it has lost
prominence not only Kahror Pacca but also in whole country. Now Tehrik-e-Istiqlal
announced merging with the PTI on 14th
of January 2012.
6. JAMIAT ULEMA-E-PAKISTAN:
Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan is a religious party and belongs to Brailvi school of thought.
Motto of this party is to establish Islamic system in Pakistan. It was founded by Maulana
Abdul Hameed Badayoni in 1948.
"In Kahror Pacca, Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan established in 1949.
Founding personalities of its regional branch were Rana Kousar,
Rana Abdul Sattar, Seth Mohammad Usman and Peer Chiragh Nabi
Shah."104
Exalting of this party is that its major Ulemas supported Quaid-e-Azam in getting
Pakistan during Pakistan Movement.
“Religious point of view, Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan has its
exceptional implication in public of Kahror Pacca. In initial stage
Seth Mohammad Zameer (former B.D member), Haji Din
Mohammad, Peerzada Syed Zahoor Alam Shah and Syed Chiragh
Nabi Shah are called prominent members of this party in Kahror
Pacca.”105
Later on, Rana Rabnawaz Noon (former MPA) became its regional guardian. Besides
this, Rana Shamshad, Seth Umar, Seth Ismail and Sheikh Aalam are known as active
figures.
103
Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi Ki Zindagi Per Tairana Nazar (December 25, 2012) 104
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 193 105
Ibid.
48
7. JAMIAT ULEMA-E-ISLAM:
In fact it is a successor party of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind but in the leadership of
Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, it reformulated its policies in 1947. In 1952, it was
established in West Pakistan. Maulana Ahmad Ali Lahori and Maulana Ihtasham-ul-Haq
appointed its first Emir and Manager respectively. In its 1954 elections, Maulana Mufti
Mohammad-ul-Hasan elected its Emir.
"Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam of Maulana Mohammad Abdullah
Darkhwasti, Maulana Mufti Mahmood and Maulana Ghulam Ghos
Hazarvi also set up in Kahror Pacca in 1955."106
Its preliminary members were Habeeb Ahmad Qureshi Siddiqui, Maulana
Mohammad Saeed Qureshi Jabla, Hafiz Mohammad Abdus Samad Sabir Chughtai, Alhaj
Ghulam Mohammad Abbasi, Alhaj Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi and Maulana Ghulam
Mohammad (Mudarris Jamia Ishaat-ul-Quran).
“Being a religious party majority of Kahror Pacca connected with it
and its clear proof is that its candidates Rana Rab Nawaz Noon won
a seat of Member Punjab Assembly in 1970 elections on the
platform of JUI.”107
Kahror Pacca has also solitary importance on provincial level with respect to this
party. That is why due to public‘s warmth adherence with JUI; its leaders had great
affection with Kahror Pacca. Qari Mohammad Noor-ul-Haq Qureshi advocate (Nazim
JUI Punjab) belonged to Kahror Pacca. During 1980s, JUI divided into following two
groups.
7.1. JAMIAT ULEMA-E-ISLAM (FAZAL-UR-RAHMAN GROUP):
Ghulam Mohammad Abbasi, Hafiz Abdur Rasheed Baryar, Maulvi Mohammad
Sharif Nomani, Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi and Haji Ishtiaq Ali Qureshi were its
106
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 192 107
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 329
49
preliminary members. Maulana Fazal-ur-Rahman came to Kahror Pacca for many times
on the invitation of these members.
7.2. JAMIAT ULEMA-E-ISLAM (DARKHWASTI GROUP):
Maulana Ghulam Mohammad Rehan and Qari Abdur Rahman Rahmani were the
major officials of this group.
8. PAKISTAN TAHRIK-E- INSAF:
"The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) Pakistan Movement for Justice)
is a centrist, progressive political party in Pakistan, which was
founded by former Pakistani cricket captain and humanitarian Imran
Khan on April 25, 1996 in Lahore".108
The fastest growing political party in Pakistan, PTI has established itself as one of the
country's mainstream national parties. Founded initially as a sociopolitical movement,
PTI began to grow slowly but never achieved immediate popularity.
"As a relatively new political party in the national arena, PTI wishes
to create a modern, democratic Islamic republic which advocates
complete political, religious, and economic freedom. One of the most
dynamic political parties, PTI has imagined a democratic system
ensuring justice, equality and prosperity for all citizens."109
In large part, the rise of PTI has stemmed from discontent with the status-quo, which
has typically consisted of military dictatorships and dishonest democratically elected
administrations. With ruling elite in Pakistan that has historically focused on maintaining
power, thereby stunting the growth of true democracy, Pakistan experienced several
changes from democratic to dictatorial regimes and vice versa. When such military
108
Mohammad Mumtaz Khan Daher, Tareekh Mailsi (Mailsi, 2001), 116 109
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Establishment of PTI in Kahror Pacca (September 14, 2012)
50
dictatorships emerged, the federal government assumed complete control and usually
undermined the constitutional powers of the different federating units.
"In Kahror Pacca, PTI established in 1997. But initially, it can not
obtain the attention of people of Kahror Pacca due to the public's
discouragement and negligence."110
But it got lofty status in Kahror Pacca in 2011. The reason is that popular
personalities of Kahror Pacca such as Nawab Aman Ullah Khan, Rana Sohail Riaz Noon
and Saad Khurshid Khan Kanju have joined PTI presently.
"Its initial members in Kahror Pacca are Sardar Sikandar Hayat
Khan, Malik Mumtaz Khan Joiya, Saad Khurshid Khan Kanju amd
Nawab Zil ul Allah Khan and Javid Shah Rizvi. Later on, Nawab
Aman Ullah Khan, Rana Sohail Riaz Noon, Nawab Irfan Ahmad
Khan and Rana Zahid Rafique Noon joined it."111
As a whole PTI participated in general elections 1997. That time, it was a newly
established political party of Pakistan. There were fewer trends of people to join it
because majority of the people had been occupied by traditional politics and feudalism.
"In elections of 1997, Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan was nominated
as MNA from NA-155 Kahror Pacca at the platform of PTI. Although
he had not a strong political background yet it was a great effort and
courage to fight against strong politicians of PML-N and PPP."112
In these elections, PTI could not prove its dignity and political pressure. As a
whole it got only one or two seats in entire country. Same is the case with Sikandar Hayat
Khan.
110
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Establishment of PTI in Kahror Pacca (September 14, 2012) 111
Ibid 112
Ibid.
51
"Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan got only 605 votes against the
candidates of other political parties. Ghulam Qasim (PML-N) and
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon got 72957 and 47501 votes respectively.
Thus Sikandar Hayat of PTI lost the elections with heavy margin."113
It is expected that PTI will sweep clearly in Kahror Pacca in next elections because a
popular and public's favourite personality, Nawab Aman Ullah Khan has joined PTI. He
is the candidate of MNA from NA-155 Kahror Pacca. Besides this, Rana Sohail Riaz
Noon is also a verified candidate of MPA from PP-209 Kahror Pacca. He has not only
strong political background but also the member of political family. Due to their
participation, PTI has become stronger in Kahror Pacca.
8.1. INSAF STUDENT FEDERATION:
Insaf Student Federation is the representative student wing of Pakistan Tehreek-e-
Insaf. ISF is present in all provinces of Pakistan. ISF has been celebrated as the best
student association of any political party in Pakistan. Oovervalued for its activism and
political prowess, ISF has held many protests and rallies in all parts of Pakistan to create
awareness about different issues.
"In Kahror Pacca, role of ISF is very important in success of PTI.
Jam Mohammad Akbar is president of ISF Kahror Pacca. Similarly,
Saad Khurshid Khan Kanju and Nawab Irfan Ahamd Khan are also
the part of ISF Kahror Pacca."114
To remove backwardness of education and health, improve economic condtition
of farmers and agriculture are its motto.
113
Http://www.eco.gov.pk 114
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Establishment of PTI in Kahror Pacca (September 14, 2012)
52
POLITICAL FAMILIES AND PERSONALITIES OF KAHROR PACCA
A political family is a family in which several members are involved in politics,
particularly electoral politics. Members may be related by blood or marriage; often
several generations or multiple relatives may be involved.
A royal family or dynasty in a kingdom is generally not considered to be a
political family. Although a family dictatorship is also a form of dictatorship that operates
much like a kingdom, yet occurs in a nominally republican state.
Personalities of Kahror Pacca means, people who born in the soil of Kahror Pacca
and remained a well-known figures in the history of Kahror Pacca. There are many
shapes of discriminations in which a person wins such a unique status in his society that
can not be removed after passing a long time. Kahror is an ancient city where thousands
solitary peoples took birth and exiled this world after passing his specific time.
Na Gore Sikandar Na Hai Qasare Dara
Mitae Namiyon K Nishan Kaisay Kaisay.
Significance of personalities is being admitted fact in politics and democracy.
Some of them have won such rank on the basis of ability, capacity and high morality that
region is known as their names. In Kahror Pacca some personalities have such popularity
which gave Kahror Pacca a famous place in the history of Pakistan. In our country,
landlords and feudal are the examples of dictatorship because they are occupying the
political system of Pakistan.
"Consequently, in nearly sixty five years of our existence we could
not create a Pakistani nation. Our rulers are as much responsible for
the suppression and distortion of the political process as for the loss
of that sense of belonging essential for the survival of a country. They
divided the community. People no longer belong to Pakistan but to a
Biradari or a tribe."115
115
Wakeel Anjum, Sindhi Wadare (Lahore, 1999), 21
53
Their loyalty is to some religious sect and they think only in terms of themselves and
their families. Same is the case with Kahror Pacca because some feudal families such as
Kanju, Joiya, Noon, Nawab and Mughal (Mirza) have been setting up their political
farming. They have never interested in that how will Kahror Pacca pave its way in the
stream of its progress. Brief introduction of these families and leading personalities is
given below.
1. KANJU FAMILY:
"Kanju family is a progeny of Rajput Raja Waddhen and settled in
Ganjhi near Delhi. After some time he with his five sons Kalyar,
Utera, Noon, Kanjun and Hitar left Delhi and settled in Bhatneer. In
11th
century A.D. Raja Wardhan settled in Chamb Kalyar near the
bank of River Sutlej and embraced Islam with his family".116
Great legator of this family was Kanjun who was the progeny of Raja
Bikarmajeet.
“Kanji or Kanjun had many children and one of them was Inayat Ali
Khan who set up a new village namely Inayatabad and settled there.
Now Inayatabad is known as Alipur Kanju. Kanju family is settled
here since 800 years.117
During British Govt. Panah Mohammad Khan Kanju was the legator of this
family. He served the British Govt. and got a Jagir. After the death of Panah his son
Jamal Khan Kanju became the owner of this land. Later on his children Jindwada Khan
and his two sons Ghulam Rasool Khan and Pir Bux Khan got the ownership of this Jagir
respectively.
116
H.A. Rose, A Glossary of Tribes and Casts of the Punjab and NWFP (Lahore, 1911), 2: 102-103 117
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 286
54
“In 1875 Pir Bux appointed as owner of Alipur Kanju. He was also
well-wisher of Govt. and protector of subjects. He also remained the
zealous member of District Board and died in 1946.”118
Peer Bukhsh Kanju was the founder of present politics of Kanju family. Later on,
this political field was developed by Amin Khan Kanju.
"Peer Bukhsh Kanu elected 13 times Zaildar of District Board
Multan. He also remained Nmberdar for six times. During his
membership, a British A.P. Moon was the candidate of District
Council Multan. He came to Peer Bukhsh Kanju for vote. Peer
Bukhsh replied that he can leave his membership but cannot give you
a vote."119
As a result, A.P. Moon who was also Deputy Commissionar lost the election.
Kanju family has great influence and political back ground in the politics of Kahror
Pacca. In Mughal's period, Kanju came from Delhi to Kahror and founded a town Ali Pur
Kanju. Later on, this family was divided into two branches i.e. Kanju and Noon. In Kanju
family of Kahror Pacca, Peer Bukhsh Kanju was the originator of politics. But after his
death, his children could not continue this political farming. At last, this credit was
shifted to another member Amin Khan Kanju. Thus founding politician of present politics
in Kanju family is Mohammad Amin Khan Kanju.
1.1.AMEEN KHAN KANJU: (1918-1969)
Late Mohammad Ameen Khan Kanju was born on June
15, 1918 in Ali Pur Kanju, Kahror Pacca. After completing his
matriculation he participated in politics in 1944. He contributed
in Pakistan Movement at the platform of Muslim League. After
the existence of Pakistan when Muslim League was established in
Kahror Pacca, Mohammad Ameen Khan Kanju was the first
118
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 287 119
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Akram Kanju Ki Siasat K Numayan Pehlo (December 23, 2012)
55
devoted member of Muslim League.
“After partition, the elections of National and Provincial Assemblies
were held in 1951, in which Ameen Khan Kanju was elected member
of legislative assembly at the platform of Pakistan Muslim
League.”120
He had a strong relation with Gillani family and always provided assistance them.
He was also a member of District Agriculture Committee Multan. Mohammad Siddique
Khan Kanju was his single male child that was highly educated person. Mohammad
Ameen Khan Kanju died in 1969 at the age of 52.
1.2.MOHAMMAD SIDDIQ KHAN KANJU: (1952-2001)
Mohammad Siddiq Khan Kanju was born in 1952 in
Alipur Kanju, Tehsil Kahror Pacca District Lodhran. He was a
Pakistani politician and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.
Kanju had his early education from Sadiq Public School in
Bahawalpur. After completing his A-levels he went
to Government College Lahore, and graduated in English
Literature. Afterwards he went to Punjab University Lahore and obtained an LLB. After
completing his law studies he decided to enter in politics from his home constituency
Kahror Pacca.
“In 1977 general elections, he ran for the Provincial Assembly seat,
but the elections were postponed. Again in 1985 he became Member
of the National Assembly on non-party election, and served as a
Parliamentary Secretary for Agriculture. The government was
dissolved in 1988 by General Zia and he was appointed as a
caretaker Education Minister.”121
Reality is that Siddique Kanju had deep interest in Ministry. He also provided a
chance for meeting of PM Junejo and CM Nawaz Sharif with my uncle Hamid Raza.
120
Aulad Ali Gilani, Muraqqah-e-Moltan (Multan, 1938), 533 121
Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, “Siddique Khan Kanju Siasat se Shahadat Tak,” Version Times, ( 2003): 05
56
"Kanju suggested that if Yousaf Raza Gilani was isolated with
ministry then Govt. will support Gilani group. Uncle Hamid Raza
was also willing to make Siddique Khan Kanju as Minister. When
Peer Sahib agreed to make Hamid Raza as Minister then all
vanished. At that time, my relation worsened with Siddique Khan
Kanju when I supported my uncle."122
Similarly, when Nawaz Sharif was Chief Minister of Punjab then he spent most of
his time in war front. He has not much access in foreign diplomatic core of Islamabad.
"In the beginning Foreign Ministery remained empty for a long time
but later on this post was given to Siddique Khan Kanju. He was not
suitable for this post because he mostly demonstrated exaggerating
in his talks. Siddique Khan Kanju (Foreign Minister for State)
introduced in Islamabad after entering in Foreign Ministery".123
During the first Benazir Bhutto government, Kanju for the first time became a
part of the opposition headed by Nawaz Sharif. In the general elections of 1990, Kanju
was for the third time elected Member of National Assembly from Lodhran, and at the
request of his friend and mentor Hamid Raza Gilani, joined the Nawaz Sharif cabinet
as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (1990–1993).
"There were four kinds of cabinet during Nawaz's premiership. First,
second and third cabinet was consisted of seven, nine and eleven
members respectively. While fourth cabinet was presented before
T.V. camera. In seven member's cabinet, Sheikh Rasheed, Chaudhary
Nisar, Chaudhary Shujaat, Mahtab Abbasi, Malik Naeem, General
Majeed Malik and Nawaz Sharif were included. If we added Ijaz-ul-
Haq & Azam Hoti then it was second type.Similarly, after
participating of Siddique Khan Kanju & Abdus Sattar Lalika then it
was third type of cabinet."124
122
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 114 123
Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad, Farzand-e-Pakistan (Lahore, 1995), 180 124
Ibid., 151-152
57
During this period in 1991, he got changed Lodhran's status to a district, which
was a Tehsil of Multan District. As a result District Lodhran was consisted of following
three Tehsils.
Tehsil Lodhran
Tehsil Kahror Pacca
Tehsil Dunyapur
In General Elections of 1993, Kanju who was perceived as a success of
the Muslim League, lost his National Assembly seat from Lodhran district. His failure
was due to widespread travel made as Minister of State and absence from the
constituency.
“During the period of 1993-1996 Kanju spent most of his time in
Lodhran. He was again elected Member of National Assembly on
Muslim League's ticket. Once again he became part of Muhammad
Nawaz Sharif's Cabinet, as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs,
and served in his capacity until the Muslim League Government was
dissolved by the military coup of 1999”.125
When Mian Nawaz Sharif left the country, Siddiq Kanju with his group of
members joined the new faction of Muslim League headed by Chaudry Shujjat Hussain,
former Interior Minister under Nawaz Sharif, and Mian Azhar who was a former
Governor of Punjab.
“During the local government elections of 2001, once again Kanju
actively started campaign in his constituency. On 29 July when he
was visiting a Counsellor shop in Kahror Pakka city, he was shot
dead by three or four assassins along with Major Muhammad Aslam
Khan Joiya, ex MPA. One of his party workers was also shot.”126
The place where Kanju died was the same where he gave his maiden speech as an
incumbent in 1977 and started his career in politics. Siddiq Kanju died at the age of 49
125
Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, “Siddique Khan Kanju Siasat se Shahadat Tak,” Version Times, ( 2003): 06 126
Ibid.
58
years, in Kahror Pakka on July 29, 2001. His burial was attended by thousands of people,
and was reported as the largest after the burial of President Zia-ul-haq. People from all
walks of life condemned this act, and President Musharraf responded it by saying it was a
big loss. Interior Minister Moin-u-din Haider and Governor Sind, later Chairman Senate,
acting Prime Minister and President Muhammad Mian Soomro took special notice and
directed IG Punjab to take strict action.
Abdul Rehman Kanju, son of Siddiq Kanju, later became two times the District
Nazim of Lodhran. Two of assassins were arrested by the police later in 2002.
1.3.KHURSHID AHMAD KHAN KANJU: (1954)
Famous religious, social and political leader of Kahror
Pacca, Khuurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju was born in 1945 in
Mouza Ali Pur Kanju (Kahror Pacca). In 1960, he passed
matriculation exam from Govt. High School Kahror Pacca and
remained president of student union. In 1962, he did F.Sc. from
Multan then got bachelor degree from Islamia College Vilayat
Hussain Multan in 1964. Later on he passed L.L.B. exam from Law College Multan.
During law education, his political conscious developed very much.
"Distinction of Khurshid Kanju is that he was the neighbor of
Maulana Abul Aala Maudodi (founder of Jamaat-e-Islami). So due to
maulana‟s motivation, he joined Jamaat-e-Islami as a worker in
1975. But due the payment of bank loan he was deprived form
membership on initial stage."127
As a result he participated in general election 1977 as candidate of NA from
Qaumi Ittihad but failed to win the seat. In 1978, after paying debt he was chosen as
permanent member of JI.
“In 1980, he was nominated a member of Punjab Farmer Board in
Punjab Assembly to represent Kahror Pacca. Then he elected
127
Khalid Mahmood Rashid, Intervies by Ahmad Ali. Kahror Pacca Mein Jamaat Islami Ka Kirdar (February 11, 2012)
59
member of Majlis-e-Shora of Pakistan during Zia‟s regime. During
this period he along with other members of Shora recommended
some important proposals for development of Kahror Pacca and
welfare of its poor masses. This Shora also suggested establishing of
Laws of Shufa, evidence, revenge for murder, Qazi Courts and
NAB.”128
To create atmosphere of brotherhood and mutual cooperation among the members
of Majlis-e-Shora, Khurshid Khan Kanju played a positive role.
"From 1977 to 1978, he also remained vice president of Farmer
Board of Pakistan. In 1986, he was appointed Emir of Jamaat Islami
District Multan."129
Due to his efforts overall performance of Majlis-e-Shora of Pakistan became
much better.
"In elections of 1988, Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju participated as
MNA of IJI from NA-118 Lodhran. His opponent was Mirza
Mohammad Nasir Baig of PPP. He got 26086 votes and defeated by
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig from 4660 votes."130
This election had vital significance because both candidates belonged to Kahror
Pacca and had a strong political background.
"In general elections of 1993, Khurshid Kanju appeared as MNA at
the platform of PIF from NA-117 Kahror Pacca. He also lost these
elections because he had secured only 4612 votes."131
The reason of this defeat was that both Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju (PML-N)
and Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon (PPP) were also the participants in these elections.
128
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 343 129
Staff Reporter,"Khurshid Kanju Tahrek-e-Islami Multan K Emir Muqarar", Nawa-e-Waqt (Nov. 25, 1986) 130
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998) 131
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 131
60
For many times, he participated in general elections against of Mohammad Siddique
Khan Kanju but victory was not being his destiny. In these days he is vice Emir of
Jamaat-e-Islami Punjab.
1.4. MOHAMMAD AKRAM KHAN KANJU: (1956)
Famous political leader of Kahror Pacca, Mohammad Akram
Khan Kanju was born on January 01, 1956 in Kahror Pacca city.
He was the son of Ahmad Yar Khan Kanju.
"Ahmad Yar Khan Kanju had three sons i.e.
Mohammad Aslam Khan Kanju, Mohammad Afzal
Khan Kanju and Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju. Mohammad Akram
Khan Kanju is a political figure in his family like his father and
grand father."132
It is said that politics was started in Kanju family with Amin Khan Kanju, but
reality is contrary to it.
"Peer Bukhsh Kanju, the grandfather of Akram Khan Kanju was the
first one who originated politics in Kanju family. He continuously
remained member of District Council Multan till 1942. He died in
1946."133
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju passed his matriculation exam in 1972 from
Sadiq Public School Bahawalpur. He did F.A from Govt. Inter College Mumtaz Abad
Multan in 1975. In 1986 he did graduation from Punjab University Lahore.
"His political activities were started in 1988 form PP-173 as MPA at
the platform of PPP. In provincial elections of 1988, Nawab Aman
Ullah Khan wanted to participate in these elections from PP-173
132
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Murraqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 272 133
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Akram Kanju Ki Siasat K Numayan Pehlo (December 23, 2012)
61
Kahror Pacca but he sacrificed this seat for his close friend
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju."134
In these elections, PPP nominated him as MPA from PP-173. Other participants
were Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya (IJI), Qari Mohammad Abdur Rahman (JUI-D)
and Zahoor Aalam (PAI).
"According to electoral results, Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju got
21723 votes but lost with Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya by 2661
votes."135
After this he left PPP and Joined JUI-F. After dismissal of Benazir Govt. date of
new elections was announced. According to this announcement new general elections
will be held in October 1990. In 1990 elections, he participated as MPA from PP-173
Kahror Pacca at the platform of JUI-F. In these elections, he got only 5324 votes and
defeated. But according to Akram Khan Kanju:
"I never left PPP. In elections of 1990, I had aliened with Mahmood-
ul-Hasan Abbasi. As a result, I was declared a candidate of JUI-F,
but reality is that I had submitted my nomination form as
independent candidate."136
Mohammad Akram Khan participated in Provincial elections for three times. These were
of 1988, 1990 and 2002 elections.
"In first two elections, he had to face failure while in third elections
of 2008 he elected as MPA from PP-208 Kahror Pacca. For many
times, he was offered for MNA but refused because as MPA he can
live close to his people and region."137
134
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Akram Kanju Ki Siasat K Numayan Pehlo (December 23, 2012) 135
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 127-128 136
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju, Op.Cit., 137
Ibid.
62
Besides this from 1997 to 1999, he remained member Distirct Council. In this
election, he got 5700 votes while his opponent achieved only 222 votes. He also
remained two times Union Nazim. According to him:
"He has approved a grant for Inter College Rind Jadah. Moreover,
many boys and girls schools were up graded by his own interest. He
has also donated a land for a Middle School in Alipur Kanju Union
Council."138
2. NOON RAJPUT FAMILY:
Noon family of Kahror Pacca is considered as the second branch of Kanji (Kanjun).
The Noon is a clan of Jats. Members of Noon clan use Rana, Malik and Chaudhry as their
title.
"The Noon clan resides mostly in Sargodha district
and Multan district of Punjab.The Noon clan migrated from Dehli
and settled in the Bhalwal and the Shujabad areas. The origin of
Noon Family among different groups is bit controversial, Majority
consider it as a descendent of Tiwana Rajput clan from Mitha
Tiwana".139
The Tiwana is a sub caste of Jats, lives in a village in the Khushab district. In
areas other than Sargodha Noon's relate them to Rajputs instead of Jats. The family
business of majority of the Noons is Agriculture or its related business. Bhalwal area is
popular for production of oranges and Shujabad area is popular for production of
mangoes in Pakistan. The Noon family got prominence from Malik Feroz Khan
Noon and Rana Muhammad Shahryar Noon.
“Great legater of Noon cast was Rana Fateh Mohammad who with
his family came from District Shahpur (Sargodha) and settled in
Mouzas Sangu and Chori Noon Tehsil Shorkot District Jhang. After
138
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Akram Kanju Ki Siasat K Numayan Pehlo (December 23, 2012) 139
Alhaj Rabnawaz Noon, Tareekh Noon Rajput (Moeenabad, 1986), 19-20.
63
settlement of a half century here, they populated in Khanqah Shah
Hussain near Shatabgarh in Tehsil Mailsi. During this settlement
Rana Fateh Mohammad came with his family to Noqabilwah of
Kahror Pacca which was known as chak Bangar Shirqi and
permanently settled here”.140
It means that Noon family came to Kahror Pacca from Districts Sargodha and
Jhang almost 250 years ago. When Noon family came to Noqabilwah (Kahror) at that
time the owner of this Jagir was Khan Bhago Khan Joiya Rajput. The signs of his fort and
palace are still exist in Mouza Mari Bhago Khan (Kahror Pacca). Although Bhago Khan
had not any male child so he did not take any definite interest in his region.
"In Sikhs regime, a senior member of Joiya family constructed a
rivulet from Qabilwah to Mari Bhagowah. That part of rivulet which
was constructed in the area of Bhago Khan was known as Mari
Bhagowah and remaining part of rivulet which was constructed in
Bangar Shirqi was given the name of Noqabilwah. That is why the
old name was converted into new name Noqabilwah and majority of
Noon family of Kahror Pacca is resided in Noqabilwah."141
Noon family has also its own political background in the history of Kahror Pacca.
As I described that Noon family is second branch of Kanju and Allah Ditta Noon was the
preliminary politician.
2.1. ALLAH DITTA NOON: (1909-1968)
Rana Allah Ditta Noon was born in 1909 in Mouza
Noqabil Wah Kahror Pacca. After partition of Subcontinent,
first politician of Noon family in Kahror Pacca was Rana
Allah Ditta Noon. He was the biggest landlord and Raees-e-
Azam of Kahror Pacca.
140
Alhaj Rabnawaz Noon, Tareekh Noon Rajput (Moeenabad, 1986), 19-20. 141
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 296-297
64
“In beginning, he joined Unionist Party on the advice of Raees-e-
Azam Sir Mohammad Nawaz Khan Joiya and Major Ashiq Hussain
Qureshi. But later on he joined Punjab Muslim League due to the
anti Muslim activities of Unionist”.142
He tried his best for membership of Muslim League and increased the number of
members in Kahror Pacca. Due to his services, he was appointed president of Muslim
League Lodhran branch. As a Tehsil president he set up Muslim League unit in Lodhran,
Kahror Pacca and Dunyapur. He did vigorous work in Pakistan Movement and connected
with PML till his death. He died on June 29, 1968 and buried in the courtyard of Jamia
Mosque Noqabil Wah. There were following four children of Rana Allah Ditta Noon.
Rana Rabnawaz Noon
Rana Mohammad Mumtaz Noon
Rana Riaz Ahmad Noon
Rana Ijaz Ahmad Noon
Rana Riaz Ahmad Noon participated as MNA in elections of 1997 as independent
candidate from NA-117. He got only 3429 votes and lost the election. After that he did
not participated in any election and finally gave up the politics. His son Sohail Riaz Noon
is not only member of PTI District Lodhran but also the strong candidate from PP-209
Kahror Pacca at the platform of PTI.
"Sohail Riaz Noon said that leadership of PTI has confirmed his
ticket of MPA from Constituency PP-209 Kahror Pacca. He will
succeed in next elections and try to abolish the backwardness of
Kahror Pacca."143
Rana Ijaz Ahmad Noon is the youngest son of Allah Ditta Noon. He participated in
2008 elections as MPA from PP-209 as independent candidate and elected as MPA. After
winning the election, he joined PPP and now is considered MPA of PPP. Besides this,
142
Alhaj Rabnawaz Noon, Tareekh Noon Rajput (Moeenabad, 1986), 39 143
Rana Sohail Riaz Noon,"Party Qiadat Ne Ticket Confirm Kar Di", Khabrain (December 3, 2012), p.5
65
following two persons have a strong political background in political history of Kahror
Pacca.
2.2.RANA RAB NAWAZ NOON: (1938-2004)
Alhaj Rana Rab Nawaz Noon (Former member Provincial
Assembly) was born on April 19, 1938 in Mouza Noqabil Wah
Tehsil Kahror Pacca. He is the eldest son of Rana Allah Ditta
Noon. He got his early education from his native village. In 1956,
he did matriculation from Govt. High School Kahror Pacca and
got admission in S.E. College Bahawalpur for intermediate.
“In S.E College he elected secretary of students union „Young
Democratic League Bahawalpur‟. He also set up sub branch of this
league in Kahror Pacca. Then he got admission in Islamia College
Multan and became active member of College union „Rafiq-ul-
Talaba‟. He got social service first prize from the good hands of
Federal Education Minister Fazal-ul-Qadir Chaudhri.”144
After graduation from Islamia College Multan, he return to Noqabil Wah and started
to help his father in daily work. Second B.D elections held in 1966 in which he elected
chairman of Union Council Chale Wahin without fight.
"He constructed office of UC Chale Wahin with his own pocket. He
also served his area as the member of Divisional Council Multan and
Canal Advisory Committee."145
On December 17, 1970, general elections held in Pakistan in which he elected
Member Provincial Assembly Punjab at the platform of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam.
"He also appointed Chairman of Reconciliation Council Kahror
Pacca under Family Law Ordinance. He was appointed member of
Standing Committee for Health in Punjab Assembly. During this
144
Shaheeen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 347 145
Ibid.
66
period being a member of opposition party he worked for
development and prosperity of Kahror Pacca. Besides other
characteristics, an important quality is that he loved education,
educationists and books collecting."146
He also had his personal library which is still full of precious and exclusive books. He
is also the writer of following three books.
1. Tareekh Noon Rajput.
2. Ahwal-e-Dostan.
3. Jamhoriat Ka Mazaq.
He died on April 15, 2004.
2.3.RANA MUMTAZ AHMAD NOON: (1951)
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon was born on July 16, 1951 in
Chah Maseet Walal Mouza Noqabil Wah Tehsil Kahror Pacca.
He is the second son of Rana Allah Ditta Noon. He passed his
matric from Sadiq Public School Bahawalpur in 1968. In 1970,
he did intermediate from S.E. College Bahawalpur. In 1972,
after the death of his wife he started to take interest in politics.
As a result, his relations worsened with his elder brother but later on these differences
were vanished.
He started his political activities in 1988 at the platform of PPP. In his entire
political career, he fought four elections of MNA in which only one election won. In the
elections of 1988, he participated as MNA for the first time from NA-117 constituency of
Kahror Pacca.
“Although other candidates were also present in Kahror Pacca for
this election yet Rana Mumtaz Noon was effectual politician and
146
M. Shahid Tabasum, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Rabnawaz Noon Ki Shakhsiat (April 22, 2012)
67
candidate of PPP from Kahror Pacca because he had strong political
background”147
But unfortunately, he defeated in this election by Mohammad Siddique Khan
Kanju of IJI. According to the results of Election Commission of Pakistan Khan
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju of IJI won the election by 417 votes.
"Here an interesting thing was observed that according to non
official results Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon was declared as winning
candidate but later on, Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju was
succeeded on the basis of official results."148
On August 6, 1990, Govt. of PPP was dismissed and interim Govt. announced
that General elections of 1990 took place on 24th
of October 1990. Islamic Democratic
Alliance (IDA), a huge traditional front led under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif. The
Pakistan Peoples Party boycotted the elections and her members fought the election with
the name of PDA.
"From NA-117 Kahror Pacca, Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon was a
powerful candidate of PDA against of IJI candidate. This competition
had created the situation of do or die."149
This time also Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon lost the election by 8185 votes. In next
elections of 1993, he was also nominated as MNA by the leadership of PPP from
National Assembly Constituency No. 117 Kahror Pacca.
"In this election, PML-N nominated Siddique Khan Kanju as
opponent of Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon because he was in strong
147
Liaquat Ali Mughal, "Kahror Pacca: Siasat Aur Qiadat K Tanazar Main" , Version Times, ( 2002): 06 148
Anjum Mahmood, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 22, 2013) 149
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998)
68
position. To defeat Rana Mumtaz Ahmad noon, there was not a
storng candidate except Siddique Khan Kanju."150
But this time, he did not disappoint the leadership of Pakistan People's Party.
"In elections of 1993, Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon got victory with
heavy margin of 15856 votes. In the history of Kahror Pacca, it was
the first time that Siddique Khan Kanju was defeated."151
After second time dismissal of Benazir's Govt, new elections were held on
February 3, 1997. In this election, Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon was nominated as MNA
from PPP for the fourth time.
"According to the results of Election Commission of Pakistan Rana
Mumtaz Ahmad Noon of PPP lost the election by 25456 votes from
Ghulam Qasim Khakwani of PML-N."152
After this election, he separated form politics because in next election of 2002,
condition of graduation was imposed for participants. Mumtaz Ahmad Noon had not
degree of B.A. But in these days he is helping his family members in politics and they are
also getting benefits.
3. JOIYA FAMILY:
The political history of Kahror Pacca will remain incomplete if I did not state the
role of Joiya family in politics of Kahror Pacca. Joiya family is one of the 36 families of
Rajpute.
"Joiya was known as owner and guardian of Jungle Das. Jungle Das
was consisted on Nagpur, Bhatyana and Bhatneer. With respect to
historical facts, this nation was valour and energetic. Joiya is a
150
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998) 151
Http://www.eco.gov.pk 152
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Op.Cit.,
69
deteriorated name of Jodia. Joyias were taking possession of all
territories near the junction of river Indus and Sutlej".153
Nine hundred years ago, Ray Jalal-ud-Din Joiya and Ray Kamal-ud-Din Joiya
came to Kahror to defeat and ruin Koher Bhatti.
“Jalal-ud-Din remained at Kahror, while Fatteh Khan settled at
Fattehpur. In the time of Akbar, the Joiyas were the predominant
tribe of the Mailsi and Lodhran tehsils. The Joiyas hold most of the
land along with the Sutlej in the Mailsi tehsil. In the latter days of
the Empire the Joiyas were a turbulent element in the population,
but were kept somewhat in order by the Daudputras.”154
In Kahror Pacca, Joiya family is the legitimate child of Ray Jalal-ud-Din who had
granted the title of Malik by the king of Delhi. That is why; this family is known as Malik
family now a day.
"Malik Sir Mohammad Nawaz Khan was the symbol of dignity.
During World War II, he helped the Government to provide soldiers
and camels. As a reward, he was granted Descriptive Certificate by
Inspector General of Police, Commissionar of Police and
Superintendent of Police. In 1922, he was awarded a certificate of
District Courtier".155
Malik Ashiq Mohammad Khan Joiya was also a foremost personality of this family.
He is the founder of political basis of this family. His son Malik Shah Nawaz Khan Joiya
was a noted political leader and social worker. He has remained Councilior and Chairman
of Municipal Committee.
"Malik Shah Nawaz Joiya had three sons. They are Malik
Mohammad Qasim Khan Joiya (previous Councillor and Tehsil
Nazim), Malik Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya (Retired Major and
153
H.A. Rose, A Glossary of Tribes and Casts of the Punjab and NWFP (Lahore, 1911), 2: 123 154
Jorge Cuninghum, Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 (Lahore, 1990), 97-98 155
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 88
70
MPA) and Malik Mohammad Ajmal Khan Joiya (Previous MPA). All
three are leading political figures of Kahror Pacca".156
Besides this, Malik Rab Nawaz Khan Joiya, Malik Mushtaq Ahmad Khan Joiya,
Malik Zawar Ahmad Khan Joiya, Malik Jalal Mohammad Khan Joiya, Malik Fiaz
Mohammad Khan Joiya, Malik Ashfaq Ahmad Khan Joiya, Malik Shah Mohammad
Khan Joiya, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya, Malik Ghazanfar Khan Joiya and Malik
Mumtaz Khan Joiya are important political personalities of Joiya family in Kahror Pacca.
Brief description of leading personalities of Joiya family is given as under.
3.1.MALIK SHAH MOHAMMAD KHAN JOIYA: (1930-1938)
Malik Shah Mohammd Khan Joiya was the son of Malik
Mohammad Nawaz Khan Joiya. He was born in 1930 in Town
Kahror Pacca. He passed his matriculation exam from Govt.
High School Kahror Pacca in 1946. He did F.A. from S.E.
college Bahawalpur. He started his politics in 1962 at the
platefarm of PML (Qayum) but later on joined PPP. During 80,
he joined PML. He was the possessor of outstanding political
significance in his family.
"He spent most of his life in social works and public welfare. He had
been appointed member of Divisional Council Multan and Chairman
Market Committee. In 1977, he elected as MPA from PP-173 Kahror
Pacca at the platform of Pakistan Peoples Party. But due to protest
of public and opposition, this assembly could not survive for a long
time because General Zia-ul-Haq imposed Martial Law and
dissolved National and Provincial Assemblies in 1977".157
156
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 240 157
Ibid.
71
The Martial law was uplifted in 1985 and the non-political and technocratic
elections were held on February 25, 1985. As a result Mohammad Khan Junejo, a Sindhi
lord, was appointed Prime minister.
"On February 28, 1985 elections of Provincial Assemblies were held
in which Malik Shah Mohammad Joiya and Rana Rab Nawaz Noon
was per contra candidates from Punjab Provincial Constituency
No.173 Kahror Pacca. Malik Shah Mohammad Joiya succeeded in
this election by getting 34640 votes while Rana Rab Nawaz Noon
achieved 25005 votes".158
Malik Shah Muhammad Khan Joiya was Member Punjab Assembly during 1977 and
1985-88. During the membership of Provincial Assembly, he did much work for the
welfare of the people of Kahror Pacca.
"In 1986, Malik Shah Mohammad Khan Joiya called Chief Minister
Punjab, Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif for opening ceremony of a
road from Kahror Pacca to Maili. On the invition of Malik Shah
Mohammad Joiya, Mian Sahib reached Lodhran and inaugurated the
road. "159
He died in 1988. At the time of his death, he was MPA. Later on, by-elections were
held on this vacant seat. His son Ijaz Hussain Khan Joiya was the candidate for this seat
and he got this seat in by-elections. But after few days of this election, President Zia-ul-
Haq dissolved National and provincial assemblies. New elections of 1988 were held and
his other son Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya elected as MPA from PP-173. As a
reward of Shah Mohammad Joiya's services, a primary school was dedicated to him by
giving the name "Shah Mohammad Joiya M.C. Primary School Kahror Pacca". In
these days, this scholl was upgraded in Middle School.
158
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998) 159
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 100
72
3.2.MALIK SAJJAD HUSSAIN KHAN JOIYA: (1957)
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya was the son of Malik
Shah Mohammad Khan Joiya. He was born in Kahror Pacca
on February 12, 1957. He did his matric from Sadiq Public
School Bahawalpur in 1973. He passed intermediate
examination from Bosan Road college Multan. He started his
politics in 1988 at the platform of IJI (PML). He was the
possessor of outstanding political significance in his family.
Malik Sajjad Joiya was remained Member of Punjab Assembly during 1988-90,
1990-93 and 1993-96. After this he remained Tehsil Nazim Kahror Pacca from 2005
to 2010.
In Provincial elections of 1988, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya of IJI was
Candidate for Punjab Provincial Assembly of Constituency No. 173 Kahror Pacca.
“According to the results of Election Commission of Pakistan, Malik
Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya was elected as member of Punjab
Provincial Assembly from Constituency No. 173”.160
In these elections, he secured 24384 votes and defeated Mohammad Akram Khan
Kanju of PPP.
Similarly in 1990 elections, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya again nominated as
MPA by the leadership of IJI for Punjab Provincial Assembly Constituency No. 173
Kahror Pacca.
“Although effective politicians of Kahror Pacca were participating
in these elections yet major competition was between the candidates
160
Http://www.eco.gov.pk
73
of IJI and PDA. They held many procession and meetings on
different spots of the region”161
.
Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya visited entire constituency and convinced the voters to
support. Political activities and plot was on peak.
"Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya again elected as MPA at the
platform of IJI. He got victory by getting 30460 votes and defeated
his opponent of PDA by 17619 votes."162
In elections of 1993, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya was candidate of PPP from
Kahror Pacca constituency PP-173 Lodhran III.
"Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya won the elections by 12977 votes
while opponent candidate of PML-N, Aslam Khan Joiya remained
runner up by getting 24372 votes."163
The most interesting thing in these elections is that Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan
Joiya had changed his faithfulness. In the elections of 1997, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan
Joiya participated as MPA at the platform of PPP. But this time, his position in Punjab
Provincial Assembly's results was not satisfactory.
“According to the announcement of Election Commission of
Pakistan, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya lost the elections by
9048 votes. He obtained 24839 votes”.164
For the first time, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya failed in this election, while
Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya succeeded.
161
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000) 162
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 129-130 163
Ibid., 122 164
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998)
74
In 2005, second local government elections were held under Musharraf's Basic
Democracy System in which Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya elected as Tehsil Nazim
of Kahror Pacca.
3.3. MALIK MOHAMMAD ASLAM KHAN JOIYA: (1949-2001)
In 1949, Malik Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya was born at
Malik Shah Nawaz Khan Joiya (former Chairman). He started his
senior cambrige education from Sadiq Public School Bahawalpur.
"After completing his early and secondary education,
he got admission in Govt. College Lahore and did his
graduation in 1966. In Govt. College Lahore he
accompanied with Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju,
Mohammad Mian Somro and Shahbaz Ahmad Pracha. After
completing his education he joined Pak Army on short
commission."165
In Pak India war 1971, he was appointed on Pisror sector (Sialkote) and he
demonstrated valour and bravery on this expedition.
"Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya was an army officer in 27/Caverrly
armed core (Risala) that was considered as the best core of Pakistan
Army. He was also remained on the post of staff captain of ISI chief
General Hameed Gul. Major General Naeem Ahmad, Brig. Athar
and General Iftikhar X-core commander Karachi were his
coursemate".166
He married in 1974 but deprived from children. He adopted Malik Hamid
Mahmood, who was the son of his sister.
"In 1982, he retired from Pakistan Army and stayed in Kahror Pacca
permanently. His father, Shah Nawaz Joiya was a noted and
165
Attiq-ur-Rahman Ghori, "IK Roshan Chrigh Tha…..Na Raha," Version Times (2003):07 166
Ibid.
75
successful politician. For ten years he remained Vice Chairman of
Municipal Committee under the chairmanship of former Federal
Minister Syed Nasir Rizvi".167
Shah Nawaz Khan Joiya also remained Chairman Municipal Committee for 5
years that is why Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya got political sense and passion of public
welfare in heritage.
"Late Aslam Khan Joiya started his political career in 1990. He
participated in General Election 1990 at the platform of Pakistan
Peoples Party as the candidate of Punjab Provincial Assembly. His
opponent was Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya who was the
candidate of PML (N). Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya was also his
brother-in-law".168
In these elections, he was defeated by Sajjad Joiya, but he did not disappoint and
continued his political expedition.
"During elections 1993, he joined in PML (N) and participated in
these elections as candidate of Member Punjab Provincial Assembly.
In these elections, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya was his
adversary who was the candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party. Results
of these elections were like previous ones".169
Political breakage is not only a part of politics but has also a status of self
training. Time proved that this breakage was resulted the victory in next elections. In
elections of 1997, Aslam Khan Joiya defeatd Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya by 11500 votes.
Major (Retd) Muhammad Aslam Khan Joiya remained Member Provincial Assembly of
the Punjab during 1997-99.
167
Ibid. 168
Attiq-ur-Rahman Ghori, "IK Roshan Chrigh Tha…..Na Raha," Version Times (2003):07 169
Ibid.
76
In October, 1999, General Pervez Musharraf imposed Martial Law and abolished
Nawaz Government. In 2001, Musharraf announced the elections of Local Government.
Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya started his political activities as Tehsil Nazim alongwith
Siddique Khan Kanju, who was the candidate of District Nazim. On July 29, 2001, when
he alongwith Siddique Kanju was on election compaign in Kahror Pacca then few
unknown persons fired at them in Ghosia Chowk. Both personalities died at the spot thus
Kahror Pacca deprived from sincere leadership.
"His brother Malik Muhammad Ajmal Khan Joiya was born on
September 5, 1953 at Kahror Pacca, District Lodhran. He graduated
in 1974 from Bosan Road College, Multan. He is an agriculturist,
who served as Member Municipal Committee Kahror Pacca during
1998-99. He has been elected as Member Provincial Assembly of the
Punjab in General Elections 2002 and functioning as Parliamentary
Secretary for Punjab Employees Social Security Institution (PESSI)
since May 17, 2004".170
4. MIRZA (MUGHAL CHOGHTA) FAMILY:
Although Mirza (Mughal) and Nawab Families have also a strong political
background but their role is not considerable in the politics of Kahror Pacca.
"Mirza (Mughal) also came in Kahror Pacca form Hansi, District
Hisar. Mirza Turkman Baig was a general in the army of Amir
Taemoor. He came to Delhi and settled in Town Mohim. After him,
Mirza Ilyas Baig settled in District Hisar and got a big land from
Bathanda to Haryana. During the war of Independence two ruling
personalities, Mirza Ahmad Baig and Munir Baig were hanged by
British".171
After partition, remaining people settled in Kahror Pacca. This family was allotted a
big land (Jagir) in Jamraniwah, Ismailpur, Dhanote and Dhoraewala Mouzas in place of
170
http://www.apnalodhran.com/history.aspx 171
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 106
77
vast lands in subcontinent. In the past, Mirza Abdul Ghaffar Baig and Mirza Akhtar Baig
were enumerated as big chiefs of subcontinent. Besides this, Mirza Mohammad Azhar
Baig, Mirza Mohammad Shifaat Baig, Mirza Shamma Ahamd Baig and Mirza
Mohamamd Nasir Baig are worth mentioning personalities of this family.
"Mirza Azhar Baig who was the son of Mirza Akhtar Baig was born
in 1927 in Hansi. He worked as Municipal Commissionar of Hansi
for a long time. In Pakistan, he remained chairman and member of
Jamraniwah and Distirct Council Multan respectively. He was
considered as noted social and political leader of Kahror Pacca".172
This family has its lofty political milieu in Kahror Pacca. For example, Mirza
Mohammad Nasir Baig son of Mirza Azhar Baig elected MNA at the platform of PPP
and remained Minister of State for a long time.
4.1.MIRZA MOHAMMAD NASIR BAIG: (1956)
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig was born on January 10, 1956
in Kahror Pacca. He got his early education in Kahror Pacca and
then went to Lahore for higher education. He got Master Degree in
International Affairs from Punjab University Lahore. Due to lofty
political background of his family he participated in politics.
"He started his political expedition in 1983 at the
platform of PPP. In 1984, Benazir Bhutto handed over him the
responsibility of People's Youth Wing Lodhran. In a short time;
regardless with his family's political connection, he worked day and
night for PPP."173
In 1986, when Benazir Bhutto came to Paksitan and started Movement for
Restoration of Democracy, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig participated in this movement
with whole heartedly.
172
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 371 173
Abdul Aziz Asim, “Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig,” Version Times, ( 2005): 05
78
"Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig is the possessor of vigorous leading
capability. He is not only an official of Pakistan Peoples Party of
Kahror Pacca and District Lodhran but also an authority in political
loops. In the life of Benazir Bhutto, he was considered her right
hand. He is respected by central leadership of Pakistan Peoples
Party".174
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig is being a strong candidate of Pakistan Peoples
Party of District Lodhran since the period of Benazir Bhutto. He is a social and political
worker of Kahror Pacca.
"He participated in District Council Election. He is the president and
organizer of Pakistan Peoples Party Lodhran. He has met with
Benazir Bhutto many times. In 1986, when Chief Minister Punjab
Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif came to Kahror Pacca to participate
in hundred year's ceremony of Govt. High School Kahror Pacca,
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig was the member of Organizing
Committee of High School Kahror Pacca".175
He is working very hard to organize and promote Pakistan Peoples Party in Kahror
Pacca.
"In elections of 1988, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig participated as
MNA of PPP from NA-118 Lodhran. His opponent was Khurshid
Ahmad Khan Kanju who belonged to IJI. Nasir Baig got 30746 votes
and defeated Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju by 4660 votes."176
This election was very important in political history of Kahror Pacca because these
two candidates belonged to Kahror Pacca and had a strong political background.
174
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 79 175
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 352-353 176
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998)
79
In elections of 1990, from NA-118 Lodhran, harsh competition was between
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju (IJI) and Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig (PDA). This
time also both candidates of Kahror Pacca were face to face. But unfortunately Mirza
Mohammad Nasir Baig defeated by Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju.
"According to the results, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig got 40558
votes while Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju attained 60954
votes."177
Thus Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig lost this election by 20396 votes. In 1993
elections, PML-N had provided a ticket to Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi from NA-118 Lodhran
against of Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig.
"In these elections, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig appeared as
winning candidate by getting 72787 votes. His opponent Nasir Rizvi
got 55195 votes and defeated by 17592 votes."178
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig was an everlasting candidate of PPP. Like previous
two elections, both candidates were the politician of Kahror Pacca.
"After the success in elections of 1993, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto
decided to consign him Ministry. So, he was appointed Minister of
State for Sports."179
During his rule, he struggled hard for development and betterment of his
constituency.
"To provide Sui Gas in Lodhran was his great achievement. Every
Govt. is compelled to continue and promote this project. Besides this,
to set up Digital Telephone Exchange, provide electricity in remote
177
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 130 178
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998) 179
Abdul Aziz Asim, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Nasir Baig Ka Siasi Safar Aur Maqam (December 12, 2012)
80
areas, give ownership to the habitants of Kachi Abadi and built Sport
Complex in Lodhran are considered his mega project."180
Similarly, next election of 1997 was also between politicians of Kahror Pacca.
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig was the candidate of PPP while his opponent Siddique
Khan Kanju was nominated by PML-N. This was the 4th
election in NA-118 Lodhran in
which both major candidates were the son of Kahror Pacca.
"In these elections, Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig got 40236 votes at
the platform of PPP and Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju (PML-N)
received 84287 votes. Thus Nasir Baig was beaten by 44051
votes."181
After Musharraf Martial Law, first Local Government Elections were held in
2001. He participated in these elections as Zila Nazim against of Mohammad Siddique
Khan Kanju who was nominated by PML-Q. But due to accidental death of Siddique
Kanju, his son Abdur Rahman Khan Kanju was nominated as candidate of Zila Nazim.
"In these elections, he was defeated by Abdur Rahman Khan Kanju.
It is said that this mishave was due to the sudden death of Siddique
Kanju because Abdur Rahman had got votes of sympathy. Otherwise
his position was so strang."182
After B.D elections, Musharraf announced that general elections will be held in
2002. Before these elections, Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju and Nasir Ali Rizvi had
died thus there was not a single candidate of PML-N and PPP. In these elections, Nawab
Aman Ullah Khan participated as candidate of MNA at the platform of PML-Q and won
the elections.
Although all above observations narrate that Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig never
participated in any election from national constituency of Kahror Pacca yet he belongs to
Kahror Pacca city. He also set up a Textile Mill in Bahawalpur in which hundreds
180
Shaheen Kahrori,Op.Cit., p.131 181
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 133 182
Abdul Aziz Asim, “Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig,” Version Times, ( 2005): 05
81
unemployed peoples of Kahror Pacca were given jobs. Due to this good work people of
Kahror Pacca like him very much.
5. NAWAB (QAIM KHAWANI) FAMILY:
In ancient times, Raja Moae Rao was the ruler of two states of Rajisthan. He was
the descendant of Pirthwi Raj Chohan. He had six sons and name of the youngest son was
Kumar Karan Singh. He was fond of hunting. One day he was hunting in Ferozabad
(Hisar), he met with King Feroz Shah Tughlaq. Feroz impressed him very much due to
his valour and take with him. King brought him up with his sons and soon he became
expert in armed affairs.
"During his stay in royal palace, he impressed with Islamic teachings
and embraced Islam. He was given Islamic name "Qaim Khan".
Later on, he was appointed as Govenor of Hisar by King Feroz. After
the death of Feroz Shah Tughlaq, he trapped in courtier
conspiracies. Nobles complained him before new king. King ordered
him to leave the post of Governor but he refused".183
It is said that when King of Delhi sent his messenger to him with the order of
dismissal, Qaim Khan composed following verse in reply.
Kon Kisi Ko Daet Hai, Daen Har Kartar
Jis Ne Tu Ko Dilli Di, Moo Ko Diya Hisar
At this, a little war was fought between King and Qaim Khan but later on, they
reconciled.
"After this reconciliation, king killed Qaim Khan and his elder son by
cheating and throw them into River Jamna. Qaim Khan's two sons
out of remaining five migrated to Rajisthan and established two
states Jhanjono and Fatehpur. Qaim Khan's family ruled here till
1708. In British period, members of this family settled in Jhonpa
183
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 111
82
District Hisar. In Kahror Pacca, the ancestor of this family was
Nawab Buland Khan".184
Basically Nawab family of Kahror Pacca belongs to Rajasthan and also called
Qaim Khani Muslim Rajput. As I described that Qaim Khan, the glorious ancestor was a
Governor of Hisar in the regime of Feroze Shah Tughlaq. His two sons Mohammad Khan
and Taj Khan settled in Rajasthan and founded two states Jhanjono and Fateh Pur and
lastly settled in Kahror after the partition.
"Leading personality of this family was Nawab Aleem-ud-Din Khan
who had served the people of Kahror Pacca as honorary Majistrate.
Besides this, Nawab Iqbal Ali Khan, Nawab Nasar Ullah Khan,
Nawab Iftikhar Ahmad Khan, Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan, Nawab
Kaleem Ullah Khan, Nawab Bashir Ahmad Khan, Nawab Hameed
Ullah Khan, Nawab Aman Ullah Khan, Nawab Sami Ullah Khan
and Nawab Irfan Ahmad are noted personalities of Nawab family".185
The member of this family Nawab Amanullah Khan had elected MNA in 2002 on
the platform of PML (Q).
5.1.NAWAB ZAFAR ULLAH KHAN: (1938-1988)
Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan was the son of Nawab Nasar
Ullah Khan. He was born in 1938 in Jhonpa (Hisar), India. He
got his early education in India. Then he did his graduation from
Govt. Emercin College Multan.
"He had respectable status in history of Kahror
184
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 375 185
Ibid., 376
83
Pacca. In 1960, he initiated his politics from Ayub's B.D system and
elected as B.D member. Later on, he favoured Miss Fatima Jinnah in
presidential elections 1965 instead of Ayub Khan."186
Politically he belonged to Jamaat Islami. He also remained Emir of Jamaat Islami
Kahror Pacca. His manner was to help poors and needy. His role is admitted in honesty,
sympathy and sacrifice.
"Before entering in politics, he was included in those persons who
established Anjuman Taamir o Taraqqi Kahror Pacca. He also
played a vital role in setting up Civil Club Kahror Pacca for social
development. He started many developmental works at the platform
of Anjuman Taamir o Taraqqi."187
In 1977, he entered in National politics. On January 11, 1977 United Democratic
Front was modified into Pakistan National Alliance. The flag of Pakistan National
Allience was green with nine stars.
"Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan was regional leader of Kahror Pacca
branch of PNA. On February 08, 1977 leaders of PNA Nawab
Muzaffar Hussain Khan, Begum Naseem Wali Khan and Mian Tufail
Mohammad visited this region to stimulate the people in favour of
PNA‟s candidate Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan. These elections were
held on March 07, 1977."188
In these elections, from National Assembly Constituency No. 119, contest of
Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan was with Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi of Pakistan Peoples Party. Syed
Nasir Ali Rizvi defeated Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan by 13145.
"PNA also launched a movement for promulgation of Islamic law in
the country. This movement was called Tehrik Nizam-e-Mustafa.
186
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Nawab Zafar Ullah Ki Siasat Ka Tafseli Mutalia (October 12, 2012) 187
Ibid. 188
Ibid.
84
During agitation against Bhutto, a large number of masses were
arrested. In Kahror Pacca, Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan was arrested
too".189
He was thrown into prision during Nizam-e-Mustafa Movement. He also had to
face many difficulties due to truthfulness. During Zia's regime, he clearly refused to
become a member of Majlis e Shora.
"In non-political and technocratic elections of 1985, Nawab Zafar
Ullah Khan of Kahror Pacca participated from NA-118 of Lodhran.
His adversary candidate was Syed Mohammad Yousaf Raza Gillani.
He was defeated by Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani from 23986 votes".190
In 1988, he suffered in Lung's disease. During this disease he suffered in heart
problems. Due to major heart attack, he died on August 20,
1988.
5.2.NAWAB AMAN ULLAH KHAN: (1956)
Nawab Aman Ullah Khan is the second last son of late
Nawab Hameed Ullah Khan. He was born on January 01, 1956
in Kahror Pacca. He passed the examinations of his early
education from Kahror Pacca. Then he went to Lahore for
higher education. In 1977, he passed the examination of B.A from F.C. College Lahore.
"After sudden death of his two elder brothers Nawab Ata Ullah and
Nawab Sana Ullah, the rest of his family depended upon him because
he had become guardian of his family. This youngman not only
solved his family's problems but also led the people of Kahror Pacca
in every sphere of life".191
189
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 376-377 190
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 126 191
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Aman Ullah Khan Ki Siasi Zindagi Per Aik Nazar (October 15, 2012)
85
He started his political career in 1983 on the basis of his family background. At
that time he was not attached with any political party.
"He is not only a social and political leader but also very popular in
young generation. He also remained respectable member of District
Council Multan in 1983 and 1987. Due to cherishing of the poors, he
is famous in public"192
.
Although he was leader of opposition in District Council yet he tried his best to
solve regional problems. Every year in Kahror Pacca, Sana Ullah Memorial Cricket
Tournament is held in his supervision.
"In 1988 elections, he participated as MPA from PP-171 Multan-XII
as independent candidate. In his competition Mohammad Siddique
Khan Baloch (IJI) and Ch. Goher Ali Advocate (PPP) were strong
candidates. Besides this, seven more candidates were fighting the
election from this constituency. He got 13405 votes but defeated by
2005 votes."193
The important thing is that Siddique Khan Bloach (IJI) secured only 15410 votes
and declared victorious while Goher Ali Advocate (PPP) got third position by getting
10390 votes. So Nawab Aman Ullah Khan declared runner up candidate form 13405
votes.
"In general election of 1990, he was nominated as MPA at the
platform of PDA while Mohammad Siddique Khan Baloch was his
opponent candidate of IJI. He was polled 21365 votes while his
political opponent achieved 37793. This time Nawab again lost the
election."194
192
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 376-378 193
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998) 194
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Aman Ullah Khan Ki Siasi Zindagi Per Aik Nazar (October 15, 2012)
86
But despite of repeatedly overwhelm, he did not lose heart but continued his
struggle for achieving his goal. At last he succeeded in his effort.
"PPP again nominated him as MPA from PP-171 Lodhran. This time
he secured first position by getting 36642 votes and defeated his
adversary candidate of PML-N by 3225 votes."195
He also remained MNA of NA-118 Lodhran at the platform of PML-Q during the
session of 2002-2007. During this period, he did much work for his constituency. But in
the election of 2008, he participated as MNA form NA-155 (old 117) Kahror Pacca as
independent. He did his best to win the election but all in vain. In these days, he has
joined PTI and a strong candidate of PTI from constituency No. 155.
The most important thing is that he often mentions the kindness, support and love of
the peoples of Lodhran in his personal and political meetings.
6. SADAT QUFALI (RIZVI) FAMILY:
According to the old narrations, this family belongs to Hussaini branch. It is said
that when Hazrat Imam Ali Raza came to Mushhad he brought many antiquities or
sacraments with him who were consisted of Prophet‘s amice, Imam Hussain‘s costume
and Hazrat Ali‘s holy cowl or hood.
“This family is descended from a branch of the Syads who lived for
a long time at Mushhad. It is said that a dispute arose between two
Brothers Haji Fakhar-ud-Din and Syad Mohammad Shah regarding
the possession of certain relics of the Prophet, which were then
carefully preserved in a chest (small box), and it was agreed that
whoever will open the chest would have take them. Haji Fakhar-ud-
Din succeeded in doing so, and from this day his descendants
adopted the name of Kufalis.”196
195
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 132 196
Authority of Punjab Govt., Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 (Lahore, 1990), 106-107
87
But dispute between them maintained. Haji Fakhar-ud-Din disappointed with these
situations, migrated to Multan and settled here permanently.
"Later on a saint of this family Hazrat Zinda Peer came to Kahror
with Hazrat Shah Rukan-e-Alam and resided in Kahror Pacca. Sadat
Rizvis of Kahor Pacca are the sons of Zinda Peer."197
A century ago, Syed Akbar Shah was counted a leading member of this family. Being
a big feudal he led a simple life. He remained a member of District Board Multan for
fifteen years. Brief description of the most prominent figures of this family who played a
vital role in politics of Kahror Pacca is given below.
6.1.BRIGADIER SAYD ALI SHAH RIZVI: (1906-1974)
Sayd Ali Shah born on July 28, 1906 in Kahror Pacca. After
completing his education in 1926, he joined Army as Lieutenant
in Bahawalpur. In 1930, he was promoted as captain and then
gradually became Brigader till 1948.
“During Second World War, Brigader Sayd Ali Shah
commanded a unit on the sector of Asam and Bengal.
He also served Bahawalpur army and public during 1944-46".198
As a reward of his services he was granted medals for War, Service, Crown
Ceremony, ability of Wars and State victory. Inspite of wealth and popularity he led a
very simple life. After retirement, he settled in Kahror Pacca permanently.To serve the
public and region was his way of life. For a long time he remained Vice Chairman of
Kahror Pacca Municipalty. He also worked as Adjoint General Secretary of Nawab Sadiq
Mohammad Khan of Bahawalpur. Although he was an outstanding political figure of
Kahror Pacca yet he remained away from national and provincial politics.
197
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar, Murraqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 256 198
Ibid., 248
88
Besides this, although Syed Roshan Shah, Syed Nazar Hussain Shah, Syed
Vilayat Hussain Shah, Syed Iqbal Hussain Rizvi and Syed Sher Shah Rizvi (former vice
chairman) are leading political personalities of Sadat family yet Syed Nasir Ali Shah
Rizvi has prominent status in national politics.
6.2. SYED NASIR ALI SHAH RIZVI: (1935-2000)
Syed Nasir Ali Shah Rizvi is the eldest son of Brigader
Sayd Ali Shah. He was the famous politician of Kahror Pacca
and leading member of Sadat family. He was born in 1935 and
passed matriculation exam in 1951 and secured first division. In
1956, he did his graduation from F.C. College Lahore. In
College life, he was not only a brilliant student but also a good athlete. As a General
Secretary and President of college students union, he tried his best to solve student‘s all
kinds of problems. Same year he got a commission in Pak Army but later on released
from it.
“He started his political career in 1960 and entered in the bed of
thorn of politics. In presidential elections of 1964 he supported Miss
Fatima Jinnah instead of President of Pakistan General Mohammad
Ayub Khan. He also struggled for restoration of public freedom in
Pakistan. Due to his services he was appointed General Secretary of
Council Muslim League Multan Division”.199
On December 4, 1964, when Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah came to Lodhran then Nasir
Ali Shah Rizvi presented her a pouch of 1101 rupees as cooperative fund for the election.
In 1970, he joined PPP and elected MNA with majority of votes. As MNA, he had a
specific status in national politics.
"He was considered right hand of former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali
Bhutto. So, he was given priority for services of national and
international level. In 1973, he represented Pakistan in UNO as
199
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar, Murraqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 258.
89
official ambassidar/ high commissioner. In 1974, he participated in
Diamond Jubli of Nomania Communist Party as leader of Govt.
delegate."200
Similarly he participated with PM Zulfiqar in visits to many countries. In 1975, he
was elected General Secretary of Punjab Pakistan Peoples Party.
"In 1976, he was appointed federal minister for Housing and
Buildings. Later on, he was appointed Central Deputy General
Secretary of PPP. In May 1976, he went to China and Koria along
with Taj Mohammad Khan Langah of Kahror Pacca who was close
friend of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto".201
After dismissal of Bhutto‘s Govt. he settled in Manchester (England) for some time
and then returned to Pakistan.
"Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi of Kahror Pacca fought 1990 elections from
National Assembly Constituency No. 118 Lodhran as independent
candidate. This was his first election from NA-118 because after the
death of President General Zia-ul-Haq, when Benazir Bhutto came to
Pakistan she closed the doors of PPP on Nasir Ali Shah Rizvi. "202
As a result of this ban, he left PPP and joined IJI. At that time, Mian Mohammad
Nawaz Sharif was leading IJI. Very soon, Nasir Rizvi got nearest place to Mian Nawaz
Sharif. In election 1993, he was nominated as MNA from Lodhran.
PML-N had provided a ticket to Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi from NA-118
Lodhran against of Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig of Kahror Pacca
who was a permanent candidate of PPP."203
200
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 339 201
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar, Murraqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 258-259 202
Benazir Bhutto,"PPP Se Nikale Gae Afrad Per Party K darwaze Band", Jang (April 30, 1986), p.7 203
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000)
90
Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi got 55195 votes while opposite candidate Mirza Mohammad
Nasir Baig secured 72787 votes thus he was defeated by Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig
from 17592 votes. In 1997 elections, Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif nominated
Siddique Khan Kanju as MNA from NA-118 and Ghulam Qasim Khan from NA-117.
"Nasir Ali Rizvi participated as independent candidate from both
constituencies NA-117 and 118. The results were not satisfactory
because he achieved only 645 and 548 votes respectively."204
After this, his political career had finished and after three years of this election, he
died in 2000.
7. SOME OTHER POLITICAL FAMILIES:
Besides these major political families and personalities, following persons also
have significance in politics of Kahror Pacca.
7.1. LANGAH FAMILY:
Peoples of Langah family are settled in different areas of Pakistan. Majority of this
family is populated in the Punjab, Balochistan and Sindh Provinces. It is admitted fact
that Langah family set up a soverign Government in Multan from 1440 to 1526.
Langahs of Multan were setting up a consistent system of forts in their captured
for the defence of Kingdom.
"These forts were built in the entire state in which a strong army was
appointed. This army was responsible for defence and law & order
situation. For this purpose, army was given estate in these areas.
Multan, Shorkot, Fatehpur near Kahror (Lodhran), Thatha Ghallon
(Lodhran), Uchchh, Derawar, Jajjah, Meo (Mubarak) Sewrai, Bhutta
Wahin, Ubarah, Kot Karor, Dhankot and Sangarh etc were noted
forts of Langahs".205
204
Http://www.eco.gov.pk 205
Adv. Umar Kamal Khan, Multan Langah Dore Mein (Multan, 1995), 110
91
Later on, this family colonized in Shujaabad, Kahror Pacca, Shujaatpur and
Jahanpur etc. In Kahror Pacca, almost 42 Murabba agricultural lands of Langah family
are present in different Mouzas. They are leading respectable life in Kahror Pacca.
"Ancient fort of Kahror Pacca is known as 'Tibba Langahan'.
Similarly, a land of Banglow Irrigation Kahror Pacca is also the
property of this family. Allah Bachaya Khan Langah and Haji Dost
Mohammad Khan Langah are two outstanding personalities of
Kahror Pacca. In Ayub Khan's regime, Allah Bachaya was Chairman
and Numberdar of U.C. Naseer-ud-Din Wahin".206
Haji Dost Mohammad Khan Langah was the owner of popular and civilized
personality. He had believed in power of knowledge that is why he sent his son Taj
Mohammad Khan Langah abroad for higher education. He passed Bar-at-Law from
London.
Besides this, Haji Mohammad Jind Wadda Khan, Ahmad Khan, Ata Mohammad
Khan, Mohammad Hayat Khan, Mohammad Ameen Khan and Mohammad Khan Langah
are popular religious, social and political personalities of Langah family.
7.1.1. TAJ MOHAMMAD KHAN LANGAH: (1939-2013)
"In Lodhran district jhoke Langah of Tehsil kahror
pacca is the birth place of Barrister Taj Muhammad
Langah who is the founder of the Siraiki National
Movement".207
Taj Mohammad Khan Langah was born on August 08,
1939 in Jhoke Langah (Kahror Pacca). His father name is Dost
Mohammad Khan Langah. He got his early education in Basti
Goth Bahar. In 1948, he got admission in Govt. High School Kahror Pacca.
206
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 326 207
http://www.apnalodhran.com/history.aspx
92
"Taj Mohammad Khan Langah published a magazine of Govt. High
School Kahror Pacca. He was the first editor of this magazine. He is
also founder of Boys Scouts Society of Kahror Pacca. In 1952, he
was appointed a leader of International Scouts March, which was
held in Karachi".208
During 1953-54, he elected General Secretary of first Students Union of Kahror
Pacca.
"Taj Mohammad Khan Langah is noted politician of Kahror Pacca.
He passed matriculation examination in 1954 from Govt. High
School Kahror Pacca. After F.Sc. from S.E. College Bahawalpur, he
went to Lahore and did B.Sc. from Govt. College Lahore. Then he
travelled to London for Bar-at-law. First he remained advisor of
Local Govt. England and then elected advisor of Pakistan Western
Railway Board ".209
He was very disappointed with Ayub's regime and unconstitutional policies so, he
went to England in 1963. After one year, he decided to come back in Pakistan but he got
a job in law department of British Ministery of Baldiat for Health and Social Welfare.
"In 1966, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto went to England. He met with Taj
Mohammad Langah and asked to help him in establishment of a new
political party so that they could work together for democracy. In
1967, when Mr. Bhutto announced to establish PPP, he returned to
the country to give up his luxurious life. He was first one who set up
an office of PPP in District Multan."210
In July 1968, he was nominated member of Punjab People's Party Committee.
During this period, he worked day and night for this organization along with Sheikh
Rasheed.
208
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 328 209
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 352 210
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Op.Cit.,p. 330
93
"In 1970 elections, he was nominated as Member of Parliament from
Lodhran but due to the conspiracy of Ghulam Mustafa Khar, this
ticket was given to Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi."211
In these elections, when Ahsan Khan Khakwani, Mahmood Nawaz Babar,
Sahibzada Farooq Ali Khan and Riaz Ali Qureshi refused to take part in elections against
Mian Mumtaz Doltana then Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto became angry with Mustafa Khar.
"In this situation, Mr. Khar met with Taj Langah on the advice of
Bhutto and requested him to fight the election against Doltana. He
agreed with this proposal but defeated by only few votes. Due to
these elections, he reached at the peak of politics of the country."212
From 1971 to 1972, he remained substitute president of Punjab People's Party. Taj
Langah was kept behind during the Chief Ministery and Governorship of Mustafa Khar.
"In 1974, Khar was removed and Punjab Party Union was broken. In
new established organization, Meraj Khalid, Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi and
Taj Mohammad Langah were appointed as President, General
Secretary and Deputy Secretary respectively. Later on, he appointed
Deputy Secretary General of Pakistan Peoples Party."213
In 1977, when PNA blamed on PPP for cheating in the elections, he advised
Bhutto to announce re-electiion. But Bhutto not only refused to accept this proposal but
also replied him to leave the party.
"On April 08, 1977, he called his 200 friends in London and not only
announced to resign from PPP but also set up a new party namely
"Awami Jamhori Party". At this news, Z.A. Bhutto said to Dr.
211
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 330 212
Ibid., 331 213
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 352-53
94
Mubashir Hasan to declare the discharge of Taj Langah from
PPP."214
Mubashir Hasan was already aware of resignation so he did not announce. At this,
Afzal Saeed (Secretary PM) published this news on Radio, T.V and Newspapers that was
continued for two days.
"After few days, he was put in prision into Lakhpat Jail along with
other leaders of Qaumi Ittihad. Here, Nawab Akbar Bugti was also
under surveillance. Both spent three months in imprisonment. But on
July 5, 1977, he was released."215
He also remained Senior Vice President of Awami Jamhori Ittihad. In Zia's
regime, when he favoured four points program of MRD, he was again put under
observation in 1981. After exemption, he demanded a separate province including
Multan, Bahawalpur, D.G. Khan, D.I. Khan Divisions and Districts of Jhang, Khushab,
Mianwali and Bhakar at the platform of Siraki Lawers Forum Multan High Court. From
those days, he is trying for the establishment of Siraiki Province.
"In April 1989, Taj Mohammad Langah founded Pakistan Siraiki
Party. To set up Siraikistan Province, Provincial Autonomy and to
give Siraiki a status of National Language were included in its
motto."216
7.2. SHEIKH SIDDIQUI FAMILY:
In subcontinent, Sheikh Family was called 'Sheikh Beupari'. Different branches of
this family are settled in Kahror Pacca in which Bud Gujjar, Sheikh Siddiqui, Sheikh
Qassab, Sheikh Qureshi and Sheikh Hashmi are worth mentioning. Majority of migrated
families are called Qureshi who belonged to various areas of District Hisar.
214
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 332 215
Ibid.333 216
Mohammad Mumtaz Khan Daher, Tareekh Mailsi (Malilsi, 2001), 107
95
"If we put a glimpse on Jamiat-ul-Quraish then we shall come to
know entire history of this family. This Jamiat was present in
subcontinent in the shape of permanent organization. President of
this organization was Sheikh Abdul Majeed of Kahror Pacca who
was senior vice president of Behwana Municipalty".217
In 1950, Sheikh Abdul Majeed elected Chairman Market Committee and then
elected Chairman Municipal Committee Kahror Pacca from 1955 to 1958. Another
prominent figure of Sheikh Family is Sheikh Safdar Ali.
"Sheikh Safdar Ali belongs to Mouza Fatehpur District Gorgawan.
He elected Councillor of Municipalty Kahror Pacca in 1955 and
1979. In 1958, he was chosen as Chairman of Municipalty Kahror
Pacca. He was the first president of Convention Muslim League
Kahror Pacca".218
Sheikh Rahim Bukhsh, Sheikh Abdul Majeed Sohnvi, Sheikh Mohammad Ameen,
Sheikh Noor Mohammad, Sheikh Mohammad Din, Sheikh Shah Mohammad, Sheikh
Abdus Samad Bahwani, Sheikh Zahoor-ud-Din, Mohammad Din Hashmi Advocate,
Sheikh Waheed Kamal, Sheikh Mohammad Suleman (Chairman Municipalty Kahror
Pacca), Sheikh Fakhar-ud-Din and Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq etc are well-known peoples
of Sheikh Family. Although they have a vast social, religious and political background in
the history of Kahror Pacca yet Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq has significant status in
political scenario of Kahror Pacca.
7.2.1. SHEIKH MOHAMMAD SADIQ: (1936)
Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq was born in 1936 in Jalendhar.
He is the son of Sheikh Mohammad Ameen. He belongs to
such family of Jalendhar which not only participated in
Pakistan Movement and struggle for Pakistan but also gave
217
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987),338 218
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 110
96
sacrifices for Pakistan.
"His maternal grandfather Sheikh Khurshid Mohammad (Khan
Bahadur) was not only I.C.S officer but also was the first Muslim
Deputy Commissionar of Jalendhar. Due to his services, he was
given the titles of Khan Bahadur. He was also president of Muslim
League Jalendhar Division. In 1943, when Quaid-e-Azam
Mohammad Ali Jinnah came to Jalendhar, he stayed in Sheikh
Khurshid Mohammad's house for three days".219
After existence of Pakistan, his father Sheikh Mohammad Ameen came to
Pakistan and populated in Kahror Pacca where Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq passed
matriculation examination in 1950. In 1956, he did graduation from Govt. College
Sahiwal. He was also the captain of College Cricket Team.
"In 1964, he elected councillor of Municipalty Kahror Pacca. But in
1968, when Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto formed Pakistan Peoples Party, he
resigned councillorship and joined PPP. In 1969, he was appointed
president of Pakistan Peoples Party Kahror Pacca".220
Due to his brilliant performance, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto nominated him president of
Pakistan Peoples Party Tehsil Lodhran.
"In 1977, PPP nominated him candidate for MPA from PP-173
Kahror Pacca but inspite the shortage of resources, he succeeded in
these elections. He has distinctive position in political spheres of
Kahror Pacca".221
7.3.ABBASI FAMILY:
As I described in above paragraphs that Sheikh Family was called 'Sheikh Beupari'.
Different branches of this family are settled in Kahror Pacca in which Bud Gujjar, Sheikh
219
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 354 220
Ibid. 221
Ibid. 355
97
Siddiqui, Sheikh Qassab, Sheikh Qureshi and Sheikh Hashmi are worth mentioning.
Majority of migrated families are called Qureshi who belonged to various areas of
District Hisar. Sheikh Qureshi Family is also called Abbasi.
"Genealogical tree of Abbasi family is tied with Holy Prophet's uncle
Hazrat Abbas (R.A). Forefathers of this family populated in Arab for
a long time but in 1840, some saints of this family came to
subcontinent for preaching Islam".222
Sayd Ali, a noble saint of this family was lieutenant (Subadar) in the army of
Syed Ismail Shaheed. After the martyrdom of Syed Ismail and Syed Ahmad Bralvi, he
came to Shikwahabad and appointed chief justice (Qazi-ul-Qaza).
"Qazi Sayd Ali had three sons (Mohammad Ashraf Ali, Imdad Ali and
Fakhar-ud-Din). Ashraf Ali was childless. Ihsan Ullah who was the
son of Fakhar-ud-Din, had two sons Sheikh Mohammad Yasin and
Sheikh Mohammad Ameen. Farzand Ali (son of Imdad Ali) had only
one son namely Sheikh Khurshid Ali Abbasi".223
Alhaj Ghulam Mohammad Abbasi and Alhaj Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi are the sons
of Mohammad Khurshid Ali Abbasi.
"Ghulam Mohammad Abbasi is counted one of the famous social and
political leaders. He is also a religious personality of this family. He
is chief administrator of Jamia Islamia Babul Uloom Kahror Pacca.
Similarly, Dr. Mohammad Yaqeen Abbasi is one of the best eye
sergons of Pakistan. He has visited many countries to participate in
international level conferences".224
Besides this, Sheikh Mohammad Mubeen Abbasi, Late Mohammad Saleem Akhtar
Abbasi and Mohammad Kaleem Abbasi are outstanding personalities of Abbasi Family.
If we observed all above personalities of Abbasi family then we can conclude that Alhaj
222
Hafiz Mohammad Yousaf Chughtai, Tareekh Kahror Sharif (Kahror Pacca, 1970 ), 51 223
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 107 224
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 351-52
98
Mahmood-ul-Hasan is the most prominent and outstanding political figure of this family.
Here we shall only discuss about Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi.
7.3.1. MAHMOOD-UL-HASAN ABBASI: (1947)
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi was born on January 3, 1947 in
Tehsil Sarsah District Hisar (India).
"Farzand Ali had only one son namely Sheikh Khurshid
Ali Abbasi. There are two male children of Khurshid Ali
Abbasi. Name of elder son is Ghulam Mohammad
Abbasi while the youngest son is Mahmood-ul-Hasan
Abbasi. Both are alive and working for public welfare."225
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi is a political and social worker of Kahror Pacca. He
did his Matric in 1965 from Govt. High School Kahror Pacca. He also remained convener
of Old Boys Association of High School Kahror Pacca.
"In 1967, he passed intermediate examination and then got Bachelor
degree from Vilayat Hussain Islamia College Multan in 1970. He
also got master degrees in History, Islamic Studies and Urdu form
Punjab University and Islamia University respectively. He got a
diploma in Islamic Fiqh from Islamia University Bahawalpur. Then
he passed L.L.B examination from Karachi University."226
His name was on the top of that list which is consisted of founders of 'Eagles' a
student's union of Islamia University Bahawalpur.
“In 1970, when Tehrik-e-Istiqlal Kahror Pacca branch was
established, Rana Mohammad Ibrahim, Alhaj Mahmood-ul-Hasan
Abbasi, Rana Jang Sher Khan (Advocate) and Rana Mohammad
225
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 107-108 226
Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi Ki Zindagi Per Tairana Nazar (December 25, 2012)
99
Ajmal Noon advocate were active and inspired members of Tehrik-
e-Istiqlal Kahror Pacca.”227
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi has been remained Chief Organizer and Guardian of
Eagles Farmers Association Punjab, Sana Ullah Memorial Cricket Club and Arts Conucil
Kahror Pacca.
"He started his political activities in 1966 from college union Vilayat
Hussain Multan. But his political career was started in 1969 at the
platform of PPP. In the same year he was elected as president of
Motahidda Student Federation."228
When JUI divided in Darkhwasti and Fazal-ur-Rahman groups, Mahmood ul
Hasan Abbasi joined JUI-F and remained in Jamiat Ulema e Isalm (Fazal-ur-Rahman) for
a long time.
"Ghulam Mohammad Abbasi, Hafiz Abdur Rasheed Baryar, Maulvi
Mohammad Sharif Nomani, Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi and Haji
Ishtiaq Ali Qureshi were its preliminary members. Maulana Fazal-
ur-Rahman came to Kahror Pacca for many times on the invitation of
these members."229
Due to the attatchment with JUI-F, Party leadership trusted him very much and
nominated him as candidate of MNA from Constituency NA-117.
"In general elections of 1990, JUI nominated him as MNA from NA-
117. In these elections, he got 4639 votes and lost the election
against his political opponents Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon (PDA)
and Nawab Hayat Ullah Tareen (IJI)."230
227
Shaheen Kahrori, Tareekh Kahror Pacca (Multan, 1987), 331 228
Abdul Aziz Asim, “Alhaj Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi,” Version Times, ( 2005): 08 229
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 193 230
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998)
100
His educational services for Kahror Pacca are also possessor of permanent
chapter.
"In the beginning, he founded Anjuman Islamia in Kahror Pacca and
then set up Islamia College under this organization. But later on,
when Govt. established an Intermediat College in Kahror Pacca, he
donated all furniture of Islamia College to Govt. College."231
He is also running a private educational institution "Abbasia Model High School".
This institution is the owner of brilliant standard and thousands of students have got
typical education.
"He also established Anjuman Flah e Awam in Kahror Pacca. Under
this Anjuman he purchased an EMBULANCE that is a source to
convey poor patient to hospital."232
In previous General Elections, he was nominated as MPA from PP-208 Kahror
Pacca at the platform of PPP but he lost this election.
"In this election, he got 24000 votes and got victory from all four
union councils of Kahror Pacca city. First time in the history of
Kahror Pacca, PPP won from urban areas due to the personality of
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi."233
In these days, though he has announced for retirement from politics yet his
sympathies are with PML-N. The reason is that his elder son Imadad Ullah Abbasi is
attached with PML-N who is also being uninon Nazim and the strong candidate for MPA.
231
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 353 232
Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Mahmood ul Hasan Abbasi Ki Zindagi Per Tairana Nazar (December 25, 2012) 233
Ibid.
101
CHAPTER NO: 3
POLITICAL SCENARIO OF KAHROR PACCA FROM 1988 TO 1999
After the art of historiography, incidents and circumstances can be arranged by
various historical books and expeditions. But it can be amazingly and incredibly relate
that no proper effort was done on political sphere by any historian or erudite. Due to this
slackness, the political majesty of Kahror Pacca has become restricted to the old
traditions.
Before partition, when Lodhran was only a Tehsil of District Multan and Kahror
Pacca was a town of Tehsil Lodhran, the Gillani family had a great political influence in
this region.
"A big land lord Malik Mohammad Nawaz Khan Joiya was a strong
opponent of Gillani family. But after partition, the political history of
District Lodhran totally changed."234
Before talk about the concerned topic it is necessary to highlight the political
activities of pre-required period of Kahror Pacca.
1. POLITICAL BACKGROUND OF KAHROR PACCA BEFORE 1988
Usually political elite of Lodhran District hails from Kahror Pakka from the early
times to this day.
"The District Lodhran abounds with Kanju, Mirza and Nawab
Families who have effective control in the district. Kanju Family has
a huge vote bank in whole District."235
After partition, the elections of National Assembly were held in 1951, in which
Makhdoom Alamdar Hussain Gillani elected member of National Assembly while
Mohammad Amin Khan Kanju became the member of Provincial Assembly. In 1964,
when presidential election compaign was started between Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah and
234
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 219 235
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 101.
102
General Ayub Khan then majority of big land lords of Multan district i.e Gillani, Qureshi,
Syed, Tareen, Khakwani, Kanju, Awan, Noon and Joiyas cooperated with Ayub Khan
while Nawab Zafar Ullah and Nasir Ali Rizvi of Kahror Pacca were supporting
Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah. On December 04, 1964 when she came to Lodhran, Syed Nasir
Ali Shah Rizvi handed over her a pouch of 1101 rupees as co-operative fund for expenses
of elections.
2. GENERAL ELECTIONS 1970 AND KAHROR PACCA
On December 07, 1970 Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi of Pakistan Peoples Party was
elected the member of National Assembly from the electoral constituency of Lodhran
No.86.
“He got 84430 votes while his opponent candidate Mohammad
Kabir Khan of Pakistan Muslim League Qayyum group received
26936 votes while on December 17, 1970, Rana Rab Nawaz Noon
became the member of Punjab Provincial Assembly from Kahror
Pacca”.236
As a result of these elections, Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto elected Prime Minister of
Pakistan. During his regime, the electoral constituencies were rationalized. Two of
National Assembly and four of Provincial Assembly constituencies were formed in
District Lodhran including Kahror Pacca and Dunyapur.
On February 28, 1973 ―United Democratic Front‖ was formulated against Bhutto
Government in all over the country. Khawaja Abdul Hameed Butt and Pir Zahoor Alam
were nominated its convener in Lodhran and Kahror Pacca respectively. On January 11,
1977 due to participation of nine political and religious parties “United Democratic
Front” was modified into “Pakistan National Alliance”. The flag of Pakistan National
Allience was green with nine stars. Pir Zahoor Alam, Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan, Khurshid
Ahmad Khan Kanju, Qari Noor-ul-Haq Qureshi, Molana Abdul Majeed Shakir, Molana
236
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 116.
103
Manzoor-ul-Haq Farooqi, Rahim-ud-Din Ghori and Khalid Mahmood Rashid were
regional leaders of Kahror Pacca branch of PNA.
3. GENERAL ELECTION 1977 AND KAHROR PACCA
On February 05, 1977 Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto came to Lodhran
Distirct for election‘s compaign of Pakistan Peoples Party candidates Syed Nasir Shah
Rizvi for MNA and Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq for MPA of Kahror Pacca. On February
08, 1977 leaders of PNA Nawab Muzaffar Hussain Khan, Begum Naseem Wali Khan
and Mian Tufail Mohammad visited this region to stimulate the people in favour of
PNA‘s candidates Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan, Khurshid Ahamd Khan Kanju and Qari
Noor-ul-Haq Qureshi of Kahror Pacca.
"These elections were held on March 07, 1977. Chaudhry Abdul
Rehman Wahla of Pakistan Peoples Party won the election of MNA
from National Assembly constituency No. 118 by getting 63308 votes
against Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju of PNA who got 45673 votes.
From National Assembly Constituency No. 119 Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi
of Pakistan Peoples Party succeeded by getting 64249 votes against
his opponent Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan of Pakistan National Alliance
who got 51104 votes."237
Besides this Sheikh Mohammad Sadiq and Malik Shah Mohammad Joiya elected
the members of Punjab Provincial Assembly from Provincial constituencies of Kahror
Pacca.
The most interesting and important thing is that PNA did not accept the results of
these elections due to deception. As a result PNA declared to start a Civil Disobedience
Movement. Under this movement strikes were begun and business centers were closed in
Kahror Pacca. PNA also launched a movement for promulgation of Islamic law in the
country. This movement was called Tehrik Nizam-e-Mustafa. During agitation against
Bhutto, a large number of the masses were arrested. In Kahror Pacca, Nawab Zafar Ullah
237
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 118
104
Khan, Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju, Pir Zahoor Alam, Qari Noor-ul-Haq, Nawab Ihsan
Ullah Khan, Haji Mohammad Yaqoob and Noor Mohammad were arrested too. In view
of the bad situation of law and order, General Zia-ul-Haq arrested the Prime Minister
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, dismissed his Government and imposed Martial Law in the country.
On August 28, 1977 Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi declared to keep him away from
Pakistan Peoples Party and meanwhile Barrister Taj Mohammad Langah also left PPP.
After imposing Martial Law, General Zia-ul-Haq formulated Majlis-e-Shura in Which
Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju of Kahror Pacca was nominated its member.
"From District Multan, Zia's Government nominated Sajjad Hussain
Qureshi, Ghulam Abbas Bukhari, Syed Ahmad Nawaz Shah Gardezi,
Khurshid Khan Kanju, Nafees Ahmad Ansari, Sheikh Mohammad
Rasheed, Khan Dilawar Khan Khichchi, Aftab Ahmad Khan Daha,
Mian Ghulam Haider Wayen, Khawaja Mohammad Yousaf, Sheikh
Imdad Hussain, Dr. Khawar Ali Shah, Ch. Abdul Sattar, Begum
Farukh Mukhtar and Begum Molvi Mohammad Fezan as members of
Majlis e Shura."238
The most important thing is that in Zia's regime, a person who was opponent of
Siddique Khan Kanju was killed. Khurshid Khan Kanju (Member Majlis e Shura) was
supporting slain's group. Khurshid Khan Kanju was connected with Syed Fakhar Imam's
group who was not only federal minister of Baldiat (Local Govt.) but also chairman of
District Council Multan.
"I reached on the spot and judged all circumstances. After that I met
with Munir Akbar (Assistant Commissioner Lodhran) but under
Martial Law Act, case of assassination was registered against
Siddique Khan Kanju."239
After that Siddique Khan Kanju went to Islamabad with Yousaf Raza Gilani
where they stayed in Government Hostel. During this stay, Yousaf Raza Gilani
238
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 66 239
Ibid.
105
introduced Siddique Khan Kanju with Raja Mohammad Zafar-ul-Haq. He had soft corner
for Siddique Kanju. Yousaf Raza Gilani also introduced Siddique Khan Kanju with
Governor Punjab, General Gilani.
"When Governor Punjab was presiding the session of members
Majlis e Shura (Multan Division) in Punjab Assembly Lahore then
Khurshid Kanju put a problem of Kahror Pacca murder case before
him and requested to arrest involved persons. Governor said, "What
do you want, I shall hang your cousin?"240
At this, Khurshid Kanju kept silence. This case was ceased and thus Siddique
Khan Kanju was pardoned from a capital crime.
4. GENERAL ELECTIONS 1985
The previous parliamentary elections were held on March 7, 1977, in which
Peoples Party got two-third majority. However violence and civil disorder led the
military coup, codename Operation Fair Play initiated by Chief of Army Staff General
Zia-ul-Haq led the ouster of the former Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. On December
19, 1984, General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq took over the charge as the President of
Pakistan through referendum and declared the schedule of general elections on non-party
basis.
The Martial law was uplifted in 1985 and the non-political and technocratic
elections were held on February 25, 1985. As a result Mohammad Khan Junejo, a Sindhi
lord, was appointed Prime minister. In the elections of National Assembly, there were
following three candidates from National constituency No.118 Kahror Pacca.
1. Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju.
2. Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju.
3. Chaudhary Mohammad Yaqoob King.
"In this national constitueny of Kahror Pacca, total numbers of
registered votes were 180303 from which 121409 were casted. 240
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 66
106
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju won the election to get 65813
votes, while Khurshid Ahmad Khan Kanju achieved 36789 and
Mohammad Yaqoob King obtained 14571 votes."241
Similarly in NA constituency 118 of Lodhran Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan of Kahror
Pacca was adversary candidate of Syed Mohammad Yousaf Raza Gillani who was
defeated by Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani from 23986 votes. Gilani writes about District
Lodhran's Constituency:
"My father had elected as MNA from this constituency and remained
federal minister of state for energy and building as well as provincial
minister of Baldiat. After him, Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi remained federal
minister for housing and building. I was third one who elected as
MNA and secured ministry of housing and building."242
On February 28, 1985 elections of Provincial Assemblies were held in which
Malik Shah Mohammad Joiya and Rana Rab Nawaz Noon were per contra candidates
from Punjab Provincial Constituency No.172 Kahror Pacca. Malik Shah Mohammad
Joiya succeeded in this election by getting 34640 votes while Rana Rab Nawaz Noon
achieved 25005 votes.
PAKISTAN GENERAL ELECTION, 1988
1. BACKGROUND:
On May 29, 1988, the National Assembly which was elected in 1985 was
dissolved prematurely by President Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq dismissing the Prime
Minister and the rest of his cabinet asserting that the 'administration was corrupt and
inefficient'. The new polling date was set by the President on July 20, 1988. Moreover it
was also announced that the elections would be held on a non-party basis.
241
Liaquat Ali Mughal, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 23, 2013) 242
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 87
107
“President Zia set up caretaker Govt. in centre and the provinces. In
centre, Aslam Khatak was appointed as Senior Minister in place of
Prime Minister. It meant that Zia intended to supervise the federal
government himself and Mian Nawaz Sharif was made the Chief
Minister of Punjab”.243
Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif appointed Siddique Khan Kanju as Provincial
Minister of Education in his cabinet. However, the accidental death of President Zia on
17th
of August 1988, the Supreme Court of Pakistan on October 2, 1988, reversed the ban
on parties and allowed the elections to be held on a party basis.
"After the death of Zia, military “opted to distance itself from explicit
involvement in politics and decided to hold election in the country”
nevertheless “it continued to guide the direction of electoral
competition.”244
New parliamentary elections were finally held. Previously, General Zia had
crushed the socialist's Movement for the Restoration of Democracy attempted to
overthrow his military regime and took extremely tough actions to further disintegrate the
movement.
2. ELECTION CAMPAIGN AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES IN KAHROR:
The Pakistan People's Party (PPP), led by Benazir Bhutto and the conservative
Islamic Democratic Alliance (IJI), headed by Nawaz Sharif as well as a huge number of
other groups, fielded around 1,370 candidates for the 237 seats of the assembly.
"Consequently the emergence of the Islami Jamhuri Ittehad came to
pass in 1988. Pakistan Muslim League was the party of central
importance in that alliance. However the pro-Zia elements
successfully contrived the ouster of Muhammad Khan Junejo from
243
Sheikh Mohammad Rafique, Pakistan Since 1947 (Lahore, 2008), 405 244
Saeed Shafqat, Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: From Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to Benazir Bhutto (Lahore, 1997), 225
108
the position of political significance. Fida Muhammad Khan was
made the President of the newly conjured up PML and Mian Nawaz
Sharif became its Secretary General."245
A huge election compaign was started in whole country and even Kahror Pacca
had central significance in the eyes of leaders of political parties. Before elections,
political activities in Kahror Pacca were visible. The reason is that from early days,
Kahror Pacca is being under the influence of feudalism and landlordism that is why any
political party had not ability to clean sweep in Kahror Pacca on the basis of peculiar
political agenda. In Kahror Pacca not only politicians but also political parties had no
strong grip in the field of politics. Political field had to decorate on the basis of local
grouping and feudalism. During these elections, the process of political contrivance was
continued.
"Basically Pakistan Muslim League had lost his status. In General
Election 1975 due to the success of PPP, various political and
conservative parties decided to unite. As a result a new alliance
namely “Islami Jamhori Ittihad” came into being in patronage of
Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif."246
The conservatives under Nawaz Sharif campaigned on expanding the
industrialization and privatization program. On the other hand, the democratic socialists
and secular re-unite and campaigned under Pakistan Peoples Party's platform led by
Benazir Bhutto. The Pakistan Peoples Party campaigned employed pledged to control and
begin the extremism as well as restriction the power of the trade unions. Due to these
critical circumstances Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto visited District Lodhran and addressed
the peoples of Lodhran, Kahror Pacca and Dunyapur for supporting the candidates of
PPP.
245
Tahir Kamran, Democracy and Governance in Pakistan (Lahore, 2008), 137-138 246
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998)
109
For general elections 1988, following candidates were nominated for national and
provincial constituencies of Kahror Pacca. Candidates for National Assembly
Constituency No. 117 Kahror Pacca are given below.
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju (IJI).
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon (PPP).
Mr. Mohammad Zahoor Alam (PAI).
Candidates for Punjab Provincial Assembly Constituency No. 173 Kahror Pacca are
given as under.
Mr. Amanullah Khan (IND).
Qari Mohammad Abdur Rehman (JUI - D).
Mr. Ashiq Hussain Khan (IND).
Mr. Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju (PPP).
Mr. Mohammad Zahoor Alam (PAI).
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan (IJI).
As I described above that Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju was nominated as
candidate for NA-117 Kahror Pacca at the platform of IJI while Rana Mumtaz Ahmad
Noon was the candidate of PPP. Both were the possessor of vital significance.
“Although other candidates were also participating from this
constituency yet these two were effectual politicians of the region
and had strong political background. Siddique Khan Kanju had very
close relation with Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif. Both candidates
of opposite political parties tried their best to win the election. They
held many processions and meetings on different spots of the
region”247
.
They visited entire constituency and convinced the voters to support. Political
contrivance was on swings. The situation was critical. No one can claim clearly and make
247
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000)
110
final decision about the success of anyone of them. At last the campaign lasted for a
month and remained generally peaceful.
3. OVER ALL PARTY POSITION IN ELECTION 1988:
Pakistan General elections of 1988 were held on November 16, 1988 to elect 207
members of National Assembly.
“The Pakistan Peoples Party led by Benazir Bhutto ousted and
disintegrated the technocratic and military government of General
Zia-ul-Haq with the parliamentary majority of 94 seats and Benazir
became Pakistan's and Muslim world's first female head of state.
Parties position and results about the seats of National Assembly is
given below.”248
Party Votes Percentage Seats
Pakistan People‘s Party 7,546,561 38.5% 94
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad 5,908,741 30.2% 56
Pakistan Awami Ittehad 848,119 4.2% 3
Awami National Party 409,555 2.1% 2
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Fazl-ur-Rehman) 360,526 1.8 7
Pakistan National Party 104,442 0.5% 0
National Peoples Party (Khar) 97,363 0.5% 1
Pakistan Democratic Party 80,743 0.4% 1
Balochistan National Alliance 59,248 0.3% 2
Pakistan Muslim League (MQ) 55,052 0.3% 0
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Darkhasti) 44,964 0.2% 1
15 other parties 51,656 0.3 0
Independents 3,829,705 19.5 40
Total 19,904,440 100 207
248
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1988
111
"On top of all that, Benazir could not secure a sufficient number of
seats in the elections to make a huge difference. Out of total 207
seats PPP managed to win only 94 that made it largest party in
National Assembly with 38.52 percent of the total votes, cast in its
favour. Generally speaking, the voter turn-out in 1988 elections
remained low down to 40 percent as compared to 63 percent in 1970,
55 percent in 1977 and 52 percent in 1985."249
Benazir Bhutto became the eleventh Prime minister, and Sharif took the office of
Leader of Opposition in 1988. Results for the election were broadcast live on the PTV
and presented by Mumtaz Hamid Rao, Tariq Aziz, Hamid Mir and Dr. Anita Raja.
4. PARTY POSITION IN KAHROR PACCA:
Party position in Kahror Pacca was quite different than over all the country.
Despite getting majority of seats of Pakistan Peoples Party, its candidate in Kahror Pacca
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon defeated by Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju of IJI.
“Results of NA-117 Kahror Pacca are given as under”.250
Name Party Votes
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju IJI 50406
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon PPP 49989
Mr. Mohammad Zahoor Alam PAI 4534
During these elections, in National Constituency No. 117 of Kahror Pacca total
number of registered votes was 249808. 105872 votes of the total were casted from
which 943 votes were rejected. Thus turn out was 42.38%.
According to the results of Election Commission of Pakistan Khan Mohammad
Siddique Khan Kanju of IJI won the election by 417 votes.
249
Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History (London, 2005), 294-295 250
Http://www.eco.gov.pk
112
"Here an interesting thing was observed that according to non
official results Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon was declared as winning
candidate but later on, Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju was
succeeded as a result of official results."251
Similarly, the situation of Punjab Provincial Assembly results was not varying
from thr results of National Assembly. Although in these days Kahror Pacca has two
constituencies of Punjab Provincial Assembly i.e. PP-208 and 209 yet till 1999 there was
only one provincial constituency PP-173.
“According to the announcement of Election Commission of
Pakistan, the results of Punjab Provincial Constituency No. 173 are
as under”.252
Name Party Votes
Mr. Amanullah Khan. IND 89
Mr. Ashiq Hussain Khan. IND 1734
Qari Mohammad Abdur Rehman. JUI (D) 88
Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju. PPP 21723
Mr. Mohammad Zahoor Alam. PAI 1086
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan. IJI 24384
In Punjab Provincial Constitueny No. 173 of Kahror Pacca total number of
registered votes was 120367, of which 49553 were casted. From which 449 votes were
rebuffed so percentage of casting votes remained 41.17%.
The excitement of the regional peoples and political workers of IJI was visible
because their candidates Mohamamd Siddique Khan Kanju and Malik Sajjad Hussain
Khan Joiya had won the election of MNA and MPA respectively.
251
Anjum Mahmood, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013) 252
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 128
113
As I mentioned that Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif nominated Mohammad
Siddique Khan Kanju for the seats of Member National Assembly Constituency No. 117
because Siddique Khan Kanju had very close relation with Mian Mohammad Nawaz
Sharif. Besides this he had a huge vote bank in the entire district Lodhran. This selection
of Nawaz Sharif proved right because due to Kanju-Joiya alliance, IJI had obtained a
victory. At that time when PPP had not only majority of seats in national assembly but
also had making Government in center, at that time to defeat the candidates of PPP in
Kahror Pacca was really a great achievement.
"In Kahror Pacca victory of IJI was only possible due to Kanju-Joiya
Alliance because both families have strong roots in the field of
regional politics."253
The Pakistan Peoples Party led by Benazir Bhutto won a plurality of seats in the
1988 election and Benazir Bhutto became Prime Minister. However by 1990 there was
dissatisfaction over rising anarchy, allegations of corruption and the failure of the
government to complete the promises it had made during the 1988 campaign.
The conflict between the President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and the Prime Minister
Benazir Bhutto had its drop scene on August 6, 1990, when the President broke the
National Assembly and Benazir Bhutto was dismissed from power.
"Finally on August 6, 1990 the twenty month honeymoon between the
PPP government and the establishment was all but over. President
Ishaq Khan administered the last rites at the Aiwan-e-Sadr at 5 pm.
The Empire- which allowed the PPP to take office following polls in
November 1988 has finally decided to strike back.”254
253
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000) 254
Zafar Abbas, "The Empire Strikes Back" The Herald (Karachi, 1990)
114
PAKISTAN GENERAL ELECTION, 1990
1. BACKGROUND:
On August 6, 1990, the dissolution of the National Assembly was soon followed
by the termination of the Provincial Assemblies.
"Shortly afterwards Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi took oath as care-taker
Prime Minister. Thus his long standing goal was fulfilled. At the
same time, four ministers Ghulam Mustafa Khar, Rafi Raza, Sartaj
Aziz and Illahi Bux Soomoro were sworn too."255
In Sindh, Governor Fakharudin G. Ebrahim refused to dissolve the Provincial
Assembly so he was replaced with Mahmoud A. Haroon who signed the dissolution
orders. Jam Sadiq Ali undertook the office of a Chief Minister.
Amir Gulistan Janjua sent Aftab Sherpao government and Mir Afzal Khan took
over as the care-taker Chief Minister of the province. In Balochistan Mir Hummayun
Khan Marri became the new Chief Minister after dissolution the Balochistan Assembly
on the advice of the Governor Gen. (retired) Musa Khan.
"In Punjab „a more dignified and, perhaps cosmetic exit was
facilitated. Nawaz Sharif was not sacked, instead he was given time
to advise dissolution to Mian Muhammad Azhar, the newly appointed
Governor."256
Ghulam Haider Wyne, a close associate of Mian Nawaz Sharif was put in charge
of the Punjab as Chief Minister.
255
Tahir Kamran, Democracy and Governance in Pakistan (Lahore, 2008), 147 256
Zafar Abbas, "The Empire Strikes Back" The Herald (Karachi, 1990)
115
“Chief Minister Ghulam Haider Waeen appointed Mohammad
Siddique Khan Kanju as Provincial Minister for Exise and Taxation
in his cabinet”.257
2. ELECTION CAMPAIGN IN KAHROR PACCA:
Fresh elections were scheduled on October 24, 1990. The PPP ran in the election
in an alliance with 3 smaller parties as the People's Democratic Alliance. By the start of
the movement reports suggested that Bhutto and the PDA were in a stronger position as
the caretaker government failed to create sufficient proof to prove any charges against
her. At the end of the campaign Bhutto led hundreds of thousands of supporters in a
procession in Lahore, while Sharif held a rally for about ten thousand nearby.
The Pakistan General elections 1990 took place on 24th
of October 1990 to elect
207, and resulted in shock conquest of Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA), a huge
traditional front led under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif. The Pakistan Peoples Party
boycotted the elections after being dismissed by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan. The IDA
struggled for the Prime minister secretariat and originally campaign on privatization and
national conservative polices. Even though the Pakistan Peoples Party boycotted the
elections, Benazir Bhutto and her Peoples Party's members fought in election in three
different small groups.
"All these suspicions not withstanding, the elections demonstrated
very clearly that Punjab was no longer the bastion of the People‟s
Party. The Peoples Democratic Alliance of which PPP was the
mainstay could secure 44 seats in the National Assembly as against
106 seats of IJI out of a total of 207 seats."258
An enormous election compaign was also started in Kahror Pacca. In these
elections, Kahror Pacca was also the possessor of political significance because IJI had
replaced Siddique Khan Kanju with Nawab Hayat Ullah Khan Tareen in NA-117. IJI had
257
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000) 258
Saeed Shafqat, Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: From Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to Benazir Bhutto (Lahore, 1997), 235
116
provided a ticket to Siddique Khan Kanji from NA-118 Lodhran. The reason is that
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig of Kahror Pacca who was a competent candidate of PDA
was fighting the election from Lodhran constituency.
"This competition had created the situation of do or die. It was the
need of time to select such candidate of IJI who has a strong political
background. Siddique Khan Kanju had to succeed on this standard
and had central significance in the eyes of party leadership. From
NA-117 Kahror Pacca, although Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon was not
much popular yet he was also a powerful candidate of PDA."259
The purpose of IJI to nominate Nawab Hayat Ullah Khan was that Kahror Pacca
was the centre of PML, and thus any ordinary candidate also could defeat like the
candidate of PDA Mumtaz Ahmad Noon. Before elections, political compaign was
noticeable in Kahror Pacca. In these elections, Jaladiwahin, Bahawalgarh, Shahpur,
Massa Kotha, Noqabil Wah, Mari Bhago and Rind Jada etc were political axis of Kahror
Pacca. Landlords of these villages had pomp and show in their localities. In Kahror Pacca
not only politicians but also political parties had no strong grip in the field of politics.
Political field had to decorate on the basis of local grouping. During these elections, the
process of political contrivance was continued.
"On the whole, Pakistan Muslim League and Pakistan People's Party
had weakened their position. That is why; they were participating in
General Election 1990 with the name of IJI and PDA instead of their
original identification. Due to these critical circumstances the
peoples of Lodhran, Kahror Pacca and Dunyapur were also in the
situation of uncertainity for supporting the candidates of PPP."260
For general elections 1990, Hayat Ullah Khan Tareen, Rana Mumtaz Ahmad
Noon and Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi were nominated by IJI, PDA and JUI respectively
259
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998) 260
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000)
117
from NA-117 Kahror Pacca while Sardar Mohammad Khan Joiya participated as
independent candidate.
"It is also worth mentioning that Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju,
Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi and Taj Mohammad Langah of Kahror Pacca
were fighting these elections from National Assembly Constituency
No. 118 Lodhran. This was Kanju's first election from NA-118
because Nawab Hayat Ullah Khan Tareen of Dunyapur was strong
candidate of IJI in NA-117."261
Similarly, candidates for Punjab Provincial Assembly Constituency No. 173 Kahror
Pacca were Mr. Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju (JUI-F), Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan
(IJI), Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya (PDA), Rao Mohammad Tasleem (IND), Mr. Allah
Bachaya (IND) and Mian Haji Abdul Rahim Baryar (IND). Nawab Aman Ullah Khan of
Kahror Pacca was also participating in these elections from Punjab Provincial
Constituency Lodhran. Another observable thing came to know that Mohammad Akram
Khan Kanju who was the candidate of PPP in last elections had changed his authenticity
and now he was the candidate of JUI (F).
“Although effective politicians of Kahror Pacca were participating
in these elections yet major competition was between the candidates
of IJI and PDA. Cadidates of these groups had strong political
background. All candidates were trying their best to win the
election. They held many procession and meetings on different spots
of the region”262
.
All these candidates visited whole constituency and convinced the voters to
support. Political activities and plot was on climax. The situation was critical like past.
Any person could not claim clearly about the success of any specific candidate. Election
campaign continued for several days. During election expedition, there was fully peace
and calm in the region.
261
Liaquat Ali Mughal, "Kahror Pacca: Siasat Aur Qiadat K Tanazar Main" , Version Times, ( 2002): 06 262
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000)
118
3. OVER ALL PARTY POSITION:
"Over all party position is given as under."263
Parties Votes Percentile Seats
Islami Jamhori Ittehad 7,908,513 37.4% 106
People‘s Democratic Alliance 7,795,218 36.8% 44
Haq Parast (MQM) 1,172,525 5.5% 15
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam 622,214 2.9% 6
Awami National Party 356,160 1.7% 6
Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan (Noorani) 310,953 1.5% 3
Pakistan Awami Tehrik 237,492 1.1% 0
Jamhoori Wattan Party 129,431 0.6% 2
Pakistan National Party 127,287 0.6% 2
Pakhtun-Khwa Milli Awami Party 73,635 0.3% 1
Sindh National Front 51,990 0.2% 0
Pakistan Democratic Party 51,645 0.2% 0
Balochistan National Movement 51,297 0.2% 0
Sindh National Alliance (Hamid Jatoi) 31,125 0.1% 0
13 other parties 64,470 0.3% 0
Independents 2,179,956 10.3% 22
Total 21,395,479 100 207
Voter turnout was 45.5%. The IJI won the 1990 election by getting 106 seats while PDA
obtained 44 seats.
4. PARTY POSITION IN KAHROR PACCA:
Party position in Kahror Pacca and District Lodhran was quite same like as a
whole results of the country.
263
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1990
119
“Results of NA-117 Kahror Pacca are given as under”.264
Name Party Votes
Nawab Hayat Ullah Khan Tareen IJI 64567
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon PDA 56382
Mr. Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi JUI 4639
Sardar Mohammad Khan Joiya IND 647
In National Constituency No. 117 Kahror Pacca, total number of registered votes
was 249974. 127404 votes were casted while 1169 votes were rejected. Thus turn out was
50.97%.
According to the results of Election Commission of Pakistan Nawab Hayat Ullah
Khan Tareen won the election by 8185 votes. Similarly from NA-118 Lodhran,
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju defeated Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig by 20396
votes. Thus IJI captured both seats of NA constituencies of Lodhran District. The
situation of Punjab Provincial Assembly's results was not different from thr results of
National Assembly.
“According to the announcement of Election Commission of
Pakistan, the results of Punjab Provincial Constituency No. 173 are
as under”.265
Name Party Votes
Khan Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju. JUI (F) 5324
Rao Mohammad Tasleem. IND 7378
Mr. Allah Bachaya. IND 182
Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya. PDA 13291
Mian Haji Abdul Rahim Baryar. IND 83
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan. IJI 30460
264
Http://www.eco.gov.pk 265
Ibid.
120
In this Provincial Constitueny of Kahror Pacca total number of registered votes
was 120398. In which 57116 votes were casted and 398 votes were rebuffed. Thus total
turn out of casting votes was 47.44%.
Once again peoples and political workers of IJI were seemed too happy because
their candidates Nawab Hayat Ullah Khan Tareen, Mohamamd Siddique Khan Kanju and
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya had got victory. After getting majority of seats in NA
and PP constituencies of Kahror Pacca and Lodhran, it was expected that elected
candidates shall work for public welfare but results were opposite.
"On November 6, 1990, Nawaz Sharif took oath as Prime Minsiter of
Pakistan. He is the 13th
elected Prime Minister of Pakistan. Almost
one thousand guests, Altaf Hussain and other politicians participated
in oath ceremony. Benazir Bhutto and any member of PDA did not
join this ceremony. National Assembly elected Nawaz Sharif as PM
and leader of the house by 153 votes. Besides this, 18 ministers and
two advisors also took oath."266
In the general elections of 1990, Kanju was for the third time elected Member of
National Assembly from Lodhran. This time he joined in Nawaz Sharif cabinet and
became Minister of State for Foreign Affairs.
But in early 1993, Nawaz Sharif attempted to less President's power to dismiss the
Prime Minister, National and Provincial Assemblies. However in April 1993, Ghulam
Ishaq Khan sent away Sharif for corruption and called elections for the 14th
of July after
dissolving the National Assembly. Sharif at once appealed to the Supreme Court.
"Supreme Court full bench presided over by the Chief Justice Nasim
Hassan Shah gave its verdict against the establishment. The Supreme
Court “historically reversed the trend of the courts siding with
executive authority by declaring in a 10-1 verdict that the dissolution
266
Khan Zafar Afghani, Tassub -Tashadud Aur Tazad (Lahore, 1997), 487
121
was „not within the ambit of powers conferred‟ on the President by
the constitution.” 267
After that Ishaq Khan and Nawaz Sharif continued battle for control for the next
two months. They both struggled to safe control over the assemblies and specially
Punjab. In Punjab a theatrical kidnapping of 130 members of the Punjab Assembly to the
capital was seen to ensure they stayed faithful to Nawaz Sharif. In the meantime, the
leader of opposition party Benazir Bhutto threatened to guide a march on Islamabad
unless new elections were called.
Lastly on July 18, 1993 to resolvet the power struggle, Army stressed Nawaz
Sharif and Ishaq Khan to resign from their posts. Thus all National and Provincial
Assemblies were dissolved.
PAKISTAN GENERAL ELECTION 1993
1. BACKGROUND:
As I described in last chapter that Pakistan Muslim League (N) won the 1990
election and the party's leader, Nawaz Sharif became Prime Minister. In early 1993 he
tried to band the President of the power to dismiss the Prime Minister, National
Assembly and Provincial Assemblies. However in April 1993, President Ishaq Khan
dismissed Nawaz Sharif's Government for corruption.
"Regarding the size of the Cabinet, „It was compared with the Qissa
Khawani Bazar at peak business, with its ministers remembered as
wheeler dealers, smugglers of drugs and arms, and a variety of
sycophants, agents, “Saints and Sinners” led by an acting Prime
Minister, “every inch an elegant hair dresser."268
After that Ishaq Khan and Nawaz Sharif continued battle for control for the next
two months. They both struggled to safe control over the assemblies and specially
267
Ian Talbot, Pakistan: A Modern History (London, 2005), 328 268
Mohammad Waseem, The 1993 Election in Pakistan (Lahore, 1994), 47
122
Punjab. In Punjab a theatrical kidnapping of 130 members of the Punjab Assembly to the
capital was seen to ensure they stayed faithful to Nawaz Sharif. In the meantime, the
leader of opposition party Benazir Bhutto threatened to guide a march on Islamabad
unless new elections were called.
Lastly on July 18, 1993, Pak Army has to involve resolving the issue of power
struggle.
"As a consequence the deal brokered by General Waheed Kakar
made both Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Nawaz Sharif quit from the
respective offices, making a way for World Bank/IMF sponsored
„financial wizards‟ Moin Qureshi to step in, ostensibly to put
Pakistan‟s beleaguered economy on the right track. The blue eyed
boy of the establishment and the ideologue of right wing politics of
extreme opportunism Mr. Waseem Sajjad became the President."269
After the dismissal of Nawaz's Government, it was announced that Elections for
the National Assembly were held on 6th
of October while date for provincial assemblies
was 8th
of October.
2. CAMPAIGN AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES IN KAHROR PACCA:
The caretaker government cut expenditure, set up a tax on rich landlords and
measured against corruption and drug holders. They were admired for steadying the
country while the campaign took place but their policies were condemned by the two
main political leaders, Sharif and Bhutto.
Total number of candidates who stood in the election was 1485 but the major
wrestling was between the PML-N and the PPP. Both parties started public connection
expedition in the whole country. Their policies were extremely alike but saw a clash of
personalities with both parties making many promises but not clearing how they were
going to pay for them. Sharif placed on his documentation of privitisations and growth
269
Tahir Kamran, Democracy and Governance in Pakistan (Lahore, 2008), 153
123
projects and pledged to return his taxi bargain program. Bhutto promised price supports
for agriculture, a partnership between government and business and campaigned
powerfully for the female vote.
Like other parts of the country, politicians of Kahror Pacca were visiting entire
constituency. In 1993 elections, Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju, Khurshid Ahmad
Khan Kanju and Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon were participating from PML-N, PIF and
PPP respectively from National Assembly Constituency No. 117 Kahror Pacca. This
time, there was not a single candidate from any other party or independent.
"PML-N had droped Nawab Hayat Ullah Khan and Siddique Khan
Kanju was nominated in place of him from Kahror Pacca. PML-N
had provided a ticket to Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi from NA-118 Lodhran
against of Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig of Kahror Pacca who was a
permanent candidate of PPP."270
Similarly from Kahror Pacca constituency PP-173 Lodhran III, there were also
following three candidates.
Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya (PML-N)
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya (PPP)
Nawab Mohammad Orangzeb Khan (PIF)
If we put a glimpse on above candidates of PP-173, then we shall have come to know
that an important change occured in this election. Both Sajjad and Aslam Joiya had
changed their faithfulness. But competition between them was very tough.
3. OVER ALL PARTY RESULTS:
General elections were held on October 6, 1993. Although the Pakistan Muslim
League (N) got the largest number of votes yet the Pakistan Peoples Party won the most
seats.
270
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998)
124
"After the National Assembly and Provincial Assembly polls
scheduled on 6 and 8 October respectively the interim set up
completed its tenure. PPP emerged the single largest party with 89
seats whereas Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz Group) secured 73
seats. Despite striking regional voting variations in the Punjab the
fact of Nawaz Sharif‟s increasing influence was again corroborated.
Overall party position is given as under"271
Parties Votes Percentage Seats
Pakistan Muslim League (N) 7,980,229 39.9 73
Pakistan Peoples Party 7,578,635 37.9 89
Pakistan Muslim League (J) 781,652 3.9 6
Pakistan Islamic Front 645,278 3.2 3
Islamic Democratic Alliance 480,099 2.4 4
Awami National Party 335,094 1.7 3
Mutehda Deeni Mahaz 216,937 1.1 2
Pakhtun-khwa Milli Awami Party 97,541 0.5 3
National Democratic Alliance 64,713 0.3 1
Jamhoori Wattan Party 54,607 0.3 2
Pakhtun-khwa Qaumi Party 54,144 0.3 1
National Peoples Party (Khar) 48,721 0.2 1
Balochistan National Movement (Hayee) 47,648 0.2 1
Balochistan National Movement (Mengal) 45,228 0.2 1
Other parties 107,979 0.5 1
Independents 1,482,033 7.4 16
TOTAL 20,293,307 100 207
271
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1993
125
After winning the support of small parties and independents the leader of the PPP,
Benazir Bhutto, was elected Prime Minister by the National Assembly. Voter turnout was
40.3%.
Opinion polls showed a very close election between the two main parties but there
was a lot of pessimism among voters. The army was attributed with making sure that the
election was fair and arranged 150,000 troops in polling stations to make sure this.
International viewers from 40 countries reported that no serious abnormality was seen.
4. PARTY POSITION IN KAHROR PACCA:
“Results of NA-117 Kahror Pacca are given as under”.272
Name Party Votes
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon PPP 77093
Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju PML-N 61237
Mohammad Khurshid Khan Kanju PIF 4612
In National Constituency No. 117 Kahror Pacca, total numbers of registered votes
were 273860. 144580 of total votes were casted from which 1638 were rejected. Thus
turn out was 52.79%.
According to the results of Election Commission of Pakistan Rana Mumtaz
Ahmad Noon of PPP won the election by 15856 votes. Similarly from NA-118 Lodhran,
Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi was defeated by Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig from 17592 votes.
Thus PML-N lost both seats of NA constituencies of Lodhran District. The party position
of Punjab Provincial Assembly's results was similar to the results of National Assembly.
“According to the announcement of Election Commission of
Pakistan, the results of Punjab Provincial Constituency No. 173 are
as under”.273
272
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 131-132 273
Http://www.eco.gov.pk
126
Name Party Votes
Nawab Mohammad Orangzeb Khan. PIF 1699
Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya. PML-N 24372
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan. PPP 37349
In this Provincial Constitueny of Kahror Pacca total number of registered votes
was 133670. In which 63844 votes were casted and 424 were rebuffed. Thus total turn
out of casting votes was 47.76%.
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya won the elections by 12977 while opponent
candidate of PML-N, Aslam Khan Joiya remained runner up by getting 24372 votes.
This time situation of public excitement was totally changed. Political workers of
PPP were looking so happy while political workers of PML-N were in sad codition
because their important candidate Mohamamd Siddique Khan Kanju had lost the
elections.
"Kanju's failure was due to extensive travel made as Minister of
State and absence from the constituency. After this, Kanju passed
most of his time in Kahror Pacca and Lodhran because remotness
from his public had resulted on his defeat".274
According to Ijaz Bhatti:
“From 1993 to 1996 Kanju spent most of his time in Lodhran. He
was again elected Member of National Assembly on Muslim League
ticket. Once again he became part of Muhammad Nawaz Sharif's
Cabinet, as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, and served in this
capacity until the Muslim League Government was dissolved by
the military coup of 1999”.275
274
Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, “Siddique Khan Kanju Siasat se Shahadat Tak,” Version Times, ( 2003): 06 275
Ibid.
127
After the results of election, it was expected that newly winning party PPP and its
first time elected candidate, (Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon) shall work for public welfare
of Kahror Pacca but he also disappointed the masses.
GENERAL ELECTION 1997
1. BACKGROUND:
The PPP won the largest number of seats in the 1993 election and Benazir Bhutto
became Prime Minister at the head of a coalition government and Farooq Ahmad Khan
Leghari elected as President of Pakistan. He came to the political limelight as a PPP
loyalist. After Benazir‘s dismissal in 1990, he acted as deputy opposition leader and then
he elected as President in November 1993.
"Many political analysts were led to believe that Benazir would
complete five years tenure when her close companion, the tested and
tried Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari had a last laugh in the 13
November Presidential election. Farooq Leghari trounced acting
President Waseem Sajjad by 274 to 269 votes."276
During the summer of 1996 Leghari's relationship with Prime Minister Benazir
Bhutto became bitter to the background of institutional fall down and an aggravation
economic situation. The situation worsened following her indirect attack on Leghari after
Mir Murtaza Bhutto‘s death. However on November 5, 1996, president dismissed the
government 2 years early for so-called dishonesty and mistreatment of power.
"The Prime Minister was nevertheless shocked when Leghari moved
to dismiss her government on 05 November 1996. The President
acted within his constitutional powers and promised that elections
would be held within the statutory ninety-day period. Leghari
appointed Meraj Khalid, one of the founding members of the PPP, as
276
Mohammad Waseem, The 1993 Election in Pakistan (Lahore, 1994), 203-204
128
care-taker Prime Minister. Despite some anxieties, the general
elections were duly held in February 1997."277
The allegations included financial misconduct, failing to stop police killings,
destroying judicial sovereignty and violating the constitution. A former speaker and
member of the PPP Miraj Khalid was appointed interim prime minister and new elections
called on the 3rd
of February 1997. Bhutto denied all the charges against her and
petitioned the Supreme Court to reverse her dismissal. However the court ruled in
January that there was sufficient evidence for the dismissal to be justified legally.
2. ELECTION CAMPAIGN IN KAHROR PACCA:
Expectations in the lead up to the election were that up to 90 people, possibly
including Bhutto and Sharif, might be prohibited from standing in the election due to the
caretaker governments campaign against corruption. However by the end of December
1996 the government was forced to admit that they were unable to find adequate proof to
act against leading politicians. As a result the election once again became chiefly a
contest between the PPP and the PML-N.
A vast election compaign was also started in Kahror Pacca. Before elections,
political activities were on swings. Both major parties were trying their best for upset to
one another.
"There were two main reasons behind this huge homework. One of
these was that, in previous elections Siddique Khan Kanju not only
had lost from this constituency but PPP also had swept cleanly in
whole district Lodhran. Second was that, for the first time a
candidate of new political party PTI was also in ground that is why
277
Tahir Kamran, Democracy and Governance in Pakistan (Lahore, 2008), 156
129
all political party had been running their political compaign on the
behalf of their motto and political agenda."278
Over 6,000 candidates stood in the election, with 1,758 standing for the National
Assembly and 4,426 for the four provincial assemblies. From NA-117, following
candidates were nominated by different political parties.
1. Rana Riaz Ahmad Noon (IND)
2. Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon (PPP)
3. Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan (PTI)
4. Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi (IND)
5. Ghulam Qasim Khan Khakwani (PML-N)
"The most important thing is that Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi was also
participating as candidate of MNA from NA-118 Lodhran. While for
the second time, Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju was nominated as
MNA from NA-118 instead of NA-117. This time Pakistan Muslim
League (N) nominated Ghulam Qasim Khakwani of Dunyapur as
candidate of MNA from National Constituency No. 117."279
On other hand, Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya (PML-N), Malik Sajjad Hussain
Khan Joiya (PPP), Sardar Khadim Hussain Rind (UNA) and Malik Mohammad Ijaz
Hussain Joiya were the candidates for PP-173. However there was little eagerness for the
fourth election in 8 years with polls showing only about 20% would vote. Calculations of
a challenge by a newly party, Pakistan Tahreek e Insaf founded by former cricketer Imran
Khan washed out as Khan attempted to ward off personal attacks.
Pakistan General Election of 1997 was held in Pakistan on February 3, 1997 to
elect the National Assembly of Pakistan and the four provincial assemblies. The election
278
Mian Sajjad Hussain, Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (January 20, 1998) 279
Ibid.
130
featured a fierce contest between ruling Pakistan People's Party government led its
current Prime minister Benazir Bhutto and PML(N) traditional leader Nawaz Sharif.
3. OVER ALL PARTY POSITION:
" A party which was always good enough for at least 40-odd seats in
the National Assembly, because of its consistent ability to poll over
35 percent of country‟s active electorate, was cut down to mere 18
NA seats against PML‟s 137."280
PML-N won a landslide victory, winning by the largest margin since the 1977.
"Overall party position is given as under."281
Parties Votes Percentage Seats
Pakistan Muslim League (N) 8,751,793 45.9 137
Pakistan Peoples Party 4,152,209 21.8 18
Haq Parast 764,207 4.0 12
Pakistan Muslim League (J) 624,286 3.3 0
Awami National Party 357,002 1.9 10
Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto) 377,228 2.0 1
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) 325,910 1.7 2
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf 314,820 1.7 0
Balochistan National Party 124,754 0.7 3
National Peoples Party (Khar) 85,121 0.4 1
Jamhoori Wattan Party 66,128 0.3 2
Muslim League (Qayyum) 37,723 0.2 0
30 other parties 88,429 0.5 0
Independents 1,482,033 7.4 21
Total 19,516,716 100 207
280
Aamer Ahmad Khan, "The Great Debacle," Herald, (March, 1997) 281
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1997
131
The Pakistan Muslim League-N of Nawaz Sharif won a landslide victory for the
first time in the history of Pakistan. Voter turnout was 36.0%.
4. PARTY POSITION IN KAHROR PACCA:
“According to ECP, Results of NA-117 Kahror Pacca are given as
under”.282
Name Party Votes
Rana Mumtaz Ahmad Noon PPP 47501
Ghulam Qasim Khakwani PML-N 72957
Rana Riaz Ahmad Noon IND 3429
Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan PTI 605
Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi IND 645
In National Constituency No. 117, total registered votes were 290216. 127414 of
total votes were casted in which 2277 were rejected. Thus turn out was 43.90%.
According to the results of Election Commission of Pakistan Rana Mumtaz
Ahmad Noon of PPP was defeated the election by 25456 votes from Ghulam Qasim
Khakwani of PML-N. Similarly from NA-118 Lodhran, Siddique Khan Kanju defeated
Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig from 44051 votes. Thus PPP misplaced both seats of NA
constituencies of Lodhran District. Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi got 645 and 548 as independent
candidate from NA-117 and 118 respectively. The party position of Punjab Provincial
Assembly's results was similar to the results of National Assembly.
“According to the announcement of Election Commission of
Pakistan, the results of Punjab Provincial Constituency No. 173 are
as under”.283
282
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 133-134 283
Ibid., 128
132
Name Party Votes
Sardar Khadim Hussain Rind. UNA 359
Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya. PML-N 33887
Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya. PPP 24839
Malik Mohammad Ijaz Hussain Joiya IND 992
In this PP-Constitueny total number of registered votes was 139842. 61030 votes
were casted in which 953 were cancled. Thus total turn out of casting votes was 43.64%.
For the first time, Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya failed while Mohammad
Aslam Khan Joiya succeeded. Malik Aslam Khan Joiya got victory by securing 33887
votes. Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan Joiya lost the elections by 9048 votes and thus he
remained runner up candidate by getting 24839 votes.
Once again peoples and political workers of PML-N were looked too happy
because their candidates Ghulam Qasim Khakwani, Mohamamd Siddique Khan Kanju
and Malik Mohammad Aslam Khan Joiya had secured their victory. All elected
candidates visited the city of Kahror Pacca and thanked the people for their co-operation.
Nawaz Sharif was sworn in as Prime Minister on February 17, 1997.
"Now that Nawaz Sharif was the most powerful Prime Minister since
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, he could pick up a fight with the President and
he did that. Consequently President Leghari had to tender his
resignation on 2nd
of December 1997. Nawaz Sharif was triumphed.
When Rafiq Tarar, a friend of his father Mian Sharif took over as the
President, Nawaz Sharif‟s position seemed to have become
unassailable."284
During his rule, Nawaz Sharif made Siddique Khan Kanju a part of his cabinet.
“In 1997, Kanju again elected as Member of National Assembly on
Muslim League's ticket. Once again he became part of Muhammad
284
Tahir Kamran, Democracy and Governance in Pakistan (Lahore, 2008), 165
133
Nawaz Sharif's Cabinet, as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs,
and served in this capacity until the Muslim League Government
was dissolved by the military coup of 1999”.285
285
Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, “Siddique Khan Kanju Siasat se Shahadat Tak,” Version Times, ( 2003): 05
134
CHAPTER NO: 4
ROLE OF ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES OF KAHROR PACCA
1. BACKGROUND:
Kahror Pacca is not only a city but also enumerates in one of the biggest cities of
ancient Multan. Before partition, when Lodhran was only a Tehsil of District Multan and
Kahror Pacca was a town of Tehsil Lodhran, the Gillani family had a great political
influence in this region. A big landlord Malik Mohammad Nawaz Khan Joiya was a
strong opponent of Gillani family. But after partition, the political history of District
Lodhran totally changed.
Before critical analysis about political features of Kahror Pacca, it is necessary to
understand the political and administrative situation of Kahror Pacca, because these fields
have great effect on politics of Kahror Pacca.
"Kahror Pakka is a town and Tehsil headquarters in Lodhran
District. In 1870, establishment of Municipal Committee came to
existence which was given the status of Town Committee under the
small town act 1821. According to the Notification No. 12360 Dated.
22-04-1924, it was consisted of four wards. "286
In 1952, it was given the status of second class Municipal Committee and under
Municipal Ordinance Act 1960; its Municipalty status was restored as usual. During
Ayub's regime, Lodhran was given the status of Sub-division in 1963 and Sardar
Mohammad Ajmal Khan took oath as first chairman of Kahror Municipalty.
"According to Ayub's B.D system, four union councils were
formulated in Kahror Pacca and Sheikh Habib ur Rahman, Brig.
Sayd Ali Shah, Ghulam Sarwar Khan Lodhi and Manzoor Ahmad
Jabla Qureshi were appointed their chairmen."287
286
Mohammad Taqi Shameem, Tareekh Lodhran (Lodhran, 1993), 213 287
Ibid.
135
In Z.A. Bhutto's regime, B.D elections did not hold and thus administrators were
appointed during his regime. In the period of President Zia ul Haq, B.D elections were
held in September 1979 on adult frenchie basis.
"As a result of these elections, sixteen members were elected from
sixteen wards of Kahror Pacca. Mian Manzoor Ahmad Jabla Qureshi
and Allah Diwaya Dakhna were elected as Chairman and Vice
Chairman respectively."288
Till 1988, total number of wards in Kahror Pacca was nineteen. There was one
National Constituency No.117 and one Provincial Constituency No.173 in Kahror Pacca
till elections of 1997. But after military coup in 1999, Pervaiz Musharraf announced to
hold General Elections in 2002. Before elections, new arrangements of constituency were
made. As a result of this arrangement Kahror Pacca is consisted of one National
Constituency 155 and two Provincial Constituencies 208 and 209.
Besides this, Kahror Pacca is also consisted of large number of villages. The size
of towns and nearby villages does not enjoy measureable basic civic facilities. Schools,
hospitals and public gardens are only symbolic. Politically the town has been kept
backward by the political elite to maintain their feudal dominance.
Kahror Pacca has leading status in entire District. From past to till now, people of
Kahror Pacca have ruled over the politics of Kahror Pacca. There are three Tehsils of
District Lodhran in which Kahror Pacca is the most ancient.
"Usually political elite of Lodhran District hails from Kahror Pakka
from the early times to this day. The District Lodhran abounds with
Kanju Family who has effective control in the district. Kanju Family
has a huge vote bank in Kahror Pacca as well as District Lodhran.
The city otherwise is also famous for engineers and doctors."289
In elections 1988, Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif nominated Mohammad
Siddique Khan Kanju for the seats of Member National Assembly from Constituency No.
288
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 87-88 289
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000)
136
117 because Siddique Khan Kanju had very close relation with Mian Mohammad Nawaz
Sharif. Besides this he had a huge vote bank in entire district (Lodhran). This selection of
Nawaz Sharif proved right because due to Kanju-Joiya alliance, IJI had obtained a
victory. At that time when PPP had not only majority of seats in national assembly but
also was making Government in center, it was really a great achievement to defeat the
candidates of PPP. In Kahror Pacca, victory of IJI was only possible due to Kanju-Joiya
Alliance because both families have strong roots in the field of regional politics.
2. ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES OF KAHROR AND ITS PROBLEMS:
"It is said that the nation who will fortify its regional history, whence
it will be able to provide the substances of its eternity. But
unfortunately we have not been successful at nation-building because
we failed miserably at state-building."290
A desperate people cannot be made into a solid and cohesive community if the
governments which apparently represent their interests are themselves riddled with
contradictions and ill intentions.
We know that politics is a main pillar of any state because political parties and
leadership run the Government and economy of the country. They make educational,
agricultural, industrial, health, labour and institutional policies.
In our country, landlords and feudal are the examples of dictatorship because they
are occupying the political system of Pakistan. Consequently, in nearly 65 years of our
existence we could not create a Pakistani nation. Our rulers are as much responsible for
the suppression and distortion of the political process as for the loss of that sense of
belonging essential for the survival of a country. They divided the community. People no
longer belong to Pakistan but to a Biradari or Tribes. Their loyalty is to some religious
sect and they think only in terms of themselves and their families.
Same is the case with Kahror Pacca because some feudal families such as Kanju,
Joiya and Noon have been setting up their political farming. They have never interested
290
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Aina-e-Kahror (Multan, 1970), 03
137
in improving the miserable condition of Kahror Pacca. Now we discuss about following
different fields which have innermost significance in the history of Kahror Pacca.
2.1. DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMS IN KAHROR PACCA:
Developmental works are the part of fundamental rights of the citizens because they
pay taxes to the Government so that they could be facilitated. But unfortunately, the
development of Kahror Pacca is not being the chapter of politicians. Elected
representatives always gave preference their personal interests than region and public.
According to Gilani:
"In 1986, Chief Minister Punjab, Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif
came to Lodhran for inaugurating a road from Kahror Pacca to
Mailsi on the invition of Malik Shah Mohammad Joiya. Shah
Mohammad Joiya invited me in this ceremony. I reached Lodhran
and met Mian Sahib in Rest House. We have to go together for this
inauguration. According to the protocol, I had to sit in CM car but
Mian Sahib said to Siddique Kanju and Shah Mahmood to sit with
him. So I went to inauguration place in my car but the inauguration
ceremony had ended before I came."291
Similarly, every developmental work had done according to the desire of politicians
and remarkable peoples.
“From 1985 to 1990, all the roads were constructed on the behalf of
politician‟s interests not public. Several Kilometers roads were
made only for this purpose that these could attach the politician‟s
residences and dwellings with main roads. On the other hand,
several villages which were consisting of one or two thousand
inhabitants and 150 houses were deprived from mettled roads”.292
291
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 100 292
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 21, 2013)
138
Immature roads excluded from basic facilities had become their fate. These
villages had no full-fledged roads for transportation. The most mentionable thing is that
roads which were constructed only for effectively peoples, there was no population at
both sides of it.
"A huge grant had been spent to facilitate such peculiar person who
had close relation with elected representatives. The Government had
not issued any grant for prosperity and welfare of the masses but
released only for specific persons on the recommendation of MNA
and MPA."293
Similarly, in these days electricity is the basic need of every person because all
the works of every day life are bound in gratitude of electricity. Any little work cannot be
done without electricity. Before Parvez Musharraf population of Kahror Pacca was
approximately more than 350000. According to the census 1997-98, total population of
Kahror Pacca was 240743 and it was consisted of 101 villages and chaks. Till 1999 there
was only one grid station of 66 KV capacities for entire Tehsil which was not sufficient
to provide electricity for the inhabitants of Kahror Pacca.
“Our elected delegates never tried their best to upgrade this grid
station. To upgrade this power house, Government approved a huge
amount for two times due to the efforts of Sub-Division Authority but
due to the negligence and incapability of elected elite, this grant was
not only lapsed but transferred to Khanewal and Mian Channon”.294
Although in Musharrif Governmnet, this power house has upgraded from 66 to
132 KV with the struggle of department authority yet our political leaders did not take
any kind of pain to facilitate the inhabitants of Kahror Pacca.
“The most observable thing is that a grand amount was spent to
provide electricity to the house of effectual elite. For this power line
293
Liaquat Ali Mughal, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 23, 2013) 294
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013)
139
and transformer, only one house was enjoying benefit while a big
population of its suburbs was sinking in the valley of darkness”.295
Till 1999, a large number of villages of Kahror Pacca were not furnished with
electricity. Due to the senselessness and absurdity of politicians, peoples were compelled
to pass their lives without electricity. But for some extant, many villages of Kahror Pacca
were provided electricity in Musharrif‘s regime. Due to this critical situation of Kahror
Pacca and its dwellers, I can clearly claim that our politicians have always crushed the
interests of natives under their feet.
2.2. MISERABLE CONDITION OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT:
Education is the fundamental right of every citizen of the state. It is observable thing
that those countries are called developed countries whose literacy rate is very high,
because literate peoples play a vital role in the development of their country and nation.
Those countries and nations prey to decline whose system of education is very low and
poor. But tragedy is that elected representatives of Kahror Pacca did not pay much
attention on education.
"According to report of education department, there were 7 boys and
1 girls High Schools, 3 boys and 2 girls Middle Schools while 70
boys and 29 girls Primary Schools in Kahror Pacca in 1985."296
It means that total number of educational institutions was 112. Similarly, another
researcher describes:
"There are 199 schools, 1 college, 1 hopital, 3 police stations, 1
railway station and 16 post offices in Kahror Pakka Tehsil."297
But Shaheen Kahrori wtites in his book that:
295
Liaquat Ali Mughal, "Kahror Pacca: Siasat Aur Qiadat K Tanazar Main" , Version Times, ( 2002): 06 296
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 148 297
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodhran_District#Infrastructure
140
"Till 2000, number of various kinds of educational institutes in
Kahror Pacca was as under.”298
Institutions Total No.
in Distt.
Lodhran Kahror Pacca Dunya Pur
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Colleges 05 01 01 01 X 01 01
Com. Colleges 01 01 X X X X X
H. Sec. Schools 05 01 X X 01 01 02
High Schools 59 17 03 10 02 21 06
Middle Schools 62 13 15 02 08 02 22
Primary Schools 727 119 159 70 108 124 147
Maktab Schools 103 41 X 26 X 36 X
Vocat. Isntitute 01 X 01 X X X X
Comnty M. Schools 09 X 05 X 01 X 03
TOTAL 972 193 184 109 120 185 181
G. TOTAL 972 377 229 366
Above table shows that in 2000, number of Primary, Middle and High Schools as
well as colleges was 109 boys and 120 girls. Thus total number of school and colleges
was 229.
It means that only 117 schools were increased during the period of 15 years. This
ratio is considered very alarming in other developed countries. If we observed the above
table then we shall have come to know that Kahror Pacca is far behind from others two
Tehsils of Lodhran in every category of educational institutions. Yousaf Gilani narrates:
"I told Mian Nawaz Sharif that I have approved a specific grant for
Girls College Lodhran from Prime Minsiter so you announced for its
execution only. CM admitted all demands of Kanju but did not
announce for the execution of college. At this behavior public became
298
Shaheen Kahrori, The History of District Lodhran (Kahror Pacca, 2000), 201
141
angry but later on I was informed that Siddique Khan Kanju has
inaugurated this college which had built with my approval."299
It is clear that Kanju had not wanted to establish any kind of educationl institution
in Distirct Lodhran or may be, he wants to take this credit himself. I do not know that
what reason was behind it but I can clearly claim that he had not liked those people who
used to work for the betterment of Kahror Pacca and District Lodhran. The question is
that why Kahror Pacca is so backward in educational system despite the possessor of
historical significance?
"Our politicians and landlords are education-antagonist because
voters of Kahror Pacca use their votes on personal basis not
idealogical. This personal vote could be abolished only by education.
But we shall have to wait for 15 to 20 years more for this change."300
Our politicians and landlords always resisted in educational sector so that new
generation of their tenants could not get freedom from their influence after getting
education. For example, in these days, there are 23 union councils in Tehsil Kahror Pacca
from which Alipur Kanju is one.
“Alipur Kanju is the most important Union Council of Kahror
Pacca. This is not only the native town of Kanju family but it was
also populated by legator of Kanju family. Alipur Kanju is one of
those union councils in which there is not a single Middle and High
School for boys and girls. It has quite deprived from big educational
institutes from early days to till now”.301
It is admitted fact that Kahror Pacca is not only a historical city but also the land of
political personalities who are prevailing on the politics of whole district. If we studied
the political history of Alipur Kanju then we shall have come to know that Amin Khan
Kanju has elected member of Legislative Assembly in 1951 on the platform of Muslim
299
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 101 300
Liaquat Ali Mughal, "Kahror Pacca: Siasat Aur Qiadat K Tanazar Main" , Version Times, ( 2002): 06 301
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013)
142
League. His son Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju has elected four times member of
National and Provincial Assemblies. He also remained Minister of State for Foreign
Affairs for two times and provincial minister in caretaker governments of Mian
Mohammad Nawaz Sharif and Ghulam Haider Waieen‘s cabinet.
“In the 1977 general elections, he ran for the Provisional Assembly
seat, but the elections were postponed. Again in 1985 he became
Member of the National Assembly on non-party elections and served
as a Parliamentary Secretary for Agriculture. The government was
dissolved in 1988 by General Zia and he was appointed as a
caretaker Education Minister.”302
His brother-in-law, Mohammad Akhtar Khan Kanju has become two times elected
MNA, while his son Abdur Rahman Khan Kanju remained District Nazim twice.
Similarly, Mohammad Akram Khan Kanju is not only the candidate of PPP but also
MPA of Provincial Constituency No. 208. But tragedy is that all above mentioned
politicians did not pay any kind of attention in the field of education. All these politicians
and elected representatives did not take a little pain to provide educational facilities to the
peoples of their native village. All of them remained unfortunate from educational
decline and misery of their union council apart from whole constituency, city and district.
Although our educational system has badly failed due to the politician‘s selfishness yet
some politicians of the country have pain of masses and scholarly mind.
“53 M is a small chak of Tehsil Lodhran. This chak is the part of
Punjab Provincial Constituency No. 170 Lodhran and Ahmad Khan
Baloch has been electing as MPA since 1988. This chak is contained
on almost 70 houses and less than one thousand peoples. But it is
consisted of one Higher Secondary School for boys, one High
School for girls and a hospital”.303
302
Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti, “Siddique Khan Kanju Siasat se Shahadat Tak,” Version Times, ( 2003): 05 303
Mohammad Akbar, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013)
143
I have confused to hear this that why did government realize the need to establish
these institutions in this small village. I greatly surprised to know that this had done due
to the effort of MPA Ahmad Khan Baloch. To him, the purpose of establishment of these
institutes is to oblige and facilitate the native peoples. Children will study here and all
those teachers of this village who are serving in remote areas could get a chance to come
in their village. Thus they could educate their children to free from all the problems. He
also has got approval of Govt. Degree College from CM Punjab and thus a lofty building
of college will built in near future.
“Gogran is a small village of Tehsil Lodhran. But it is replete with
the wealth of Govt. Boys Degree College. This degree college was
set up by the effort of MPA Pir Rafi-ud-Din Shah.304
Establishment of this college is the clear proof of Rafi-ud-Din‘s inspiration with his
subjects. But contrary to this, Tehsil Kahror Pacca is perquisiting of politician‘s egotism
and their retaliational actions.
According to the facts and figures, only one Inter College for boys, one Girls Higher
Secondary School, two Boys High Schools and three primary schools were present for
Kahror Pacca before 1988.
"Number of these educational institutions remained same till Nawaz
Sharif's second regime. But in Musharraf era, CM Punjab Ch.
Parvaiz Elahi announced a Degree College for Girls and in a few
months, its excellent building has built and degree classess has
started."305
In these days, besides Govt. educational institutions a large number of Private
Schools and Colleges is educating the children and decorating them from educational
ornaments. It is expected that after 15 or 20 years, a political awareness will produce
among natives due to educational sense and thus a parallel political group will rise from
304
Mohammad Akbar, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013) 305
Anjum Mahmood, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013)
144
middle class to crush inborn politics. After this change, political farming of these few
landlord families will be abolished.
2.3. DEPRESSED CONDITION OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT:
Similarly health is another right of the peoples. It is the responsibility of the elected
representatives of the people to provide basic needs of life and better facilities of health
to their peoples. It is said that:
"A sound body has a sound mind".
"In 1938, there were 49 civil hospitals and 17 rural health centres in
whole District Multan. Kahror Pacca civil dispensary was also
included in these health centres."306
Almost in 1977, during the period of Nasir Rizvi who was federal minister for
housing and building approved a grant for a hospital and got an area near old Bahawalpur
road. This area was reserved for civil hospital including 40 beds which was known as
Civil Hospital till 1991.
"Civil hospital for Kahror Pacca was not a result of our politician's
efforts. But reason is that MNA of Khanewal had demanded a
hospital consisting of 100 beds for his constituency. When Govt.
granted him 40 beds hospital, he refused to take it and thus it was
given to the people of Kahror Pacca."307
Due to the efforts of Siddique Khan Kanju (former Minister of State for Foreign
Affairs), Tehsil Lodhran was given the status of District in 1991. With the upgradation of
Lodhran into District, Kahror Pacca and Dunyapur were given rank of Tehsils.
"From 1991, Civil Hospital Kahror Pacca was named as Tehsil
Headquarter Kahror Pacca. But being THQ, it has been deprived
306
Ahmad Saleem Mazhar Chughtai, Muraqqa-e-Kahror (Kahror Pacca, 1987), 84 307
Mahmood-ul-Hassan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013)
145
from basic facilities. It is exempted from latest medical facilities,
operational instruments and modern machinery."308
Patients who have critical situation are to refer for Bahawalpur and Multan by the
doctors. They are not capable for treatment due to the lack of medical facilities. As a
result majority of the patients expire before reach to Multan and Bahawalpur.
"But the new thinking ironically has started to destroy the very basis
on which the model of the welfare society was built. Our politicians
were repeatedly rebuked for not providing clean drinking water,
health facilities and a modern sewerage system to its people."309
It is a great tragedy for the public of Kahror Pacca.
2.4. POOR ECONOMIC CONDITION OF KAHROR PACCA:
Besides this, availability of fundamental rights, security of life and property, jobs,
freedom of religion and rituals, law and order as well as the facilities of agriculture and
industries are also the right of every citizen of state. All these facilities were provided in
the direct principal of state policy presented in the constitution of the country. It is also
the responsibility of political leadership and elected representatives of a country to
achieve these objects so that all basic facilities could be provided at the gross root level.
As a result of these policies people will become prosperous.
Presently Kahror Pacca is moving towards riches. It has become the first city of
Pakistan exporting high quality cotton seed and their processing products to China.
Others include rice, sunflower, and sugar cane. The main fruit that are cultivated are
citrus, mango and guava, while the main vegetables are onion, tomato, potato and
cauliflower. But due to lake of agricultural water all crops are affected.
"Kahror Pacca is famous for its cottage industry and cotton industry.
Its main crops are cotton and wheat. Cotton is the main crops of
308
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013) 309
Liaquat Ali Mughal, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 23, 2013)
146
Kahror Pacca. Cotton of Kahror Pacca is the best in whole world
due to its long fibers. Few years ago, Kahror Pacca is known as city
of Cotton Genning and Pressing Factories."310
It is also said that Kahror Pacca was a single city of the country which had
maximum cotton factories. The reason is that cotton of this area is considered the best
variety due to its long fibers.
"In 1990, Benazir Bhutto started a long march. When she reached
Lodhran, she named this march 'Cotton March' due to its importance
in cotton crops. It is fact that Kahror Pacca is famous for its cotton
industry. This land is very fertile for crops."311
But today, this crop has lost its significance and the number of cotton factories
alse lessened.
"Due to its cotton production, Kahror Pacca had deserved one or
two Taxtile Mill. By setting up Textile industry, Kahror Pacca is not
only become a prosperous city but peoples also employed. If a single
Taxtile Mill would be set up then this city also could be achieved its
lofty status in the country."312
But unfortunately, our politicians, elected representatives and landlords did not
take pain for the betterment of the city and its habitants.
"No doubt in regimes of every political party, politicians of Kahror
Pacca are always being members and Ministers of its Kitchen
Cabinet. Ministries are being the fate of Kahror Pacca at Federal as
well as Provincial level. During aforesaid period, federal ministries
for building & housing, foreign affairs and sports are being
310
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 21, 2013) 311
Salman Ejaz, "Khabarnak", History of Lodhran, Prod: Aftab Ibqal (Geo TV Video: 2012) 312
Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi, Op.Cit.,
147
connected with Syed Nasir Ali Shaha Rizvi, Mohammad Siddique
Khan Kanju and Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig respectively."313
The main interesting thing is that National Constituency Lodhran is being the
possessor of good destiny because many elected MNA achieved the status of federal
ministry.
"My father had elected as MNA from this constituency and remained
federal minister of state for energy and building as well as provincial
minister of Baldiat. After him, Syed Nasir Ali Rizvi remained federal
minister for housing and building. I was third one who elected as
MNA and secured ministry of housing and building."314
Similarly, Mohammad Siddique Khan Kanju and Malik Sajjad Hussain Khan
Joiya has been remained Provincial Ministers for Education, Exise & Taxation and P.M
advisor repectively. When in August 1990, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan appointed
Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi as the caretaker Prime Minister then Ghulam Haider Waeen was
appointed Chief Minister Punjab.
“Chief Minister Ghulam Haider Waeen appointed Mohammad
Siddique Khan Kanju as Provincial Minister for Exise and Taxation
in his cabinet”.315
But our landlord politicians have not tried to set up any industry because they
think that their tenants will get jobs in industrial sector and thus their influence will be
abolished.
313
Anjum Mahmood, Interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 22, 2013) 314
Yousaf Raza Gilani, Chah e Yousaf Se Sada (Lahore, 2008), 87 315
Nawab Irfan Ahmad, Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi, " Nawa-e-Kahror, (July 04, 2000)
148
CONCLUSIVE REMARKS ON POLITICS OF KAHROR PACCA
Now, that we have just celebrated sixty five years of Pakistan‘s existence, the
ideal and practical realities of its creation are not to be forgotten. A just and progressive
society is only possible to be built on principles of fairness and an assurance for all the
people of being provided an equal opportunity to strive and prosper. It is fact that British
had decided to upgrade the status of Kahror Pacca before partition but due to the
carelessness and hurdles of our politicians it was postponed. At last in 1991, Lodhran was
given the status of District instead of Kahror Pacca.
Population, area and revenue are three important things which are responsibel to
promote any area. If we put a glimpse on the history of Kahror Pacca then we shall have
come to know that it is ahead from other two cities Lodhran and Dunyapur. In the past,
Govt. decided to pass a national highway to join Karachi and Lahore from Kahror Pacca
but our landlords and so called politicians refused to do so. They thought that if Kahror
Pacca came at the corner of national highway then their influence on the people will be
finished. As a result this highway was passed through Lodhran and Dunyapur thus these
two cities became prosperous while Kahror Pacca remained dark and backward.
Similarly, Kahror Pacca is situated near bank of Sutlej River but there is no bridge
on it. Across the river two major cities like Bahawalpur and Khairpur are situated only at
the distance of 14 or 15 Km. Every Govt. declared to build bridges on these two sides but
our politicians were not serious for this. That is why, Kahror Pacca became blocked area.
As I described that Kahror Pacca is very rich in his agricultural products but due to a
blocked area it is being backward in this field.
As I have described that Kahror Pacca is the combination of different political
families. Some of them are land lords. They have no interest in welfare of the people and
progress of the region. They always worked only for their personal interest. They did not
take any care of the public interest. These landlords have not tried to set up any industry
because they think that their tenants will get job in industrial sector and thus their
influence was abolished. Similarly they resist in educational sector so that by getting
higher education, new generation of their tenants will free from their influence. That is
149
why, instead of being historical, Kahror Pacca has deprived in the field of health,
education, politics and economy while it has adopted a prominent status in the field of
politics.
No doubt, it is the politicans of Kahror Pacca which has thrown back the interest
of Kahror Pacca and compelled the people to pass miserable life. Similarly, the budget
for Kahror Pacca was cut in those areas where the majority was against of the ruling
personalities that is why condition of Kahror Pacca is becoming a controversial issue.
The city was not now visited by many but for many years, people who wanted to know
the reasons of this negligence were not allowed to gather for meetings.
They are finding it difficult to meet the basic needs of education, health and other
social welfare benefits. The people of Kahror Pacca are continuing to provide the
necessary input to lead simple life and keep the wheels of economy moving. Now that
some people of low and middle class has acquired higher education and is professionally
qualified to fill the better paid jobs or have established their businesses.
There have been rulers in different countries where people were happy, contended
and felt safe when they travelled to farther parts of their countries. Our political leaders
and elite shall and must build Kahror Pacca in a better model of a welfare state.
If any one asks about the reasons for this negligence to our politicians then they
blame to our military. They reply that our army did not provide us opportunites to work
for the welfare of our subjects. After the existence of Pakistan mostly time passed in
Martial Law that is why we could not pay heed on our locality and constituency.
The question is that if our politicians are not capable enough then I don't
understand why all & every time the blame comes onto the military or generals?
The reason is that our politicians don't pay taxes in their whole life, while an army
officer or a general in his 30 to 35 years of service pays non stop taxes, plus all the
business concerns being run for the welfare of retired armed forces personnel give the
corporate tax they own to the govt properly. In other words, army itself generates some
part of its own budget by giving back taxes to the govt.
150
Our industrialists, politicians & land lords eat huge money by damaging
Pakistan's economy. Everyone feels a superman when they go after the military but no
one looks to the corruption & tax evasion done by the elite of our country as well as the
average business owners. But unfortunately our politicians have suffered in corruption.
Absolute power has corrupted our rulers absolutely. They have had their way since the
demise of the Quaid-i-Azam.
I can categorically state that it was politicians not public, who caused for this
outbreak. May be it is partly wrong. The ‗glass ceiling‘ was never deliberately visible but
the calamity of Kahror Pacca is that in all above mentioned families mostly is not only
occupying the politics of Kahror Pacca but also causing the destruction of it. Just little
effort was done to make prosperous of Kahror Pacca by these families. Because of
political differences among these families' special heed were not paid on the critical
situation of Kahror Pacca. That is why despite passing a long period; Kahror Pacca is
waiting for special attention of these politicians. Despite of political, geographical and
historical significance it was ignored at all. If these political families were to be sincere,
no doubt Kahror Pacca would also be considered a developed city like other big cities of
Pakistan.
151
Appendix I
152
Appendix II
153
Appendix III
154
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Abbas, Zafar. "The empire Strikes Back." The Heral, 1990: 10.
2. Abbasi, Abul Mumtaz Irshad Ahmad. Tareekh Abbasian Bahawalpur.
Bahawawpur: Siraiki Adbi Majlis, 1987.
3. Abulfazal, Allame. Aine Akbari. Translated by Mohammad Fida Ali. Vol. 1.
Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007.
4. Afghani, Khan Zafar. Taassub, Tashadud Aur Tazad. Lahore: Nigarishat
Publisher, 1997.
5. Al-Baroni, Abu Rehan. Kitab-ul-Hind. Translated by Syed Asghar Ali. Lahore:
Al-Faisal Publisher, 1994.
6. Anjum, Wakeel. Sindhi Wadare. Lahore: Feroz Sons, 1999.
7. Askari, Brig. Nazeer Ali Shah. Tareekh-e-Bahawalpur. Bahawalpur: Siraiki Adbi
Majlis, 1971.
8. Aziz, Mohammad Aziz ur Rehman. Subh Sadiq. Bahawalpur: Urdu Academy,
1988.
9. Badr, Karam Ilahi. Tareekh-e-Multan. Lahore: Rahber Agency, 1978.
10. Baloch, Nabi Bukhsh. Chuch Nama. Hydarabad: Sindhi Adbi Board, 1923.
11. Batuta, Ibne. Safar Nama Ibne Batuta. Translated by Maulvi Mohammad
Hussain. Lahore: Qumi Idara Brai Tehqeeq, Tareekh o Siqafat, 1983.
12. Bismil, Ghulam Mustafa. Azeem Mughalia Aehd Maa Dastavizat. Lahore:
Evernew Book Palace, 2000.
13. Chand, Mahta Tek. Aror Banish Parkash. Lahore: Book Traders, 1980.
14. Chand, Rai Hukam. Tawareekh-e-Multan. Multan: Shoba Nashar-o-Ishaat, 1971.
15. Chishti, Yousaf Saleem. Tareekh-e-Tasawuf. Lahore: Ulema Academy , 1976.
155
16. Chughtai, Ahmad Saleem Mazhar. Aina-e-Kahror. Multan: Siddiqia publications,
1970.
17. —. Muraqqa-e-Kahror. Kahror Pacca: Chughati General Store and Book Depo,
1987.
18. Chughtai, Hafiz Mohammad Yousaf. Tareekh Kahror Sharif. Kahror Pacca:
Siddiqia Publication, 1970.
19. Cuninghum, Jorge. Gazetter of the Punjab Distirct (1923-24). Punjab
Government, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1990.
20. Daher, Mohammad Mumtaz Khan. Tareekh Mailsi. Mailsi: Mumtaz Traders,
2001.
21. Dervaish, Mohammad Ali. Tareekh Riyasat Bahawalpur. Vol. 1. Bahawalpur: Sir
Sadiq Academy, 1987.
22. Donald, Neil Mc. The Study of Political Parties. New Yark: The Renald Press
Co., 1963.
23. Fikri, Allama Atique. Naqsh-e-Multan. Vol. 1. Multan: Fikri Academy, 1982.
24. Fridi, Molana Noor Ahmad. Multan Aur Moarikheen. 1980: Hamdard Printing
Press, 1980.
25. —. Tareekh-e-Multan. Multan: Hamdard Printing Press, 1973.
26. Frishta, Mohammad Qasim. Tareekh-e-Frishta. Vol. 2. Lahore: Sheikh Ghulam
Ali & Sons, 1974.
27. Ghori, Zubair Shafi. Uchchh Sharif: Tareekh-Siqafat-Aasar Qadamat-O-Azmat.
Lahore: Azad Enterprises, 1999.
28. Gilani, Syed Aulad Ali. Muraqqah-e-Moltan. Multan: Qasar-ul-Adab Writer,
1938.
29. Gilani, Yousaf Raza. Chah e Yousaf Se Sada. Lahore: Nigarishat Publisher, 2008.
156
30. Hasan, Dr. Mehdi. Pakistan Ki Siasat Aur Awam. Lahore: Saring Publisher, 1996.
31. Hashmi, Tajammul Hussain. Hamara Moashra. Lahore: Ablagh Publisher, 2001.
32. Jafri, Raees Ahmad. Safar Nama Ibne Batuta. Lahore: Urdu Bazar, 1979.
33. Kahrori, Shaheen. Tareekh Kahror Pacca. Multan: Babar Publications, 1987.
34. —. The History of District Lodhran. Kahror Pacca: Bazme Ilm-o-fun, 2000.
35. Kamran, Tahir. Democracy and Governance in Pakistan. Lahore: South Asia
Partnership-Pakistan, 2008.
36. Khan, Advocate Umar Kamal. Multan Langah Dore Mein. Multan: Bazm-e-
Saqafat, 1995.
37. Khan, Dr. Ashiq. Tareekh-e-Multan. Multan: Bazm-e-Saqafat, 2007.
38. Khan, Advocate Umar Kamal. Nawab Muzaffar Khan Shaheed aur Uska Aehd.
Multan: Farooqi Kutab Khana, 1978.
39. Latif, Syed Mohammad. Tareekh-e-Punjab. Lahore: Akram Arched, 1994.
40. Law, N.N. Aehd Islami Mein Taleemi Taraqqi. Translated by Ikhlas Hussain
Zuberi. Karachi: Academy of Educational Research, 1965.
41. Mahmood, Syed Qasim. Encyclopedia Pakistanica. Lahore: Al-Faisal Publisher,
1997.
42. Matla, Mohammad Aslam. Multan Nama. Multan: Zakria University Press, 2005.
43. Najeebabadi, Akbar Shah. Aina Haqeeqat Numa. Karachi: Nafees Academy,
1958.
44. Noon, Alhaj Rabnawaz. Tareekh Noon Rajput. Moeenabad (Kahror Pacca):
Nawaz Library, 1986.
45. Qureshi, Mufti Ghulam Sarwar. Tareekh Makhzane Punjab. Lahore: Aslam
Printer, 1996.
157
46. Rafique, Sheikh Mohammad. Pakistan since 1947. Lahore: Standard Book House,
2008.
47. Rahmani, Ishrat. Pakistan Se Pakistan Tak. Lahore: Maqbool Academy, 1985.
48. Rampuri, Maulvi Najam-ul-Ghani. Waqa-e-Rajisthan. Lacknao: Urdu Academy,
1927.
49. Rehman, Munshi Abdur. Aina-e-Multan. Multan: Aalmi Idarah Ishaat, 1972.
50. Riaz-ul-Huda, Ahmad. Tareekh-e-Pakistan. Lahore: Ilmi Kitab Khana, 1999.
51. Rose, H.A. A Glossary of the Tribes and Casts of the Punjab and NWFP. Vol. 2.
Lahore: Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1911.
52. Shafqat, Saeed. Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: From Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to
Benazir Bhutto. Lahore: Westview Press, 1997.
53. Shahid, S.M. Pakistan Ka Nazria Hakomat-o-Siasat. Lahore: Aziz Book Dipot.,
1992.
54. Shameem, Mohammad Taqi. Tareekh-e-Lodhran. Lodhran: Oxford Junior Model
School, 1993.
55. Sherwani, Abbasi Khan. Tareekh Sher Shahi. Translated by Mazhar Ali Khan.
Karachi: Tahir Sons, 1963.
56. Solat, Sarwat. Tareekh-e-Pakistan K Barey Log. Lahore: Islamic Publications,
1990.
57. Talbot, Ian. Pakistan: A Modern History. London: Hurst & Company, 2005.
58. Taqi-ud-Din, Hafiz. Pakistan Ki Siasi Jamatein Aur Tehreekein. Lahore: Fiction
House, 1995.
59. Tauseef, Afzal. Election-Jamhoriat-Martial Law. Lahore: Nigarishat Publisher,
1990.
158
60. Usman, Prof. Mohammad. Pakistan Ki Siasi Jamatein. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel
Publications, 1988.
61. Waseem, Mohammad. The 1993 Elections in Pakistan. Lahore: Vanguard
Publisher, 1994.
62. Yousaf, Roshan Shah. Tareekh-e-Multan. Translated by Muhammad Bashir
Anwar. Multan: Zakria University Press, 2004.
63. Zaka-Ullah, Maulvi. Tareekh Hindustan. Vol. 4. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel
Publications, 1998.
64. Zamin, Syed Noor Ali. Muaarif-e-Siriki. Ahmad Pur: Mustafa Shah Academy,
1972.
65. Zubairi, Bilal. Tareekhe Jhang. Lahore: Haq Publisher, 2002.
159
INTERVIEWS
1. Abbasi, Mahmood-ul-Hasan, interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi
Tareekh Aur Mahromian (January 21, 2013).
2. Abbasi, Mahmood-ul-Hasan, interview by Ahmad Ali. Mahmood-ul-Hasan
Abbasi Ki Zindagi Per Tairana Nazar (December 25, 2012).
3. Ahmad, Nawab Irfan, interview by Ahmad Ali. Aman Ullah Khan Ki Siasi
Zindagi Per Aik Nazar (October 15, 2012).
4. Ahmad, Nawab Irfan, interview by Ahmad Ali. Establishment of PTI in Kahror
Pacca (September 14, 2012).
5. Ahmad, Nawab Irfan, interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh
Aur Mahromian (January 25, 2013).
6. Ahmad, Nawab Irfan, interview by Ahmad Ali. Nawab Zafar Ullah Khan Ki
Siasat Ka Tafseli Mutalia (October 12, 2012).
7. Akbar, Mohammad, interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur
Mahromian (January 24, 2013).
8. Asim, Abdul Aziz, interview by Ahmad Ali. Nasir Baig Ka Siasi Safar Aur
Maqam (December 12, 2012).
9. Kanju, Mohammad Akram Khan, interview by Ahmad Ali. Akram Kanju Ki
Siasat K Numayan Pehlo (December 23, 2012).
10. Mahmood, Anjum, interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur
Mahromian (January 22, 2013).
11. Mughal, Liaquat Ali, interview by Ahmad Ali. Ilaqa Kahror Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur
Mahromian (January 23, 2013).
12. Rashid, Khalid Mahmood, interview by Ahmad Ali. Kahror Pacca Mein Jamaat
Islami Ka Kirdar (February 11, 2012).
160
13. Tabassum, M. Shahid, interview by Ahmad Ali. Rabnawaz Noon Ki Shakhsiat
(April 22, 2012).
161
PRINT MEDIA (JOURNALS)
1. Abbas, Zafar. "The empire Strikes Back." The Heral, 1990: 10.
2. Asim, Abdul Aziz. "Alhaj Mahmood-ul-Hasan Abbasi." Version Times, 2005: 15.
3. Asim, Abdul Aziz. "Mirza Mohammad Nasir Baig." Edited by Abdul Aziz Asim.
Version Times, 2005: 15.
4. Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad. "Siddique Khan Kanju Siasat Se Shahadat Tak." Version
Times, 2003: 5-6.
5. Ghori, Attiq-ur-Rahman. "Ik Roshan Chiragh Tha.....Na Raha." Version Times,
2003: 7-8.
6. Khan, Aamer Ahmad. "The Great Debacle." Herald, March 1997: 21.
7. Mughal, Liaquat Ali. "Kahror Pacca: Siasat Aur Qiadat K Tanazar Main." Version
Times, 2002: 1-13.
NEWSPAPERS
1. Ahmad, Nawab Irfan. "Kahror Pacca Ki Siasi Tareekh Aur Wadera Shahi." Edited
by Nawab Irfan Ahmad. Nawa-e-Kahror, July 2000: 04.
2. Bhutto, Benazir. "PPP Se Nikale Gae Afrad Per Party K Darwaze Band." Jang,
April 1986: 12.
3. Hussain, Mian Sajjad. "Pakistan K Aam Intikhabat Aur Kahror Ki Sorat-e-Hal."
Edited by Nawab Irfan Ahmad. Nawa-e-Kahror, January 1998: 04.
4. Javid, M. Afzal. "Kahror Pacca Mukhtlif Mahkmoon Ki Betawajahi Ka Shikar."
Edited by Adnan Shahid. Khabrain, March 2, 2012: 12.
162
5. Noon, Rana Sohail Riaz. "Party Qiadat Ne Ticket Confirm Kardi." Edited by
Adnan Shahid. Khabrain, December 2012: 12.
6. Staff Reporter. "Khurshid Kanju Tahrek-e-Islami Multan K Emir Muqarar."
Nawa-e-Waqt, November 25, 1986: 12.
SOCIAL MEDIA
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1988
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1990
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1993
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1997
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodhran_District#Infrastructure
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodhran#cite_ref-2
7. http://www.apnalodhran.com/history.aspx
8. http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=17&dn=Lodhrn
9. http://www.punjab.gov.pk/lodhran
ELECTRONIC MEDIA
1. Ejaz, Salman. "History of Lodhran." Khabarnak. Prod. Aftab Ibbal. 2012.